7500 years of prehistoric footwear from Arnold Research Cave, Missouri

Science

Volumn 281, Issue 5373, 1998, Pages 72-75

  Kuttruff, Jenna T ^a   DeHart, S Gail ^a   O'Brien, Michael J ^b  

^a LOUISIANA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CARBON 14;

ECONOMIC HISTORY; HOLOCENE; MANUFACTURING; PREHISTORIC;

ARCHEOLOGY; ARTICLE; CALIBRATION; MASS SPECTROMETRY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SHOE; UNITED STATES;

UNITED STATES, MISSOURI;

EID: 0032479550     PISSN: 00368075     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1126/science.281.5373.72     Document Type: Article

References (28)

1. J. M. Shippee, Missouri Archaeological Society, Special Publication, No. 1 (1957); J. M. Shippee, Mo. Archaeol. 28, 1 (1966).
2. J. M. Shippee, Missouri Archaeological Society, Special Publication, No. 1 (1957); J. M. Shippee, Mo. Archaeol. 28, 1 (1966).
3. M. J. O'Brien and W. R. Wood, The Prehistory of Missouri (Univ. of Missouri Press, Columbia, MO, 1998).
4. A. E. Harvey, in Archaeological Textiles, P. L. Fiske, Ed. (Proceedings from the Irene Emery Roundtable on Museum Textiles, The Textile Museum, Washington, DC, 1974), pp. 133-140; A. E. Henning, Mo. Archaeol. 28, 41 (1966).
5. A. E. Harvey, in Archaeological Textiles, P. L. Fiske, Ed. (Proceedings from the Irene Emery Roundtable on Museum Textiles, The Textile Museum, Washington, DC, 1974), pp. 133-140; A. E. Henning, Mo. Archaeol. 28, 41 (1966).
6. S. G. DeHart, thesis, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA (1998).
7. A. C. Deegan, Kiva 59, 49 (1993); I. Emery, The Primary Structures of Fabrics: An Illustrated Classification (The Textile Museum, Washington, DC, 1980).
8. A. C. Deegan, Kiva 59, 49 (1993); I. Emery, The Primary Structures of Fabrics: An Illustrated Classification (The Textile Museum, Washington, DC, 1980).
9. M. R. Harrington, The Ozark Bluff-Dwellers (Museum of the American Indian, Heye Foundation, New York, 1960).
10. J. T. Kuttruff, Am. Antiq. 58, 125 (1993); J. T. Kuttruff, thesis, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH (1988).
11. J. T. Kuttruff, Am. Antiq. 58, 125 (1993); J. T. Kuttruff, thesis, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH (1988).
12. The attributes considered for the footwear were scale (numerical value: 1 for each five elements per square centimeter in the sole), patterning (1 for each structural technique plus 1 for each added surface technique), coloration (1 for each differentiated color). yarn (1 for each different yarn type, plus the average number of yarn components, plus values from 0 to 4 assigned for the average amount of yarn twist), and fiber (1 for each different fiber type used plus values from 1 to 4 assigned for the average amount of fiber preparation or processing).
13. S. C. Scholtz, Prehistoric Piles: A Structural and Comparative Analysis of Cordage, Netting, Basketry and Fabric from Ozark Bluff Shelters (Arkansas Archeological Research Series 9, Arkansas Archeological Survey, Fayetteville, AR, 1975).
14. K. J. Gremillion, K. Jakes, V. Wimberley, paper presented at the Kentucky Heritage Council Annual Meeting, Natural Bridge State Park, KY, 14 to 16 March 1997; M. E. King, in Archaeology of the Mammoth Cave Area, P. J. Watson, Ed. (Academic Press, New York, 1974), pp. 31-40; J. Miller, Southeast. Archaeol. 7, 132 (1988); W. Orchard, Sandals and Other Fabrics from Kentucky Caves (Indian Notes and Monographs 4, Museum of the American Indian, Heye Foundation, New York, 1920); P. J. Watson, Prehistory of Salts Cave, Kentucky (Reports of Investigations 16, Illinois State Museum, Springfield, IL, 1969).
