Obesidad y nivel socioeconómico

Medicina Clinica

Volumn 110, Issue 9, 1998, Pages 347-355

  Gutiérrez Fisac, Juan L ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSIDAD AUTÓNOMA DE MADRID   (Spain)

^b MINISTERIO DE SANIDAD Y CONSUMO   (Spain)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; BEHAVIOR; CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY; DEVELOPED COUNTRY; DEVELOPING COUNTRY; EXERCISE; HUMAN; OBESITY; SOCIAL CLASS; SOCIOECONOMICS;

BEHAVIOR; CULTURE; DEVELOPED COUNTRIES; DEVELOPING COUNTRIES; EXERCISE; HUMANS; OBESITY; SOCIAL MOBILITY; SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS;

EID: 0032515683     PISSN: 00257753     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (76)

1. Office of Population Ceneuses and Surveys. Occupational mortality 1970-1972 Londres: HSMO, 1978.
2. Marmot MG, Smith GD, Stansfeld S, Patel C, North F, Head J et al. Health inequalities among British civil servants: the Whitehall II study. Lancet 1991; 337: 1.387-1.393.
3. Townsend P, Davison N, Whitehead M. Inequalities in health. 'The black report and the health divide'. Harmondsworth: Pemguin Books, 1992.
4. Valkonen T, Martelin T, Rimpelä A. Socio-economic mortality differences in Finland 1971-1985. Helsinky: Central Statistics Office of Finland, 1990.
5. Feldman JJ, Makuc DM, Kleinman JC, Coroni-Huntley J. National trends in educational differentials in mortality. Am J Epidemiol 1990; 12a: 919-933.
6. Regidor E, Gutiérrez-Fisac JL, Rodriguez C. Diferencias y desigualdades en salud en España. Madrid: Diaz de Santos, 1994.
7. Goldblatt PB, Moore ME, Stunkard AJ. Social factors in obesity JAMA 1965; 192: 97-102.
8. Sobal J, Stunkard AJ. Socioeconomic status and obesity: a review of the literature. Psych Bull 1989; 105: 260-275.
9. Noppa H, Bengtsson C. Obesity in relation to socioeconomic status. A population study of women in Göteborg, Sweden. J Epidemiol Community Health 1980; 34: 139-142.
10. Haglund BJA. Geographical and socioeconomic distribution of overweight and mortality in a rural Swedish county. Scand J Soc Med 1987; 15: 19-29.
11. Evers S. Economic and social factors associated with obesity in adults Canadians. Nutr Res 1987; 7: 3-13.
12. Flegal KM, Harlan WR, Landis JR. Secular trends in body mass index and skinfold thickness with socioeconomic factors in young adults women. Am J Clin Nutr 1988; 48: 533-543.
13. Flegal KM, Harlan WR, Landis JR. Secular trends in body mass index and skinfold thickness with socioeconomic factors in young adults men. Am J Clin Nutr 1988; 48: 544-551.
14. Burke GL, Jacobs DR, Sprafka JM, Savage PJ, Sidney S, Wagenknecht LE. Obesity and overweight in young adults: The Cardia Study. Prev Med 1990; 19: 476-488.
15. Jeffery RW, French SA, Foster JL, Spry VM. Socioeconomic status differences in health beaviors related to besity: the Healthy Worker Project Int J Obes 1991; 15: 689-696.
16. Rissanen AM, Heliövara M, Knekt P, Raunanen A, Aromaa A Determinants of weight gain and overweight in adults finns. Eur J Clin Nutr 1991; 45: 419-430.
17. Helmert U, Mielck A, Classen E. Social inequities in cardiovascular disease risk factors in East and West Germany. Soc Sci Med 1992; 35: 1.383-1.392.
18. Leight JP, Fries JF, Hubert HB. Gender and race differences in the correlation between body mass and education in the 1971-1975 NHANES I. J Epidemiol Community Health 1992; 46: 191-196.
19. Croft JB, Strogatz DS, James SA, Keenan NL, Ammerman AS, Malarcher AM et al. Socioeconomic and behavioral correlates of body mass index in black adults: The Pitt County Study. Am J Public Health 1992; 82: 821-826.
20. Kuskowska A, Bergströn R. Trends in body mass index and prevalence of obesity in Swedish women 1980-1989. J Epidemiol Community Health 1993; 47: 195-199.
21. Kuskowska A, Bergströn R. Trends in body mass index and prevalence of obesity in Swedish men 1980-1989. J Epidemiol Community Health 1993; 47: 103-108.
22. Breeze E, Maidment A, Bennett N, Flatley J, Carey S. Health Survey for England 1992. Londres: OPCS, 1994; 68-100.
