Fronts and the boundary layer - some numerical studies

Boundary-Layer Meteorology

Volumn 89, Issue 3, 1998, Pages 469-506

  Pagowski, Mariusz ^a,b   Taylor, Peter A ^a  

^a YORK UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

Author keywords

Boundary layer; Fronts; Numerical model

Indexed keywords

BOUNDARY LAYER; DIURNAL VARIATION; FRONT; NUMERICAL METHOD;

EID: 0032415247     PISSN: 00068314     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1023/A:1001750420805     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. Andren, A.: 1991, 'TKE-Dissipation Model for the Atmospheric Boundary Layer', Boundary-Layer Meteorol. 56, 207-221.
2. Arritt, R. W.: 1987, 'The Effect of Water Surface Temperature on Lake-Breezes and Thermal Internal Boundary Layers', Boundary-Layer Meteorol. 40, 101-125.
3. Arritt, R. W. and Physick, W.: 1989, 'Formation of the Thermal Internal Boundary Layer in a Mesoscale Model. II: Simulations with a Level-2.5 Turbulence Closure', Boundary-Layer Meteorol. 49, 411-416.
4. Becker, A., Krauss, H., and Ewenz, C.: 1996, 'Frontal Substructures within the Planetary Boundary Layer', Boundary-Layer Meteorol. 78, 165-190.
5. Bénard, P., Redelsperger, J. L., and Lafore, J. P.: 1992, 'Nonhydrostatic Simulation of Frontogenesis in a Moist Atmosphere. Part I: General Description and Narrow Frontal Bands', J. Atmos. Sci. 49, 2200-2217.
6. Browning, K. A.: 1995, 'On the Nature of the Mesoscale Circulations at a Kata-Cold Front', Tellus 47, 911-919.
7. Deardorff, J. W.: 1978, 'Efficient Prediction of Ground Surface Temperature and Moisture with Inclusion of a Layer of Vegetation', J. Geophys. Res. 83, 1889-1903.
8. Gadd, A. J.: 1978, 'A Split Explicit Integration Scheme for Numerical Weather Prediction', Quart. J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc. 104, 569-582,
9. Garratt, J. R. and Physick, W.: 1986, 'Numerical Study of Atmospheric Gravity Currents. I: Simulations and Observations of Cold Fronts', Beitr. Phys. Atmosph. 59, 282-300.
10. Garratt, J. R.: 1992, 'The Atmospheric Boundary Layer', Cambridge University Press, 316 pp.
11. Gidel, L. T.: 1978, 'Simulation of the Differences and Similarities of Warm and Cold Frontogenesis', J. Geophys. Res. 83, 915-928.
12. Hasse, L.: 1993, 'Turbulence Closure in Boundary-Layer Theory - An Invitation to Debate', Boundary-Layer Meteorol. 65, 249-254.
13. Hoskins, B. J. and Bretherton, F. B.: 1972, 'Atmospheric Frontogenesis Models: Mathematical Formulation and Solution', J. Atmos. Sci. 29, 11-37.
14. Joly, A. and Thorpe, A. J.: 1990, 'Frontal Instability Generated by Tropospheric Potential Vorticity Anomalies', Quart. J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc. 116, 525-560.
15. Keuler, K., Kerkmann, J., Krauss, H., and Schaller, E.: 1991, 'Orographical Modification and Large Scale Forcing of a Cold Front', Meteorol. Atmos. Phys. 48, 105-130.
16. Keyser, D. and Anthes, R. A.: 1982, 'The Influence of Planetary Boundary Layer Physics on Frontal Structure in the Hoskins-Bretherton Horizontal Shear Model', J. Atmos. Sci. 39, 1783-1802.
17. Koch, S. E., McQueen, J. T., and Karyampundi, V. M.: 1995, 'A Numerical Study of the Effects of Differential Cloud Cover on Cold Frontal Structure and Dynamics', J. Atmos. Sci. 52, 937-964.
18. Louis, J. F.: 1979, 'A Parametric Model of Vertical Eddy Fluxes in the Atmosphere', Boundary-Layer Meteorol. 17, 187-202.
