Climatic reconstruction of the Weichselian Pleniglacial in northwestern and central Europe

Journal of Quaternary Science

Volumn 13, Issue 5, 1998, Pages 391-417

  Huijzer, Bert ^a   Vandenberghe, Jef ^a  

^a VU UNIVERSITY AMSTERDAM   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

Palaeoclimate; Periglacial; Pleniglacial; Weichselian

Indexed keywords

PALEOBOTANY; PALEOCLIMATE; PERIGLACIAL ENVIRONMENT; PROXY CLIMATE RECORD;

EUROPE;

EID: 0032469833     PISSN: 02678179     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1417(1998090)13:5<391::AID-JQS397>3.0.CO;2-6     Document Type: Article

References (178)

1. AARIS-SØRENSEN, K., PETERSEN, K. S. and TAUBER, H. 1990. Danish finds of Mammoth (Mammuthus primigenius (Blumenbach)). Stratigraphical position, dating and evidence of Late Pleistocene environment. Danmarks Geologiske Undersøgelse, Series B, 14, 3-44.
2. ANTOINE, P. 1990. Chronostratigraphie et environment du Paléolithique du bassin de la Somme. Publications du CERP no. 2. Centre d'Etudes et de Recherches Préhistorique Université des Sciences et Techniques de Lille Flandres-Artois, 233 pp.
3. ATKINSON, T., BRIFFA, K. and COOPE, G. R. 1987. Seasonal temperatures during the past 22,000 years in Britain, reconstructed using beetle remains. Nature, 325, 587-591.
4. BEHRE, K.-E. 1989. Biostratigraphy of the last glacial period in Europe. Quaternary Science Reviews, 8, 25-44.
5. BENNIKE, O., HOUMARK-NIELSEN, M., BÖRCHER, J. and HEIBERG, E. O. 1994. A multi-disciplinary macrofossil study of Middle Weichselian sediments at Kobbelgård, Møn, Denmark. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 111, 1-15.
6. BLOOM, A. L. and YONEKURA, N. 1985. Coastal terraces generated by sea-level change and tectonic uplift. IN: Woldenberg, M. J. (ed), Models in Geomorphology, 139-154. Allen and Unwin Inc., Winchester, MA.
7. 234U dates from the Huon Peninsula, New Guinea. Quaternary Research, 4, 185-205.
8. BÖSE, M. 1992. Late Pleistocene sand wedge formation in the hinterland of the Brandenburg stade. Sveriges Geologiska Undersökning, Series Ca, 81, 59-63.
9. BOWEN, D. Q., ROSE, J., McCABE, A. M. and SUTHERLAND, D. G. 1986. Correlation of Quaternary glaciations in England, Ireland, Scotland and Wales. Quaternary Science Reviews, 5, 299-340.
10. BRAUKÄMPER, K. 1990. Zur Verbreitung periglazialer Deckschichten in Deutschland. Dissertation Fakultät für Geowissenschaften., Ruhr-Universität, Bochum, 156 pp.
11. BRIGGS, D. J., COOPE, G. R. and GILBERTSON, D. D. 1985. The Chronology and Environmental Framework of Early Man in the Upper Thames valley. British Archaeological Reports, Vol. 137, Oxford.
12. BRINKKEMPER, O., VAN GEEL, B. and WIEGERS, J. 1987. Palaeoecological study of a Middle-Pleniglacial deposit from Tilligte, The Netherlands. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 51, 235-269.
13. BURLEIGH, R., AMBERS, J. and MATTHEWS, K. 1982. British Museum natural radiocarbon measurements XV. Radiocarbon, 24, 262-290.
14. CAPPERS, R., BOSCH, BOTTEMA, S., COOPE, G. R., VAN GEEL, B., MOOK-KAMPS, E. and WOLDRING, H. 1993. De reconstructie van het landschap. IN: van der Sanden, W. A. B., Cappers, W. T. J., Beuker, J. R. and Mol, D. (eds), Mens en Mammoet, 27-41. Drents Museum Assen.
15. CATT, J. 1977. Loess and coversands. IN: Shotton, F. W. (ed.) British Quaternary Studies, Recent Advances, 221-230. Clarendon Press, Oxford.
16. CHRISTIANSEN, H. H. and SVENSSON, H. 1998. Windpolished boulders as indicators of a Late Weichselian wind regime in Denmark in relation to neighbouring areas. Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, 9, 1-21.
17. CONNELL, E. R. and HALL, A. M. 1987. The periglacial history of Buchan, north east Scotland. In: Boardman, J. (ed), Periglacial Processes and Landforms in Britain and Ireland. 277-285, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
18. COOPE, G. R. 1962. A Pleistocene coleopterous fauna with arctic affinities from Fladbury, Worcestershire. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society, London, 118, 103-123.
19. COOPE, G. R. 1968a. An insect fauna from the mid-Weichselian deposits at Brandon, Warwickshire. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B, 254, 425-456.
20. COOPE, G. R. 1968b. Coleoptera from the "Arctic Bed" at Barnwell Station, Cambridge. Geological Magazine, 105, 482-486.
