Anemia;Anemias

Revista Brasileira de Medicina

Volumn 55, Issue SPEC. IIS., 1998, Pages 191-213

  Salvador, José ^a   De Oliveira, Rodrigues ^a   Figueiredo, Maria Stella ^a  

^a FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF SÃO PAULO   (Brazil)

Author keywords

Anemia; Hemolytic anemia; Thalassemia

Indexed keywords

ANALGESIC AGENT; CYANOCOBALAMIN; PREDNISONE;

ANEMIA; APLASTIC ANEMIA; AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE; DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS; HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA; HUMAN; IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA; MACROCYTIC ANEMIA; MEGALOBLASTIC ANEMIA; PAROXYSMAL NOCTURNAL HEMOGLOBINURIA; REVIEW; SIDEROBLASTIC ANEMIA; SPLENECTOMY; THALASSEMIA;

EID: 0032463417     PISSN: 00347264     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (78)

1. Kellermeyer, R.W. - Princípios gerais de avaliação e terapia das anemias. Clín. Méd. Am. Norte, 3: 561-572, 1984.
2. Hampton, J.R.; Harrison, M.S.G.; Mitchell, J.R.A. et al. - Relative contribution of history taking, physical examination, and laboratory investigation to diagnosis and management of medical outpatients. Br. Med. J., 2: 486, 1975.
3. Reynolds, R.D.; Binder, H.J.; Miller, M.B. et al. - Pagophagia and iron deficiency anemia. Ann. Intern. Med., 69: 435, 1968.
4. Rinsky, R.A.; Smith, A.B.; Hornung, R. et al. - Benzene and leukemia: an epidemiologic risk assessment. N. Engl. J. Med., 316: 1044, 1987.
5. Dallman, P.R.; Siimes, M.A. - Percentile curves for hemoglobin and red cell volume in infancy and childhood. J. Pediatr., 290: 1213, 1979.
6. Figueiredo, M.S.; Kerbauy, J. - Diagnóstico diferencial das anemias. J.B.M., 65(2): 19-30, 1993.
7. a edição, Austrália, Williams & Wilkins and Assoc. PTY Limit, 1988.
8. a edição, U.S.A., W.B. Saunders Company, 1988.
9. a edição, U.S.A., Churchill Livingstone, 1991.
10. Adams, J.G.; Coleman, M.B. - Structural hemoglobin variants that produce the phenotype of thalassemia. Semin. Hematol., 27: 229, 1990.
11. World Health Organization - Preventing and controlling iron deficiency anaemia through primary health care 1989.
12. Cook, J.D. - Clinical evaluation of iron deficiency. Sem. Hematol., 19: 6-18, 1982.
13. Lee, G.R. - The anemia of chronic disease. Sem. Hematol., 20: 61-80, 1983.
14. Bishop, R.C.; Bethel, F.H. - Hereditary hypochromic anemia with transfusion hemosiderosis treated with pyridoxine. N. Engl. J. Med.; 261: 486, 1959.
15. A, 1993.
16. Reilly, J.T.; Dolan, G. - Proposed classification for the myelodysplasia/myelofibrosis syndromes. Br. J. Haematol., 79: 653, 1991.
17. Jansen, J.W.E.; Buschle, M.; Layton, M. et al. - Clonal analysis of myelodysplastic syndromes: evidence of multipotent stem cell origin. Blood, 73: 28, 1989.
18. Bottomley, S.S. - Sideroblastic anaemia. Clin. Haematol., 11: 389, 1982.
19. Eichner, E.R.; Hillman, R.S. - The evolution of anemia in alcoholic patients. Am. J. Med., 50: 218, 1971.
20. Roberts, P.D.; Hoffbrand, A.V, Mollin, D.L. - Iron and folate metabolism in tuberculosis. Br. Med. J., 2: 198, 1966.
21. Firkin, F.C. - Mitochondrial lesions in reversible erythropoietic depression due to chloramphenicol. J. Clin. Invest., 51: 2085, 1972.
