Central circuits controlling locomotion in young frog tadpoles

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

Volumn 860, Issue , 1998, Pages 19-34

  Roberts, Alan ^a   Soffe, S R ^a   Wolf, E S ^a,b   Yoshida, M ^a,c   Zhao, F Y ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BRISTOL   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF DEBRECEN   (Hungary)

^c HIROSHIMA UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CHOLINERGIC RECEPTOR; GLUTAMATE RECEPTOR; GLYCINE RECEPTOR;

ANIMAL BEHAVIOR; CONFERENCE PAPER; EXCITATORY POSTSYNAPTIC POTENTIAL; INTERNEURON; LOCOMOTION; MOTONEURON; MOTOR COORDINATION; NERVE CELL NETWORK; NERVOUS SYSTEM ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY; NEUROANATOMY; NONHUMAN; SENSORY SYSTEM; SPINAL NERVE; SWIMMING; SYNAPTIC TRANSMISSION; TADPOLE; XENOPUS;

ANIMALIA; ANURA; VERTEBRATA;

EID: 0032436206     PISSN: 00778923     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb09036.x     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (39)

1. 1. Roberts, A. 1990. How does a nervous system produce behaviour? A case study in neurobiology. Sci. Prog. 74: 1-51.
2. 2. Roberts A. & J. D. W. Clarke. 1982. The neuroanatomy of an amphibian embryo spinal cord. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B 296: 195-212.
3. 3. Soffe, S. R. 1991. Triggering and gating of motor responses by sensory stimulation: Behavioural selection in Xenopus embryos. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 246: 197-203.
4. 4. Roberts, A. & R. Perrins. 1996. Positive feedback as a general mechanism for sustaining rhythmic and non-rhythmic activity. J. Physiol. (Paris) 89: 241-248.
5. 5. Roberts, A. & K. T. Sillar. 1990. Characterisation and function of spinal excitatory interneurons with commissural projections in Xenopus laevis embryos. Eur. J. Neurosci. 2: 1051-1062.
6. 6. Zhao, F.-Y., B. G., Burton, E. S. Wolf & A. Roberts. 1998. Asymmetries in sensory pathways from skin to motoneurons on each side of the body determine the direction of an avoidance response in hatchling Xenopus tadpoles. J. Physiol. 506: 471-487.
7. 7. Dale, N., A. Roberts, O. P. Ottersen & J. Storm-Mathisen. 1987. The morphology and distribution of "Kolmer-Agduhr cells" a class of cerebrospinal fluid-contacting neurons revealed in the frog spinal cord by GABA immunocytochemistry. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 232: 193-203.
8. 8. Jamieson, D. 1997a. Synaptic transmission in the pineal eye of young Xenopus laevis tadpoles: A role for NMDA and non-NMDA glutamate and non-glutaminergic receptors. J. Comp. Physiol. A 181: 177-186.
9. 9. Jamieson, D. A. 1997b. The pineal eye of Xenopus laevis tadpoles: A behavioural, anatomical and physiological study of an extraretinal photosensory system. Ph.D. thesis, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
10. 10. Roberts, A. 1996. Trigeminal pathway for the skin impulse to initiate swimming in hatchling Xenopus embryos. J. Physiol. 493P: 40-41P.
11. 11. Boothby, K. M. & A. Roberts. 1992. The stopping response of Xenopus laevis embryos: Pharmacology and intracellular physiology of rhythmic spinal neurons and hindbrain neurons. J. Exp. Biol. 169: 65-86.
12. 12. Woolston, A.-M., J. F. S. Wedderburn & K. T. Sillar. 1994. Descending serotonergic spinal projections and modulation of locomotor rhythmicity in Rana temporaria embryos. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 255: 73-79.
13. 13. Dale, N. 1995a. Kinetic characterization of the voltage-gated currents possessed by Xenopus embryo spinal neurons. J. Physiol. 489: 473-488.
14. 14. Scrymgeour-Wedderburn, J. F., C. A. Reith & K. T. Sillar. 1997. Voltage oscillations in Xenopus spinal neurons: Developmental onset and dependence on co-activation of NMDA and 5HT receptors. Eur. J. Neurosci. 9: 1473-1482.
15. 15. Roberts, A., S. R. Soffe & R. Perrins. 1997. Spinal networks controlling swimming in hatchling Xenopus tadpoles. In Neurons, Networks and Motor Behaviour. P. S. G. Stein, S. Grillner, A. I. Selverston & D. G. Stuart, Eds.: 83-89. MIT Press. Boston, MA.
16. 16. Arshavsky, Yu., G. N. Orlovsky, Yu. V. Panchin, A. Roberts & S. R. Soffe. 1993. Neuronal control of swimming locomotion: Analysis of the pteropod mollusc Clione and embryos of the amphibian Xenopus. Trends Neurosci. 16: 227-233.
17. 17. Soffe, S. R. 1989. Roles of glycinergic inhibition and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-mediated excitation in the locomotor rhythmicity of one half of the Xenopus embryo CNS. Eur. J. Neurosci. 1: 561-571.
