Pocket Monster incident and low luminance visual stimuli: Special reference to deep red flicker stimulation

Pediatrics International

Volumn 40, Issue 6, 1998, Pages 631-637

  Takahashi, Takeo ^a   Tsukahara, Yasuo ^a  

^a TOHOKU UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

Author keywords

Animated cartoon; Photosensitive epilepsy; Pocket Monster (Pokemon); Red blue flicker; Visually induced seizure

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; CHILD; ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY; EPILEPSY; HEADACHE; HUMAN; LUMINANCE; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; PHOTOSENSITIVE EPILEPSY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SEIZURE; STROBOSCOPY; SYMPTOMATOLOGY; TELEVISION; VISUAL IMPAIRMENT;

CARTOONS; CHILD; COLOR; ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY; FEMALE; HUMANS; JAPAN; MALE; PHOTIC STIMULATION; SEIZURES; TELEVISION;

EID: 0032434366     PISSN: 13288067     EISSN: 1442200X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-200X.1998.tb02006.x     Document Type: Article

References (27)

1. Takahashi T. Action needed to prevent ‘Pokemon seizures’. Asahi Evening News 1998; 14028: 8.
2. Asahi Shimbun. 1997; No. 40167.
3. Ministry of Health and Welfare. A special study of photosensitive seizures. Rapid Communication Digest, 1998.
4. Harding Gfa. TV can be bad for your health. Nat. Med. 1998; 4: 265–7.
5. Takahashi T. Activation methods. In: Niedermeyer E., Silva de F Blopes, eds. Electroencephalography: Basic Principles, Clinical Applications and Related Fields, 4th edn. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, (In press).
6. Tsukahara Y., Takahashi T. Visual stimulator for EEG activation. Electroenceph. Clin. Neutrophysiol. 1973; 35: 335–5.
7. Takahashi T., Tsukahara Y. Photoconvulsive responses induced by use of: ‘visual stimulator.’ Tohoku J. Exp. Med. 1980; 130: 273–81.
8. Takahashi T., Tsukahara Y., Kaneda S. EEG activation by use of stroboscope and visual stimulator SLS-5100. Tohoku J. Exp. Med. 1980; 130: 403–9.
9. Takahashi T. Techniques of intermittent photic stimulation and paroxysmal response. Amer. J. EEG Technol. 1989; 29: 205–18.
10. Takahashi T. Pathophysiological mechanisms of photosensitivity in IGEs. In: Malafosse A., Genton P., Hirsch E., Mare-Scaux C., Broglin D. Bernasconi R., eds. Idiopathic Generalized Epilepsies: Clinical, Experimental and Genetic Aspects. John Libbey, London. 1994; 305–15.
11. Takahashi T., Matsuoka H. A consideration of visual epilepsy. Clin. Psychiatr. 1981; 23: 671–81.
12. Takahashi T., Tsukahara Y., Kaneda S. Provocation of paroxysmal discharges by use of red flicker stimulation to the central visual field in patients with photosensitive epilepsy. Jpn J. EEG. EMG 1986; 14: 225–33.
13. Takahashi T. EEG diagnosis of photosensitive epilepsy; 1. EEG activation by grating pattern and flickering dot pattern stimuli. Rinsho Noha 1996; 38: 49–56.
14. Takahashi T. EEG diagnosis of photosensitive epilepsy; 2. EEG activation by red flicker and eye closure stimuli. Rinsho Noha 1996; 38: 121–8.
15. Takahashi T., Tsukahara Y. Photoparoxysmal response elicited by flickering dot patttern stimulation and its optimal spatial frequency of provocation. Electroenceph. Clin. Neurophysiol. 1998; 106: 40–3.
16. Guerrini R., Dravet C., Genton P. et al. Idiopathic photosensitive occipital lobe epilepsy. Epilepsia 1995; 36: 883–91.
17. Tamai K. Usefulness of pattern and red flickering stimulation in patients with photosensitive epilepsy. J. Jpn Pediatr. Soc. 1989; 93: 2003–10.
18. Takahashi T., Tsukahara Y. Influence of color on the photo-convulsive response. Electroenceph. Clin. Neurophysiol. 1976; 41: 124–36.
19. Takahashi T., Tsukahara Y., Kaneda S. Influence of pattern and red color on the photoconvulsive response and photic driving. Tohoku J. Exp. Med. 1981; 133: 129–37.
20. Takahashi T., Tsukahara Y. Usefulness of blue sunglasses in photosensitive epilepsy. Epilepsia 1992; 33: 517–21.
21. Takahashi T., Tsukahara Y. What was the ‘Pokemon incident’? Brain Sci. Mental Disorders 1998; 2: 177–90.
22. Binnie Cd, Jeavons Pe. Photosensitive epilepsies. In: Roger J., Bureau M., Dravet C., Druifuss Fe, Perret A., Wolf, P., eds. Epileptic Syndromes in Infancy, Childhood and Adolescence. John Libbey, London. 1992; 299–305.
23. Takahashi T. Photoconvulsive response and disposition. Folia Psychiatr. Neurol. Jpn 1976; 30: 349–56.
24. Funatsuka M., Fujita M., Osawa M. Four cases of convulsive seizures while viewing TV animation ‘Pocket Monsters’. Jpn Med. J. 1998; 3853: 45–9.
25. Takahashi T. After ‘Pokemon’-TV images that worry me. Minkanhoso 1998; 1426: 4.
26. Independent Television Commission. Use of flashing images or repetitive patterns. ITC guidance note. 1994 (November). London.
27. Harding Gfa, Jeavons Pm. Photosensitive Epilepsy, new edn. MacKeith Press, London. 1994.