22. Abou-Khalill, S.; Abou-Khalill, W.H.; Whitney, P.L.; Yunis, A.A. - Importance of mitochondrial amino acid pool in the sensitivity of erythroid cells to chloramphenicol. Role of glycine and serine. Pharmacology, 35: 308, 1987.
23. Rotig, A.; Carmier, V.; Blanche, S. et al. - Pearson's marrow-pancreas syndrome: a multisystem mitochondrial disorders in the infancy. J. Clin. Invest., 86: 1601, 1990.
24. Dunlap, W.M.; James, G.W.; Hume, D.M. - Anemia and neutropenia caused by copper deficiency. Ann. Intern. Med., 80: 470, 1974.
25. Petterson, W.P.; Winkelmann, M.; Perry, M.C. - Zinc-induced copper deficiency: megamineral sideroblastic anaemia. Ann. Intern. Med., 103: 385, 1985.
26. Valentine, W.N.; Paglia, D.E.; Fink, K.; Madokoro, G. - Lead poisoning. Association with hemolytic anemia, basophilic stippling, erythrocyte pyrimidine 5′ nucleotidase deficiency, and intraerythrocytic accumulation of pyrimidines. J. Clin. Invest., 58: 926, 1976.
27. a edição. Artes Médicas, 1995.
28. Hamstra, R.D.; Block, M.H.; Schocket, A.L. - Intravenous iron dextran in clinical medicine. Jama, 243: 1726, 1980.
29. Colon-Otero, G.; Menke, D. & Hook, C.C. - Conduta prática para diagnóstico e avaliação do paciente adulto com anemia macrocitica. Clin. Méd. Am. Norte, 3: 591-607, 1992.
30. Hebert, V. - Biology of disease. Megaloblastic anemia. Lab. Invest., 52: 3, 1985.
31. 12. N. Engl. J. Med., 272: 340, 1965.
32. Allen, R.H.; Seetharem, B.; Podell, E.; Alpers, D.H. - Effect of proteolytic enzymes on the binding of cobalamin to R protein and intrinsic factor. In vitro evidence that a failure to partially degrade R protein is responsible for cobalamin malabsorption in pancreatic insufficiency. J. Clin. Invest., 61: 47, 1978.
33. Levine, J.S.; Nakene, P.K.; Allen, R.H. - Human intrinsic factor secretion: immunocytochemical demonstration of membrane associated vascular transport in parietal cells. J. Cell Biol., 90: 644, 1981.
34. 12 to intestinal microvillus membrane. J. Clin. Invest., 51: 2465, 1972.
35. Hebbert, V. - Recommended dietary intakes (RDI) of folates in human. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 45: 661, 1987.
36. Said, H.M.; Ghishen, F.K.; Redha, R. - Folate transport by human intestinal brush-border membrane vesicles. Am. J. Physiol., 252: G229, 1987.
37. Chanarin, I.; Dearon, R.; Lumb, M.; Perry, J. - Cobalamin and folate. Recent developments. J. Clin. Pathol., 45: 277, 1992.
38. Halton, E.B.; Savage, D.G.; Brust, J.C.M. et al. - Neurologic aspects of cobalamin deficiency. Medicine, 70: 229, 1991.
39. 12 in pernicious anemia. Br. Med. J., 1: 25, 1971.
40. 12 and folate metabolism in malabsorption syndromes. Am. J. Med., 67: 1037, 1979.
41. Axelson, J.A.; Lobuglio, A.F. - Anemia hemolitica imunológica. Clin. Méd. Am. Norte, 4: 599-608, 1980.
42. Dacie, J.V. - The hemolytic anemias. Part II, The auto immune haemolytic anemias. Grune & Stratton, Ortando, FL, 1992.
43. Damesheh, W.; Schwartz, S.O. - Acute hemolytic anemia (acquired hemolytic icterus, acute type). Medicine, 19: 231, 1940.
44. Rosenfield, R.E. - The past and future of immunohematology. Am. J. Clin. Pathol., 64: 569, 1975.
45. James, P.; Rowe, G.P.; Tozzo, G.G. - Elucidation of alloantibodies in autoimmune haemolytic anaemia. Vox Sang., 54: 167, 1988.
