Reshaping boundaries: International ethics and environmental consciousness in the early twentieth century

Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers

Volumn 23, Issue 2, 1998, Pages 151-175

  Bell, Morag ^a  

^a LOUGHBOROUGH UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Citizenship; Edinburgh; Ethics; Geographical science; International consciousness place; Modernity; Scotland

Indexed keywords

CITIZENSHIP; ETHICS; MAN-ENVIRONMENT RELATIONS; PERCEPTION; THEORETICAL STUDY;

EID: 0032416636     PISSN: 00202754     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.0020-2754.1998.00151.x     Document Type: Article

References (169)

1. Adas M 1989 Machines as the measures of wen: science, technology and western dominance Cornell University Press, Ithaca NY
2. Adams I H Crosbie A J and Gordon G 1984 The making of Scottish geography. WO years of the RSGS Department of Geography, University of Edinburgh, and the Royal Scottish Geographical Society, Edinburgh
3. Amery L S 1953 England before the storm, 1896-1914 Hutchinson, London
4. Anderson R D 1995 Education and the Scottish people, 1750-1918 Clarendon Press, Oxford
5. Bassin M 1996 Nature, geopolitics and Marxism: ecological contestations in Weimar Germany Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers 21 315-41
6. Bell M 1995a Edinburgh and empire. Geographical science and citizenship for a 'new' age, ca. 1900 Scottish Ceograpliical Magazine 111 139-49
7. Bell M 1995b A woman's place in a white man's country. Rights, duties and citizenship for the 'new' South Africa, ca. 1902 Ecwnene 2 129-48
8. Bell M Butlin R A and Heffernan M J eds 1995 Geography and imperialism, 1820-1940 Manchester University Press, Manchester
9. Bell M and McEwan C 1996 The admission of women Fellows to the Royal Geographical Society, 1892-1914: the controversy and the outcome Geographical Journal 162 295-312
10. Berkman J A 1989 Tlie healing imagination of Olive Schreiner. Beyond South African colonialism Plantin, Oxford
11. Berman M 1982 All that is solid melts into air. The experience of modernity Simon and Schuster, New York
12. Berman M 1995 In the forest of symbols: some notes on modernism in New York in Kasinitz P ed. Metropolis: centre and symbol of our times Macmillan, London 130-45
13. Bhabha H K 1994 The location of culture Routledge, London
14. Billig M 1995 Banal nationalism Sage, London
15. Blunt A 1994 Travel, gender ant! imperialism. Mary Kingsley and West Africa Guildford Press, London
16. Boardman P 1978 The worlds of Patrick Geddes. Biologist, town planner, re-educator, peace-warrior Routledge and Kegan Paul, London
17. Bowden P 1997 Caring. Gender-sensitive ethics Routledge, London
18. Bowler P 1989 The invention of progress: the Victorians and the past Blackwell, Oxford
19. Boyer M C 1983 Dreaming the rational city. The myth of American urban planning MIT Press, Cambridge MA
20. Bridges R C 1985 The foundation and early years of the Aberdeen branch of the Royal Scottish Geographical Society Scottish Geograpliical Magazine 101 77-84
21. Bryce J 1902 The importance of geography in education Scottish Geographical Magazine 18 113-24
22. Bryce J 1909 The hindrances to good citizenship Yale University Press, New Haven CT
23. Buchanan W 1989 Mackintosh's niastenmrk. The Glasgow School of Art Richard Drew, London
24. Bulmer M and Rees A M eds 1996 Citizenship today: the contemporary relevance of T H Marshall UCL Press, London
25. Bures R 1991 Ethical dimensions of human attitudes to nature Radical Philosophy 57 10-13
26. Chapman E F 1906 Letter to the editor Scottish Geographical Magazine 22 159-60
27. Collotti E 1990 Nationalism, anli-semitism, socialism and political Catholicism as expressions of mass politics in the twentieth century in Teich M and Porter R eds F in de siècle and its legacy Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 80-97
28. Colls R and Dodd P eds 1986 Englishness. Politics and culture, 1880-1920 Croom Helm, London
29. Cook T 1984 A reconstruction of the world/George R Parkin's British Empire map of 1893 Carlographia 21 53-65
30. Cosgrove D 1992 The Palladian landscape: geographical change and its cultural representations in sixteenth century Italy Leicester University Press, Leicester
