Lymphomes post-transplantation et virus Epstein-Barr

Nephrologie

Volumn 19, Issue 8, 1998, Pages 481-488

  Gaillard, S ^a   Heibel, F ^b   Benaicha, M ^a   Moulin, B ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL OF STRASBOURG   (France)

^b HÔPITAL CIVIL   (France)

Author keywords

Epstein barr virus; Lymphoproliferative disorders; Renal transplantation

Indexed keywords

CYCLOSPORIN; HLA ANTIGEN; OKT 3;

CELL PROLIFERATION; EPSTEIN BARR VIRUS; GENE EXPRESSION; HUMAN; HUMAN CELL; HUMAN TISSUE; IMMUNOPATHOGENESIS; IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE TREATMENT; INFECTIOUS MONONUCLEOSIS; LYMPHOPROLIFERATIVE DISEASE; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; REVIEW; SURGICAL TECHNIQUE;

HERPESVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; HERPESVIRUS 4, HUMAN; HUMANS; INCIDENCE; KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION; LYMPHOMA; LYMPHOPROLIFERATIVE DISORDERS; POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS; TUMOR VIRUS INFECTIONS;

EID: 0032431674     PISSN: 02504960     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (100)

1. Penn I. Cancers in cyclosporine-treated vs azathioprine-treated patients. Transplant Proc 1996; 28:876-8.
2. Penn I. The changing pattern of post-transplant malignancies. Transplant Proc 1991 ; 23: 1101-3.
3. Opelz G, Henderson R. Incidence of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in kidney and heart transplant recipients. Lancet 1993 ; 342: 1514-6.
4. Sheil AGR, Disney APS, Mathew TH, Amiss N, Excell L. Cancer development in cadaveric donor renal allograft recipients treated with azathioprine or cyclosporine or Aza/CyA. Transplant Proc 1991; 23: 1111-2.
5. Ho M. Epstein-Barr virus infection after transplantation. Transplantation and clinical immunology: Virus and transplantation. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science, 1991 ; XXIII : 229-36.
6. Mouquet C, Benalia H, Ourahma S, Barrou B, et al. Incidence of noncutaneous malignancies in kidney transplant recipients: A 20 years follow-up. Transplant Proc 1995 ; 27: 1764.
7. Alamartine E, Berthoux E Tumours in kidney-transplanted patients : A comprehensive one-centre study. Transplant Proc 1995; 27:1761-3.
8. Mihalov ML, Gattuso P, Abraham K, Holmes EW, Reddy V. Incidence of post-transplant malignancy among 674 solid-organ-transplant recipients at a single center. Clin Transplant 1996 ; 10: 248-55.
9. Vogt P, Frei U, Repp H, Bunzendahl H, Oldhafer K, Pichmayr R. Malignant tumours in renal transplant recipients receiving cyclosporin: Survey of 598 first-kidney transplantations. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1990; 5:282-8.
10. Hiesse C, Kriaa F, Goupy C, Benoît G, Charpentier B. Incidence of cancer and risk factors in 1570 renal transplant patients during a 25year period. Am Soc transplant Physic 1997; (Book of abstract) : 125.
11. Starzl TE, Porter KA, Iwatsuki S, Rosenthal JT, et al. Reversibility of lymphomas and lymphoproliferative lesions developing under cyclosporine-steroid therapy. Lancet 1984; 1: 583-7.
12. Hanto DW, Frizzera G, Gajl-Peczalska KJ, Simmons LS. EpsteinBarr virus, immunodeficiency, and B cell lymphoproliferation. Transplantation 1985; 39: 461-72.
13. Morrison VA, Dünn DL, Manivel JC, Gajl-Peczalska KJ, Peterson BA. Clinical characteristics of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders. Am JMed 1994; 97: 14-23.
14. Yousem SA, Randhawa PS, Locker S. Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders in heart-lung transplant recipients: Primary presentation in the allograft. Hum Pathol 1989; 20: 361-9.
15. Randawha PS, Yousem SA, Paradis IL, Dauber JA, Griffith BP, Locker S. The clinical spectrum, pathology and clonal analysis of EBVassociated lymphoproliferative disorders in heart-lung transplant recipients. Am J Clin Pathol 1989; 92: 177-85.
