Mechanism and kinetics of iodide-mediated polymerization of styrene

Macromolecules

Volumn 31, Issue 9, 1998, Pages 2809-2814

  Goto, Atsushi ^a   Ohno, Kohji ^a   Fukuda, Takeshi ^a  

^a KYOTO UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACTIVATION ENERGY; COMPOSITION EFFECTS; FREE RADICALS; GEL PERMEATION CHROMATOGRAPHY; INITIATORS (CHEMICAL); IODINE COMPOUNDS; PEROXIDES; POLYMERIZATION; REACTION KINETICS; THERMAL EFFECTS;

BENZOYL PEROXIDE; POLYDISPERSITY; POLYSTYRYL IODIDE;

POLYSTYRENES;

EID: 0032485706     PISSN: 00249297     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/ma9712007     Document Type: Article

References (51)

1. For recent reviews, see: (a) Moad, G.; Rizzardo, E.; Solomon, D. H. In Comprehensive Polymer Science; Eastmond, G. C., Ledwith, A., Russo, S., Sigwalt, P., Eds.: Pergamon: London, 1989; Vol. 3, p 141. (b) Georges, M. K.; Veregin, R. P. N.; Kazmaier, P. M.; Hamer, G. K. Trends Polym. Sci. 1994, 2, 66. (c) Matyjaszewski, K.; Gaynor, S.; Greszta, D.; Mardare, D.; Shigemoto, T. J. Phys. Org. Chem. 1995, 8, 306. (d) Moad, G.; Solomon, D. H. The Chemistry of Free Radical Polymerization; Pergamon: Oxford, U.K., 1995; p 335. (e) Davis, T. P.; Haddleton, D. M. In New Methods of Polymer Synthesis; Ebdon, J. R., Eastmond, G. C., Eds.; Blackie: Glasgow, U.K., 1995; Vol. 2, p 1. (f) Davis, T. P.; Kukulj, D.; Haddleton, D. M.; Maloney, D. R. Trends Polym. Sci. 1995, 3, 365. (g) Hawker, C. J. Trends Polym. Sci. 1996, 4, 183. (h) Sawamoto, M.; Kamigaito, M. Trends Polym. Sci. 1996, 4, 371. (i) Sawamoto, M.; Kamigaito, M. In Polymer Synthesis; Materials Science and Technology Series; VCH (in press). (j) Fukuda, T.; Goto, A.; Ohno, K.; Tsujii, Y. In Controlled Radical Polymerization; Matyjaszewski, K., Ed.; ACS Symposium Series No. 685; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1998; Chapter 11.
2. For recent reviews, see: (a) Moad, G.; Rizzardo, E.; Solomon, D. H. In Comprehensive Polymer Science; Eastmond, G. C., Ledwith, A., Russo, S., Sigwalt, P., Eds.: Pergamon: London, 1989; Vol. 3, p 141. (b) Georges, M. K.; Veregin, R. P. N.; Kazmaier, P. M.; Hamer, G. K. Trends Polym. Sci. 1994, 2, 66. (c) Matyjaszewski, K.; Gaynor, S.; Greszta, D.; Mardare, D.; Shigemoto, T. J. Phys. Org. Chem. 1995, 8, 306. (d) Moad, G.; Solomon, D. H. The Chemistry of Free Radical Polymerization; Pergamon: Oxford, U.K., 1995; p 335. (e) Davis, T. P.; Haddleton, D. M. In New Methods of Polymer Synthesis; Ebdon, J. R., Eastmond, G. C., Eds.; Blackie: Glasgow, U.K., 1995; Vol. 2, p 1. (f) Davis, T. P.; Kukulj, D.; Haddleton, D. M.; Maloney, D. R. Trends Polym. Sci. 1995, 3, 365. (g) Hawker, C. J. Trends Polym. Sci. 1996, 4, 183. (h) Sawamoto, M.; Kamigaito, M. Trends Polym. Sci. 1996, 4, 371. (i) Sawamoto, M.; Kamigaito, M. In Polymer Synthesis; Materials Science and Technology Series; VCH (in press). (j) Fukuda, T.; Goto, A.; Ohno, K.; Tsujii, Y. In Controlled Radical Polymerization; Matyjaszewski, K., Ed.; ACS Symposium Series No. 685; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1998; Chapter 11.
