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BT) is the Hamaker constant appropriate to gold or silver metal (m) interacting through alkanses with the carbon substrate (s). r (2-3 nm) is the radius of the metal particle "core" and δ (1-2 nm) is the thickness of its adsorbed alkylthiol monolayer.
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Using the Langmuir equation for the net evaporation rate from a volatile bulk liquid film (see discussion, say, in Xia, T. K.; Landman, U. J. Chem. Phys. 1994, 101, 2498) leads to an estimate of about 1 ns for the time required for a R = 1 nm hole to open. However, one must be careful about using bulk viscosities and evaporation rates from films as thin as those in our system.
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3, where γ is the fluid viscosity. Equating this to the ratio of the hole size R divided by the time γ for filling this hole, and taking γ = 0.1 poise and t = R = 1 nm, we find τ on the order of a nanosecond, and hence comparable to the evaporation time estimated in ref 19.
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29
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85088669258
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7 for example, conclude that evaporation rates in their thin films are up to 100 times smaller than the corresponding bulk values.
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