16. Purtilo D. Immune deficiency predisposing to EBV-induced lymphoproliferative disorders : The X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrom as a model. Adv Cancer Res 1981 ; 34: 279-307.
17. Gamier JL, Pisa P, Cirone M, Rochford R, Fox RI, Cannon MJ, Cooper NR. Epstein-Barr virus induced lymphoproliferative disorders in SCID/hu chimeric mice. In : Touraine JL, Traeger J, Bétuel H, Dubernard JM, Revillard JP, Dupuy C (Eds): Transplantation and clinical immunology: Virus and transplantation. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science, 1991; XXIII :237-45.
18. Rickinson AB. Background to Epstein-Barr virus related lymphoproliferative diseases in transplant patients. In: Touraine JL, Traeger J, Bétuel H, Dubernard JM, Revillard JP, Dupuy C, eds. Transplantation and clinical immunology: Virus and transplanta. tion. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science, 1991 ; XXIII : 247-53.
19. Leblond V, Sutton L, Dorent R, Davi F, et al. Lymphoproliferative disorders after organ transplantation : A report of 24 cases observed in a single center. J Clin Oncol 1995 ; 13: 961-8.
20. Smith JL, Wilkinson AH, Hunsicker LG, Tobacman J, et al. Increased frequency of post-transplant lymphomas in patients treated with cyclosporine, azathioprine, and prednisone. Transplant Proc 1989; 21: 3199-200.
21. Gruber SA, Skjel KL, Sothern RB, Robison L, et al. Cancer development in renal allograft recipients treated with conventional and cyclosporine immunosuppression. Transplant Proc 1991 ; 23: 1104-5.
22. Wilkinson AH, Smith JL, Hunsicker LG, Tobacman J, et al. Increased frequency of post-transplant lymphomas in patients treated with cyclosporine, azathioprine and prednisone. Transplantation 1989;47:293-6.
23. Cockfield SM, Preiksaitis J, Harvey E, Jones C, et al. Is sequential use of ALG and OKT3 in renal transplants associated with an increased incidence of fulminant post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder. Transplant Proc 1991 ; 23: 1106-7.
24. Cockfield SM, Preiksaitis JK, Jewell LD, Parfrey NA. Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder in renal allograft recipients. Clinical experience and risk factor analysis in a single center. Transplantation 1993; 56: 88-96.
25. Swinnen LJ, Costanzo NMR, Fisher SG, O'Sullivan EJ, et al. Increased incidence of lymphoproliferative disorder after immunosuppression with the monoclonal antibody OKT3 in cardiac-transplant recipients. N Engl J Med 1990 ; 323: 1723-8.
26. Walz G, Zanker B, Melton L, Suthanthiran M, Strom TB. Possible association of the immunosuppressive and the B-cell rymphoma-promoting properties of cyclosporine. Transplantation 1990; 49:191-4.
27. Crawford DH, Edwards JMB, Svveny P, Janossy G, Hoffbrand AV. Long term T cell mediated immunity to EBV in renal-allograft recipients receiving Cyclosporine A. Lancet 1981 ; 1: 10-2.
28. Crawford D, Edwards J. Immunity to Epstein-Barr virus in Cyclosporin A treated renal allograft recipients. Lancet 1982; 1: 1469-70.
29. Ho M, Miller G, Atchison W, Breinig MK, et al. Epstein-Barr virus infections and DNA hybridization studies in post-transplantation lymphoma and lymphoproliferative lesions: The role of primary infection. J Infect Dis 19S5 ; 152: 876-85.
30. Raab-Traub N, Flynn K. The structure of the termini of the Epstein-Barr virus as a marker of clonal cellular proliferation. Cell 1986; 47:883-9.
31. Hamilton-Dutoit SJ, Raphael M, Audouin J, Diebold J, et al. In situ demonstration of Epstein-Barr virus small RNAs (EBER1) in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome related lymphomas: Correlation with tumor morphology and primary site. Blood 1993 ; 82: 619-24.
