Interspecific competition and juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar): On testing effects and evaluating the evidence across scales

Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences

Volumn 55, Issue SUPPL.1, 1998, Pages 218-231

  Fausch, Kurt D ^a  

^a Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

INTERSPECIFIC COMPETITION; JUVENILE; METHODOLOGY;

ONCORHYNCHUS KISUTCH; SALMO SALAR;

EID: 0032411485     PISSN: 0706652X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1139/d98-006     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (98)

1. Arnold, G.P., Webb, P.W., and Holford, B.H. 1991. The role of the pectoral fins in station holding of Atlantic salmon parr (Salmo salar L.). J. Exp. Biol. 156: 625-629.
2. Bardonnet, A., and Heland,. M. 1994. The influence of potential predators on the habitat preferenda of emerging brown trout. J. Fish Biol. 45(Suppl. A): 131-142.
3. Beall, E., Heland, M., and Marty, C. 1989. Interspecific relationships between emerging Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, and coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch, juveniles. J. Fish Biol. 35(Suppl. A): 285-293.
4. Begon, M., Harper, J.L., and Townsend, C.R. 1996. Ecology: individuals, populations, and communities. 3rd ed. Blackwell Science, Cambridge, Mass.
5. Bender, E.A., Case, T.J., and Gilpin, M.E. 1984. Perturbation experiments in community ecology: theory and practice. Ecology, 65: 1-13.
6. Bisson, P.A., Sullivan, K., and Nielsen, J.L. 1988. Channel hydraulics, habitat use, and body form of juvenile coho salmon, steelhead, and cutthroat trout in streams. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 117: 262-273.
7. Chapman, D.W., and Bjornn, T.C. 1969. Distribution of salmonids in streams with special reference to food and feeding. In Symposium on salmon and trout in streams. Edited by T.G. Northcote. H.R. MacMillan Lectures in Fisheries. Univ. of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C. pp. 153-176
8. Connell, J.H. 1975. Some mechanisms producing structure in natural communities: a model and evidence from field experiments. In Ecology and evolution of communities. Edited by M.L. Cody and J.M. Diamond. Harvard Univ. Press, Cambridge, pp. 460-490.
9. Connell, J.H. 1983. On the prevalence and relative importance of interspecific competition: evidence from field experiments. Am. Nat. 122: 661-696.
10. Connor, E.F., and Bowers, M.A. 1987. The spatial consequences of interspecific competition. Ann. Zool. Fennici 24: 213-226.
11. DeStaso, J. III, and Rahel, F.J. 1994. Influence of water temperature on interactions between juvenile Colorado River cutthroat trout and brook trout in a laboratory stream. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 123: 289-297.
12. deWit, C.T. 1960. On competition. Versl. Landbouwk. Onderz. 66: 1-82.
13. Dickson, T.A., and MacCrimmon, H.R. 1982. Influence of hatchery experience on growth and behavior of juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) within allopatric and sympatric stream populations. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 39: 1453-1458.
14. Dunson, W.A., and Travis, J. 1991. The role of abiotic factors in community organization. Am. Nat. 138: 1067-1091.
15. Egglishaw, H.J., and Shackley, P.E. 1973. An experiment on faster growth of salmon Salmo salar (L.) in a Scottish stream. J. Fish Biol. 5: 197-204.
16. Egglishaw, H.J., and Shackley, P.E. 1977. Growth, survival and production of juvenile salmon and trout in a Scottish stream, 1966-1975. J. Fish Biol. 11: 647-672.
17. Egglishaw, H.J., and Shackley, P.E. 1982. Influence of water depth on dispersion of juvenile salmonids, Salmo salar L., and S. trutta L., in a Scottish stream. J. Fish Biol. 21: 141-155.
18. Egglishaw, H.J., and Shackley, P.E. 1985. Factors governing the production of juvenile Atlantic salmon in Scottish streams. J. Fish Biol. 27(Suppl. A): 27-33.
19. Elliott, J.M. 1994. Quantitative ecology and the brown trout. Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford.
20. Fausch, K.D. 1984. Profitable stream positions for salmonids: relating specific growth rate to net energy gain. Can. J. Zool. 62: 441-451.
