The influence of gas bubbles on sediment acoustic properties: In situ, laboratory, and theoretical results from Eckernforde Bay, Baltic Sea

Continental Shelf Research

Volumn 18, Issue 14-15, 1998, Pages 1859-1892

  Wilkens, R H ^a   Richardson, M D ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII   (United States)

^b NAVAL RESEARCH LABORATORY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACOUSTIC PROPERTY; BENTHIC BOUNDARY LAYER; BUBBLE; GAS; SEAWATER; SEDIMENT PROPERTY; TURBIDITY;

GERMANY;

EID: 0032427134     PISSN: 02784343     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0278-4343(98)00061-2     Document Type: Article

References (38)

1. Abegg, F., Anderson, A.L., 1977. The acoustic turbid layer in muddy sediments of Eckernförde Bay, Western Baltic Sea: methane concentration, saturation and bubble characteristics. Marine Geology 137, 137-147.
2. Anderson, A.L., Hampton, L.D., 1980a. Acoustics of gas-bearing sediments I. Background. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 67, 1865-1889.
3. Anderson, A.L., Hampton, L.D., 1980b. Acoustics of gas-bearing sediments II. Measurements and models. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 67, 1890-1903.
4. Anderson, A.L., Abegg, F., Hawkins, J.A., Duncan, M.E., Lyons, A.P., 1998. Bubble populations and acoustic interaction with the gassy seafloor of Eckernförde Bay. Continental Shelf Research 18, 1807-1838.
5. Barabagelata, A., Richardson, M.D., Miaschi, B., Muzi, E., Guerrini, P., Troiano, L., Akal, T., 1991. ISSAMS: an in situ sediment acoustic measurement system. In: Hovem, J.M., Richardson, M.D., Stoll, R.D. (Eds.), Shear Waves in Marine Sediments. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, pp. 305-312.
6. Boyle, F.A., Chotiros, N.P., 1995. A model for acoustic backscatter from muddy sediments. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 98, 525-530.
7. Brandes, H.G., Silva, A.J., Ag, A., Veryera, G.E., 1996. Consolidation and permeability characteristics of high porosity surficial sediments in Eckernförde Bay. Geo-Marine Letters 16, 175-181.
8. Briggs, K.B., Richardson, M.D., 1996. Variability in in-situ shear strength of gassy sediments. Geo-Marine Letters 16, 189-195.
9. Clay, C.S., Medwin, H., 1977. Acoustical Oceanography: Principles and Applications. Wiley, New York, 544pp.
10. Davis, A.M., Huws, D.G., Haynes, R., 1996. Geophysical ground-truthing experiments in Eckernförde Bay. Geo-Marine Letters 16, 160-166.
11. Duffy, S.M., Wheeler, S.J., Bennell, J.D., 1994. Shear modulus of kaolin containing methane bubbles. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering 120, 781-796.
12. Edgerton, H.E., Siebold, E., Vollbrecht, K., Werner, F., 1966. Morphologische untersuchungen am Mittel grund (Eckernförde Bucht, Westliche Ostsee). Meyniana 16, 37-50.
13. Floodgate, G.D., Judd, A.G., 1992. The origins of shallow gas. Continental Shelf Research 12, 1145-1156.
14. Friedrichs, C.T., Wright, L.D., 1995. Resonant internal waves and their role in transport of fine sediment in Eckernförde Bay, Baltic Sea. Continental Shelf Research 15, 1697-1721.
15. Fu, S.S., Wilkens, R.H., Frazer, L.N., 1996. Acoustic Lance: new in situ seafloor velocity profiles. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 99, 234-242.
16. Gardner, T.N., 1988. The acoustic properties of gassy soil. D. Phil. Thesis, Oxford University, 251pp.
17. Gassmann, F., 1951. Über die Elastizität Poröser Medien. Vierteljahrsschrift der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Zürich 96, 1-23.
18. Gehrmann, T., 1985. Scherwelenprofile im Flachwasserbereich-Anregung und Erennung von Scherwellen am Meersboden. Diploma thesis, Kiel University, 196pp.
19. Haynes, R., Davis, A., 1995. Using seismic reflection attributes to resolve sub-surface sediment characteristics. In: Wever, T.F., Proceedings of the Workshop Modelling Methane-rich Sediments of Eckernförde Bay, (Ed.), FWG Report 22, Forschungsanstalt der Bundeswehr für Wassershall-und Geophysik (FWG). Kiel, Germany, pp. 50-57.
