Constructing the human cerebral cortex during infancy and childhood: Types and numbers of cortical columns and numbers of neurons in such columns at different age-points

Pediatrics International

Volumn 40, Issue 6, 1998, Pages 530-543

  Landing, Benjamin H ^a   Shankle, William R ^b   Hara, J ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^c KEIO UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

Author keywords

Cortical column; Human development; Neuron density; Neuron number; Postnatal

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; BRAIN CORTEX; BRAIN DEVELOPMENT; BRAIN METABOLISM; CELL DENSITY; CHILD; CLINICAL ARTICLE; HUMAN; INFANT; NERVE CELL; POSTNATAL DEVELOPMENT; PREFRONTAL CORTEX; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PYRAMIDAL NERVE CELL;

AGING; BRAIN MAPPING; CELL COUNT; CEREBRAL CORTEX; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; DATA INTERPRETATION, STATISTICAL; HUMANS; INFANT; INFANT, NEWBORN; NEURONS; ORGAN SIZE;

EID: 0032421683     PISSN: 13288067     EISSN: 1442200X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-200X.1998.tb01986.x     Document Type: Article

References (28)

1. Blinkov Sm, Glezer I. The Human Brain in Figures and Tables. Plenum Press, NY, 1968.
2. Conel Jl. Postnatal development of the human cerebral cortex. The Cortex of the Newborn, Vol. I. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 1939.
3. Conel Jl. Postnatal development of the human cerebral cortex. The Cortex of the One-Month Infant, Vol. 2. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 1941.
4. Conel Jl. Postnatal development of the human cerebral cortex. The Cortex of the Three-Month Infant, Vol. 3. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 1942.
5. Conel Jl. Postnatal development of the human cerebral cortex. The Cortex of the Six-Month Infant, Vol. 4. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 1951.
6. Conel Jl. Postnatal development of the human cerebral cortex. The Cortex of the Fifteen-Month Infant, Vol. 5. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 1955.
7. Conel Jl. Postnatal development of the human cerebral cortex. The Cortex of the Twenty-Four Month Infant, Vol. 6. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 1959.
8. Conel Jl. Postnatal development of the human cerebral cortex. The Cortex of the Forty-Eight Month Infant, Vol. 7. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 1963.
9. Conel Jl. Postnatal development of the human cerebral cortex. The Cortex of the Seventy-Two-Month Infant, Vol. 8. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 1967.
10. Von Economo C. The Cytoarchitectonics of the Human Cerebral Cortex. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1929.
11. Shankle Wr, Landing Bh, Rani Ms, Schiano A., Chen Jm, Hara J. Evidence for a postnatal doubling of neuron number in the developing human cerebral cortex between 15 months and six years. J Theor. Biol. 1998; 191: 115tt).
12. Shankle Wr, Romney Ak, Landing Bh, Hara J. Developmental patterns in the cytoarchitecture of the human cerebral cortex from birth to 6 years: Examined by correspondence analysis. PNAS 1998; 95: 4023–8.
13. Shankle Wr, Ram Ms, Landing Bh, Fallon Jh. Numbers of neurons in Von Economo areas of the left hemisphere and in the entire cortex of the developing human brain from birth to 72 months: Evidence for a post-natal increase in neuron numbers. Ped. Dev. Pathol. 1998; (in press).
14. Shankle R., Rafii Ms, Landing Bh. Functional relationships associated with pattern of development in human cerebral cortex. Concepts Neuroscience 1993; 4: 77–87.
15. Jacobson M. Developmental Neurobiology, 3rd edn. Plenum Press, NY, 1991.
16. Sisodoya S., Free S., Fish D., Shorwon S. MRI-based surface area estimates in the normal adult human brain: Evidence for structural organization. J. Anat. 1996; 188: 425–38.
17. Landing Bh, Shankle Wr, Boyd Jp. Quantitative microscopic anatomy, illustrated by its potential role in furthering understanding of the processes of structuring the developing human cerebral cortex. Acta Pediatr. Jpn. 1998; 40: 400–18.
18. Braitenberg V., SchÜZ A. Anatomy of the Cortex: Statistics and Geometry, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1991.
19. Douglas Rj, Martin Ka. A functional microcircuit for cat visual cortex. J. Physiol. 1991; 440: 735–69.
20. Leise Em. Modular construction of neuron systems: A basic principle of design for invertebrates and vertebrates. Brain Res. Rev. 1990; 15: 1–23.
21. Landing Bh, Dixon Lg, Wells Tr. Studies on isolated human skeletal muscle fibers, including a proposed pattern of nuclear distribution and a concept of nuclear territories. Hum. Pathol. 1974; 5: 444–61.
22. Lewis Pt. The effect of cell division on the size and shape of hexagonal cells. Anat. Pathol. 1926; 33: 331–55.
23. Koenderink Mjt, Uylings Hbm, Mrzljak L. Postnatal maturation of the layer 3 pyramidal neurons in the human prefrontal cortex: A quantitative Golgi analysis. Brain Res. 1994; 653: 173–82.
24. Koenderink Mjt, Uylings Hbm. Postnatal maturation of layer 5 pyramidal neurons in the human prefrontal cortex. A quantitative Golgi analysis. Brain Res. 1995; 678: 233–3.
25. Stevens C. Two principles of brain organization: A challenge for artificial neural networks. In: Gardner D., ed. The Neurobiology of Neural Networks. MIT Press, Cambridge, 1993, 13–20.
26. Rail W. The theoretical foundation of dendritic function. In: Segev I., Rinzel J., Shepherd Gm, eds. MIT Press, Cambridge, 1955.
27. Rail W. The theoretical foundation of dendritic function. In: Seger I., Rinzel J., Shepherd Gm, eds. MIT Press, Cambridge, 1995; 38, 290, 295, 300.
28. Benson Df. The Neurology of Thinking. Oxford University Press, New York, 1994.