Unstable malaria in Sudan: The influence of the dry season. Plasmodium falciparum population in the unstable malaria area of eastern Sudan is stable and genetically complex

Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

Volumn 92, Issue 6, 1998, Pages 585-589

  Babiker, Hamza A ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH   (United Kingdom)

^b FEDERAL MINISTRY OF HEALTH   (Sudan)

Author keywords

Genetics; Malaria; Msp1 gene; Msp2 gene; Plasmodium falciparum; Population structure; Sudan

Indexed keywords

ANTIMALARIAL AGENT; MEMBRANE PROTEIN; MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY; RAIN;

CONFERENCE PAPER; HUMAN; MALARIA; MEROZOITE; MOLECULAR GENETICS; OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PROBE; PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM; POLYACRYLAMIDE GEL ELECTROPHORESIS; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; POPULATION STRUCTURE; SEASON; SUDAN;

PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM; PROTOZOA;

EID: 0032413089     PISSN: 00359203     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0035-9203(98)90774-X     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (31)

1. Babiker, H. A. & Walliker, D. (1997). Population genetic structure of Plasmodium falciparum: implication for control. Parasitology Today, 13, 262-267.
2. Babiker, H. A., Creasey, A. M., Fenton, B., Bayoumi, R. A. L., Arnot, D. E. & Walliker, D. (1991a). Genetic diversity of Plasmodium falciparum in a village in eastern Sudan. 1. Diversity of enzymes, 2D-PAGE proteins and antigens. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 85, 572-577.
3. Babiker, H. A., Creasey, A. M., Bayoumi, R. A. L., Walliker, D. & Arnot, D. E. (1991b). Genetic diversity of Plasmodium falciparum in a village in eastern Sudan. 2. Drug resistance, molecular karyotypes and the mdr1 genotype of recent isolates. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 85, 578-583.
4. Babiker, H., Ranford-Cartwright, L., Sultan, A., Satti, G. & Walliker, D. (1994a). Genetic evidence that R1 chloroquine resistance of Plasmodium falciparum is caused by recrudescence of resistant parasites. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 88, 328-331.
5. Babiker, H. A., Ranford-Cartwright, L. C., Currie, D., Charlwood, J. D., Billingsley, P., Teuscher, T. & Walliker, D. (1994b). Random mating in a natural population of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. Parasitology, 109, 413-421.
6. Babiker, H. A., Satti, G. & Walliker, D. (1995). Genetic changes in the population of Plasmodium falciparum in a Sudanese village. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 53, 7-15.
7. Babiker, H. A., Lines, J., Hill, W. G. & Walliker, D. (1997). Population structure of Plasmodium falciparum in villages with different malaria endemicity in East Africa. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 56, 141-147.
8. Babiker, H. A., Abdel-Muhsin, A. A., Ranford-Cartwright, L., Satti, G. & Walliker, D. (1998). Characteristics of Plasmodium falciparum parasites that survive the lengthy dry season in eastern Sudan where malaria transmission is markedly seasonal. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 59, 582-590.
9. Bottius, E., Guanzirolli, A., Trape, J.-F., Rogier, C., Konate, L. & Druilhe, P. (1996). Malaria: even more chronic in nature than previously thought; evidence for subpatent parasitaemia detectable by the polymerase chain reaction. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 90, 15-19.
10. Carter, R. & McGregor, I. A. (1973). Enzyme variation in Plasmodium falciparum in The Gambia. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 67, 830-837.
11. Contamin, H., Fandeur, T., Rogier, C., Bonnefoy, S., Konate, L., Trape, J.-F. & Mercereau-Puijalon, O. (1996). Different genetic characteristics of Plasmodium falciparum isolates during successive clinical malaria episodes in Senegalese children. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 54, 632-643.
12. Farnert, A., Snounou, G., Rooth, I. & Björkman, A. (1997). Daily dynamics of Plasmodium falciparum subpopulations in asymptomatic children in a holoendemic area. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 56, 538-547.