32. Berg LC, Usaf M, Copenhaver E, et al. B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders in solid-organ transplant patients: Detection of EpsteinBarr virus by in situ hybridization. Hum Pathol 1992 ; 23: 159-63.
33. Preiksaitis JK, Diaz-Mitoma F, Mirzayans F, Roberts S, Tyrrell DJL. Quantitative oropharyngeal Epstein-Barr virus shedding in renal and cardiac transplant recipients : Relationship to immunosuppressive therapy, sérologie responses, andtheriskof post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder. J Infect Dis 1992; 166: 986-94.
34. Cen H, Williams P, McWilliams H, Breinig M, Ho M, McKnight J. Evidence for restricted Epstein-Barr virus latent gene expression and anti-EBNA antibody response in solid organ transplant recipients with posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders. Blood 1993;81:1393-403.
35. Riddler S, Breinig M, McKnight J. Increased levels of circulating Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-infected lymphocytes and decreased EBV nuclear antigen antibody responses are associated with the development of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease in solidorgan transplant recipients. Blood 1994; 84: 972-84.
36. Drouet EB, Chapuis-Cellier C, Garnier JL, Touraine JL. Early detection of EBV infection and meaning in transplant patients. In: Touraine JL, Traeger J, Bétuel H, Dubernard JM, Revillard JP, Dupuy C (Eds): Cancer in transplantation: Prevention and treatment. Proceedings of the 27th conference on transplantation and clinical immunology. Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1996; XXVII: 201-7.
37. Rea D, Fourcade C, Leblond V, Rowe M, et al. Patterns of EpsteinBarr virus latent and replicative gene expression in Epstein-Barr virus B cell lymphoproliferative disorders after organ transplantation. Transplantation 1994; 58: 317-24.
38. Liebowitz D. Epstein-Barr virus-an old dog with new tricks. N Engl J Med 1995; 332: 55-7.
39. Cen H, Breinig MC, Atchison RW, Ho M, McKnight LC. EpsteinBarr virus transmission via the donor organs in solid organ trans-plantation: Polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment lenght polymorphism analysis of IR2, IR3, et IR4. J Virol 1991 ; 65: 976-80.
40. Rea D, Delecluse HJ, Hamilton-Dutoit SJ, Marelle L JI, et al. EpsteinBarr virus latent and replicative gene expression in post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders and AIDS-related non-Hodgkinï lymphomas. Ann Oncol 1994; 5:113-6.
41. Patton DF, Wilkowski CW, Hanson CA, Shapiro R, et al. Epstein-Barr virus determined clonality in post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease. Transplantation 1990; 49:1080-4.
42. Clearly ML, Nalesnik MA, Shearer WT, Sklar J. Clonal analysis of transplant-associated lymphoproliferations based on the structure of the genomic termini of Epstein-Barr virus. Blood 1988 ; 72: 349-52.
43. Mathur A, Kamat DM, Filipovich AH, Steinbuch M, Shapiro RS. Immunoregulatory abnormalities in patients with Epstein-Barr virus-associated B cell lymphoproliferative disorders. Transplantation 1994; 57: 1042-5.
44. Shapiro RS, Chauvenet A, McGuirre W, Pearson A, et al. Treatment of B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders with interferon alfa et intravenous gamma globulin. N EngI J Med 1988; 318: 1334.
45. Durandy A, Emilie D, Peuchmaur M, Forveille M, et al. Role of IL-6 in promoting growth of human EBV-induced B-cell tumors in severe combined immunodeficient mice. J Immunol 1994; 152: 5361-7.
46. Beatty P, Krams S, Martinez O. Autocrine and paracrine effects of B-cell derived IL-10 in Epstein-Barr virus-associated post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder. American Society of transplantation Physicians, 1996.