21. COOPE, G. R. 1969. Insect remains from Mid-Weichselian deposits at Peelo, Netherlands. Mededelingen Rijks Geologische Dienst, 20, 1-5.
22. COOPE, G. R. 1977. Fossil coleopteran assemblages as sensitive indicators of climatic changes during the Devensian (Last) cold stage. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, B, 280, 313-340.
23. COOPE, G. R. 1982. Coleoptera from the two Late Devensian sites in the Lower Colne Valley, West London, England. Quaternary Newsletter, 38, 1-6.
24. COOPE, G. R. 1987. Fossil beetle assemblages as evidence for sudden and intense climatic changes in the British Isles during the last 45,000 years. IN: Berger, W. H. and Labeyrie, L. D. (eds), Abrupt Climatic Changes, 147-150. Reidel, Dordrecht.
25. COOPE, G. R. and ANGUS, R. B. 1975. An ecological study of a temperate interlude in the Middle of the last glaciation based on fossil Coleoptera from Isleworth, Middlesex. Journal of Animal Ecology, 44, 365-391.
26. COOPE, G. R. and BROPHY, J. A. 1972. Late Glacial environmental changes indicated by a coleopteran succession from North Wales. Boreas, 1, 97-142.
27. COOPE, G. R. and SANDS, C. H. S. 1966. Insect fauna from the last glaciation from the Tame valley, Warwickshire. Proceedings Royal Society London, Series B, 165, 389-412.
28. COOPE, G. R., SHOTTON, F. W. and STRACHAN, I. 1961. A late Pleistocene flora and fauna from Upton Warren, Worcestershire. Philosophical Transactions Royal Society, Series B, 244, 379-421.
29. COOPE, G. R., GIBBARD, P. L., HALL, A. R., PREECE, R. C., ROBINSON, E. J. and SUTCLIFFE, A. J. 1997. Climatic and environmental reconstructions based on fossil assemblages from Middle Devensian (Weichselian) deposits of the River Thames at South Kensington, Central London, UK. Quaternary Science Reviews, 16, 1163-1195.
30. DEBENHAM, N. C. 1993. A short note on thermoluminescence dating of sediments from the Palaeolithic site Maastricht-Belvédère. Mededelingen Rijks Geologische Dienst, 47, 45-46.
31. DE GANS, W. 1981. The Drentsche Aa valley system. PhD thesis, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, 132pp.
32. DE MOOR, G. 1975. De afzettingen van Dendermonde en haar betekenis voor de jong-kwartaire evolutie van de Vlaamse Vallei. Natuurwetenschappelijk Tijdschrift, 56, 45-75.
33. DE MOOR, G. 1981. Periglacial deposits and sedimentary structures in the Upper Pleistocene infilling of the Flemish Valley (N.W. Belgium). Biuletyn Periglacjalny, 28, 277-290.
34. DE MOOR, G., HEYSE, I. and DE GROOTE, V. 1978. An outcrop of Eemian and Early Weichselian deposits at Beernem (N.W. Belgium). Bulletin Société belge de Géologie, 87, 27-36.
35. DE MULDER, E. F. J. (undated). Geologisch onderzoek in de bouwput te Den Helder. Intern Verslag Rijks Geologische Dienst, Vol. 1, Haarlem, 23 pp.
36. DRESSER, P. Q. and McAULAY, I. R. 1974. Dublin radiocarbon dates II. Radiocarbon, 16, 6-9.
37. EHLERS, J. and WINGFIELD, R. 1991. The extension of the Late Weichselian/Late Devensian ice sheets in the North Sea Basin. Journal of Quaternary Science, 6, 313-326.
38. EISSMANN, L. 1986. Quartärgeologie und Geschiebeforschung im Leipziger Land mit einigen Schlussfolgerungen zu Stratigraphie und Vereisungsablauf im Norddeutschen Tiefland. Altenburger naturwissenschaftliche Forschungen, 3, 105-135.
39. FAIRBRIDGE, R. G. 1989. A 17,000-year glacio-eustatic sea level record: influence of glacial melting rates on the Younger Dryas event and deep-ocean circulation. Nature, 342, 637-642.
40. GAUNT, G. D., COOPE, G. R. and FRANKS, J. W. 1970. Quaternary deposits at Oxbow opencast Coal Site in the Aire Valley, Yorkshire. Proceedings Yorkshire Geological Society, 38, 176-200.
41. GAUTIER, A. 1974. Fossiele vliegenmaden (Protophormia terraenovae Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830) in een schedel van de wolharige neushoorn (Coelodonta antiquitatis) uit het Onder-Würm te Dendermonde (Oost-Vlaanderen, België). Natuurwetenschappelijk Tijdschrift, 56, 76-84.
42. GAUTIER, A. and SCHUMANN, H. 1973. Puparia of the subarctic or black blowfly Protophormia terraenovae (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830) in a skull of a late Eemian (?) bison at Zemst, Brabant (Belgium). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 14, 119-125.