19. Miller, L. J., LeMone, M. A., Blumen, W., Grossman, R. L., Gamage, N., and Zamora, R. J.: 1996, 'The Low-Level Structure and Evolution of a Dry Arctic Front over the Central United States. Parti: Mesoscale Observations', Mon. Wea. Rev. 124, 1649-1675.
20. Miller, M. J. and Thorpe, A. J.: 1981, 'Radiation Conditions for Lateral Boundaries of Limited-Area Numerical Models', Quart. J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc. 107, 615-628.
21. Moore, G. W. K.: 1985, 'The Organization of Convection in Narrow Cold-Frontal Raibands', J. Atmos. Sci. 42, 1777-1791.
22. Ogura, Y. and Portis, D.: 1982, 'Structure of the Cold Front Observed in SESAME-AVE III and its Comparison with the Hoskins-Bretherton Frontogenesis Model', J. Atmos. Sci. 39, 2773-2792.
23. Pagowski, M.: 1997, 'Fronts and the Boundary Layer - Some Numerical Simulations', Ph.D. Thesis, Centre for Research in Earth and Space Science, York University, 269 pp.
24. Pielke, R.: 1984, 'Mesoscale Meteorological Modeling', Academic Press, 612 pp.
25. Physick, W.: 1988, 'Mesoscale Modeling of a Cold Front and its Interaction with a Diurnally Heated Land Mass', J. Atmos. Sci. 45, 3169-3187.
26. Reible, D. D., Simpson, J. E., and Linden, P. F.: 1993, 'The Sea Breeze and Gravity-Current Frontogenesis', Quart. J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc. 119, 1-16.
27. Reeder, M. J. and Smith, R. K.: 1987, 'A Study of Frontal Dynamics and Application to the Australian Summertime "Cool Change"', J. Atmos. Sci. 44, 687-705.
28. Sanders, F.: 1955, 'An Investigation of the Structure and Dynamics of an Intense Surface Front', J. Meteorol. 12, 542-552.
29. Shapiro, R.: 1971, 'The Use of Linear Filtering as a Parameterization of Atmospheric Diffusion', J. Atmos. Sci. 28, 523-531.
30. Shapiro, M. A.: 1984, 'Meteorological Tower Measurements of a Surface Cold Front', Mon. Wea. Rev. 112, 1634-1639.
31. Simpson, J. E.: 1982, 'Gravity Currents in the Laboratory, Atmosphere and Ocean', Ann. Rev. Fluid Mech. 14, 213-234.
32. Smith, R. K. and Reeder, M. J.: 1988, 'On the Movement and Low-Level Structure of Cold Fronts', Mon. Wea. Rev. 116, 1927-1943.
33. Smith, R. K., Reeder, M. J., Tapper, N. J., and Christie, D. G.: 1995, 'Central Australian Cold Fronts', Mon. Wea. Rev. 123, 16-38.
34. Snyder, C. and Keyser, D.: 1996, 'The Coupling of Fronts and the Boundary Layer', in Seventh AMS Conference on Mesoscale Processes, Reading, U.K., pp. 520-522.
35. Stull, R. B.: 1988, An Introduction to Boundary Layer Meteorology, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 666 pp.
36. Taylor, P. A. and Delage, A.: 1971, 'A Note on Finite-Difference Schemes for the Surface and Planetary Boundary Layers', Boundary-Layer Meteorol. 7, 108-121.
37. Taylor, P. A., Salmon, J. R., and Stewart, R. E.: 1993, 'Mesoscale Observations of Surface Fronts and Low Pressure Centres in Canadian East Coast Winter Storms', Boundary-Layer Meteorol. 64, 15-54.
38. Tremback, C., Powell, J., Cotton, W. R., and Pielke, R. A.: 1987, 'The Forward-in-time Upstream Advection Scheme: Extension to Higher Orders', Mon. Wea. Rev. 115, 540-555.
39. Uno, I., Cai, X-M., Steyn, D., and Emori, S.: 1995, 'A Simple Extension of the Louis Method for Rough Surface Layer Modeling', Boundary-Layer Meteorol. 76, 395-409.
40. 2l Turbulence Closure Model', J. Atmos. Sci. 40, 91-106.