21. Fausch, K.D. 1988. Tests of competition between native and introduced salmonids in streams: what have we learned? Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 45: 2238-2246.
22. Fausch, K.D. 1989. Do gradient and temperature affect distributions of, and interactions between, brook charr (Salvelinus fontinalis) and other resident salmonids in streams? Physiol. Ecol. Jpn. Spec. Vol. 1: 303-322.
23. Fausch, K.D., and White, R.J. 1981. Competition between brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) and brown trout (Salmo trutta) for positions in a Michigan stream. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 38: 1220-1227.
24. Fausch, K.D., and White, R.J. 1986. Competition among juveniles of coho salmon, brook trout, and brown trout in a laboratory stream, and implications for Great Lakes tributaries. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 115: 363-381.
25. Fausch, K.D., Nakano, S., and Ishigaki, K. 1994. Distribution of two congeneric chairs in streams of Hokkaido Island, Japan: considering multiple factors across scales. Oecologia, 100: 1-12.
26. Firbank, L.G., and Watkinson, A.R. 1985. On the analysis of competition within two-species mixtures of plants. J. Appl. Ecol. 22: 503-517.
27. Firbank, L.G., and Watkinson, A.R. 1990. On the effects of competition: from monocultures to mixtures. In Perspectives on plant competition. Edited by J.B. Grace and D. Tilman. Academic Press, New York. pp. 165-192.
28. Flecker, A.S., and Townsend, C.R. 1994. Community-wide consequences of trout introduction in New Zealand streams. Ecol. Appl. 4: 798-807.
29. Fleming, I.A. 1998. Pattern and variability in the breeding system of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), with comparison to other salmonids. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 55(Suppl. 1): 59-76.
30. Frissell, C.A., Liss, W.J., Warren, C.E., and Hurley, M.D. 1986. A hierarchical framework for stream habitat classification: viewing streams in a watershed context. Environ. Manage. 10: 199-214.
31. Gee, A.S., Milner, N.J., and Hemsworth, R.J. 1978. The effect of density on mortality in juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). J. Anim. Ecol. 47: 497-505.
32. Gibson, R.J. 1981. Behavioural interactions between coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch), Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis), and steelhead trout (Salmo gairdneri), at the juvenile fluviatile stages. Can. Tech. Rep. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 1029.
33. Gibson, R.J. 1993. The Atlantic salmon in fresh water: spawning, rearing, and production. Rev. Fish Biol. Fish. 3: 39-73.
34. Gibson, R.J., and Dickson, T.A. 1984. The effects of competition on the growth of juvenile Atlantic salmon. Natur. Can. (Rev. Écol. Syst.), 111: 175-191.
35. Gibson, R.J., and Power, G. 1975. Selection by brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) and juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) of shade related to water depth. J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 32: 1652-1656.
36. Gibson, R.J., Stansbury, D.E., Whalen, R.R., and Hillier, K.G. 1993. Relative habitat use, and inter-specific and intra-specific competition of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) and juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in some Newfoundland rivers. Can. Spec. Publ. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 118: 53-69.
37. Gilliam, J.F., Fraser, D.F., and Alkins-Koo, M. 1993. Structure of a tropical stream fish community: a role for biotic interactions. Ecology, 74: 1856-1870.
38. Gowan, C., and Fausch, K.D. 1996o. Long-term demographic responses of trout populations to habitat manipulation in six Colorado streams. Ecol. Appl. 6: 931-946.
39. Gowan, C., and Fausch, K.D. 1996b. Mobile brook trout in two high-elevation Colorado streams: re-evaluating the concept of restricted movement. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 53: 1370-1381.
40. Gowan, C., Young, M.K., Fausch, K.D., and Riley, S.C. 1994. Restricted movement in resident stream salmonids: a paradigm lost? Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 51: 2626-2637.
41. Grant, J.W.A., Steingrimsson, S.O., Keeley, E.R., and Cunjak, R.A. 1998. Implications of territory size for the measurement and prediction of salmonid abundance in streams. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 55(Suppl. 1): 181-190.
