Protein and energy requirements in healthy and ill paediatric patients

Bailliere's Clinical Gastroenterology

Volumn 12, Issue 4, 1998, Pages 631-645

  Bresson, Jean Louis ^a,b  

^a Department of Nutrition ^*  (France)

^b HÔPITAL NECKER ENFANTS MALADES   (France)

Author keywords

Energy; Energy expenditure; Protein requirements; Protein turnover

Indexed keywords

CYTOKINE;

ARTICLE; CALORIC INTAKE; CHILD; ENERGY EXPENDITURE; FOOD INTAKE; HUMAN; INFANT; MALNUTRITION; METABOLIC DISORDER; NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENT; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN DEGRADATION; PROTEIN INTAKE; PROTEIN MALNUTRITION; PROTEIN METABOLISM; PROTEIN SYNTHESIS;

EID: 0032416033     PISSN: 09503528     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0950-3528(98)90001-X     Document Type: Article

References (69)

1. Arnold J, Leinhardt D, Carlson G et al (1992) Thermogenic and hormonal response to amino acid infusion in septic humans. American Journal of Physiology 263: E129-E135.
2. Ashworth A (1969a) Growth rates in children recovering from protein-calorie malnutrition. British Journal of Nutrition 23: 835-845.
3. Ashworth A (1969b) Metabolic rates during recovery from protein-calorie malnutrition: the specific need for a new concept of specific dynamic action. Nature 223: 407-409.
4. Ashworth A & Millward DJ (1986) Catch-up growth in children. Nutrition Reviews 44: 157-163.
5. Axelsson IEM & Rähiä NCR (1992) Protein and energy during weaning. Advances in Pediatrics 39: 405-440.
6. Baker JP, Detski AS, Stewart S et al (1984) Randomized trial of total parenteral nutrition in critically ill patients: metabolic effects of varying glucose-lipid ratios as the energy source. Gastroenterology 87: 53-59.
7. 2 production by leukocytic pyrogen (interleukin-1). New England Journal of Medicine 308: 553-558.
8. Beaton GH & Swiss LD (1974) Evaluation of the nutritional quality of food supplies: prediction of 'desirable' or 'safe' protein:calorie ratios. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 27: 485-504.
9. Beaton GH & Chery AC (1988) Protein requirements of infants: a reexamination of concepts and approaches. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 48: 1403-1412.
10. Beaufrère B, Bresson JL, Briend A et al (1997) Besoins en protéines des nourrissons et des enfants en bonne santé. Archives de Pédiatrie 4: 373-382.
11. de Benedetti F, Alonzi T, Moretta A et al (1997) Interleukin 6 causes growth impairment in transgenic mice through a decrease in insulin-like growth factor-I. Journal of Clinical Investigation 99: 643-650.
12. Bier DM (1989) Intrinsically difficult problems: the kinetics of body protein and amino acids in man. Diabetes and Metabolism Reviews 5: 111-132.
13. Bresson JL, Rey J, Poggi F et al (1994) Inborn errors of metabolism: a model for the evaluation of essential amino acid requirements. In Räihä NCR (ed.) Protein Metabolism During Infancy, pp 211-228. New York: Raven Press.
14. Brooke OG, Harris M & Salvosa CB (1973) The response of malnourished babies to cold. Journal of Physiology (London) 233: 75-91.
15. Brooke OG, Alvear J & Arnold M (1979) Energy retention, energy expenditure, and growth in healthy immature infants. Pediatric Research 13: 215-220.
16. Butte NF (1996) Energy requirements of infants. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 50 (supplement 1): S24-S36.
17. Castellino P, Luzi L, Simonson DC et al (1987) Effect of insulin and plasma amino acid concentration on leucine metabolism in man. Journal of Clinical Investigation 80: 1784-1793.
18. Chiolero RL, Breitenstein E, Thorin D et al (1989) Effects of propranolol on resting metabolic rate after severe head injury. Critical Care Medicine 17: 328-334.
19. Clowes GHA Jr, George BC, Villee CA Jr & Saravis CA (1983) Muscle proteolysis induced by a circulating peptide in patients with sepsis or trauma. New England Journal of Medicine 308: 545-552.
20. Collins S (1995) The limit of human adaptation to starvation. Nature Medicine 1: 810-814.
21. Cunningham JJ, Lydon MK & Russell WE (1990) Calorie and protein provision for recovery from severe burns in infants and young children. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 51: 553-557.