3. For recent reviews, see: (a) Moad, G.; Rizzardo, E.; Solomon, D. H. In Comprehensive Polymer Science; Eastmond, G. C., Ledwith, A., Russo, S., Sigwalt, P., Eds.: Pergamon: London, 1989; Vol. 3, p 141. (b) Georges, M. K.; Veregin, R. P. N.; Kazmaier, P. M.; Hamer, G. K. Trends Polym. Sci. 1994, 2, 66. (c) Matyjaszewski, K.; Gaynor, S.; Greszta, D.; Mardare, D.; Shigemoto, T. J. Phys. Org. Chem. 1995, 8, 306. (d) Moad, G.; Solomon, D. H. The Chemistry of Free Radical Polymerization; Pergamon: Oxford, U.K., 1995; p 335. (e) Davis, T. P.; Haddleton, D. M. In New Methods of Polymer Synthesis; Ebdon, J. R., Eastmond, G. C., Eds.; Blackie: Glasgow, U.K., 1995; Vol. 2, p 1. (f) Davis, T. P.; Kukulj, D.; Haddleton, D. M.; Maloney, D. R. Trends Polym. Sci. 1995, 3, 365. (g) Hawker, C. J. Trends Polym. Sci. 1996, 4, 183. (h) Sawamoto, M.; Kamigaito, M. Trends Polym. Sci. 1996, 4, 371. (i) Sawamoto, M.; Kamigaito, M. In Polymer Synthesis; Materials Science and Technology Series; VCH (in press). (j) Fukuda, T.; Goto, A.; Ohno, K.; Tsujii, Y. In Controlled Radical Polymerization; Matyjaszewski, K., Ed.; ACS Symposium Series No. 685; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1998; Chapter 11.
4. For recent reviews, see: (a) Moad, G.; Rizzardo, E.; Solomon, D. H. In Comprehensive Polymer Science; Eastmond, G. C., Ledwith, A., Russo, S., Sigwalt, P., Eds.: Pergamon: London, 1989; Vol. 3, p 141. (b) Georges, M. K.; Veregin, R. P. N.; Kazmaier, P. M.; Hamer, G. K. Trends Polym. Sci. 1994, 2, 66. (c) Matyjaszewski, K.; Gaynor, S.; Greszta, D.; Mardare, D.; Shigemoto, T. J. Phys. Org. Chem. 1995, 8, 306. (d) Moad, G.; Solomon, D. H. The Chemistry of Free Radical Polymerization; Pergamon: Oxford, U.K., 1995; p 335. (e) Davis, T. P.; Haddleton, D. M. In New Methods of Polymer Synthesis; Ebdon, J. R., Eastmond, G. C., Eds.; Blackie: Glasgow, U.K., 1995; Vol. 2, p 1. (f) Davis, T. P.; Kukulj, D.; Haddleton, D. M.; Maloney, D. R. Trends Polym. Sci. 1995, 3, 365. (g) Hawker, C. J. Trends Polym. Sci. 1996, 4, 183. (h) Sawamoto, M.; Kamigaito, M. Trends Polym. Sci. 1996, 4, 371. (i) Sawamoto, M.; Kamigaito, M. In Polymer Synthesis; Materials Science and Technology Series; VCH (in press). (j) Fukuda, T.; Goto, A.; Ohno, K.; Tsujii, Y. In Controlled Radical Polymerization; Matyjaszewski, K., Ed.; ACS Symposium Series No. 685; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1998; Chapter 11.
5. For recent reviews, see: (a) Moad, G.; Rizzardo, E.; Solomon, D. H. In Comprehensive Polymer Science; Eastmond, G. C., Ledwith, A., Russo, S., Sigwalt, P., Eds.: Pergamon: London, 1989; Vol. 3, p 141. (b) Georges, M. K.; Veregin, R. P. N.; Kazmaier, P. M.; Hamer, G. K. Trends Polym. Sci. 1994, 2, 66. (c) Matyjaszewski, K.; Gaynor, S.; Greszta, D.; Mardare, D.; Shigemoto, T. J. Phys. Org. Chem. 1995, 8, 306. (d) Moad, G.; Solomon, D. H. The Chemistry of Free Radical Polymerization; Pergamon: Oxford, U.K., 1995; p 335. (e) Davis, T. P.; Haddleton, D. M. In New Methods of Polymer Synthesis; Ebdon, J. R., Eastmond, G. C., Eds.; Blackie: Glasgow, U.K., 1995; Vol. 2, p 1. (f) Davis, T. P.; Kukulj, D.; Haddleton, D. M.; Maloney, D. R. Trends Polym. Sci. 1995, 3, 365. (g) Hawker, C. J. Trends Polym. Sci. 1996, 4, 183. (h) Sawamoto, M.; Kamigaito, M. Trends Polym. Sci. 1996, 4, 371. (i) Sawamoto, M.; Kamigaito, M. In Polymer Synthesis; Materials Science and Technology Series; VCH (in press). (j) Fukuda, T.; Goto, A.; Ohno, K.; Tsujii, Y. In Controlled Radical Polymerization; Matyjaszewski, K., Ed.; ACS Symposium Series No. 685; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1998; Chapter 11.
