Evidence of population declines among common eiders breeding in the Belcher Islands, Northwest Territories

Arctic

Volumn 51, Issue 4, 1998, Pages 378-385

  Robertson, Gregory J ^a,b   Gilchrist, H Grant ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NEW BRUNSWICK   (Canada)

^b ENVIRONMENT CANADA   (Canada)

Author keywords

Belcher Islands; Common eider; Hudson Bay; Population decline; Somateria mollissima sedentaria

Indexed keywords

BREEDING POPULATION; POPULATION DECLINE; WATERFOWL;

BELCHER ISLANDS; CANADA; NORTHWEST TERRITORIES;

SOMATERIA MOLLISSIMA;

EID: 0032444520     PISSN: 00040843     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.14430/arctic1081     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. ABRAHAM, K.F., and FINNEY, G.H. 1986. Eiders of the eastern Canadian Arctic. In: Reed, A., ed. Eider ducks in Canada. Report Series No. 47. Ottawa: Canadian Wildlife Service. 55-73.
2. BOERTMAN, D., MOSBECH, A., FALK, K., and KAMPP, K. 1996. Seabird colonies in western Greenland. Technical Report No. 170. Copenhagen: National Environmental Research Institute. 148 p.
3. CASWELL, H. 1989. Matrix population models: Construction, analysis, and interpretation. Sunderland, Massachusetts: Sinauer Associates Inc. 328 p.
4. CHAPDELAINE, G., BOURGET, A., KEMP, W.B., NAKASHIMA, D.J., and MURRAY, D.J. 1986. Population d'eider à duvet près des côtes du Québec septentronial. In: Reed, A., ed. Eider ducks in Canada. Report Series No. 47. Ottawa: Canadian Wildlife Service. 39-50.
5. CIRCUMPOLAR SEABIRD WORKING GROUP. 1997. Circumpolar eider conservation strategy and action plan. Akureyri, Iceland: Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna. 24 p.
6. COOCH, F.G. 1965. The breeding biology and management of the northern eider (Somateria mollissima) in the Cape Dorset Area, Northwest Territories. Wildlife Management Bulletin Series No. 2. Canadian Wildlife Service. 68 p.
7. _. 1986. The numbers of nesting northern eiders on the West Foxe Islands, NWT, in 1956 and 1976. In: Reed, A., ed. Eider ducks in Canada. Report Series No. 47. Ottawa: Canadian Wildlife Service. 114-118.
8. COULSON, J.C. 1984. The population dynamics of the eider duck Somateria mollissima and evidence of extensive non-breeding by adult ducks. Ibis 126:525-543.
9. DICKSON, D.L. 1997. Introduction. In: Dickson, D.L., ed. King and common eiders of the western Canadian Arctic. Occasional Paper Series No. 94. Ottawa: Canadian Wildlife Service. 5.
10. ERIKSTAD, K.E., and TVERAA, T. 1995. Does the cost of incubation set limits to clutch size in common eiders Somateria mollissima? Oecologia 103:270-274.
11. FABIJAN, M., BROOK, R., KUPTANA, D., and HINES, J.E. 1997. The subsistence harvest of king and common eiders in the Inuvialuit Settlement Region, 1988-1994. In: Dickson, D.L., ed. King and common eiders of the western Canadian Arctic. Occasional Paper Series No. 94. Ottawa: Canadian Wildlife Service. 67-73.
12. FLEMING, B., and McDONALD, M. 1987. A nest census and the economic potential of the Hudson Bay eider in the south Belcher Islands, N.W.T. A report prepared for the Department of Indian and Northern Affairs - GNWT Region, Project Number 176057. Sanikiluaq, Northwest Territories: Municipality of Sanikiluaq. 114 p.
13. FREEMAN, M.M.R. 1970. Observations on the seasonal behaviour of the Hudson Bay eider (Somateria mollissima sedentaria). Canadian Field-Naturalist 84:145-153.
14. GOUDIE, R.I., BRAULT, S., CONANT, B., KONDRATYEV, A.V., PETERSEN, M.R., and VERMEER, K. 1994. The status of sea ducks in the North Pacific Rim: Toward their conservation and management. Transactions of the 59th North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference 59:27-49.
15. HARIO, M., and SELIN, K. 1988. Thirty-year trends in an eider population: Timing of breeding, clutch size, and nest site preferences. Finnish Game Research 45:3-10.
16. KERTELL, K. 1991. Disappearance of the Steller's eider from the Yukon-Kuskokwim delta, Alaska. Arctic 44:177-187.
17. KORSCHGEN, C.E. 1977. Breeding stress of female eiders in Maine. Journal of Wildlife Management 41:360-373.
18. MANNING, T.H. 1976. Birds and mammals of the Belcher, Sleeper, Ottawa, and King George Islands, N.W.T. Occasional Paper No. 28. Ottawa: Canadian Wildlife Service. 40 p.
19. McDONALD, M., and FLEMING, B. 1990. Development of a community-based eider down industry in Sanikiluaq: Resource management and business strategies. A report prepared for the Canada-Northwest Territories economic development agreement Project Number 561 510. Sanikiluaq, Northwest Territories: Municipality of Sanikiluaq. 60 p.
20. McDONALD, M., ARRAGUTAINAQ, L., and NOVALINGA, Z. 1997. Voices from the Bay: Traditional ecological knowledge of Inuit and Cree in the Hudson Bay bioregion. Ottawa: Canadian Arctic Resources Committee.