42. Grant, J.W.A., and Kramer, D.L. 1990. Territory size as a predictor of the upper limit to population density of juvenile salmonids in streams. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 47: 1724-1737.
43. Griffith, J.S., Jr. 1972. Comparative behavior and habitat utilization of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) and cutthroat trout (Salmo clarki) in small streams in northern Idaho. J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 29: 265-273.
44. Harache, Y. 1992. Pacific salmon for Atlantic waters. ICES Mar. Sci. Symp. 194: 31-55.
45. Harper, J.L. 1977. Population biology of plants. Academic Press, London.
46. Hartman, G.F. 1965. The role of behavior in the ecology and interaction of underyearling coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and steelhead trout (Salmo gairdneri). J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 22: 1035-1081.
47. Hearn, W.E., and Kynard, B.E. 1986. Habitat utilization and behavioral interaction of juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and rainbow trout (S. gairdneri) in tributaries of the White River, Vermont. Can J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 43: 1988-1998.
48. Heggenes, J. 1990. Habitat utilization and preferences in juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in streams. Regul. Rivers: Res. Manage. 5: 341-354.
49. Heggenes, J., Baglinière, J.L., and Cunjak, R. 1995. Synthetic note on spatial niche selection and competition in young Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and brown trout (Salmo trutta) in lotic environments. Bull. Fr. Pêche. Piscic. 337/338/339: 231-239.
50. Hurlbert, S.H. 1984. Pseudoreplication and the design of ecological field experiments. Ecol. Monogr. 54: 187-211.
51. Hutchinson, G.E. 1957. Concluding remarks. Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. 22: 415-427.
52. Jones, A.N. 1975. A preliminary study of fish segregation in salmon spawning streams. J. Fish Biol. 7: 95-104.
53. Jones, M.L., and Stanfield, L.W. 1993. Effects of exotic juvenile salmonines on growth and survival of juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in a Lake Ontario tributary. Can. Spec. Publ. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 118: 71-79.
54. Kalleberg, H. 1958. Observations in a stream tank of territoriality and competition in juvenile salmon and trout (Salmo salar L., and S. trutta L.). Rep. Inst. Freshwater Res. Drottningholm, 39: 55-98.
55. Kennedy, G.J.A., and Strange, C.D. 1980. Population changes after two years of salmon (Salmo salar L.) stocking in upland trout (Salmo trutta L.) streams. J. Fish Biol. 17: 577-586.
56. Kennedy, G.J.A., and Strange, C.D. 1982. The distribution of salmonids in upland streams in relation to depth and gradient. J. Fish Biol. 20: 579-591.
57. Kennedy, G.J.A., and Strange, C.D. 1986a. The effects of intra-and inter-specific competition on the distribution of stocked juvenile Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., in relation to depth and gradient in an upland trout, Salmo trutta L., stream. J. Fish Biol. 29: 199-214.
58. Kennedy, G.J.A., and Strange, C.D. 1986b. The effects of intra- and inter-specific competition on the survival and growth of stocked juvenile Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., and resident trout, Salmo trutta L., in an upland stream. J. Fish Biol. 28: 479-489.
59. Kocik, J.F., and Ferreri, C.P. 1998. Juvenile production variation in salmonids: population dynamics, habitat, and the role of spatial relationships. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 55(Suppl. 1): 191-200.
60. Law, R., and Watkinson, A.R. 1987. Response-surface analysis of two-species competition: an experiment on Phleum arenarium and Vulpia fasciculata. J. Ecol. 75: 871-886.
61. Law, R., and Watkinson, A.R. 1989. Competition. In Ecological concepts. 29th Symposium of the British Ecological Society. Edited by J.M. Cherrett, A.D. Bradshaw, F.B. Goldsmith, P.J. Grubb, and J.R. Krebs. Blackwell Scientific Publ., Oxford, pp. 243-284.
62. LeCren, E.D. 1965. Some factors regulating the size of populations of freshwater fish. Mitt. Int. Ver. Theor. Angew. Limnol. 13: 88-105.