22. Davidson LA & Lönnerdal B (1987) Persistence of human milk proteins in the breast-fed infant. Acta Paediatrica Scandinavica 76: 733-740.
23. Denne SC & Kalhan SC (1987) Leucine metabolism in human newborns. American Journal of Physiology 253: E608-E615.
24. Dewey KG, Heinig MJ, Nommsen LA & Lönnerdal B (1991) Adequacy of energy intake among breast fed infants in the DARLING study: relationships to growth velocity, morbidity and activity levels. Journal of Pediatrics 119: 538-547.
25. Dewey KG, Heinig MJ, Nommsen LA et al (1992) Growth of breast-fed and formula-fed infants from 0 to 18 months: the DARLING study. Pediatrics 89: 1035-1041.
26. Dewey KG, Cohen RJ, Rivera CJ et al (1996a) Do exclusively breast-fed infants require extra protein? Pediatric Research 39: 303-307.
27. Dewey KG, Beaton G, Fjeld C et al (1996b) Protein requirements in infants and children. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 50 (supplement 1): S119-S150.
28. Duggan MB & Milner RDG (1986) The maintenance energy requirement for children: an estimate based on a study of children with infection associated underfeeding. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 43: 870-878.
29. Fomon SJ (1986) Protein requirements of term infants. In Fomon SJ & Heird WC (eds) Energy and Protein Needs During Infancy, pp 55-68. New York: Academic Press.
30. Fomon SJ, Haschke F, Ziegler EE & Nelson SE (1982) Body composition of reference children from birth to age ten years. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 35: 1169-1175.
31. Fomon SJ, Ziegler EE, Nelson SE & Frantz JA (1995) What is the safe protein-energy ratio for infant formula? American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 62: 358-363.
32. Forbes GB, Brown MR, Welle SL & Lipinski BA (1986) Deliberate overfeeding in women and men: energy cost and composition of weight gain. British Journal of Nutrition 56: 1-9.
33. Garlick PJ, McNurlan MA, Fern E et al (1980) Stimulation of protein synthesis and breakdown by vaccination. British Medical Journal 190: 263-265.
34. Gelfand RA, Matthews DE, Bier DM & Sherwin RS (1984) Role of counterregulatory hormones in the catabolic response to stress. Journal of Clinical Investigation 74: 2238-2248.
35. Golden MHN, Waterlow JC & Picou D (1977) Protein turnover, synthesis and breakdown before and after recovery from protein-energy malnutrition. Clinical Science and Molecular Medicine 5: 473-477.
36. Goran MI, Broemeling L, Herndon DH et al (1991) Estimating energy requirements in burned children: a new approach derived from measurements of energy expenditure. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 54: 35-40.
37. Graham GG, MacLean WC, Brown KH et al (1996) Protein requirements of infants and children: growth during recovery from malnutrition. Pediatrics 97: 499-505.
38. Grande F, Anderson JT & Keys A (1958) Changes in basal metabolic rate in man in semistarvation and refeeding. Journal of Applied Physiology 12: 230-238.
39. Greig PD, Elwyn DH, Askanazi J & Kinney JM (1987) Parenteral nutrition in septic patients: effect of increasing nitrogen intake. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 46: 1040-1047.
40. Harp JB, Goldstein S & Phillips LS (1991) Nutrition and somatomedin. XXIII. Molecular regulation of IGF-1 by amino acid availability in cultured hepatocytes. Diabetes 40: 95-101.
41. Harzer G & Bindels JG (1985) Changes in human milk immunoglobulin A and lactoferrin during early lactation. In Schaub J (ed.) Composition and Physiological Properties of Human Milk, pp 285-293. Amsterdam: Elsevier.
42. Heinig MJ, Nommsen LA, Peerson JM et al (1993) Energy and protein intake of breast-fed and formula-fed infants during the first year of life and their association with growth velocity. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 58: 152-161.
43. Huang PC, Lin CP & Hsu JY (1980) Protein requirements of normal infants at the age of about 1 year: maintenance nitrogen requirements and obligatory nitrogen losses. Journal of Nutrition 110: 1727-1735.
44. Jackson AA, Golden MHN, Byefield R et al (1983) Whole body protein turnover and nitrogen balance in young children around maintenance intake of protein and energy. Human Nutrition: Clinical Nutrition 37C: 433-446.
45. Janas LM, Picciano MF & Hatch TF (1987) Indices of protein metabolism in term infants fed either human milk or formulas with reduced protein concentration and various whey/casein ratios. Journal of Pediatrics 110: 838-848.