13. Fontenille, D., Lochouarn, L,. Diatta, M., Sokhna, C., Dia, I., Diagne, N., Lemasson, J.-J., Ba, K., Tall, A., Rogier, C. & Trape, J.-F. (1997). Four years' entomological study of the transmission of seasonal malaria in Senegal and bionomics of Anopheles gambiae and A. arabiensis. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 91, 647-652.
14. Hill, W. G. & Babiker, H. A. (1995). Estimation of number of malaria clones in blood samples. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, B, 262, 249-257.
15. Hill, W. G., Babiker, H. A., Ranford-Cartwright, L. & Walliker, D. (1995). Estimation of inbreeding coefficients from genotypic data on multiple alleles, and application to estimation of clonality in malaria parasites. Genetical Research, 65, 53.
16. Karrar, A. (1996). Seasonality of malaria transmission in Asar and Daraweesh villages (Gedaref Province, Gedaref Estate, eastern Sudan). MSc Thesis, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Khartoum.
17. Kimura, E., Mattei, D., Di Santi, S. M. & Scherf, A. (1990). Genetic diversity in the major merozoite surface antigen of Plasmodium falciparum: high prevalence of a third polymorphic form detected in strains derived from malaria patients. Gene, 91, 57-62.
18. Lines, J. & Armstrong, J. R. M. (1992). For a few parasites more: inoculum size, vector control and strain-specific immunity to malaria. Parasitology Today, 8, 381-383.
19. Molineaux, L. & Gramiccia, G. (1980). The Garki Project: Research on Epidemiology and Control of Malaria in Sudan Savanna of West Africa. Geneva: World Health Organization.
20. Muirhead-Thompson, R. C. (1954). Factors determining the true reservoir of infection of Plasmodium falciparum and Wuchereria bancrofti in a West African village. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 48, 208-225.
21. Ntoumi, F., Contamin, H., Rogier, C., Bonnefoy, S.,Trape, J.-F. & Mercereau-Puijalon, O. (1995). Age-dependent carriage of multiple Plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface antigen-2 alleles in asymptomatic malaria infections. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 52, 81-88.
22. Omer, S. M. & Cloudsley-Thompson, J. L. (1970). Survival of Anopheles gambiae Giles through a 9-month dry season in Sudan. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 42, 9319-9330.
23. Paul, R. E. L., Packer, M. L., Walmsley, M., Lagog, M., Ranford-Cartwright, L. C., Paru, R. & Day, K. (1995). Mating patterns in malaria parasite populations of Papua New Guinea. Science, 269, 1709-1711.
24. Roper, C., Elhassan, I. M., Hviid, L., Giha, H., Richardson, W., Babiker, H. A., Satti, G., Theander, T. & Arnot, D. (1996). Detection of very low level Plasmodium falciparum infections using nested polymerase chain reaction, and assessment of the epidemiology of unstable malaria in Sudan. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 54, 325-331.
25. Sanderson, A., Walliker, D. & Molez, J.-F. (1981). Enzyme typing of Plasmodium falciparum from African and some other old world countries. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 75, 263-267.
26. Smythe, J. A., Coppel, R. L., Day, K. P., Martin, R. K., Oduola, A. M. J., Kemp, D. J. & Anders, R. F. (1991). Structural diversity in the Plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface antigen MSA-2. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA, 88, 1751-1755.
27. Snounou, G., Viriyakosol, S., Jarra, W., Thaithong, S. & Brown, K. N. (1993). Identification of the four human malaria parasite species in field samples by polymerase chain reaction and detection of high prevalence of mixed infections. Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology, 58, 283-292.
28. Tanabe, K., Mackay, M., Goman, M. & Scaife, J. G. (1987). Allelic dimorphism in a surface antigen gene of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. Journal of Molecular Biology, 195, 273-287.
29. Taylor, C. E., Toure, Y. T., Coluzzi, M. & Petrarca, V. (1993). Effective population size and persistence of Anopheles arabiensis during the dry season in West Africa. Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 7, 351-357.
30. Thaithong, S., Sueblinwong, T. & Beale, G. H. (1981). Enzyme typing of some isolates of Plasmodium falciparum from Thailand. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 75, 268-270.
31. Thaithong, S., Beale, G. H. & Chutmongkonkul, M. (1983). Susceptibility of Plasmodium falciparum to five drugs: an in vitro study of isolates mainly from Thailand. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 77, 228-231.