18. 18. Roberts, A. & M. J. Tunstall. 1990. Mutual-reexcitation with post-inhibitory rebound: A simulation study on the mechanisms for locomotor rhythm generation in the spinal cord of Xenopus embryos. Eur. J. Neurosci. 2: 11-23.
19. 19. Roberts, A., M. J. Tunstall & E. W. Wolf. 1995. Properties of networks controlling locomotion in a simple vertebrate and significance of voltage-dependency of NMDA channels: A simulation study of rhythm generation sustained by positive feedback. J. Neurophysiol. 73: 485-496.
20. 20. Dale, N. 1995b. Experimentally derived model for the locomotor pattern generator in the Xenopus embryo. J. Physiol. 489: 489-510.
21. 21. Dale, N. & F. M. Kuenzi. 1997. Ion channels and the control of swimming in the Xenopus embryo. Prog. Neurobiol. 53: 729-756.
22. 22. Perrins, R. & A. Roberts. 1995a. Cholinergic and electrical motoneuron-to-motoneuron synapses contribute to on-cycle excitation during swimming in Xenopus embryos. J. Neurophysiol. 73: 1013-1019.
23. 23. Perrins, R. & A. Roberts. 1995b. Cholinergic contribution to excitation in a spinal locomotor central pattern generator in Xenopus embryos. J. Neurophysiol. 73: 1005-1012.
24. 24. Perrins, R. & A. Roberts. 1995c. Cholinergic and electrical synapses between synergistic spinal motoneurones in the Xenopus laevis embryo. J. Physiol. 485: 135-144.
25. 25. Dale, N. & D. Gilday. 1996. Regulation of rhythmic movements by purinergic neurotransmitters in frog embryos. Nature 383: 259-263.
26. 26. Sillar, K.T. & A. Roberts. 1993. Control of frequency during swimming in Xenopus embryos: A study on interneuronal recruitment in a spinal rhythm generator. J. Physiol. 472: 557-572.
27. 27. Burke, R. E. 1981. Motor units: Anatomy, physiology and functional organization. In Handbook of Physiology, Section I. The Nervous System, Vol. 2. Motor Control. V. Brooks, Ed.: 345-422. American Physiological Society. Waverly Press, Bethesda, MD.
28. 28. Kernell, D. 1983. Functional properties of spinal motoneurons and gradation of muscle force. In Advances in Neurology 39, Motor Control in Health and Disease. J. E. Desmedt, Ed.: 213-26. Raven Press. New York.
29. 29. Zhao, F.-Y. & A. Roberts. 1996. Antagonists unmask components of excitatory synaptic drive to motoneurons during swimming in Xenopus tadpoles. Abstract for 26th Annual Meeting of Society for Neuroscience, Washington, DC.
30. 30. Tunstall, M. J. & A. Roberts. 1991. Longitudinal coordination of motor output during swimming in Xenopus embryos. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 244: 27-32.
31. 31. Tunstall, M. J. & K. T. Sillar. 1993. Physiological and developmental aspects of intersegmental coordination in Xenopus embryos and tadpoles. Semin. Neurosci. 5: 29-40.
32. 32. Roberts, A. & M. J. Tunstall. 1994. Longitudinal gradients in the spinal cord of Xenopus embryos and their possible role in coordination of swimming. Eur. J. Morphol. 32: 176-184.
33. 33. Tunstall, M. J. & A. Roberts. 1994. A longitudinal gradient of synaptic drive in the spinal cord of Xenopus embryos and its role in coordination of swimming. J. Physiol. 474: 393-405.
34. 34. Perrins, R. & S. R. Soffe. 1996. Composition of the excitatory drive for swimming in two amphibian embryos: Rana and Bufo. J. Comp. Physiol. 179: 563-573.
35. 35. Wolf, E., F.-Y. Zhao & A. Roberts. 1997. A simple model predicts the non-linearity in summation of postsynaptic potentials and the chemical synaptic and gap junctional conductances in spinal motoneurons of young Xenopus tadpoles. J. Physiol. 505P: 182-183P.
36. 36. Zhao, F.-Y., E. Wolf & A. Roberts. 1997. Non-linear summation of chemically mediated postsynaptic potentials in the motoneurons of Xenopus tadpoles. J. Physiol. 505P: 182P.
37. 37. Roberts, A. & A. Walford. 1996. Central synapses of spinal motoneurons innervating the trunk swimming muscles of Xenopus laevis embryos. Acta Biol. Hungarica 47: 371-384.
38. 38. Roberts, A., N. Dale, O. P. Ottersen & J. Storm-Mathisen. 1988. Development and characterization of commissural interneurons in the spinal cord of Xenopus laevis embryos revealed by antibodies to glycine. Development 103: 447-461.
39. 39. Yoshida, M., A. Roberts & S. R. Soffe. 1997. Axon projections of reciprocal inhibitory interneurons in the spinal cord of young Xenopus tadpoles and implications for the pattern of inhibition during swimming. J. Physiol. 505P: 117P.