46. Atkinson, J.P.; Schrerber, A.D.; Frank, M.M. - Effects corticosteroids and splenectomy on the immune clearance and destruction of erythrocytes. J. Clin. Invest., 52: 1509, 1975.
47. Murphy, S.; Lobuglio, A.F. - Drug therapy of autoimmune hemolytic anemia. Semin. Hematol., 13: 323, 1976.
48. Hippe, E.; Jenson, K.B.; Olessen, H. et al. - Chlorambucil treatment of patients with cold agglutinin syndrome. Blood, 35: 68, 1970.
49. Orlin, J.B.; Berkman, E.M. - Partial plasma exchange using albumin replacement: removal and recovery of normal plasma constituents. Blood, 56: 1055, 1980.
50. Salama, A.; Mueller-Eckharlt, C. - On the mechanisms of sensitization and attachment of antibodies to RBC in the drug-induced immune hemolytic anemia. Blood, 69: 1006, 1987.
51. 1-like biphasic hemolysin. Transfusion, 26: 423, 1986.
52. Camatta, B.M.; Storb, R.; Thomas, E.D. - Aplastic anemia (first of two parts): pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. N. Engl. J. Med., 306: 645, 1982.
53. Tong, J.; Bacigalupo, A.; Piaggio, G.; Figari, O.; Sogno, G.; Marmot, A. - In vitro response of T cells from aplastic anemia patients to antilymphocyte globulin and phytohemagglutinin: colony-stimulating activity and lymphokine productioa Exp. Haematol., 19: 317, 1991.
54. Maciejewski, J.P.; Selleri, C.; Anderson, S.; Young, N.S. - Fas antigen expression on CD34+ human marrow cells is induced by interferon-gamma and tumor necrosis factor-alpha and potentiates hematopoietic suppression in vitro. Blood, 91: 245, 1995.
55. Selleri, C.; Maciejewski, J.P.; Sato, T.; Young, N.S. - Interferon-g constitutively expressed in the stromal microenvironment of human marrow cultures mediates potent hematopoietic inhibition. Blood, 87: 4149, 1996.
56. Maciejewski, J.P.; Selleri, C.; Sato, T.; Cho, H.J.; Keefer, L.K.; Nathan, C.F.; Young, N.S. - Nitric oxide suppression of human hematopoiesis in vitro: contribution to inhibitory action of interferon- g and tumor necrosis factor. J. Clin. Invest., 96: 1085, 1995.
57. Nimer, S.D.; Ireland, P.; Meshkinpour, A.; Frane, M. - An increased HLA-DR2 frequency is seen in aplastic anemia patients. Blood, 84: 923, 1994.
58. Storb, R.; Deeg, H.G.; Pape, M.; Done, C.D.; Clift, R.; Hansen, J. - Graft-versus-host disease prevention by methotrexate combined with cyclosporin compared to methotrexate alone in patients given marrow graft for severe aplastic anemia: Long-tern follow-up. Br. J. Haematol., 72: 567, 1989.
59. Deeg, H.G.; Anaseti, C.; Patersdorf, E.; Storb, R.; Doney, K.; Hansen, J.A.; Sanders, J.; Sullivan, K.M.; Appelbaum, R. - Cyclophosphamide plus ATG conditioning is insufficient for sustained hematopoietic reconstitution in patients with severe aplastic anemia transplanted with marrow from HLA-A, B, DR-B matched unrelated donors. Blood, 83: 3417-18, 1994.
60. Rosenfeld, S.E.; Kimball, J.; Vinning, D.; Young, N.S. - Intensive immunosupression with antithymocyte globulin and cyclosporine as treatment for severe acquired aplastic anemia. Blood, 85: 3058, 1995.
61. Young, N.S.; Barret, A. J. - The treatment of severe acquired aplastic anemia. Blood, 85: 3367, 1995.
62. Handen, R.I.; Lux, S.E.; Stossel, T.P. - Blood. Principles & Practice of Hematology. JB Leppincott company, USA, 1995.