6. For recent reviews, see: (a) Moad, G.; Rizzardo, E.; Solomon, D. H. In Comprehensive Polymer Science; Eastmond, G. C., Ledwith, A., Russo, S., Sigwalt, P., Eds.: Pergamon: London, 1989; Vol. 3, p 141. (b) Georges, M. K.; Veregin, R. P. N.; Kazmaier, P. M.; Hamer, G. K. Trends Polym. Sci. 1994, 2, 66. (c) Matyjaszewski, K.; Gaynor, S.; Greszta, D.; Mardare, D.; Shigemoto, T. J. Phys. Org. Chem. 1995, 8, 306. (d) Moad, G.; Solomon, D. H. The Chemistry of Free Radical Polymerization; Pergamon: Oxford, U.K., 1995; p 335. (e) Davis, T. P.; Haddleton, D. M. In New Methods of Polymer Synthesis; Ebdon, J. R., Eastmond, G. C., Eds.; Blackie: Glasgow, U.K., 1995; Vol. 2, p 1. (f) Davis, T. P.; Kukulj, D.; Haddleton, D. M.; Maloney, D. R. Trends Polym. Sci. 1995, 3, 365. (g) Hawker, C. J. Trends Polym. Sci. 1996, 4, 183. (h) Sawamoto, M.; Kamigaito, M. Trends Polym. Sci. 1996, 4, 371. (i) Sawamoto, M.; Kamigaito, M. In Polymer Synthesis; Materials Science and Technology Series; VCH (in press). (j) Fukuda, T.; Goto, A.; Ohno, K.; Tsujii, Y. In Controlled Radical Polymerization; Matyjaszewski, K., Ed.; ACS Symposium Series No. 685; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1998; Chapter 11.
7. For recent reviews, see: (a) Moad, G.; Rizzardo, E.; Solomon, D. H. In Comprehensive Polymer Science; Eastmond, G. C., Ledwith, A., Russo, S., Sigwalt, P., Eds.: Pergamon: London, 1989; Vol. 3, p 141. (b) Georges, M. K.; Veregin, R. P. N.; Kazmaier, P. M.; Hamer, G. K. Trends Polym. Sci. 1994, 2, 66. (c) Matyjaszewski, K.; Gaynor, S.; Greszta, D.; Mardare, D.; Shigemoto, T. J. Phys. Org. Chem. 1995, 8, 306. (d) Moad, G.; Solomon, D. H. The Chemistry of Free Radical Polymerization; Pergamon: Oxford, U.K., 1995; p 335. (e) Davis, T. P.; Haddleton, D. M. In New Methods of Polymer Synthesis; Ebdon, J. R., Eastmond, G. C., Eds.; Blackie: Glasgow, U.K., 1995; Vol. 2, p 1. (f) Davis, T. P.; Kukulj, D.; Haddleton, D. M.; Maloney, D. R. Trends Polym. Sci. 1995, 3, 365. (g) Hawker, C. J. Trends Polym. Sci. 1996, 4, 183. (h) Sawamoto, M.; Kamigaito, M. Trends Polym. Sci. 1996, 4, 371. (i) Sawamoto, M.; Kamigaito, M. In Polymer Synthesis; Materials Science and Technology Series; VCH (in press). (j) Fukuda, T.; Goto, A.; Ohno, K.; Tsujii, Y. In Controlled Radical Polymerization; Matyjaszewski, K., Ed.; ACS Symposium Series No. 685; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1998; Chapter 11.
8. For recent reviews, see: (a) Moad, G.; Rizzardo, E.; Solomon, D. H. In Comprehensive Polymer Science; Eastmond, G. C., Ledwith, A., Russo, S., Sigwalt, P., Eds.: Pergamon: London, 1989; Vol. 3, p 141. (b) Georges, M. K.; Veregin, R. P. N.; Kazmaier, P. M.; Hamer, G. K. Trends Polym. Sci. 1994, 2, 66. (c) Matyjaszewski, K.; Gaynor, S.; Greszta, D.; Mardare, D.; Shigemoto, T. J. Phys. Org. Chem. 1995, 8, 306. (d) Moad, G.; Solomon, D. H. The Chemistry of Free Radical Polymerization; Pergamon: Oxford, U.K., 1995; p 335. (e) Davis, T. P.; Haddleton, D. M. In