23. Gutiérrez-Fisac JL, Regidor E, Rodriguez C. Economic and social factors associated with body mass index and obesity in the Spanish population aged 20-64 years. Eur J Public Health 1995; 5: 193-198.
24. Sever PS, Gordon D, Peart WS, Beighton P. Blood-pressure and its correlates in urban and tribal africa. Lancet 1980; 2: 60-64.
25. Sichieri R, Coitinho DC, Leao MM, Recine E, Evarhart JE. High temporal, geographic and income variation in body mass index among adults in Brazil. Am J Public Health 1994; 84: 793-798.
26. Popkin BM, Paeratakul S, Ge K, Fengying Z. Body weight patterns among the Chinese: results from the 1989 and 1991 China Health and Nutrition Surveys. Am J Public Health 1995; 85: 690-694.
27. Brown PJ, Konner M. An anthropological perspective on obesity. Ann New York Acad Sci 1987; 499: 29-46.
28. Stern MP, Pugh JA, Gaskill SP, Hazuda HP. Knowledge, attitudes and behavior related to obesity and dieting in Mexican Americans and Anglos: the San Antonio Heart Study. Am J Epidemiol 1982; 115: 917-928.
29. McLean RA, Moon M. Health, obesity and earnings Am J Public Health 1980; 70: 1.006-1.009.
30. Garn SM, Clark DC. Trends in fatness and the origins of obesity. Pediatrics 1976; 57: 443-456.
31. Braddon FEM, Rodgers B, Wadsworth MEJ, Davies JMC Onset of obesity in a 36 year birth cohort study, Br Med J 1986; 293: 299-303.
32. Carpenter L, Bartley M, Fat, female and poor. Lancet 1994; 2: 1.715-1.716.
33. Sclafani A. Dietary obesity models. En: Björntorp P, Brodoff BN, editores. Obesity. Filadelfia: J.B. Lippincott Company, 1992; 241-248.
34. Kromhout D. Energy and macronutrient intake in lean anc obese middle-aged men (The Zupten Study). Am J Clin Nutr 1983; 37: 295-299.
35. Romieu I, Willett WC, Stampfer MJ, Golditz GA, Sampson L, Rosner B et al. Energy intake and others determinants of relative weight. Am J Clin Nutr 1988; 47: 406-412.
36. Dreon DM, Frey-Hewitt B, Ellsworth N, Willians PT, Terry RB, Wood PD. Dietary fat: carbohydrate ratio and obesity in middle-aged men. Am J Clin Nutr 1988; 47: 995-1.000.
37. Lissner L, Heitmann BL. Dietary fat and obesity: evidence from epidemiology. Eur J Clin Nutr 1995; 49: 79-90.
38. Willett WC. Diet and health: what should we eat? Science 1994; 264: 532-537.
39. Ravussin E. Swinburn BA. Pathophysiology of obesity. Lancet 1992; 340: 404-408.
40. Rolland-Cachera MF, Bellisle F, Tichet J, Chantrel AM. Guilloud-Bataille M, Vol S et al. Realtionship between adiposity and food intake: an example of pseudocontradictory results obtained in case-control versus between-population studies. Int J Epidemiol 1990; 19: 572-577.
41. Rolland-Cachera MF, Bellisle F No correlation between adiposity and food intake: why are working class children fatter? Int J Epidemiol 1986; 44: 779-787.
42. Arija V, Salas Salvadó J, Fernández-Ballart J, Cucó G, Marti-Henneberg C. Consume, hábitos alimentarios y estado nutricional de la población de Reus (IX). Evolución del consumo de alimentos, de su participación en la ingestión de energía y nutrientes y de su relación con el nivel socioeconómico y cultural entre 1983 y 1993. Med Clin (Barc) 1996; 196: 174-179.
43. Blaxter M, Health and Lifestyle. Londres: Routledge, 1990; 122-124.
44. Wood PD, Stefanick ML, Willians PT, Haskell WL. The effects on plasma lipoproteins of a prudent weight-redicing diet, with or without exercise, in overweight men and women. N Engl J Med 1991; 325: 461-466.
45. Wolf AM, Gortmaker SL, Cheung L, Gray HM, Herzog DB, Coldiz GA. Activity, inactivity and obesity: racial, ethnic and age differences among schoolgirls. Am J Public Health 1993; 83: 1.625-1.627.
46. Gutiérrez-Fisac JL, Rodríguez Artalejo F. Relación entre obesidad, hábito tabáquico y actividad física en tiempo libre en la población española de 20 a 64 años. Med Clin (Barc) 1995; 104: 293-297.
47. White CC, Powell KE, Hogelin GC, Gentry EM, Forman MR. The behavioral risk factor surveys: IV. The descriptive epidemiology of exercise. Am J Prev Med 1987; 3: 304-310.
48. Ford ES, Merritt RK, Health GW, Powell KE, Washburn RA, Kriska A et al. Physical activity behaviors in lower and higher socioeconomic status populations. Am J Epidemiol 1991; 133; 1.246-1.256.
