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E. Matthews and I. Fung. Global Biogeochem. Cycles 1, 61 (1987); R. Hein, P. J. Crutzen, M. Heimann, ibid. 11, 43 (1997).
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Hein, R.1
Crutzen, P.J.2
Heimann, M.3
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R. S. Hanson, A. I. Netrusov, K. Truji, in The Procaryotes, A. Balows et al., Eds. (Springer-Verlag, New York, 1991), pp. 661-684; G. M. King, in Adv. Microb. Ecol. 12, 431 (1992).
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Hanson, R.S.1
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R. S. Hanson, A. I. Netrusov, K. Truji, in The Procaryotes, A. Balows et al., Eds. (Springer-Verlag, New York, 1991), pp. 661-684; G. M. King, in Adv. Microb. Ecol. 12, 431 (1992).
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King, G.M.1
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Yavitt, J.B.1
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J. B. Yavitt et al., Soil Biol. Biochem. 22, 441 (1990); N. S. Panikov et al., J. Ecol. Chem. 1, 7 (1993); L. R. Krumholz et al., FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 18, 215 (1995).
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Panikov, N.S.1
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Krumholz, L.R.1
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16
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3643129930
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note
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4-air 30:70 mixture.
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17
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3643127878
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note
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4 and methanol and was screened by digestion with two sets of tetrameric endonucleases (Rsa I + Msp I and Hha I + Hae III). No differences were observed among the 86 clones obtained.
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18
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3643055905
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note
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The microscopic examination was done with batch cultures in late exponential growth phase. Cells were fixed at 4°C for 1 to 2 hours in 4% glutaraldehyde buffered with 0.1 M sodium phosphate (pH 7.4). Samples were prepared with poly-L-lysine to adhere bacteria to the cover slip. After a brief rinse in the buffer, samples were dehydrated in an ethanol series (25, 50, 75, 95%) for 15 min in each solution and three times for 15 min in 100% ethanol. After dehydration, samples were dried in a Balzers critical point dryer to prevent any shape alterations and were then coated with gold in an Emscope Sputter Coater model SC 500. Cells were examined with a JEOL JSM-6400V scanning electron microscope at the Center for Electron Optics, Michigan State University.
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19
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3643075845
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note
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4-C.
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20
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33746823341
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We stimulated exponential growth of MOB in native peat samples to determine the specific growth rate [S. N. Dedysh and N. S. Panikov, Mikrobiologiya 66, 563 (1997)].
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(1997)
Mikrobiologiya
, vol.66
, pp. 563
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Dedysh, S.N.1
Panikov, N.S.2
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24
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3643095639
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note
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-). Reference strain of M. capsulatus (Bath) was obtained from American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, accession number 33009). Methylocystis pyreformis strain 44 and Methylomonas albus strain 85 were provided by Y. A. Trotsenko (IBPM, Pushchino, Russia).
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25
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3643085176
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note
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The nucleotide sequence of the mmoX gene fragment of acidophilic methanotrophs has been deposited in GenBank under accession number AF004554.
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26
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0025006802
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The DNA sequence of the gene cluster encoding the sMMO proteins has been determined for three MOB, M. capsulatus (Bath), Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b, and Methylocystis sp. strain M [A. C. Stainthorpe, V. Lees, G. P. C. Salmond, H. Dalton, J. C. Murrell, Gene 91, 27 (1990); D. L. N. Cardy, V. Laidler, C. P. C. Salmond, J. C. Murrell, Mol. Microbiol. 5, 335 (1991); I. R. McDonald, H. Uchiyama, S. Kambe, O. Yagi, J. C. Murrell, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 63, 1898 (1997)].
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(1990)
Gene
, vol.91
, pp. 27
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Stainthorpe, A.C.1
Lees, V.2
Salmond, G.P.C.3
Dalton, H.4
Murrell, J.C.5
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27
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0025976406
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The DNA sequence of the gene cluster encoding the sMMO proteins has been determined for three MOB, M. capsulatus (Bath), Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b, and Methylocystis sp. strain M [A. C. Stainthorpe, V. Lees, G. P. C. Salmond, H. Dalton, J. C. Murrell, Gene 91, 27 (1990); D. L. N. Cardy, V. Laidler, C. P. C. Salmond, J. C. Murrell, Mol. Microbiol. 5, 335 (1991); I. R. McDonald, H. Uchiyama, S. Kambe, O. Yagi, J. C. Murrell, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 63, 1898 (1997)].
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Mol. Microbiol.
, vol.5
, pp. 335
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Cardy, D.L.N.1
Laidler, V.2
Salmond, C.P.C.3
Murrell, J.C.4
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28
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0030986084
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The DNA sequence of the gene cluster encoding the sMMO proteins has been determined for three MOB, M. capsulatus (Bath), Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b, and Methylocystis sp. strain M [A. C. Stainthorpe, V. Lees, G. P. C. Salmond, H. Dalton, J. C. Murrell, Gene 91, 27 (1990); D. L. N. Cardy, V. Laidler, C. P. C. Salmond, J. C. Murrell, Mol. Microbiol. 5, 335 (1991); I. R. McDonald, H. Uchiyama, S. Kambe, O. Yagi, J. C. Murrell, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 63, 1898 (1997)].
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(1997)
Appl. Environ. Microbiol.