47. Tosato G, Jones K, Breinig MK, McWilliams HP, McKnight JLC. Interleukin-6 production in post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease. J Clin Invest 1995 ; 91: 2806-14.
48. Gamier JL, Berger F, Martin X, Dureau G, et al. Post-transplant Bcell lymphomas. Correlation of late stage B-cell differentiation and progression of disease; treatment with chimeric monoclonal antibody. Transplant Proc 1995 ; 27: 1777.
49. Gratama JW, Oosteveer MA, Zwaan FE, Lepoutre J, Klein G, Emberg I. Eradication of EBV by allogenic bone marrow transplantation : Implication for sites of viral latency. Proc Natl Acad Sci 1988 ; 85:8693-6.
50. Sixbey JW, Shirley P, Sloas M, Raab Traub N, Israele V. A transformation-incompetent, nuclear Antigen-2-deleted EBV associated with replicative infection. J Infect Dis 1991 ; 163: 1008-15.
51. Yao QY, Rinckinson AB, Gaston JSH, Epstein MA. In vitro analysis of the EBV: Host balance in long term renal allograft recipients. Int J Cancer 1985; 35: 43-9.
52. Crompton CH, Cheung RK, Donjon C, Miyazaki I, et al. EpsteinBarr virus surveillance after renal transplantation. Transplantation 1994; 57: 1182-9.
53. Morrissey PE, Lorber KM, Marcarelli M, Bia MJ, Kliger AS, Lorber MI. Immunologie monitoring after organ transplantation: Relationship between Epstein-Barr virus infection and CD19+ B cells measured by flow cytometry. Transplant Proc 1995 ; 27: 1428-30.
54. Kato H, Inamoto T, Nakamura H, Furuke K, et al. Soluble CD23 as a sensitive marker for Epstein-barr virus-related disorders after liver transplantation. Transplantation 1993; 56: 1109-13.
55. Van Gelder T, Kroes LCM, Mulder A, Gratama JW, Weimar W. A living related kidney donor as the source of a nearly fatal primary Epstein-Barr vitus infection following transplantation. Transplantation 1994; 58: 852-4.
56. Denning DW, Weiss LM, Martinez K, Flechner SM. Transmission of EBV by a transplanted kidney, with activation by OKT3 antibody. Transplantation 1989; 48: 141-4.
57. Mäher ER, Chappell ME, Amlot P, Sweny P, Fernando ON, Moorhead JF. Epstein-Barr virus associated lymphoproliferation arising in renal allograft. Nephron 1989; 51: 581-2.
58. Chadburn A, Suciu-Foca N, Cesarman E, Reed H, Michler R, Knowles D. Post-transplantation lymphoproliferative disorders arising in solid organ transplant recipients are usually of recipient origin. Am J Pathol 1995; 147: 1862-70.
59. Weissmann D, Ferry J, Harris N, Louis D, Delmonico F, Spirp I. Post-transplantation lymphoproliferative disorders in solid organ recipients are predominantly aggressive tumors of host origin. Am J Clin Pathol 1995; 103: 748-55.
60. Cherqui D, Duvoux C, Plassa F, Gaulard P, et al. Lymphoproliferative disorder of donor origin in a liver transplant recipient : Complete remission after drastic reduction of immunosuppression without graft loss. Transplantation 1993; 56: 1023-6.
61. Hjelle B, Evans-Holm M, Yen TDB, Garovoy M, Guis M, Edman JC. A poorly differentiated lymphoma of donor origin in a renal allograft recipient. Transplantation 1989; 47: 945-8.
62. Meduri G, Fromentin L, Vieillefond A, Fries D. Donor-related nonHodgkin's lymphoma in a renal allograft recipient. Transplant Proc 1991; 23: 2649.
63. Spiro IJ, Yandell DW, Li C, Saini S, et al. Brief report: Lymphoma of donor origin occuring in the porta hepatis of a transplanted liver. N EngI J Med 1993 ; 329: 27-9.
64. RenouIt E, Aymard B, Grégoire MJ, Bellou A, et al. Epstein-Barr virus lymphoproliferative disease of donor origin after kidney transplantation: A case report. AJKD 1995; 26: 84-7.
65. Godyn JJ, Hicks DG, Hsu SH, Kant J, et al. Demonstration of passenger leucocytes in a case of Epstein-Barr virus post-tranplant lymphoproliferative disorder using restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Arch Pathol Lab Med 1992; 116: 249-52.