20. Jackson, D.R., Williams, K.L., Wever, T.F., Friedrichs, C.T., Wright, L.D., 1998. Sonar evidence for methane ebullition in Eckernförde Bay. Continental Shelf Research (this issue).
21. Judd, A.G., Hovland, M., 1992. The evidence of shallow gas in marine sediments. Continental Shelf Research 12, 1081-1095.
22. Koller, D., Yi, Y., Shankar, P.M., Newhouse, V.L., 1992. High-speed bubble sizing using the double frequency technique for oceanographic applications. IEEE Journal of Ocean Engineering 17, 288-291.
23. Lambert, D.N., Walter, D.J., Hawkins, J.A., 1995. Delineation of shallow, subbottom gas concentrations using a narrow beam, high frequency acoustic system. In: Wever, T.F., (Ed.), Proceedings of the Workshop Modelling Methane-Rich Sediments of Eckernförde Bay, FWG Report 22, Forschungsanstalt der Bundeswehr für Wassershall-und Geophysik (FWG). Kiel, Germany, pp. 39-43.
24. Lyons, A.P., Duncan, M.E., Anderson, A.L., Hawkins, J.A., 1996. Predictions of the acoustic scattering response of free-methane bubbles in muddy sediments. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 99, 63-172.
25. Martens, C.S., Albert, D.B., Alperin, M.J., 1998. Biochemical processes controlling methane in gassy coastal sediments 1. A model coupling organic matter flux to gas production, oxidation and transport. Continental Shelf Research 18, 1741-1770.
26. Nittrouer, C.A., Lopez, G.R., Wright, L.D., Bentley, S.J., D'Andrea, A.F., Friedrichs, C.T., Craig, N.I., Sommerfield, C.K., 1998. Oceanographic processes and the preservation of sedimentary strata in Eckernförde Bay, Baltic Sea. Continental Shelf Research 18, 1689-1714.
27. Richardson, M.D., Briggs, K.B., 1996. In-situ and laboratory geoacoustic measurements in soft mud and hard-packed sand sediments: implications for high-frequency acoustic propagation and scattering. Geo-Marine Letters 16, 196-203.
28. Richardson, M.D., Muzi, E., Miaschi, B., Tugutcan, F., 1991. Shear wave gradients in near-surface sediments. In: Hovem, J.M., Richardson, M.D., Stoll, R.D., (Eds.), Shear Waves in Marine Sediments, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, pp. 295-304.
29. Schock, S.G., LeBlanc, L.R., DeBruin, D., Munro, L., 1995. Normal incident sediment classification using a wideband FM subbottom profiler. In: Wever, T.F., (Ed.), Proceedings of the Workshop Modelling Methane-Rich Sediments of Eckernförde Bay, FWG Report 22, Forschungsanstalt der Bundeswehr für Wassershall-und Geophysik (FWG). Kiel, Germany, pp. 44-49.
30. Schüler, F., 1952. Untersuchungen über die Mächtigkeiten von Schlickschichten mit Hilfe des Echographen. Deutsche Hydrographische Zeitschrift 5, 220-231.
31. Silva, A.J., Brandes, H.G., Veyera, G.E., 1996. Geotechnical characterization of surfical high-porosity sediments in Eckernförde Bay. Geo-Marine Letters 16, 167-174.
32. Stoll, R.D., Bautista, E.O., 1998. Using the Biot theory to establish a baseline geoacoustic model for seafloor sediments. Continental Shelf Research 18, 1839-1857.
33. Wever, T.F., Abegg, F., Fiedler, H.M., Fechner, G., Stender, I.H., 1998. Shallow gas in the muddy sediments of Eckernförde Bay, Germany. Continental Shelf Research 18, 1715-1739.
34. Wever, T.F., Fiedler, H.M., 1995. Variability of acoustic turbidity in Eckernförde Bay (southwest Baltic Sea) related to the annual temperature cycle. Marine Geology 125, 21-27.
35. Wheeler, S.J., 1988. A conceptual model for soils containing large gas bubbles. Géotechnique 38, 389-397.
36. Wheeler, S.J., Gardnerm T.N., 1989. The elastic moduli of soils containing large gas bubbles, Géotechnique 39, 333-342.
37. Whiticar, M.J., 1978. Relationship of interstitial gases and fluids during early diagensis in some marine sediments. Report 35, Sonderforshungsbereich 95, University Kiel, 152pp.
38. Whiticar, M.J., 1982. The presence of methane bubbles in the acoustically turbid sediments of Eckernförder Bay, Baltic Sea. In: Fanning, K.A., Manheim, F.T., (Eds.), Dynamic Environment of the Ocean Floor, Lexington Books, Lexington, MA pp. 219-235