43. GEMMEL, A. M. D. and RALSTON, I. B. M. 1984. Some recent discoveries of ice-wedge cast networks in north-east Scotland. Scottish Journal of Geology, 20, 115-118.
44. GIBBARD, P. L., COOPE, G. R., HALL, A. R., PREECE, R. C. and ROBINSON, J. E. 1981. Middle Devensian deposits beneath the 'Upper Floodplain Terrace of the River Thames at Kempton Park, Sunbury, England. Proceedings Geologists Association, 93, 275-289.
45. GIRLING, M. A. 1974. Evidence from Lincolnshire of the age and intensity of the Mid-Devensian temperate episode. Nature, 250, 270.
46. GIRLING, M. A. 1977. Tattershall Castle and Kirby-on-Bain. IN: Catt, J. A. (ed.), Guidebook for Excursion C7. Yorkshire and Lincolnshire, 19-21. INQUA X Congress, United Kingdom, Geo Abstracts for International Union for Quaternary Research, Norwich.
47. GLATTHAAR, D. and LIEDTKE, H. 1986. Kaltzeitliche abluale Aufschüttungen in der Dümmerniederung. Neues Jahrbuch Geologie und Paläontologie Monatshefte, 1986-3, 157-164.
48. GOŹDZIK, J. S. 1973. Geneza i propozycja stratygraficza struktur peryglacjalnych w srodkowej Polsce. Acta Geographica Lodziensia, 31, 1-117.
49. GOŹDZIK, J. S. 1986. Structures de fentes à remplissage primaire sableux du Vistulien en Pologne et leur importance paléogéographique. Biuletyn Periglacjalny, 31, 71-105.
50. GOZDZIK, J. S. 1990. Etudes des Fentes de Gel en Pologne Centrale. In: Role de la Morphogenèse Périglaciaire sur le Plateau de Lodz. Colloque polono-français, Lodz 29.V.-2.V1. 38-75.
51. GREIG, D. C. 1981. Ice-wedge cast network in eastern Berwickshire. Scottish Journal Geology, 17, 119-122.
52. GUIOT, J., DE BEAULIEU, J. L., CHEDDADI, R., DAVID, F., PONEL, P. and REILLE, M. 1993. The climate in Western Europe during the last Glacial/Interglacial cycle derived from pollen and insect remains. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 103, 73-93.
53. GULLENTOPS, F. About climate of the last glaciation in NW-Europe. Symposium 'Quaternary Climatic Variations' Université Catholique de Louvain, 5 p.
54. GULLENTOPS, F., PAULISSEN, E. and VANDENBERHE, J. 1981. Fossil periglacial phenomena in NE-Belgium (excursions in the Kempen on 26 and 27 September 1978). Biuletyn Periglacjalny, 28, 345-365.
55. HAESAERTS, P. 1985. Les loess du Pléistocène Supérieur en Belgique; comparaisons avec les séquences d'Europe Centrale. Bulletin de l'Association Française pour l'Etude du Quaternaire, 2/3, 105-115.
56. HAESAERTS, P. and VAN VLIET-LANOË, B. 1974. Compte rendu de l'excursion du 25 mai 1974 consacrée à la stratigraphie des limons aux environs de Mons. Annales Société Géologique de Belgique, 97, 547-560.
57. HAESAERTS, P. and VAN VLIET-LANOË, B. 1981. Phénomènes périglaciares et sols fossiles observés à Maisières-Canal, à Harmignies et à Rocourt. Biuletyn Periglacjalny, 28, 291-324.
58. HAESAERTS, P., JUVIGNÉ, E., KUYL, O. S., MUCHER, H. J. and ROEBROEKS, W. 1981. Compte rendu de l'excursion du juin 13 1981, en Hesbaye et au Limbourg néerlandais, consacrée à la chronostratigraphie des loess du Pléistocène supérieur. Annales Société Géologique de Belgique, 104, 223-240.
59. HAEST, R., MUNAUT, A. V., HUYSMANS, L., GULLENTOPS, F. and MOOK, W. 1986. La stratigraphie de Beerse-Dam (Belgique). Bulletin de l'Association Française pour l'Etude du Quaternaire, 1/2, 158-167.
60. HELLUIN, M., LAUTRIDOU, J.-P. and OZOUF, J. C. 1977. Loess et fentes de gel de la briqueterie de Glos près de Lisieux (Calvados). Bulletin Société Limnologique de Normandie, 105, 45-56.
61. HOEK, W. 1997. Atlas to Palaeogeography of Lateglacial vegetations. PhD Thesis, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 165 pp.
62. HOUMARK-NIELSEN, M. 1987. Pleistocene stratigraphy and glacial history of the central part of Denmark. Bulletin Geological Society of Denmark, 36, 1-189.
63. HOUMARK-NIELSEN, M. 1989. The last interglacial/glacial cycle in Denmark. Quaternary International, 3/4, 31-39.
64. HUIJZER, A. S. 1993. Cryogenic microfabrics and macrostructures: interrelations, processes and paleoclimatic significance. PhD thesis, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, 245 pp.