31. Cosgrove D 1994 Contested global visions: one-world, whole-earth, and the Apollo space photographs Annals of the Association of American Geographers 84 270-94
32. Crump J 1986 The identity of English music: the reception of Elgar, 1898-1935 in Colls R and Dodd P eds Englishness. Politics and culture, 1880-1920 Croom Helm, London 164-90
33. Daniels S 1993 Fields of vision: landscape imagery and national identity in England and the United States Polity Press, Cambridge
34. Domosh M 1991 Towards a feminist historiography of geography Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers 16 95-104
35. Driver F 1992 Geography's empire: histories of geographical knowledge Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 10 23-40
36. Duncan J 1994 The politics of landscape and nature, 1992-93 Progress in Human Geography 18 361-70
37. Felkin R W 1891 On acclimatisation Scottish Geographical Magazine 7 647-56
38. Fleure H J 1919 Human regions Scottish Geographical Magazine 35 94-105
39. Fleure H J 1965 A J Herbertson and his work Geography 50 348-9
40. Freeden M 1990 Reassessing J A Hobson: humanism and welfare Unwin Hyman, London
41. Freeman T VV 1977 Hugh Robert Mill 1861-1951 in Freeman T VV Oughton M and Pinchemel P eds Geographers. Biobibliograpliical studies I 73-8
42. Freeman T W 1984 The Manchester and Royal Scottish Geographical Societies Geographical Journal 150 55-62
43. Geddes P 1902a Edinburgh and its region. Geographic and historical Scottish Geographical Magazine 18 302-12
44. Geddes P 1902b Note on draft plan for Institute of Geography Scottish Geographical Magazine 18 142-4
45. Geddes P 1902c Nature study and geographical education Scottish Geographical Magazine 18 525-36
46. Geddes P 1904 City development. A study of parks, gardens and culture-institutes A report to the Carnegie Dunfermline Trust, Saint George Press, Birmingham
47. Geddes P 1915 Cities in evolution. An introduction to the town planning movement and to the study of civics William and Norgate, London
48. Geddes P 1919 Beginnings of a survey of Edinburgh Scottish Geographical Magazine 35 281-98
49. Geddes P and colleagues 1906 A first visit to the Outlook Tower The Outlook Tower, Castlehill, Edinburgh
50. Gilbert E W 1965 Andrew John Herbertson, 1865-1915. An appreciation of his life and work Geography 50 313-31
51. Godlewska A and Smith N eds 1994 Geography and empire Blackwell, Oxford
52. Grove R H 19S9 Scottish missionaries, evangelical discourse and the origins of conservation thinking in Southern Africa, 1820-1900 Journal of Southern African Studies 15 163-88
53. Grove R H 1990 The origins of environmentalism Nature 3 May 5-11
54. Grove R H 1995 Imperialism and the discourse of desiccation: the institutionalisation of global environmental concerns and the role of the Royal Geographical Society, 1860-1880 in Bell M Butlin R A and Heffernan M J eds Geography and imperialism 1820-19-10 Manchester University Press, Manchester 36-52
55. Hall P 1988 Cities of tomorrow Blackwell, Oxford
56. Hamilton D 1981 The healers. A history of medicine in Scotland Canongate, Edinburgh
57. Harrison B 1987 Prudent revolutionaries. Portraits of British feminists between the irnrs Clarendon Press, Oxford
58. Harvey D 1989a The condition of postmodernity. An enquiry into the origins of cultural change Blackwell, Oxford
59. Harvey D 1989b Tlie urban experience Blackwell, Oxford
60. Harvey D 1996 Justice, nature and the geography of difference Blackwell, Oxford
61. Hays S 1959 Conservation and the gospel of efficiency. The progressive conservation movement, 1890-1920 Harvard University Press, Cambridge MA
62. Headrick D 1988 The tentacles of progress: technology transfer in the age of imperialism, 1850-1940 Oxford University Press, Oxford
63. Hcnnegan A 1990 Personalities and principles: aspects of literature and life in fin-de-siècle England in Teich M and Porter R eds Fin de siècle and its legacy Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 170-215
64. Herbertson A J 1902 Geography in the university Scottisli Geographical Magazine 18 124-32
65. Herbertson A J 1905 The major natural regions of the world. An essay in systematic geography Geographical Journal 25 300-12
66. Herbertson A J 1907 Geography in Adamson J W ed. The practice of instruction National Society's Depository, London, 191-248