66. Hegele RG, Bicknell SG, Bailey DJ, Cameron RG. In situ hybridization for the Y chromosome reveals a donor origin for a posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder in a sex-mismatched hepatic allograft. Arch Pathol Lab Med 1994; 118: 795-6.
67. Armes JE, Angus P, Southey MC, Battagla SE, Ross BC, Jones RMJ. VD. Lymphoproliferative disease of donor origin arising in patients after orthotopic liver transplantation. Cancer 1994; 74: 2436-41.
68. Gambacorta M, Bonacina E, Falini B, Sabattini E, Pileri S. Malignant lymphoma in the recipient of a heart transplant from a donor with malignant lymphoma. Lymphoma transplantation or de novo disease. Transplantation 1991 ; 51: 920-2.
69. Konigsrainer A, Steurer W, Schumer J, Geissler D, et al. Transmission of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma through renal allografts. Disastrous result of false diagnosis and inadequate information. Tranplant Proc 1995 ; 25: 3075-6.
70. Schutt G, Engemann R, Gassei HJ, Elfeldt R, et al. Donor-transmitted non-Hodgkin's lymphoma after renal transplantation. A case report. Transplant Proc 1993 ; 25: 2131-2.
71. Caillard S, Marcellin L, Tongio MM, Woehl Jaegle ML, et al. Simultaneous lymphoma of donor origin in two renal transplant recipients. 8th Congress of the European Society for Organ Transplantation. Budapest, 1997.
72. Frizzera G, Hanto DW, Gajl Peczalska KJ. Polymorphic diffuse Bcell hyperplasias and lymphomas in renal transplant recipients. Cancer Res 1981 ;41:4262-79.
73. Rostaing L, Tkaczuk J, Rigal-Huguet F, Lloveras JJ, Durand D. Tcell gamma-delta lymphoproliferative disorders after renal transplantation. Transplant Proc 1994 ;27:1774-5.
74. Raftery MJ, Tidman MJ. Post-transplantation T-cell lymphoma of the skin. Transplantation 1988 ; 46: 475-7.
75. Euvrard S, Pouteil Noble C, Kaniyakis J, Ffrench M, et al. Brief report : Successive occurence of T-cell and B-cell lymphomas after renal transplantation in a patient with multiple cutaneous squamous-cell carcinomas. N Engl J Med 1992 ; 327: 1924-6.
76. Nalesnik MA, Jaffe R, Starzl TE. The pathology of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders occuring in the setting of Cyclosporine A-prednisone immunosuppression. Am J Pathol 1988; 133:173-92.
77. Hanto DW, Frizzera G, GajI-Peczalska KJ, Sakamoto K, et al. Epstein-Barr virus induced B-cell lymphoma after renal transplantation, acyclovir therapy and transition from polyclonal to monoclonal B-cell proliferation. N Engl J Med 1982; 306: 913-8.
78. Editorial. Lymphoma in organ transplant recipients. Lancet 1984; 1: 601-3.
79. Sabido O, Alamartine E, Barthélémy JC, Berthoux F. Overexpression of c-myc oncoprotein in B lymphocytes of renal transplant recipients with lymphoproliferative disorders. Transplantation 1993; 56:467-9.
80. Knowles DM, Cesarman E, Chadburn A, Frizzera G, Chen J, Rose EA, Michler R. Correlative morphologic and molecular genetic analysis demonstrates three distinct categories of post-transplantation lymphoproliferative disorders. Blood 1995 ; 85: 552-65.
81. Hestin D, Claudon M, Champigneulles J, Renoult E, Hubert J, Kessler M. Epstein-Barr virus-associated post-transplant B-cell lym-phoma presenting as allograft artery stenosis. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1996; 11: 1164-7.
82. Squiers EC, West JC, Leonard D, Latsha R, et al. Epstein-Barr virus-associated post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder presenting as perirenal transplant lymphocele. Transplantation 1993 ; 56: 1278.
83. Lien YHH, Schroter GPJ, 111 RW, Robinson WA. Complete remission and possible immune tolerance after multidrug combination chemotherapy for cyclosporine-related lymphoma in a renal transplant recipient with acute pancreatis. Transplantation 1991 ; 52:739-42.
84. Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Case 29-1991. N Engl J Med 1991 ; 325: 183-95.
85. Chen MC, Gau JP, Hwang WL, Young JH. Combination chemotherapy for post-transplant cyclosporine-related non Hodgkin's lymphoma. Transplantation 1993; 55: 1203.
86. Gonthier DM, Hartman G, Holley JL. Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder presenting as an isolated skin lesion. AJKD 1992; 19: 600-3.
87. Jones C, Bleau B, Buskard N, Magil A, et al. Simultaneous development of diffuse immunoblastic lymphoma in recipients of renal transplants from a single cadaver donor: Transmission of EpsteinBarr virus and trigerring by OKT3. AJKD 1994 ; 23: 130-4.
88. Pirsch JD, Stratta RJ, Sollinger HW, Hafez GR, et al. Treatment of severe Epstein-Barr virus induced lymphoproliferative syndrome with ganciclovir : Two cases after solid organ transplantation. Am J Med 1989; 86: 241-4.
89. Leblond V, Dorent R, Bilker M. Therapeutics issues in lymphoproliferative disorders: Treatment and outcome of 28 cases observed in a single center. Cancer in transplantation: Prevention and treatment. Kluwer academic publishers, 1996; 267-78.
90. Davis CL, Harrison KL, McVicar JP, Forg P, Bronner M, Marsh CL. Antiviral prophylaxis and the Epstein-Barr virus related post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder. Clin Transplant 1995 ; 9: 53-9.
91. Boyle T, Tamburini M, Berend K, Kizilbash A, Borowitch M, Lyerky H. Human B-cell lymphoma in severe combined immunodeficient mice after active infection with EBV. Surgery 1992; 112: 378.
92. Darenkov IA, Marcarelli MA, Basadonna GP, Friedmann AL, et al. Reduced incidence of Epstein-Barr virus-associated post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder using preemptive antiviral therapy. Transplantation 1997; 64: 848-52.
93. O'Brien S, Bernert R, Logan JL, Lien YH. Remission of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder after interferon alfa therapy. J Am Soc Nephrol 1997 ; 8: 1483-8.
94. Papadopoulos E, Ladanyi M, Emmanuel D. Infusions of donor leukocytes to treat Epstein-Barr virus-associated lymphoproliferative disorders after allogenic bone marrow transplantation. N Engl J Med 1994; 330: 1185-91.
95. Nalesnik M, Rao A, Furukawa H, Pham S, et al. Autologous lymphokine-activated killer cell therapy of Epstein-Barr virus-positive and negative lymphoproliferative disorders arising in organ transplant recipients. Transplantation 1997; 63: 1200-5.
96. Fischer A, Blanche S, Le Bidois J, Bordigoni P, et al. Anti-B-cell monoclonal antibodies in the treatment of severe B-cell lymphoproliferative syndrome following bone marrow and organ transplantation. N Engl J Med 1991 ; 324: 1451-6.
97. Durandy A, Benkerrou M, Fischer A. Anti-B-cell MAb therapy of post-transplant-related lymphoproliferative diseases. In: Touraine JL, Traeger J, Bétuel H, Dubernard JM, Revillard JP, Dupuy C, eds. Cancer in transplantation: Prevention and treatment. Proceedings of the 27th conference on transplantation and clinical immunology. Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1996 ; XXVII : 279-88.
98. Gamier JL, Berger F, Bétuel H, Vuillaume M, et al. Epstein-Barr virus associated lymphoproliferative diseases (B cell lymphoma) after transplantation. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1989 ; 4: 818-23.
99. Swinnen JL, Müllen M, Carr TJ, Costanzo MR, Fisher RI. Aggressive treatment for postcardiac transplant lymphoproliferation. Blood 1995; 86: 3333-40.
100. Hiesse C, Kriaa F, Rieu P, Goupy C, Benoît G, Charpentier B. Incidence and type of malignancies occuring after renal transplantation in conventionnally and cyclosporine-treated recipients : Analysis of a 20-year period in 1600 patients. Transplant Proc 1995 ; 27: 276-7.