New Methods of Polymer Synthesis; Ebdon, J. R., Eastmond, G. C., Eds.; Blackie: Glasgow, U.K., 1995; Vol. 2, p 1. (f) Davis, T. P.; Kukulj, D.; Haddleton, D. M.; Maloney, D. R. Trends Polym. Sci. 1995, 3, 365. (g) Hawker, C. J. Trends Polym. Sci. 1996, 4, 183. (h) Sawamoto, M.; Kamigaito, M. Trends Polym. Sci. 1996, 4, 371. (i) Sawamoto, M.; Kamigaito, M. In Polymer Synthesis; Materials Science and Technology Series; VCH (in press). (j) Fukuda, T.; Goto, A.; Ohno, K.; Tsujii, Y. In Controlled Radical Polymerization; Matyjaszewski, K., Ed.; ACS Symposium Series No. 685; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1998; Chapter 11.
9. For recent reviews, see: (a) Moad, G.; Rizzardo, E.; Solomon, D. H. In Comprehensive Polymer Science; Eastmond, G. C., Ledwith, A., Russo, S., Sigwalt, P., Eds.: Pergamon: London, 1989; Vol. 3, p 141. (b) Georges, M. K.; Veregin, R. P. N.; Kazmaier, P. M.; Hamer, G. K. Trends Polym. Sci. 1994, 2, 66. (c) Matyjaszewski, K.; Gaynor, S.; Greszta, D.; Mardare, D.; Shigemoto, T. J. Phys. Org. Chem. 1995, 8, 306. (d) Moad, G.; Solomon, D. H. The Chemistry of Free Radical Polymerization; Pergamon: Oxford, U.K., 1995; p 335. (e) Davis, T. P.; Haddleton, D. M. In New Methods of Polymer Synthesis; Ebdon, J. R., Eastmond, G. C., Eds.; Blackie: Glasgow, U.K., 1995; Vol. 2, p 1. (f) Davis, T. P.; Kukulj, D.; Haddleton, D. M.; Maloney, D. R. Trends Polym. Sci. 1995, 3, 365. (g) Hawker, C. J. Trends Polym. Sci. 1996, 4, 183. (h) Sawamoto, M.; Kamigaito, M. Trends Polym. Sci. 1996, 4, 371. (i) Sawamoto, M.; Kamigaito, M. In Polymer Synthesis; Materials Science and Technology Series; VCH (in press). (j) Fukuda, T.; Goto, A.; Ohno, K.; Tsujii, Y. In Controlled Radical Polymerization; Matyjaszewski, K., Ed.; ACS Symposium Series No. 685; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1998; Chapter 11.
10. For recent reviews, see: (a) Moad, G.; Rizzardo, E.; Solomon, D. H. In Comprehensive Polymer Science; Eastmond, G. C., Ledwith, A., Russo, S., Sigwalt, P., Eds.: Pergamon: London, 1989; Vol. 3, p 141. (b) Georges, M. K.; Veregin, R. P. N.; Kazmaier, P. M.; Hamer, G. K. Trends Polym. Sci. 1994, 2, 66. (c) Matyjaszewski, K.; Gaynor, S.; Greszta, D.; Mardare, D.; Shigemoto, T. J. Phys. Org. Chem. 1995, 8, 306. (d) Moad, G.; Solomon, D. H. The Chemistry of Free Radical Polymerization; Pergamon: Oxford, U.K., 1995; p 335. (e) Davis, T. P.; Haddleton, D. M. In New Methods of Polymer Synthesis; Ebdon, J. R., Eastmond, G. C., Eds.; Blackie: Glasgow, U.K., 1995; Vol. 2, p 1. (f) Davis, T. P.; Kukulj, D.; Haddleton, D. M.; Maloney, D. R. Trends Polym. Sci. 1995, 3, 365. (g) Hawker, C. J. Trends Polym. Sci. 1996, 4, 183. (h) Sawamoto, M.; Kamigaito, M. Trends Polym. Sci. 1996, 4, 371. (i) Sawamoto, M.; Kamigaito, M. In Polymer Synthesis; Materials Science and Technology Series; VCH (in press). (j) Fukuda, T.; Goto, A.; Ohno, K.; Tsujii, Y. In Controlled Radical Polymerization; Matyjaszewski, K., Ed.; ACS Symposium Series No. 685; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1998; Chapter 11.
11. (a) Otsu, T.; Yoshida, M. Makromol. Chem., Rapid Commun. 1982, 3, 127.
12. (b) Doi, T.; Matsumoto, A.; Otsu, T. J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Chem. Ed. 1994, 32, 2911.