21. MEHLUM, F. 1991a. Egg predation in a breeding colony of the common eider Somateria mollissima in Kongsfjorden, Svalbard. Norsk Polarinstitutt Skrifter 195:37-45.
22. _. 1991b. Breeding population size of the common eider Somateria mollissima in Kongsfjorden, Svalbard, 1981-1987. Norsk Polarinstitutt Skrifter 195:21-29.
23. MEHLUM, F., NIELSEN, L., and GJERTZ, I. 1991. Effect of down harvesting on nesting success in a colony of the common eider Somateria mollissima in Svalbard. Norsk Polarinstitutt Skrifter 195:47-50.
24. MILNE, H. 1974. Breeding numbers and reproductive rate of eiders at the Sands of Forvie National Reserve, Scotland. Ibis 116: 135-159.
25. MUNRO, J., and BÉDARD, J. 1977. Gull predation and crèching behaviour in the common eider. Journal of Animal Ecology 46:799-810.
26. NAKASHIMA, D.J. 1991. The ecological knowledge of Belcher Island Inuit: A traditional basis for contemporary wildlife co-management. Ph.D. Thesis, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec.
27. NAKASHIMA, D.J., and MURRAY, D.J. 1988. The common eider (Somateria mollissima sedentaria) of eastern Hudson Bay: A survey of nest colonies and Inuit ecological knowledge. Ottawa: Environmental Studies Revolving Funds Report No. 102. 198 p.
28. PALMER, R.S., ed. 1976. Handbook of North American birds. Vol. 3. New Haven and London: Yale University Press. 560 p.
29. PRACH, R.W., SMITH, A.R., and DZUBIN, A. 1986. Nesting of the common eider near Hell Gate - Cardigan Strait polynya, 1980-1981. In: Reed, A., ed. Eider ducks in Canada. Report Series No. 47. Ottawa: Canadian Wildlife Service. 127-135.
30. PRESTRUD, P., and MEHLUM, F. 1991. Population size and summer distribution of the common eider Somateria mollissima in Svalbard, 1981-1985. Norsk Polarinstitutt Skrifter 195: 9-20.
31. REED, A. 1975. Migration, homing, and mortality of breeding female eiders Somateria mollissima dresseri of the St-Lawrence estuary, Québec. Ornis Scandinavica 61:41-47.
32. _. 1986. Eiderdown harvesting and other uses of common eiders in spring and summer. In: Reed, A., ed. Eider ducks in Canada. Report Series No. 47. Ottawa: Canadian Wildlife Service. 156-175.
33. REED, A., and ERSKINE, A.J. 1986. Populations of the common eider in eastern North America: Their size and status. In: Reed, A., ed. Eider ducks in Canada. Report Series No. 47. Ottawa: Canadian Wildlife Service. 156-175.
34. ROBERTSON, G.J. 1995. Annual variation in common eider egg size: Effects of temperature, clutch size, laying date, and laying sequence. Canadian Journal of Zoology 73:1579-1587.
35. ROSSNES, G. 1991. Eider exploitation by hunters and trappers on Svalbard during the 19th and early 20th centuries. Polar Record 27:47-52.
36. SMITH, M., and RIGBY, B. 1981. Distribution of polynyas in the Canadian Arctic. In: Stirling, I., and Cleator, H. eds. Polynyas in the Canadian Arctic. Occasional Paper No. 45. Ottawa: Canadian Wildlife Service. 7-28.
37. SNYDER, L.L. 1941. On the Hudson Bay eider. Occasional Papers of the Royal Ontario Museum of Zoology 6:1-7.
38. SPURR, E.B., and MILNE, H. 1976. Factors affecting the laying date in the common eider. Wildfowl 27:107-109.
39. STEHN, R.A., DAU, C.P., CONANT, B., and BUTLER, W.I., Jr. 1993. Decline of spectacled eiders nesting in western Alaska. Arctic 46:264-277.
40. STIRLING, I. 1997. The importance of polynyas, ice edges, and leads to marine mammals and birds. Journal of Marine Systems 10:9-21.
41. STIRLING, I., and CLEATOR, H., ed. 1981. Polynyas in the Canadian Arctic. Occasional Paper 45. Ottawa: Canadian Wildlife Service. 73 p.
42. SUYDAM, R., QUAKENBUSH, L., JOHNSON, M., GEORGE, J.C., and YOUNG, J. 1997. Migration of king and common eider past Point Barrow, Alaska, in spring 1987, spring 1994, and fall 1994. In: Dickson, D.L., ed. King and common eiders of the western Canadian Arctic. Occasional Paper Series No. 94. Ottawa: Canadian Wildlife Service. 21-29.
43. SWENNEN, C. 1976. Population structure and food of the eider Somateria m. mollissima in the Dutch Wadden Sea. Ardea 64:311-371.
44. _. 1983. Reproductive output of eiders Somateria m. mollissima on the southern border of its breeding range. Ardea 71:245-254.
45. _. 1989. Gull predation upon eider Somateria mollissima ducklings: Destruction or elimination of the unfit? Ardea 77:21-44.
46. _. 1990. Dispersal and migratory movements of eiders Somateria mollissima breeding in the Netherlands. Ornis Scandinavica 21:17-27.
47. WAKELEY, J.S., and MENDALL, H.L. 1976. Migrational homing and survival of adult female eiders nesting in Maine. Journal of Wildlife Management 40:15-21.
48. WATSON, M.D., ROBERTSON, G.J., and COOKE, F. 1993. Egg-laying time and laying interval in the common eider. Condor 95:869-878.
49. WEIN, E.E., FREEMAN, M.M.R., and MAKUS, J.C. 1996. Use and preference for traditional foods among the Belcher Island Inuit. Arctic 49:256-264.