67. Herbertson A J 1913 The higher units. A geographical essay Scientia 14 199-212 (reprinted in Geography (1965) 20 332-42)
68. Herbertson A J 1915 Regional environment, heredity and consciousness Geographical Teacher 8 143-53
69. Herbertson A J and Howarth O J R eds 1914 The Oxford survey of the British Empire 6 vols Clarendon, Oxford
70. Hirst P and Thompson G 1996 Globalisation in question. The international economy and the politics of governance Polity Press, Cambridge
71. Hobhouse L T 1906 Morals in evolution. A study of comparative ethics Chapman and Hall, London
72. Holdich T H 1902 The progress of geographical knowledge Scottish Geographical Magazine 18 504-25
73. Honorary Secretary 1897 The Cockburn Association. A short account of its objects and its work Edinburgh Press, Edinburgh
74. Howkins A 1986 The discovery of rural England in Colls R and Dodd P eds Englishness. Politics and culture, 1880-1920 Croom Helm, London 62-88
75. Inter-Agency Committee on Global Environmental Change: Report of Expert Panel 1996 UK national strategy for global environmental research Research Council's Joint Reprographic Service, London
76. Iriye A 1997 Cultural internationalism and world order Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore MD
77. Jacobs J 1961 The death and life of great American cities. The failure of town planning Cape, London
78. Jay L J 1965 A J Herbertson. His services to geography Geography 50 350-61
79. Jay L J 1979 Andrew John Herbertson, 1865-1915 in Freeman T VV Oughton M and Pinchemel P eds Geographers. Biobibliographical studies 3 85-92
80. Jones C and Porter R 1994 Reassessing Foucault. Power, medicine and the body Routledge, London
81. Keltic J S and Howarth O J R 1913 History of geography Watts and Co, London
82. Kerr J 1913 Scottish education, school and university. From early time to 1908 with an addendum 190S-1913 Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
83. Kinchin J 1996 Mackintosh and the city in Kaplan W ed. Charles Réunie Mackintosh Abbeville Press, London 31-64
84. King A D 1990 Global cities. Post-imperialism and the internationalisation of London Routledge, London
85. Kitchen P 1975 A most unsettling person. An introduction to the ideas and life of Patrick Ceddes Gollancz, London
86. Kristeva J 1991 Strangers to ourselves Harvester Wheatsheaf, London
87. Livingstone D N 1992 The geographical tradition Blackwell, Oxford
88. Livingstone D N 1995a The polity of nature: representation, virtue and strategy Ecumene 2 353-77
89. Livingstone D N 1995b The spaces of knowledge: contributions towards a historical geography of science Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 135-34
90. Lockhead E 1981 Scotland and the cradle of modern academic geography Scottish Geographical Magazine 97 98-109
91. Lockhead E 1984 The Royal Geographical Society: the setting and sources of its success Scottish Geographical Magazine 100 69-SO
92. MacKenzie J M 1986 Propaganda and empire Manchester University Press, Manchester
93. MacKenzie J M ed. 1990 Imperialism and the natural icorld Manchester University Press, Manchester
94. MacKenzie J M 1992 Geography and imperialism: British provincial geographical societies in Driver F and Rose G eds Nature and society: essays in the history of geographical knowledge Historical Geography Research Series No. 28 49-62
95. MacKenzie J M 1993 Essay and reflection: on Scotland and empire International History Review 15 714-39
96. MacKenzie J M 1995a Orientalism. History, theory and the arts Manchester University Press, Manchester
97. MacKenzie J M 1995b The provincial geographical societies in Britain, 1884-1914 in Bell M Butlin R A and Heffernan M J eds Geography and imperialism, 1820-1940 Manchester University Press, Manchester 93-124
98. MacKenzie J M 1997 The second city of empire: Glasgow, imperial municipality? Paper presented at the Imperial Cities Conference, Royal Holloway and Bedford New College, University of London, 2-3 May
99. MacKenzie N ed. 1978 The letters of Sidney and Beatrice Webb. Volume 2. Partnership, 1892-1912 Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
100. Mackinder H J 1887 On the scope and methods of geography Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society 9 141-60