63. Dacie, J.V.; Lewis, S.M. - Paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria: clinical manifestations, hematology and nature of the disease. Semin. Hematol, 3: 3, 1974.
64. Hillman, P.; Lewis, M.S.; Bessler, M.; Luzzatto, L.; Dacie, J.V. - Natural history of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. N. Engl. J. Med., 333: 1253, 1996.
65. Hall, S.E.; Rosse, W.F. - The use of monoclonal antibodies and flow cytometry in the diagnosis of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. Blood, 87: 5332, 1996.
66. Rosse, W.F.; Dacie, J.V. - Immune lysis of normal human and paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) red blood cells. I. The sensitivity of PNH red cells to lysis by complement and specific antibody. J. Clin. Invest., 45: 736, 1966.
67. Kawahara, K.; Witherspoon, R.P.; Storb, R. - Marrow transplantation of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. Am. J. Hematol., 39: 283, 1992.
68. Stoppa, A.M.; Vey, N.; Sainty, D.; Arnoutet, C.; Camerlo, J.; Cappiello, MA; Gastaut, J.A.; Maraninich, D. - Correction of aplastic anemia complicating paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria: absence of eradication of the PNH clone and dependence of response on cyclosporin A administration. Br. J. Haematol., 93: 42, 1996.
69. Steingart, R. - Controle de pacientes com doença falciforme. Clín. Méd. Am. Norte, 3: 677-690, 1992.
70. Charache, S.; Terrin, M.L.; Moore, R.; Dover, G.J.; Barton, P.B.; Eckert, S. Mcmahon, R.; Bonds, D.R.; The Investigators Of The Multicentric Study Of Hydroxyurea In Sickle Cell Anemia. - Controlled clinical trials. Effect of hydroxyurea on the frequency of painful crises in sickle cell anemia. N. Engl. J. Med.; 332: 1317, 1995.
71. Vermylen, C.; Cornu, G. - Bone marrow transplantation for sickle cell disease: the European experience. Am. J. Pediatr. Hematol./ Oncol., 16: 18, 1994.
72. Dover, G.; Vichinsky, E.P.; Searjeant, G.R.; Eckman, J.R. - Update in the treatment of sickle cell anemia: issues in supportive care and new strategies. Hematology Education Program. American Society of Hematology, 21-32, 1996.
73. Lux, S.E.; Forget, B.G.; Platt, O.S. - Inherited disorders of the red blood cell membrane. Hematology Education Program. American Society of Hematology, 1-9, 1996.
74. Liu, S.G.; Derick, L.H. - Molecular anatomy of red blood cell membrane skeleton: structure function relationships. Sem. Hematol., 29: 231-243, 1992.
75. Tchernia, G.; Gauthier, F.; Mielot, F.; Dommergues, J.P.; Yvart, J.; Chasis, J.A.; Mohandas, N. - Initial assessment of the benefical effect of partial splenectomy in hereditary spherocytosis. Blood, 81: 2014-2020, 1993.
76. Coetzer, T.; Palek, J.; Lawler, J.; Liu, S.C. et al. - Structural and functional heterogeneity of α-spectrin mutations involving the spectrin heterodimer self-association site: relationships to hematological expression of homozygous hereditary elliptocytosis and hereditary pyropoikilocytosis. Blood, 75: 2235-2243, 1990.
77. Valentine, W.N.; Paglia, D.E. - Erythroenzymopathies and hemolytic anemia. The many faces of inherited variant enzymes. J. Lab. Clin. Med., 115: 12, 1990.
78. Beutler, E. - Drug induced hemolytic anemia. Pharmacol. Rev., 21: 73, 1969.