The 'warm-up' phenomenon occurs in patients with chronic stable angina but not in patients with syndrome X

American Journal of Cardiology

Volumn 81, Issue 2, 1998, Pages 123-127

  Lupi, Alessandro ^a   Lanza, Gaetano A ^a   Lucente, Michele ^a   Crea, Filippo ^a   Proietti, Igino ^a   Maseri, Attilio ^a  

^a CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY   (Italy)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGED; ANGINA PECTORIS; ARTICLE; CLINICAL ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; EXERCISE TEST; FEMALE; HEART MUSCLE ISCHEMIA; HEART RATE; HUMAN; MALE; PHYSICAL STRESS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; ST SEGMENT DEPRESSION; SYNDROME X;

ADAPTATION, PHYSIOLOGICAL; ADULT; AGED; ANGINA PECTORIS; CHRONIC DISEASE; CORONARY ANGIOGRAPHY; CORONARY CIRCULATION; ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY; EXERCISE TEST; FEMALE; HEMODYNAMIC PROCESSES; HUMANS; MALE; MICROVASCULAR ANGINA; MIDDLE AGED; SEVERITY OF ILLNESS INDEX;

EID: 0032518688     PISSN: 00029149     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0002-9149(97)00886-2     Document Type: Article

References (24)

1. 1. Lewis T. Pain in muscolar ischemia. Arch Intern Med 1932;49:713-727.
2. 2. Gallavardin L. Les Angines de Poitrine. Paris: Masson & Cie, 1925:119.
3. 3. Osler W. Lectures on Angina Pectoris and Allied States. New York: Appleton, 1897:52.
4. 4. Wenckebach KF. Toter punkt, second wind und angina pectoris. Wien Klin Wochenschr 1928;41:1-10.
5. 5. MacAlpin RN, Kattus AA. Adaptation to exercise angina pectoris: the electrocardiogram during treadmill walking and coronary angiographic findings. Circulation 1966;33:183-201.
6. 6. Jaffe MD, Quinn NK. Warm-up phenomenon in angina pectoris. Lancet 1980;2:934-936.
7. 7. Joy M, Cairns AW, Sprigings D. Observations on the warm-up phenomenon in angina pectoris. Br Heart J 1987;58:116-121.
8. 8. Okazaki Y, Kodama K, Sato H, Kitakaze M, Hirayama A, Mishima M, Hori M, Inoue M. Attenuation of increased regional myocardial oxygen consumption during exercuse as a major cause of warm-up phenomenon. J Am Coll Cardiol 1993;21:1597-1604.
9. 9. Stewart RAH, Simmonds MB, Williams MJA. Time course of "warm-up" in stable angina. Am J Cardiol 1995;76:70-73.
10. 10. Maybaum S, Ilan M, Mogilevsky J, Tzivoni D. Improvement in ischemic parameters during repeated exercise testing: a possible model for myocardial preconditioning. Am J Cardiol 1996;78:1087-1091.
11. 11. Williams DO, Bass TA, Gerwitz H, Most AS. Adaptation to the stress of tachycardia in patients with coronary artery disease: insight into the mechanism of the warm-up phenomenon. Circulation 1985;71:687-692.
12. 12. Tomai F, Crea F, Danesi A, Perino A, Gaspardone A, Ghini AS, Cascarano MT, Chiariello L, Gioffrè PA. Mechanisms of the warm-up phenomenon. Eur Heart J 1996;17:1022-1027.
13. 13. Maseri A, Crea F, Kaski JC, Crake T. Mechanisms of angina pectoris in syndrome X. J Am Coll Cardiol 1991;17:499-506.
14. 14. Lanza GA, Manzoli A, Bia E, Crea F, Maseri A. Acute effects of nitrates on exercise testing in patients with syndrome X. Clinical and pathophysiological implications. Circulation 1994;90:2695-700.
15. 15. Cannon RO, Camici PG, Epstein SE. Pathophysiological dilemma of syndrome X. Circulation 1992;85:883-892.
16. 16. Opherk D, Zebe H, Schuler G, Weihe E, Mall G, Kubler W. Reduced coronary dilatory capacity and ultrastructural changes of the myocardium in patients with angina pectoris but normal coronary arteriograms. Circulation 1981;63:817-825.
17. 17. Cannon RO, Watson RM, Rosing DR, Epstein SE. Angina caused by reduced vasodilator reserve of the small coronary arteries. J Am Coll Cardiol 1983;1: 1359-1363.
18. 18. Camici PG, Gistri R, Lorenzoni R, Sorace O, Michelassi C, Bongiorni MG, Salvadori PA, L'Abbate A. Coronary reserve and exercise electrocardiogram in patients with chest pain and normal coronary angiograms. Circulation 1992;86: 179-186.
19. 19. Galassi AR, Kaski JC, Crea F, Pupita G, Gavrielides S, Tousoulis D, Maseri A. Heart rate response during exercise testing and ambulatory ECG monitoring in patients with syndrome X. Am Heart J 1991;122:458-463.
20. 20. Lanza GA, Stazi F, Pedrotti P, Colonna G, Manzoli A, Crea F, Maseri A. Circadian rhtyhm of ischemic threshold in patients with syndrome X. Am J Cardiol 1995;75:683-686.
21. 21. Radice M, Giudici V, Albertini A, Mannarini A. Usefulness of changes in exercise tolerance induced by nitroglycerin in identifying patients with syndrome X. Am Heart J 1994;127:531-535.
22. 22. Camici PG, Marraccini P, Lorenzoni R, Buzzigoli G, Pecori N, Perissinotto A, Ferrannini E, L'Abbate A, Marzilli M. Coronary haemodynamics and myocardial metabolism in patients with syndrome X: response to pacing stress. J Am Coll Cardiol 1991;17:1461-1470.
23. 23. Panza JA, Laurienzo JM, Curiel RV, Unger EF, Quyyumi AA, Dilsizian V, Cannon RO. Investigation of the mechanism of chest pain in patients with angiographically normal coronary arteries using trans esophageal dobutamine stress echocardiography. J Am Coll Cardiol 1997;29:293-301.
24. 24. Picano E, Lattanzi F, Masini M, Distante A, L'Abbate A. Usefulness of a high-dose dipyridamole-echocardiography test for diagnosis of syndrome X. Am J Cardiol 1987;60:508-514.