65. HUIJZER, A. S. and ISARIN, R. 1997. The multi-proxy approach to the reconstruction of past climates with an example of the Weichselian Pleniglacial in northwestern and central Europe. Quaternary Science Reviews, 16, 513-533.
66. ISARIN, R., RENSSEN, H. and KOSTER, E. 1997. Surface wind climate during the Younger Dryas in Europe as inferred from aeolian records and model simulations. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 134, 127-148.
67. ISARIN, R. and BOHNCKE, S. in press. Summer temperatures during the Younger Dryas in northwestern and central Europe inferred from climate indicator plant species. Quaternary Research, • •
68. JOHNSEN, S., CLAUSEN, H. and DANSGAARD, W. 1992. Irregular glacial interstadials recorded in a new Greenland ice core. Nature, 359, 311-313.
69. JOHN, B. S. 1973. Vistulian periglacial phenomena in south-west Wales. Biuletyn Periglacjalny, 22, 185-213.
70. JØRGENSEN, M. 1988. TL-dated Weichselian deflation surfaces from northern Jutland, Denmark. Norsk Geografisk Tidsskrift, 42, 225-229.
71. KAISER, K. 1960. Klimazeugen des periglazialen Dauerfrostbodens in Mittel-und West-Europa. Eiszeitalter und Gegenwart, 11, 121-141.
72. KASSE, C. 1997. Cold-climate aeolian sand-sheet formation in north-western Europe (c. 14-12.4 ka): a response to permafrost degradation and increased aridity. Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, 8, 295-311.
73. KASSE, C. and BOHNCKE, S. 1992. Weichselian Upper Pleniglacial aeolian and ice-cored morphology in the southern Netherlands (Noord-Brabant, Groote Peel). Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, 3, 327-342.
74. KASSE, C., BOHNCKE, S. and VANDENBERGHE, J. 1995. Fluvial periglacial environments, climate and vegetation during the Middle Pleniglacial with special reference to the Hengelo Interstadial. Mededelingen Rijks Geologische Dienst, 52, 387-414.
75. KASSE, C., HUIJZER, A. S., KRZYSZKOWSKI, D., BOHNCKE, S. J. P. and COOPE, G. R. 1998. Weichselian Late Pleniglacial and Late-glacial depositional environments, Coleoptera and periglacial climatic records from central Poland (Bełchatów). Journal of Quaternary Science, 13, 455-469.
76. KOLSTRUP, E. 1980. Climate and stratigraphy in North-western Europe between 30.000 B.P. and 13.000 B.P. with special reference to the Netherlands. Mededelingen Rijks Geologische Dienst, 32-15, 181-253.
77. KOLSTRUP, E. 1983. Cover sands in southern Jutland (Denmark). Proceedings Fourth International Conference on Permafrost, Fairbanks, Alaska, 639-644, National Academy Press, Washington, DC.
78. KOLSTRUP, E. 1987. Frost wedge casts in western Jutland and their possible implications for European periglacial research. Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie, 31, 449-461.
79. KOLSTRUP, E. and MEJDAHL, V. 1986. Three frost wedge casts from Jutland (Denmark) and TL dating of their fill. Boreas, 15, 311-321.
80. KOLSTRUP, E. and WIJMSTRA, T. A. 1977. A palynological investigation of the Moershoofd, Hengelo, and Denekamp Interstadials in The Netherlands. Geologie en Mijnbouw, 56, 85-102.
81. KOZARSKI, S. 1974. Evidences of Late-Würm permafrost occurrences in North-West Poland. Quaestiones Geographicae, 1, 65-86.
82. KOZARSKI, S. 1988. Time and dynamics of the last scandinavian ice-sheet retreat from north-western Poland. Geographia Polonica, 55, 91-101.
83. KOZARSKI, S. 1992. Lithostratigraphy of Upper Plenivistulian deposits in the Great Polish Lowland within the area of the last glaciation. Sveriges Geologiska Undersökning, Series Ca, 81, 157-162.
84. KOZARSKI, S. 1993. Late Plenivistulian deglaciation and the expansion of the periglacial zone in NW Poland. Geologie en Mijnbouw, 72, 143-157.
85. KRZYSZKOWSKI, D., BALWIERZ, Z. and PYSZYNSKI, W. 1993. Aspects of Weichselian Middle Pleniglacial stratigraphy and vegetation in central Poland. Geologie en Mijnbouw, 72, 131-142.
86. KÜTTEL, M., LÖSCHER, M. and HÖLZER, A. 1986. Ergebnisse paläobotanischer Untersuchungen zur Stratigraphie und Ökologie des Würms im Oberrheingraben zwischen Karlsruhe und Mannheim. Eiszeitalter und Gegenwart, 36, 75-88.
87. LAUTRIDOU, J. P. 1985. Le cycle periglaciaire Pleistocene en Europe du nord-ouest et plus particulièrement en Normandie. These, Centre de Géomorphologie, Université de Caen, 908 pp.