101. Maddrell A 1996 Empire, emigration and school geography. Changing discourses of imperial citizen-ship, 1880-1925 Journal of Historical Geography 22 373-87
102. Maddrcll A 1997 Scientific discourse and the geographical work of Marion Newbigin Scottish Geographical Magazine 113 33-41
103. Mairet P 1957 Pioneer of sociology: the life anil letters of Patrick Geddes Lund Humphries, London
104. Malchow H 1985 Public gardens and social action in late Victorian London Victorian Studies 29 97-124
105. Marsden W E 1979a Archibald Geikie, 1835-1924 in Freeman T W ed. Geographers. Biobibliographical Studies 3 39-52
106. Marsden W E 1979b James Geikie, 1839-1915 in Freeman T W Oughton M and Pinchemel P eds Geographers. Biobibliographical studies 3 53-7
107. Massey D 1991 A global sense of place Marxism Today June 24-9
108. Massey D 1993 Power geometry and a progressive sense of place in Bird J Curtis B Putman T Robertson G and Tickner L eds Mapping the futures. Local cultures, global c/MHe-Routledge, London 59-69
109. Massey D 1994 Space, place and gender Polity Press, Cambridge
110. Massey D 1995 Places and their pasts History Workshop 39 182-92
111. Matless D 1992 Regional surveys and local knowledges: the geographical imagination in Britain, 1918-39 Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers 17 464-80
112. McBriar A 1987 Edwardian mixed doubles. The Bosanquets versus the Wcbbs. A study in Britisli social policy, 1890-3929 Clarendon Press, Oxford
113. McEwan C 1995 The mother of all the peoples': geographical knowledge and the empowering of Mary Slessor in Bell M Btitlin R A and Heffeman M J eds Geography and imperialism, 1820-1940 Manchester University Press, Manchester 125-50
114. Melier H 1990 Patrick Geddes. Social evolutionist and city planner Routledge, London
115. Meiler H 1995 Philanthropy and public enterprise: international exhibitions and the modern town planning movement, 1889-1913 Planning Perspectives 10 295-310
116. Mercer C 1997 Geographies for the present: Patrick Geddes, urban planning and the human sciences Economy and Society 26 211-32
117. Mill H R 1891 The realm of nature. An outline of physiography John Murray, London
118. Mill H R ed. 1899 The international geography by seventy authors Macmillan, London
119. Mill H R1951 An autobiography Longmans, Green and Co, London
120. Mitter P 1995 Close encounters with far pavilions The Times Higher Educational Supplement 24 November 22
121. Mohanty C 1991 Cartographies of struggle: third world women and the politics of feminism in Mohanty C Russo A and Torres L eds Third world women and the politics of feminism Indiana University Press, Bloomington 1-47
122. Morley D and Robins K 1995 Tradition and translation. National culture in its global context in Spaces of identity Routledge, London 105-24
123. Nash C 1996 Geo-centric education and anti-imperialism: theosophy, geography and citizenship in the writings of J H Cousins Journal of Historical Geography 22 399-411
124. Newbigin M I 1898 Colour in nature. A study in biology John Murray, London
125. Newbigin M I 1911 Modern geography Williams and Norgate, London
126. Newbigin M I 1912 Man and his conquest of nature Adam and Charles Black, London
127. Newbigin M I 1914 The British empire beyond the seas. An introduction to world geography Bell and Sons Ltd, London
128. Newbigin M I 1919a Report on 'diversity in man' Geographical Journal 53 429
129. Newbigin M I 1919b The 'Edinburgh' number: an editorial epilogue Scottish Geographical Magazine 35 328-30
130. Newbigin M I 1922 Human geography: first principles and some applications Scottish Geographical Magazine 38 209-21
131. Newbigin M I 1929 A new regional geography of the world Christophers, London
132. Newbigin M I 1934 Editorial. The Royal Scottish Geographical Society: the first fifty years. Scottish Geographical Magazine 50 257-69
133. Orange A D 1981 The beginnings of the British Association, 1831-51 in Macleod R and Collins P eds The parliament of science, 1831-1981 Northwood, London 43-64
134. Press and Propaganda Committee 1918 The league of Free Nations Association National Press Agency Ltd, London Pursell C 1969 Readings in technology and American life Oxford University Press, Oxford
135. Raban J 1974 Soft city Hamilton, London
136. Richards T 1990 The commodity culture of Victorian England: advertising and spectacle, 1851-1914 Stanford University Press, Stanford CA
