Patterns of III nerve synkinesis

Strabismus

Volumn 6, Issue 4, 1998, Pages 181-190

  Shuttleworth, G N ^a   Steel, D H W ^a   Silverman, B W ^b   Harrad, R A ^a  

^a BRISTOL EYE HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF BRISTOL   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Cranial nerve III; Cranial nerve repair; Extraocular muscles; Nerve regeneration; Oculomotor nucleus; Synkinesis

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; CLINICAL ARTICLE; EXTRAOCULAR MUSCLE; EYE MOVEMENT; HUMAN; INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE; NERVE INJURY; NERVE PARALYSIS; NERVE REGENERATION; NERVE SPROUTING; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SYNKINESIS;

EID: 0032429464     PISSN: 09273972     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1076/stra.6.4.181.618     Document Type: Article

References (21)

1. Balkan R, Hoyt CS. Associated neurological abnormalities in congenital third nerve palsies. Am J Ophthalmol 1984;97:315-9.
2. Lepore FE, Glaser JS. Misdirection revisited. A critical appraisal of acquired oculomotor nerve synkinesis. Arch Ophthalmol 1980; 98:2206-9.
3. Sibony P, Lessell S, Gittinger JW. Acquired oculomotor synkinesis. Surv Ophthalmol 1984; 28: 382.
4. Bielchowsky A. Lectures on motor anomalies of the eyes: II. Paralysis of individual eye muscles. Arch Ophthalmol 1935; 13: 33.
5. Sibony PA, Evinger C, Lessell S. Retrograde horseradish peroxidase transport after oculomotor nerve injury. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1986; 27: 975-80.
6. Fernandez E, Pallini R, Gangitano C. Oculomotor nerve regeneration in rats. J Neurosurg 1987; 67: 428.
7. Guy J, Engel H, Lessner A. Acquired contralateral oculomotor synkinesis. Arch Neurol 1989; 46: 1021.
8. Brazis P. Localization of lesions of the oculomotor nerve: recent concepts. Mayo Clin Proc 1991; 66:1029.
9. Sunderland S, Hughes ESR. The pupillo-constrictor pathway and the nerves to the ocular muscles in man. Brain 1946; 69:301.
10. o Kerr FWL, Hollowell OW. Location of pupillomotor and accommodation fibres in the oculomotor nerve: Experimental observations on paralytic mydriasis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiat 1964; 27:473.
11. Weiss P, Hoag A. Competitive reinnervation of rat muscles by their own and foreign nerves. J Neurophysiol 1946; 9:413.
12. Eggers HM. Functional anatomy of the extra-ocular muscles. In: Tasman W, Jaeger EA, editors. Duane's Foundation of Clinical Ophthalmology. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven, 1993; Vol.1, Chapt. 31:4-5.
13. Ishikawa H, Inagaki M, Kitano S. The oculomotor nerve in the cavernous sinus and orbit. Orbit 1985; 5:91.
14. Batini C, Buisseret-Delmas C, Kado RT. Of the fibres of the III, IV, and VI cranial nerves of the cat. Arch Ital Biol 1979; 117:111.
15. Miyazaki S. Location of motorneurones in the oculomotor nucleus and the course of their axons in the oculomotor nerve. Brain Res 1985; 348:57.
16. Porter JD, Guthrie BL, Sparks DL. Innervation of monkey extraocular muscles: Localisation of sensory and motor neurons by retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase. J Comp Neurol 1983; 218: 208-19.
17. Atasever A, Durgun B, Celik H, Yilmaz E. Somatotopic organisation of the axons innervating the superior rectus muscle in the oculomotor nerve of the rat. Acta Anat 1993; 146:251-4.
18. Zak R, Slamovits T, Burde R. Oculomotor brainstem anatomy. nuclei to fascicles. J Neuro-oncol 1994; 18:241.
19. Bender MB, Fulton JF. Factors in functional recovery following section of the oculomotor nerve in monkeys. J Neurol Psychiat 1939; 4:285-92.
20. Porter JD, Burns LA, May PJ. Morphological substrate for eyelid movements: Innervation and structure of primate levator palpebrae superioris and orbicularis oculi muscles. J Comp Neurol 1989; 287:64-81.
21. Guy J. Engel HM, Lessner AM. Acquired contralateral oculomotor synkinesis. Arch Neurol 1989; 46:1021-3.