88. LAUTRIDOU, J. P. and SOMMÉ, J. 1981. L'extension des niveaux-repères périglaciaires à grandes fentes de gel de la stratigraphie du Pléistocène récent dans la France du Nord-Ouest. Biuletyn Periglacjalny, 28, 179-185.
89. LAWSON, T. J. 1984. Reindeer in the Scottish Quaternary. Quaternary Newsletter, 42, 1-7.
90. LEWIS, C. A. 1977. Ice-wedge casts in north east County Wicklow. Scientific Proceedings Royal Dublin Society, 6A, 17-35.
91. LEWIS, C. A. 1979. Periglacial wedge-casts and patterned ground in the midlands of Ireland. Irish Geography, 12, 10-24.
92. LIEDTKE, H. 1975. Die nordischen Vereisungen in Mitteleuropa. Erläuterungen zu einer farbigen Übersichtskarte 1:100.000. Forschungen deutschen Landeskunde, 204, Bonn, Bad Godesberg, 160 pp.
93. LONG, D., LABAN, C., STREIF, H., CAMERON, T. D. J. and SCHÜTTENHELM, R. T. E. 1988. The sedimentary record of climatic variation in the southern North Sea. Philosophical Transactions Royal Society of London, Series B, 318, 523-537.
94. LÖSCHER, M., BECKER, B., BRUNS, M., HIERONYMUS, U., MÄUSBACHER, R., MÜNNICH, M., MÜNZING, K. and SCHEDLER, J. 1980. Neue Ergebnisse über das Jungquartär im Neckarschwemmfächer bei Heidelberg. Eiszeitalter und Gegenwart, 30, 89-100.
95. LÖSCHER, M., CORDES-HIERONYMUS, U. and SCHLOSS, S. 1983. Holozäne und jungpleistozäne Sedimente im Oberrheingraben bei Heidelberg. Geologisches Jahrbuch, Series A, 71, 61-72.
96. LOWE, J. J., AMMANN, B., BIRKS, H. H., BJÖRCK, S., COOPE, G. R., CWYNAR, L., DE BEAULIEU, J.-L., MOTT, R. J., PETEET, D. M. and WALKER, M. J. C. 1994. Climate changes in areas adjacent to the North Atlantic during the last glacial-interglacial transition (14-9 ka BP): a contribution to IGCP-253. Journal of Quaternary Science, 9, 185-198.
97. MAARLEVELD, G. C. 1960. Wind directions and cover sands in the Netherlands. Biuletyn Periglacjalny, 8, 49-58.
98. MAARLEVELD, G. C. 1976. Periglacial phenomena and the mean annual air temperature during the last glacial time in The Netherlands. Biuletyn Periglacjalny, 26, 57-78.
99. MAARLEVELD, G. C. 1989. Note on the geocryological palaeoclimatic reconstruction of the time between 30,000 B.P. and 10,000 B.P. in the central part of The Netherlands. Review Palaeobotany and Palynology, 60, 122-126.
100. MADDY, D., LEWIS, S. G., SCAIFE, R. G., et al. 1998. The Upper Pleistocene deposits at Cassington near Oxford. Journal of Quaternary Science, 13, 205-232.
101. MAIZELS, J. K. 1986. The frequency of relic frost-fissures structures and prediction of polygon patterns: a quantitative approach. Biuletyn Periglacjalny, 30, 67-89.
102. MANGERUD, J. 1991. The Scandinavian Ice Sheet through the last interglacial/glacial cycle. IN: Frenzel, B. (ed.), Klimageschichtliche Probleme der letzten 130000 Jahre, 307-330. Fischer, Stuttgart.
103. MARTINSON, D. G., PISIAS, N. G., HAYS, J. D., IMBRIE, J., MOORE, T. C. and SCHACKLETON, N. J. 1987. Age dating and the orbital theory of the ice ages: development of a high-resolution 0 to 300,000-year chronostratigraphy. Quaternary Research, 27, 1-29.
104. McCABE, A. M. 1987. Quaternary deposits and glacial stratigraphy in Ireland. Quaternary Science Reviews, 6, 259-299.
105. MEYER, H. H. 1981. Zur klamstratigraphischen und morphogenetischen Ausertbarkeit von Flugdecksandprofilen im norddeutschen Altmoränengebiet - erläutert an Beispiele aus der Kellenberg-Endmoräne. Bochumer Geographische Arbeiten, 40, 21-30.
106. MOL, J. 1997a. Fluvial response to Weichselian climate changes in the Niederlausitz (Germany). Journal of Quaternary Science 12, 43-60.
107. MOL, J. 1997b. Fluvial response to climate variations: the last glaciation in eastern Germany. PhD thesis, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, 100 pp.
108. MOL, J., VANDENBERGHE, J., KASSE, C. and STEL, H. 1993. Periglacial microjointing and faulting in Weichselian fluvioaeolian deposits. Journal of Quaternary Science, 8, 15-30.
109. MORGAN, A. 1973a. Late Pleistocene environmental changes indicated by fossil insect faunas of the English Midlands. Boreas, 2, 173-212.