13. (a) Solomon, D. H.; Rizzardo, E.; Cacioli, P. Eur. Pat. Appl. 135280, 1985.
14. (b) Rizzardo, E. Chem. Aust. 1987, 54, 32.
15. (c) Moad, G.; Rizzardo, E. Macromolecules 1995, 28, 8722.
16. (a) Georges, M. K.; Veregin, R. P. N.; Kazmaier, P. M.; Hamer, G. K. Macromolecules 1993, 26, 2987.
17. (b) Odell, P. G.; Veregin, R. P. N.; Michalak, L. M.; Georges, M. K. Macromolecules 1997, 30, 2232.
18. (c) Hawker, C. J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 11185.
19. (d) Catala, J. M.; Bubel, F.; Hammouch, S. O. Macromolecules 1995, 28, 8441.
20. (e) Fukuda, T.; Terauchi, T.; Goto, A.; Tsujii, Y.; Miyamoto, T.; Shimizu, Y. Macromolecules 1996, 29, 3050.
21. (f) Puts, R. D.; Sogah, D. Y. Macromolecules 1996, 29, 3323.
22. (g) Greszta, D.; Matyjaszewski, K. Macromolecules 1996, 29, 7661.
23. (h) Howell, B. A.; Priddy, D. B.; Li, I. Q.; Smith, P. B.; Kastl, P. E. Polym. Bull. 1996, 37, 451.
24. Yutani, Y.; Tatemoto, M. Eur. Pat. Appl. 048937OA1, 1991.
25. (a) Kato, M.; Kamigaito, M.; Sawamoto, M.; Higashimura, T. Polym. Prepr., Jpn. 1994, 43, 255.
26. (b) Ueda, N.; Kamigaito, M.; Sawamoto, M. Polym. Prepr., Jpn. 1996, 45, 1267.
27. (a) Matyjaszewski, K.; Gaynor, S.; Wang, J.-S. Macromolecules 1995, 28, 2093.
28. (b) Gaynor, S.; Wang, J.-S.; Matyjaszewski, K. Macromolecules 1995, 28, 8051.
29. (a) Kato, M.; Kamigaito, M.; Sawamoto, M.; Higashimura, T. Macromolecules 1995, 28, 1721.
30. (b) Uegaki, H.; Kotani, Y.; Kamigaito, M.; Sawamoto, M. Macromolecules 1997, 30, 2249.
31. (a) Wang, J. S.; Matyjaszewski, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 5614.
32. (b) Grimaud, T.; Matyjaszewski, K. Macromolecules 1997, 30, 2216.
33. (a) Wayland, B. B.; Poszmik, G.; Mukerjee, S. L.; Fryd, M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 7943.
34. (b) Wayland, B. B.; Mukerjee, S.; Poszmik, G.; Woska, D. C.; Fryd, M. Polym. Prepr. (Am. Chem. Soc., Div. Polym. Chem.) 1997, 38 (1), 742.
35. Arvanitopoulos, L. D.; Grenel, M. P.; Harwood: H. J. Polym. Prepr. (Am. Chem. Soc., Div. Polym. Chem.) 1994, 35 (2), 549.
36. Kristina, J.; Moad, G.; Rizzardo, E.; Winzor, C. L. Macromolecules 1995, 28, 5381.
37. (a) Greszta, D.; Mardare, D.; Matyjaszewski, K. Macromolecules 1994, 27, 638.
38. (b) Matyjaszewski, K. Macromol. Symp. 1996, 111, 47.
39. Fukuda, T.; Terauchi, T.; Goto, A.; Ohno, K.; Tsujii, Y.; Miyamoto, T.; Kobatake, S.; Yamada, B. Macromolecules 1996, 29, 6393.
40. (a) Goto, A.; Fukuda, T. Macromolecules 1997, 30, 5183.
41. (b) Goto, A.; Terauchi, T.; Fukuda, T.; Miyamoto, T. Macromol. Rapid Commun. 1997, 18, 673.
42. (a) Goto, A.; Fukuda, T. Macromolecules 1997, 30, 4272.
43. (b) Fukuda, T.; Goto, A. Macromol. Rapid Commun. 1997, 18, 682.
44. B/2) = 0.98.
45. Hui, A. W.; Hamielec, A. E. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 1972, 16, 749.
46. Molnar, S. J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Chem. Ed. 1972, 10, 2245.
47. Gilbert, R. G. Pure Appl. Chem. 1996, 68, 1491.
48. Müller, A. H. E.; Zhuang, R.; Yan, D.; Litvinenko, G. Macromolecules 1995, 28, 4326.
49. The factor -2 appearing in eq 4 in ref 16b is a misprint for C - 2.
50. p] may not be so well met as the figure suggests.
51. n ratio.