, vol.63
, pp. 1898
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McDonald, I.R.1
Uchiyama, H.2
Kambe, S.3
Yagi, O.4
Murrell, J.C.5
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29
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0028077780
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PCR-mediated amplification of the 16S rRNA genes and sequence analyses were done as described [W. Liesack, and K. Finster, Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 44, 753 (1994)]. The nucleotide sequence of the 16S rRNA gene of strain K has been deposited in the EMBL (European Molecular Biology Laboratory), GenBank, and DDBJ (DNA Data Bank of Japan) databases under accession number Y17144. The phylogenetic position of strains S6, K, and M131 was determined by comparing their 16S rRNA gene sequence with α-proteobacterial reference sequences for which at least 1000 nucleotide sequence positions were available. Trees were constructed for a sequence stretch ranging from positions 28 to 1477(Escherichia coli 16S rRNA numbering) by using distance matrix and maximum-likelihood methods and the ARB program package [J. Felsenstein, PHYLIP (phylogeny inference package), version 3.5c (University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 1993); B. L. Maidak et al., Nucleic Acids Res. 24, 82 (1996); O. Strunk and W. Ludwig, ARB: A Software Environment for Sequence Data (Technische Univ., Munich, Germany, 1996)].
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Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol.
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Liesack, W.1
Finster, K.2
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30
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0028077780
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-
University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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PCR-mediated amplification of the 16S rRNA genes and sequence analyses were done as described [W. Liesack, and K. Finster, Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 44, 753 (1994)]. The nucleotide sequence of the 16S rRNA gene of strain K has been deposited in the EMBL (European Molecular Biology Laboratory), GenBank, and DDBJ (DNA Data Bank of Japan) databases under accession number Y17144. The phylogenetic position of strains S6, K, and M131 was determined by comparing their 16S rRNA gene sequence with α-proteobacterial reference sequences for which at least 1000 nucleotide sequence positions were available. Trees were constructed for a sequence stretch ranging from positions 28 to 1477(Escherichia coli 16S rRNA numbering) by using distance matrix and maximum-likelihood methods and the ARB program package [J. Felsenstein, PHYLIP (phylogeny inference package), version 3.5c (University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 1993); B. L. Maidak et al., Nucleic Acids Res. 24, 82 (1996); O. Strunk and W. Ludwig, ARB: A Software Environment for Sequence Data (Technische Univ., Munich, Germany, 1996)].
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(1993)
PHYLIP (Phylogeny Inference Package), Version 3.5c
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Felsenstein, J.1
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31
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0029866211
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PCR-mediated amplification of the 16S rRNA genes and sequence analyses were done as described [W. Liesack, and K. Finster, Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 44, 753 (1994)]. The nucleotide sequence of the 16S rRNA gene of strain K has been deposited in the EMBL (European Molecular Biology Laboratory), GenBank, and DDBJ (DNA Data Bank of Japan) databases under accession number Y17144. The phylogenetic position of strains S6, K, and M131 was determined by comparing their 16S rRNA gene sequence with α-proteobacterial reference sequences for which at least 1000 nucleotide sequence positions were available. Trees were constructed for a sequence stretch ranging from positions 28 to 1477(Escherichia coli 16S rRNA numbering) by using distance matrix and maximum-likelihood methods and the ARB program package [J. Felsenstein, PHYLIP (phylogeny inference package), version 3.5c (University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 1993); B. L. Maidak et al., Nucleic Acids Res. 24, 82 (1996); O. Strunk and W. Ludwig, ARB: A Software Environment for Sequence Data (Technische Univ., Munich, Germany, 1996)].
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, vol.24
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Maidak, B.L.1
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32
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0028077780
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Technische Univ., Munich, Germany
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PCR-mediated amplification of the 16S rRNA genes and sequence analyses were done as described [W. Liesack, and K. Finster, Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 44, 753 (1994)]. The nucleotide sequence of the 16S rRNA gene of strain K has been deposited in the EMBL (European Molecular Biology Laboratory), GenBank, and DDBJ (DNA Data Bank of Japan) databases under accession number Y17144. The phylogenetic position of strains S6, K, and M131 was determined by comparing their 16S rRNA gene sequence with α-proteobacterial reference sequences for which at least 1000 nucleotide sequence positions were available. Trees were constructed for a sequence stretch ranging from positions 28 to 1477(Escherichia coli 16S rRNA numbering) by using distance matrix and maximum-likelihood methods and the ARB program package [J. Felsenstein, PHYLIP (phylogeny inference package), version 3.5c (University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 1993); B. L. Maidak et al., Nucleic Acids Res. 24, 82 (1996); O. Strunk and W. Ludwig, ARB: A Software Environment for Sequence Data (Technische Univ., Munich, Germany, 1996)].
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(1996)
ARB: A Software Environment for Sequence Data
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Strunk, O.1
Ludwig, W.2
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33
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0000407464
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A. Balows, H. G. Truper, M. Dworkin, W. Harder, K. H. Schleifer, Eds. Springer-Verlag, New York
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J. F. Imhoff and H. G. Truper, in The Procaryotes, A. Balows, H. G. Truper, M. Dworkin, W. Harder, K. H. Schleifer, Eds. (Springer-Verlag, New York, 1991), vol. 2, pp. 2141-2155.
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(1991)
The Procaryotes
, vol.2
, pp. 2141-2155
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Imhoff, J.F.1
Truper, H.G.2
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0005567898
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N. R. Krieg and J. G. Holt, Eds. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore
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J.-H. Becking, in Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, N. R. Krieg and J. G. Holt, Eds. (Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, 1984), vol. 11, pp. 311-321.
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(1984)
Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology
, vol.11
, pp. 311-321
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Becking, J.-H.1
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36
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3643071585
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note
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Reference strain of B. indica was obtained from ATCC (accession number 9039).
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37
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3643092431
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note
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We thank C. Flegler (Michigan State University Electron Microscope Center) for assistance with electron microscopy. Supported in part by the Russian Fund of Fundamental Research (grant 96-04-49321), by NSF (grants INT9315089 for Russian collaborative work and DEB9120006), and by the European Community RTD Programme in Biotechnology (grant EV5V-CT94-0499).
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