137. Rimmer D 1981 Basic needs and the origins of the development ethos Journal of Developing Areas 15 215-38
138. Ripley W Z 1899 The races of Europe. A sociological study Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner, London
139. Robbins D 1996 Glasgow School of Art and the Glasgow style in Kaplan IV ed. diaries Réunie Mackintosh Abbeville Press, London 65-88
140. Robertson C J 1973 Scottish geographers: the first hundred years Scottish Geographical Magazine 89 5-18
141. Robson B T 1981 Geography and social science: the role of Patrick Geddes in Stoddart D R ed. Geography, ideology and social concern Blackwell, Oxford 186-207
142. RSGS 1884 Prospectus as approved by Council 31 October
143. Rubin B 1979 Aesthetic ideology and urban design Annals of the Association of American Geographers 69 339-61
144. Said E 1993 Culture and imperialism Chatto and Windus, London
145. Searle G 1971 The quest for national efficiency: n study in British politics and political thought, 1899-1914 Blackwell, Oxford
146. Semmel B 1960 Imperialism and social reform. English social-imperial thought, 1895-1914 George Allen and Unwin, London
147. Shteir A 1996 Cultivating women, cultivating science: Flora's daughters and botany in England 1760-1860 Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore MD
148. Simmel G 1971 The metropolis and mental life in Levine D ed. On individuality and social forms. Selected readings by Georg Simmel Chicago University Press, Chicago 324-39
149. Smith D M 1997 Back to the good life: towards an enlarged conception of social justice Environment and "Planning D: Society and Space 15 19-35
150. Smith J 1992 The slightly different thing that is said. Writing the aesthetic experience in Barnes T and Duncan J eds Writing worlds. Discourse, text and metaphor in the representation of landscape Routledge, London 73-85
151. Smout T C 1991 The Highlands and the roots of green consciousness, 1750-1990 Proceedings of the British Academy 76 237-63
152. Stamp L D 1957 Major natural regions: Herbertson after fifty years Geography 42 201-16
153. Stevenson W I 1978 Patrick Geddes, 1854-1932 in Freeman T W Oughton M and Pinchemel P eds Geographers. Biobibliograpliical studies 2 53-65
154. Stoddart D R 1981 Geography, ideology and social concern Blackwell, Oxford
155. Stoddart D R 1986 On geography and its history Blackwell, Oxford
156. Teich M and Porter R eds 1990 Fin de siècle and its legacy Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
157. Tillyard S 1988 The impact of modernism 1900-1920. Early modernism and the arts and crafts movement in Edwardian England Routledge, London
158. Tronto J 1993 Moral boundaries. A political argument for an ethic of care Routledge, London
159. Tuan Yi-Fu 1974 Space and place: humanistic perspective Progress in Human Geography 6 233-46
160. Turner A L 1933 History of the University of Edinburgh, 1883-1933 Oliver and Boyd, London
161. Turner B S 1993 Citizenship and social theory Sage, London Unstead J F 1965 A J Herbertson and his work Geography 50343-7
162. Ward D 1984 The progressives and the urban question: British and American responses to the inner city slums, 1880-1920 Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers 9 299-314
163. Warren A 1986 Citizens of the empire. Baden-Powell, scouts and guides and an imperial idea, 1900-40 in MacKenzie J M ed. Imperialism and popular culture Manchester University Press, Manchester 232-56
164. Whitworth S 1994 Feminism and international relations Macmillan, London
165. Williamson E Riches A and Higgs M 1990 Glasgow. The buildings of Scotland Penguin, Harmondsworth
166. Wise M 1993 The campaign for geography in education: the work of the Geographical Association 1893-1993 Geography 78 101-9
167. Withers C W J 1991 The Rev. Dr John Walker and the practice of natural history in late eighteenth century Scotland Archives of Natural History 18 210-20
168. Withers C W J 1996 Geography, science and national identity in early modern Britain: the case of Scotland in the work of Sir Robert Sibbald (1641-1722) Annals of Science 53 29-73
169. Young T 1996 Social reform through parks: the American Civic Association's program for a better America Journal of Historical Geography 22 460-72