15. K. J. Gremillion, K. Jakes, V. Wimberley, paper presented at the Kentucky Heritage Council Annual Meeting, Natural Bridge State Park, KY, 14 to 16 March 1997; M. E. King, in Archaeology of the Mammoth Cave Area, P. J. Watson, Ed. (Academic Press, New York, 1974), pp. 31-40; J. Miller, Southeast. Archaeol. 7, 132 (1988); W. Orchard, Sandals and Other Fabrics from Kentucky Caves (Indian Notes and Monographs 4, Museum of the American Indian, Heye Foundation, New York, 1920); P. J. Watson, Prehistory of Salts Cave, Kentucky (Reports of Investigations 16, Illinois State Museum, Springfield, IL, 1969).
16. K. J. Gremillion, K. Jakes, V. Wimberley, paper presented at the Kentucky Heritage Council Annual Meeting, Natural Bridge State Park, KY, 14 to 16 March 1997; M. E. King, in Archaeology of the Mammoth Cave Area, P. J. Watson, Ed. (Academic Press, New York, 1974), pp. 31-40; J. Miller, Southeast. Archaeol. 7, 132 (1988); W. Orchard, Sandals and Other Fabrics from Kentucky Caves (Indian Notes and Monographs 4, Museum of the American Indian, Heye Foundation, New York, 1920); P. J. Watson, Prehistory of Salts Cave, Kentucky (Reports of Investigations 16, Illinois State Museum, Springfield, IL, 1969).
17. K. J. Gremillion, K. Jakes, V. Wimberley, paper presented at the Kentucky Heritage Council Annual Meeting, Natural Bridge State Park, KY, 14 to 16 March 1997; M. E. King, in Archaeology of the Mammoth Cave Area, P. J. Watson, Ed. (Academic Press, New York, 1974), pp. 31-40; J. Miller, Southeast. Archaeol. 7, 132 (1988); W. Orchard, Sandals and Other Fabrics from Kentucky Caves (Indian Notes and Monographs 4, Museum of the American Indian, Heye Foundation, New York, 1920); P. J. Watson, Prehistory of Salts Cave, Kentucky (Reports of Investigations 16, Illinois State Museum, Springfield, IL, 1969).
18. K. J. Gremillion, K. Jakes, V. Wimberley, paper presented at the Kentucky Heritage Council Annual Meeting, Natural Bridge State Park, KY, 14 to 16 March 1997; M. E. King, in Archaeology of the Mammoth Cave Area, P. J. Watson, Ed. (Academic Press, New York, 1974), pp. 31-40; J. Miller, Southeast. Archaeol. 7, 132 (1988); W. Orchard, Sandals and Other Fabrics from Kentucky Caves (Indian Notes and Monographs 4, Museum of the American Indian, Heye Foundation, New York, 1920); P. J. Watson, Prehistory of Salts Cave, Kentucky (Reports of Investigations 16, Illinois State Museum, Springfield, IL, 1969).
19. K. Kankainen, Ed., Treading In the Past: Sandals of the Anasazi (Utah Museum of Natural History and the Univ. of Utah Press, Salt Lake City, UT, 1995).
20. M. B. Collins, Test Excavations at Amistad International Reservoir Fall, 1967 (Papers of the Texas Archaeological Salvage Project 16, Austin, TX, 1969); J. A. Word and C. L. Douglas, Excavations at Baker Cave, Val Verde County, Texas (Bulletin 16, Texas Memorial Museum, Austin, TX, 1970).
21. M. B. Collins, Test Excavations at Amistad International Reservoir Fall, 1967 (Papers of the Texas Archaeological Salvage Project 16, Austin, TX, 1969); J. A. Word and C. L. Douglas, Excavations at Baker Cave, Val Verde County, Texas (Bulletin 16, Texas Memorial Museum, Austin, TX, 1970).
22. N. J. Hewitt, in Cowboy Cave, J. Jennings, Ed. (Anthropological Papers 10, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 1980), pp. 49-74.
23. S. F. Bedwell, Fort Rock Basin, Prehistory and Environment (Univ. of Oregon Books, Eugene, OR, 1973).
24. L. S. Cressman, Southwest. J. Anthropol. 7, 289 (1951); L. S. Cressman, Prehistory of the Far West Homes of Vanished Peoples (Univ. of Utah Press, Salt Lake City, UT, 1977).
25. L. S. Cressman, Southwest. J. Anthropol. 7, 289 (1951); L. S. Cressman, Prehistory of the Far West Homes of Vanished Peoples (Univ. of Utah Press, Salt Lake City, UT, 1977).
26. P. R. Geib, Utah Archaeol. 9, 35 (1996).
27. The Pretoria calibration procedure program by Beta Analytic, Inc. was used.
28. We thank D. Glover for technical assistance, C. White for photography, M. Standifer for fiber identification, E. J. O'Brien for editorial advice, and R. L. Lyman for references. Funding for AMS dating was provided by the College of Arts and Science, University of Missouri-Columbia.