110. MORGAN, A. 1973b. The Pleistocene geology of the area north and west of Wolverhampton, Staffordshire, England. Philosophical Transactions Royal Society London, Series B., 265, 233-297.
111. MÜCHER, H. and DE PLOEY, J. 1984. Formation of afterflow silt loam deposits and structural modification due to drying under warm conditions: an experimental and micromorphological approach. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 9, 523-531.
112. MURRAY, N. A., BONSALL, C., SUTHERLAND, D. G., LAWSON, T. J. and KITCHENER, A. C. 1993. Further radiocarbon determinations on reindeer remains of Middle and Late Devensian age from the Creag Nan Uamh Caves, Assynt, NW Scotland. Quaternary Newsletter, 70, 1-10.
113. ODGAARD, B. V. 1982. A Middle Weichselian moss assemblage from Hirtshals, Denmark, and some remarks on the environment 47,000 B.P. Danmarks geologiske Undersøgelse, Årbog, 1981, 5-45.
114. PAEPE, R. 1969. Les unites litho-stratigraphiques du Pleistocene Superieur de la Belgique. IN: La Stratigraphie des loess d'Europe, 45-51. Supplement Bulletin de l'Association Française pour l'Etude du Quarternaire, Paris.
115. PAEPE, R. and VANHOORNE, R. 1967. The stratigraphy and palaeobotany of the Late Pleistocene in Belgium. Mèmoires Explicatifs Cartes Géologiques de la Belgique, 8, 96 pp.
116. PENNY, L. F., COOPE, G. R. and CATT, J. A. 1969. Age and insect fauna of the Dimlington silts, East Yorkshire. Nature, 224, 65-67.
117. PETERSEN, K. S. and KRONBORG, C. 1991. Late Pleistocene history of the inland glaciation in Denmark. IN: Frenzel, B. (ed.), Klimageschichtliche Probleme der letzten 130000 Jahre, 331-342. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart.
118. PISSART, A. 1987. Weichselian periglacial structures and their environmental significance: Belgium, The Netherlands and northern France. IN: Boardman, J. (ed.), Periglacial Processes and Landforms in Britain and Ireland, 77-85. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
119. PONEL, P. 1994. Les fluctuations climatiques au Pléniglacial würmien déduites des assemblages d'Arthropodes fossiles à la Grande Pile (Haute-Saône, France). Comptes-Rendus de l' Académie des Sciences de Paris, 319, 845-852.
120. RAN, E. T. H. 1990. Dynamics of vegetation and environment during the Middle Pleniglacial in the Dinkel Valley (The Netherlands). Mededelingen Rijks Geologische Dienst, 44-3, 139-205.
121. RAN, E. T. H. and VAN HUISSTEDEN, J. 1990. The Dinkel Valley in the Middle Pleniglacial: dynamics of a tundra river system. Mededelingen Rijks Geologische Dienst, 44-3, 209-220.
122. RAN, E.T.H., BOHNCKE, S. J. P., VAN HUISSTEDEN, K. J. and VANDENBERGHE, J. 1990. Evidence of episodic permafrost conditions during the Weichselian Middle Pleniglacial in the Hengelo Basin (The Netherlands). Geologie en Mijnbouw, 69, 207-218.
123. ROHDENBURG, H. 1967. Eiskeilhorizonte in südniedersächsischen und nordhessichen Lössprofilen. Biuletyn Periglacjalny, 15, 225-245.
124. ROHDENBURG, H. and MEYER, B. 1979. Zur Feinstratigraphie und Paläopedologie des Jungpleistozäns nach Untersuchungen an südniedersäschischen und nordhessischen Lössprofilen. Landschaftgenese und Landschaftsökologie, 3 (Braunschweig), 1-89.
125. ROMANOVSKIJ, N.N. 1985. Distribution of recently active ice and soil wedges in the USSR. IN: Church, M. and Slaymaker, O. (eds), Field and Theory: Lectures in Geocryology, 154-165. University of British Columbia Press, Vancouver.
126. ROSE, J. 1985. The Dimlington Stadial/Dimlington Chronozone: a proposal for naming the main glacial episode of the Late Devensian in Britain. Boreas, 14, 225-230.
127. ROWLANDS, B. M. 1971. Radiocarbon evidence of the age of an Irish sea glaciation in the Vale of Clwyd. Nature, 230, 9-11.
128. ROZYCKI, S. Z. 1972. Plejstocen Polski srodkowej. PWN, Warszawa 315 p.
129. RUDDIMAN, W. and McINTYRE, A. 1987. The North Atlantic Ocean during the last deglaciation. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 35, 119-134.
130. RUEGG, G. H. J. 1975. Sedimentary structures and depositional environments of Middle-and Upper-Pleistocene glacial time deposits from an excavation at Peelo, near Assen, The Netherlands. Mededelingen Rijks Geologische Dienst, 26, 17-37.
131. SAUNDERS, G. E. 1973. Vistulian periglacial environments in the Lleyn Peninsula. Biuletyn Periglacjalny, 22, 257-269.