46. Joint FAO/WHO/UNU Expert Consultation (1985) Energy and Protein Requirements. Geneva: World Health Organisation.
47. Jones MO, Pierro A, Hammond P & Lloyd DA (1993) The metabolic response to operative stress in infants. Journal of Pediatric Surgery 28: 1258-1263.
48. Kirschner BS & Sutton MM (1986) Somatomedin-C levels in growth impaired children and adolescents with chronic inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterology 91: 166-176.
49. Landsberg L & Young JB (1978) Fasting, feeding and the regulation of the sympathetic nervous system. New England Journal of Medicine 298: 1295-1301.
50. Mansell PI, Fellows IW, MacDonald IA & Allison SP (1990) Defect in thermoregulation in malnutrition reversed by weight gain. Physiological mechanisms and clinical importance. Quarterly Journal of Medicine 76: 817-829.
51. Moldawer LL, Svaninger G, Gelin J & Lundholm KG (1987) Interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor do not regulate protein balance in skeletal muscle. American Journal of Physiology 253: C766-C773.
52. Montgomery RD (1962) Changes in the basal metabolic rate of the malnourished infant and their relation to body composition. Journal of Clinical Investigation 41: 1653-1663.
53. Payne PR & Waterlow JC (1971) Relative energy requirement for maintenance, growth, and physical activity. Lancet 2: 210-211.
54. Prentice A, Ewing G, Roberts SB et al (1987) The nutritional role of breast-milk IgA and lactoferrin. Acta Paediatrica Scandinavica 76: 592-598.
55. Prentice AM, Lucas A, Vasquez-Velasquez L et al (1988) Are the current dietary guidelines for young children a prescription for overfeeding? Lancet 2: 1066-1069.
56. Reichman BL, Chessex P, Putet G et al (1982) Partition of energy metabolism and energy cost of growth in the very low-birth-weight infant. Pediatrics 69: 446-451.
57. Rennie MJ & Harrison R (1984) Effects of injury, disease and malnutrition on protein metabolism in man. Lancet 1: 323-325.
58. Roberts SB & Young VR (1988) Energy cost of fat and protein deposition in the human infant. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 48: 951-955.
59. Roulet M, Detsky AS, Marliss EB et al (1983) A controlled trial of the effects of parenteral nutritional support on patients with respiratory failure and sepsis. Clinical Nutrition 2: 97-105.
60. Shetty PS, Jung RT & James WPT (1979) Effect of catecholamine replacement with levodopa on the metabolic response to semistarvation. Lancet 1: 77-79.
61. Spady DW, Payne PR, Picou D & Waterlow JC (1976) Energy balance during recovery from malnutrition. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 29: 1073-1078.
62. Tomkins AM, Garlick PJ, Schofield WN & Waterlow JC (1983) The combined effects of infection and malnutrition on protein metabolism in children. Clinical Science 65: 313-324.
63. Torun B, Davies PSW, Livingstone MBE et al (1996) Energy requirements and dietary energy recommendations for children and adolescents 1 to 18 years old. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 50 (supplement 1): S37-S81.
64. Waterlow JC, Ashworth A & Griffith M (1980) Faltering in infant growth in less developed countries. Lancet 2: 1176-1178.
65. Welle SL & Campbell RG (1986) Decrease in resting metabolic rate during rapid weight loss is reversed by low doses of thyroid hormones. Metabolism 35: 289-291.
66. Whitehead RG & Paul AA (1984) Growth charts and the assessment of infant feeding practices in the western world and in the developing countries. Early Human Development 9: 187-207.
67. Wintrop AL, Wesson DE, Pencharz PB et al (1987) Injury severity, whole body protein turnover and energy expenditure in pediatric trauma. Journal of Pediatric Surgery 22: 534-537.
68. Young VR & El-Khoury AE (1995) Can amino acid requirements for nutritional maintenance in adult humans be approximated from the amino acid composition of body mixed proteins. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science of the USA 92: 300-304.
69. Young VR, Bier DM & Pellet PL (1989) A theoretical basis for increasing current estimates of the amino acid requirements in adult man, with experimental support. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 50: 80-92.