Episiotomy and perineal tears in low-risk uk primigravidae

Journal of Public Health (United Kingdom)

Volumn 20, Issue 4, 1998, Pages 422-427

  Williams, F L R ^a   Florey, C du V ^a   Mires, G J ^a   Ogston, S A ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF DUNDEE   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF DUNDEE   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

episiotomy; ethnicity; geographical variation; low risk primigravidae

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; ASIAN; CAUCASIAN; CHINESE; EPISIOTOMY; ETHNIC GROUP; FEMALE; FETUS DISTRESS; FORCEPS DELIVERY; GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION; HUMAN; LABOR; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MULTICENTER STUDY; NORMAL HUMAN; PERINEUM INJURY; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; PRIMIGRAVIDA; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RISK FACTOR; TREATMENT INDICATION; UNITED KINGDOM; VAGINAL DELIVERY;

ADULT; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES; EPISIOTOMY; FEMALE; GREAT BRITAIN; HUMANS; INCIDENCE; INFANT, NEWBORN; LABOR STAGE, SECOND; OBSTETRIC LABOR COMPLICATIONS; PARITY; PERINEUM; PREGNANCY; RISK FACTORS; STATE MEDICINE;

EID: 0032428791     PISSN: 17413842     EISSN: 17413850     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.pubmed.a024797     Document Type: Article

References (24)

1. Argentine Episiotomy Trial Collaborative Group. Routine vs selective episiotomy: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 1993; 2: 1517-1518.
2. Kaufman SC. Episiotomy. To cut or not to cut? Online J Curr Clin Trials Doc 1992; 16.
3. Rockner G, Olund A. The use of episiotomy in primiparas in Sweden. A descriptive study with particular focus on two hospitals. Ada Obstet Gynaecol Scand 1991; 70: 325-330.
4. Macfarlane A, Mugford M. Birth counts. Statistics of pregnancy and childbirth. London: HMSO, 1984.
5. Department of Health. NHS maternity statistics, England. 1989-90 to 1994-5. London: Department of Health, 1997.
6. Lewis TLT, Chamberlain GVP. Obstetrics by ten teachers, 15th edn. London: Edward Arnold, 1990.
7. Pernoll ML, Benson RC. Current obstetric and gynecologic diagnosis and treatment, 6th edn. Norwalk, CT: Appleton & Lange, 1987.
8. Carroli G, Belizan J, Stamp G. Episiotomy policies in vaginal births. In: Neilson JP, Crowther CA, Hodnett ED, Hofmeyr GJ, Keirse MJNC, eds. Pregnancy and childbirth module of the Cochrane database of systematic reviews, updated 2 December 1997. Available in The Cochrane Library (database on disk and CD-ROM). The Cochrane Collaboration; Issue 1. Oxford: Update Software; 1998. Updated quarterly.
9. Thacker SB, Banta HD. Benefits and risks of episiotomy: an interpretative review of the English language literature, 1860-1980. Obstet Gynaecol Surv 1983; 38: 322-338.
10. Larsson P-G, Platz-Christensen JJ, Bergman B, Wallstersson G. Advantage or disadvantage of episiotomy compared with spontaneous perineal laceration. Gynaecol Obstet Invest 1991; 31: 213-216.
11. Davis L, Riedman G. Recommendations for the management of low risk obstetric patients. Int Fedn Gynaecol Obstet 1991; 35: 107-115.
12. Tindall VR (Chair). Maternal study of intrapartum care for primigravidae in normal labour. Clinical Standards Advisory Group. London: HMSO, 1995.
13. Norius MJ. SPSS for Windows. Advanced Statistics Release 6.0. SPSS Inc., 1993.
14. Harrison RF, Brennan M, North PM, Reed JV, Wickam EA. Is routine episiotomy necessary? Br Med J 1984; 288: 1971-1975.
15. Sultman AH, Kamm MA, Hudson CN, Bartram CI. Third degree obstetric anal sphincter tears: risk factors and outcome of primary repair. Br Med J 1994; 308: 887-891.
16. Gerrits DD, Brand R, Bennebroek Gravenhorst J. The use of episiotomy in relation to the professional education of the delivery attendant. Eur J Obstet Gynaecol Reprod Biol 1994; 56: 103-106.
17. Zondervan KT, Buitendijk SE, Anthony SA, Van Rijssel EJC, Verkerk PH. Frequentie en determinanten van episiotomie in de tweedelijnsverloskunde in Nederland. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 1995; 139: 449-452.
18. Doherty PJ, Cohen I. Spontaneous vaginal deliveries and perineal trauma in Lucea, Jamaica. J Louisiana State Med Soc 1993; 145: 53.
19. Davis L, Riedmann G. Recommendations for the management of low risk obstetric patients. Int J Gynacol Obstet 1991; 35: 107-115.
20. Smith MA, Ruffin MT, Green LA. The rational management of labor. Am Fam Physician 1993; 47: 1471-1481.
21. Shiono P, Klebanoff MA, Carey JC. Midline episiotomies: more harm than good? Obstet Gynaecol 1990; 75: 765-770.
22. Walker MPR, Farine D, Rolbin SH, Ritchie JWK. Epidural anesthesia, episiotomy, and obstetric laceration. Obstet Gynecol 1991; 77: 668-671.
23. Sleep J. Spontaneous delivery. In: Alexander J, Levy V, Roch S, eds. Intrapartum care: a research based approach. London: Macmillan, 1992.
24. Department of Health. Changing childbirth. Part 1: Report of the expert maternity group. London: HMSO, 1993.