49. Regidor E, Rodriguez C, Gutiérrez-Fisac JL. Indicadores de salud. Tercera evaluación en España del programa regional europeo salud para todos. Madrid; Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo, 1995; 227-231.
50. Stephens T. Health behavior and health status. En: Irving R, Warren R, Stephens T, Peters L, editores. Canada's Health Promotion Survey. Ottawa: Minister of Supply and Services Canada, 1988; 171-179.
51. Tormo MJ, Moreno-Sueskun I, Chirlaque Lopez MD, Nacarro Sánchez C. Validez de un cuestionario de actividad fisica reciente. Gac Sanit 1995; 9: 174-182.
52. Levy AS, Heaton AW. Weight control practices of US adults trying to lose weight. Ann Intern Med 1993; 119: 661-666.
53. Serdula MK, Collins E, Willianson DF, Anda RF, Pamuk E, Byers TE. Weight control practices of US adolescents and adults. Ann Intern Med 1993; 119: 667-671.
54. Horm J, Anderson K. Who in America is trying to lose weight? Ann Intern Med 1993; 119: 672-676.
55. Smith GD, Bartley M, Blane D. The black report on socioeconomic inequalities in health 10 years on. Br Med J 1990; 301: 373-377.
56. Dohrewend BP, Levav I, Shrout PE, Schwartz S, Naveh G, Link BG et al. Socioeconomic status and psychiatric disorders: the causation-selection issue. Science 1992; 255: 946-952.
57. Sonne-Holm S, Sorensen TIA. Prospective study of attainment of social class of severely obese subjects in relation to parental social class, intelligence and education. Br Med J 1986; 292: 586-589.
58. Gortmaker SL, Must A, Perrin JM, Sobol AM, Dietz WM. Social and economic consecuences of overweight in adolescence and young adulthood. N Engl J Med 1993; 329: 1.008-1.012.
59. Sargent JD, Blachflower DG. Obesity and stature in adolescence and earnings in yough adulthood. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 1994; 148: 681-687.
60. House JS, Landis KR, Umberson D. Social relationship and health. Science 1988; 241: 540-545
61. Gerald LB, Anderson A, Johnson GD, Hoff C, Trimm RF. Social class, so-cial support and obesity in children. Child: care, health and development. 1994: 20: 145-163.
62. Berkman LF. Assessing the physical health effects of social networks and social support. Ann Rev Public Health 1984; 5: 413-432.
63. Marmot MG, Kogevinas M, Elston MA. Social/economic status and disease. Ann Rev Public Health 1987; 8: 111-135.
64. Lissau I, Sorensen TIA. Parental neglect during childhood and increase of obesity in young adulthood. Lancet 1994; 343: 324-327.
65. Stunkard AJ, Harris JR, Pedersen NL, McClearn GE. The body mass index of twins who have beenr reared apart. N Engl J Med 1990; 322: 1.483-1.487.
66. Bouchard C, Pėruse L. Genetics of obesity. Ann Rev Nutr 1993; 13: 337-354.
67. Stunkard AJ, Sorensen TIA, Hanis G, Teasdale TW, Chakraborty R, Schull WJ et al. An adoption study of human obesity. N Engl J Med 1986; 314: 193-198.
68. Teasdale TW, Sorensen TIA, Stunkard AJ. Genetic and early environmental components in sociademographic influences on adult body fatness. Br Med J 1990; 300: 1.615-1.618.
69. Seidell JC, Verschuren WMM, Kromhout D. Prevalence and trends of obesity in the Netherlands 1987-1991. Int J Obes 1995; 19: 924-927.
70. Gutiérrez-Fisac JL, Regidor E, Rodriguez C. Trends in obesity differences by educational level in Spain. J Clin Epidemiol 1996; 49: 351-354.
71. Gutiérrez-Fisac JL, Regidor E, Rodríguez C. Prevalencia de la obesidad en España. Med Clinn (Barc) 1993; 102: 10-13.
72. Liberates P, Ling BG, Kelsey JL. The measurement of social class in epidemiology. Epidemiol Rev 1988; 10:87-121.
73. Serra Majem LI, Font F, García Closas F, Tresseras R, Plans P, Formiguera X et al. Cribado del exceso de peso. Med Clin (Barc) 1994; 102 (Supl 1): 56-61.
74. Department of Health and Human Services. The Surgeon General s Report on Nutrition and Health. Washington: DHHS, 1988; 275-309.
75. Valkonen T, Martelin T, Rimpelä A, Notjola V, Savela S. Socioeconomic differences in Finland 1981-1990. Helsinki: Central Statistical Office of Finland, 1993.
76. Regidor E, Gutiérrez-Fisac JL, Rodríguez C. Increased socioeconomic differences in mortality in eight Spanish provinces Soc Sci Med 1995; 41: 801-807.