132. SCHWAN, J. 1986. The origin of horizontal alternating bedding in Weichselian aeolian sands in north-western Europe. Sedimentary Geology, 49, 73-108.
133. SCHWAN, J. 1989. Grain fabrics of natural and experimental low-angle aeolian sand deposits. Geologie en Mijnbouw, 68, 211-219.
134. SELSING, L. 1982. Radiocarbon dating of a mammoth tusk fragment from Brorfelde, Denmark. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark, 31, 51-157.
135. SHOTTON, F. W., WILLIAMS, R. B. G. and JOHNSON, A. S. 1974. Birmingham university radiocarbon dates VIII. Radiocarbon, 16, 285-303.
136. SOUTHGATE, G. A. 1984. Thermoluminescence dating of the Kempton park silts. Quaternary Newsletter, 43, 1-13.
137. STUART, A. J. and VAN WIJNGAARDEN-BAKKER, L. H. 1985. Quaternary vertebrates. IN: Edwards, K. J. and Warren, W. P. (eds), The Quaternary History of Ireland, 221-233. Academic Press, London.
138. SUTHERLAND, D. G., BALLANTYNE, C. K. and WALKER, J. C. 1984. Late Quaternary glaciation and environmental change on St. Kilda, Scotland, and their palaeoclimatic significance. Boreas, 13, 261-272.
139. SVENSSON, H. 1992. Wind-blasted erratics in Southern Sweden. IN: Billwitz, K., Jäger, K.-D. and Janke, W. (eds), Jungquartäre Landschaftsräume. Aktuelle Forschungen zwischen Atlantik und Tienschan, 105-109. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
140. TEUNISSEN, D. and TEUNISSEN-OORSCHOT, H. 1974. Eine interstadiale Torfschicht bei Nijmegen (Niederlande) und deren Bedeutung für die Erklärung der dortigen Landschaftmorphologie. Geologie en Mijnbouw, 53, 393-400.
141. TOBOLSKI, K. 1984. Vistulian fossil flora from Konin-Maliniec Poland. Dissertationes Botanicae, 72 (Festschrift Welten), 319-332.
142. VAN DEN BERG, M. W. and DEN OTTER, C. 1993. Toelichting bij de geologische kaart van Nederland 1: 50.000. Blad Almelo Oost/Denekamp (28O/29). Rijks Geologische Dienst, Haarlem, 240 pp.
143. VANDENBERGHE, J. 1977. Geomorfologie van de Zuiderkempen. Verhandelingen van Koninklijke Academie voor Wetenschappen, Letteren en Schone Kunsten van België, 140, 166 pp.
144. VANDENBERGHE, J. 1983a. Some periglacial phenomena and their stratigraphical position in Weichselian deposits in the Netherlands. Polarforschung, 53, 97-107.
145. VANDENBERGHE, J. 1983b. Late Weichselian river dune formation Grote Nete Valley, Central Belgium. Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie, 45, 251-263.
146. VANDENBERGHE, J. 1985. Paleoenvironment and stratigraphy during the Last Glacial in the Belgium-Dutch border region. Quaternary Research, 24, 23-38.
147. VANDENBERGHE, J. 1992. Geomorphology and climate of the cool oxygen isotope stage 3 in comparison with the cold stages 2 and 4 in The Netherlands. Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie, Supplement Band, 86, 65-75.
148. VANDENBERGHE, J. 1993. Changing fluvial processes under changing periglacial conditions. Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie, 88, 17-28.
149. VANDENBERGHE, J. and GULLENTOPS, F. 1977. Contribution to the stratigraphy of the Weichselian Pleniglacial in the Belgian coversand area. Geologie en Mijnbouw, 56, 123-128.
150. VANDENBERGHE, J. and KROOK, L. 1981. Stratigraphy and genesis of Pleistocene deposits at Alphen (southern Netherlands). Geologie en Mijnbouw, 60, 417-426.
151. VANDENBERGHE, J. and KROOK, L. 1985. La stratigraphie et la genèse de depôts Pléistocènes à Goirle (Pays-Bas). Bulletin de l'Association Française pour l'Etude du Quarternaire, 1985/4, 239-247.
152. VANDENBERGHE, J. and VAN HUISSTEDEN, J. 1988. Fluvio-aeolian interaction in a region of continuous permafrost. 5th International Conference on Permafrost, Proceedings, 876-881, Tapir Publishers, Trondheim.
153. VANDENBERGHE, J. and PISSART, A. 1993. Permafrost changes in Europe during the Last Glacial. Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, 4, 121-135.
154. VANDENBERGHE, J., MÜCHER, H. J., ROEBROEKS, W. and GEMKE, D. 1985. Lithostratigraphy and palaeoenvironment of the Pleistocene deposits at Maastricht-Belvédère, Southern Limburg, the Netherlands. Mededelingen Rijks Geologische Dienst, 39-1, 7-18.
155. VANDENBERGHE, J., COOPE, G.R. and KASSE, K. 1998a. Quantitative reconstructions of palaeoclimates during the last interglacial - glacial in western and central Europe: an introduction. Journal of Quaternery Science, 13, 361-366.
156. VANDENBERGHE, J., HUIJZER, A. S., MÜCHER, H. and LAAN, W. 1998b. Short climatic oscillations in a west European loess sequence (Kesselt, Belgium). Journal of Quaternary Science, 13, 471-485.
157. VAN DEN HAUTE, P. 1998. The late Pleistocene loess deposits and palaeosols of eastern Belgium: new TL age constraints. Journal of Quaternary Science, 13, 487-497.
158. VAN DER HAMMEN, T. and WIJMSTRA, T. A. (eds) (1971). The Upper Quaternary of the Dinkel valley. Mededelingen van de Rijks Geologische Dienst, 22, 59-72.
159. VAN DER HAMMEN, T., MAARLEVELD, G. C., VOGEL, J. C. and ZAGWIJN, W. H. 1967. Stratigraphy, climatic succession and radiocarbon dating of the lastglacial in the Netherlands. Geologie en Mijnbouw, 46, 79-95.
160. VAN DER MEER, J., SLOTBOOM, R. T. and DE VIRESBRUYNSTEEN, I. 1984. Lithology and palynology of Weichselian alluvial fan deposits near Eerbeek, The Netherlands. Boreas, 13, 393-402.
161. VANHOORNE, R. 1971. De nieuwe sluis van Zemst. 3. Paleontologische studie. Excavator, Mai, 15-19.
162. VAN HUISSTEDEN, J. 1990. Tundra rivers of the Last Glacial: sedimentation and geomorphological processes during the Middle Pleniglacial (eastern Netherlands). Mededelingen Rijks Geologische Dienst, 44-3, 1-138.
163. VAN HUISSTEDEN, J. and VANDENBERGHE, J. 1988. Changing fluvial style of periglacial lowland rivers during the Weichselian Pleniglacial in the eastern Netherlands. Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie, Supplement Band, 71, 131-146.
164. VAN HUISSTEDEN, K., VANDENBERGHE, J. and VAN GEEL, B. 1986a. Late Pleistocene stratigraphy and fluvial history of the Dinkel Basin (Twente, Eastern Netherlands). Eiszeitalter und Gegenwart, 36, 43-59.
165. VAN HUISSTEDEN, J., VAN DER VALK, L. and VANDENBERGHE, J. 1986b. Geomorphological evolution of a lowland valley system during the Weichselian. Earth Surface Processes Landforms, 11, 207-216.
166. VAN VLIET-LANOË, B. 1985. Frost effects in soils. IN: Boardman, J. (ed.), Soils and Quaternary Landscape Evolution, 117-158. Wiley, Chichester.
167. VELICHKO, A. 1982. Paleogeography of Europe during the last One Hundred Thousand Years (atlas monograph in Russian with abstracts and legends in English) (Gerasimov, I.P., ed.). Nauka, Moscow, 156 pp.
168. VREEKEN, W. J. 1984. (Re)deposition of loess in southern Limbourg, The Netherlands. 3. Field evidence for conditions of deposition of the middle and upper silt loam complexes, and landscape evolution at Nagelbeek. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 9, 1-18.
169. WALKLING, A. P. and COOPE, G. R. 1996. Climatic reconstructions from the Eemian/Early Weichselian transition in central Europe based on the coleopteran record from Gröbern (Germany). Boreas, 25, 145-159.
170. WEST, R. G. 1991. Pleistocene palaeoecology of Central Norfolk. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 110 pp.
171. WEST, R. 1993. Devensian thermal contraction networks and cracks at Somersham, Cambridgeshire, UK. Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, 4, 277-300.
172. WILLIAMS, R. G. B. 1975. The British climate during the Last Glaciation; An interpretation based on periglacial phenomena. In: Wright, A. E. and Moseley, F. M. (eds), Ice ages: Ancient and Modern, 95-120, Seel House Press, Liverpool.
173. WINTLE, A. G. 1987. Thermoluminescence dating of the loess at Rocourt, Belgium. Geologie en Mijnbouw, 66, 35-42.
174. WINTLE, A. G., SHACKLETON, N. and LATRIDOU, J. P. 1984. Thermoluminescence dating of periods of loess deposition and soil formation in Normandy. Nature, 310, 491-493.
175. WOILLARD, G. M. and MOOK, W. G. 1982. Carbon-14 dates at Grande Pile. Correlation of land and sea chronologies. Science, 215, 159-161.
176. WORSLEY, P. 1966. Some Weichselian fossil frost wedges from East Cheshire. Mercian Geology, 1, 357-365.
177. ZAGWIJN, W. H. 1974. Vegetation, climate and radiocarbon datings in the Late Pleistocene of The Netherlands. Part II: Middle Weichselian. Mededelingen Rijks Geologische Dienst, 25, 101-110.
178. ZAGWIJN, W. H. and PAEPE, R. 1968. Die Stratigraphie der weichselzeitlichen Ablagerungen der Niederlande und Belgiens. Eiszeitalter und Gegenwart, 19, 129-146.