63. LeCren, E.D. 1973. The population dynamics of young trout (Salmo trutta) in relation to density and territorial behavior. Int. Counc. Expl. Sea, 164: 241-246.
64. Lindroth, A. 1956. Distribution, territorial behaviour and movements of sea trout fry in the River Indalsälven. Rep. Inst. Freshwat. Res. Drottningholm, 36: 104-119.
65. MacCrimmon, H.R., Dickson, T.A., and Gibson, R.J. 1983. Implications of differences in emergent times on growth and behaviour of juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and brook charr (Salvelinus fontinalis) in sympatric stream populations. Nat Can. (Rev. Écol. Syst.), 110: 379-384.
66. Maiorana, V.C. 1977. Density and competition among sunfish: some alternatives. Science, 195: 94.
67. Mason, J.C. 1976. Response of underyearling coho salmon to supplemental feeding in a natural stream. J. Wildlife Manage. 40: 775-788.
68. McIntosh, A.R., and Townsend, C.R. 1994. Interpopulation variation in mayfly antipredator tactics: differential effects of contrasting predatory fish. Ecology, 75: 2078-2090.
69. McKinnell, S., Thomson, A.J., Black, E.A., Wing, B.L., Guthrie, C.M., III, Koerner, J.F., and Helle, J.H. 1997. Atlantic salmon in the North Pacific. Aquacult. Res. 28: 145-157.
70. McPeek, M.A. 1990. Determination of species composition in the Enallagma damselfly assemblages of permanent lakes. Ecology, 71: 83-98.
71. Milinski, M., and Parker, G.A. 1991. Competition for resources. In Behavioral ecology: an evolutionary approach. Edited by J.R. Krebs and N.B. Davies. 3rd ed. Blackwell, Oxford, pp. 137-168.
72. Mills, D.H. 1969. The survival of juvenile Atlantic salmon and brown trout in some Scottish streams. In Symposium on salmon and trout in streams. Edited by T.G. Northcote. H.R. MacMillan Lectures in Fisheries. Univ. of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C. pp. 217-228.
73. Mills, D. 1989. Ecology and management of Atlantic salmon. Chapman and Hall, New York.
74. Moyle, P.B., and Light, T. 1996. Biological invasions of fresh water: empirical rules and assembly theory. Biol. Conserv. 78: 149-162.
75. Nilsson, N.-A. 1967. Interactive segregation between fish species. In The biological basis of freshwater fish production. Edited by S.D. Gerking. Blackwell Sci. Publ., Oxford, pp. 295-313.
76. Paine, R.T. 1992. Food-web analysis through field measurement of per capita interaction strength. Nature, 355: 73-75.
77. Parker, G.A., and Sutherland, W.J. 1986. Ideal free distributions when individuals differ in competitive ability: phenotype-limited ideal free models. Anim. Behav. 34: 1222-1242.
78. Poff, N.L. 1997. Landscape filters and species traits: towards mechanistic understanding and prediction in stream ecology. J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc. 16: 391-409.
79. Power, M.E., Tilman, D., Estes, J.A., Menge, B.A., Bond, W.J., Mills, L.S., Daily, G., Castilla, J.C., Lubchenco, J., and Paine, R.T. 1996. Challenges in the quest for keystones. BioScience, 46: 609-620.
80. Randall, R.G. 1982. Emergence, population densities, and growth of salmon and trout fry in two New Brunswick streams. Can. J. Zool. 60: 2239-2244.
81. Reeves, G.H., Everest, F.H., and Hall, J.D. 1987. Interactions between the redside shiner (Richardsonius balteatus) and the steelhead trout (Salmo gairdneri) in western Oregon: the influence of water temperature. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 44: 1603-1613.
82. Reynoldson, T.B., and Bellamy, L.S. 1971. The establishment of interspecific competition in field populations, with an example of competition in action between Polycelis nigra (Mull.) and P. tenuis (Ijima) (Turbellaria, Tricladida). In Dynamics of populations: Proceedings of the advanced study institute on 'Dynamics of numbers in populations', Oosterbeek, Netherlands. Centre for Agricultural Publishing and Documentation, Wageningen, Netherlands, pp. 282-297.
83. Ricker, W.E. 1954. Stock and recruitment. J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 11: 559-623.
84. Rodríguez, M.A. 1995. Habitat-specific estimates of competition in stream salmonids: a field test of the isodar model of habitat selection. Evol. Ecol. 9: 169-184.
85. Ross, S.T. 1986. Resource partitioning in fish assemblages: a review of field studies. Copeia, 1986: 352-388.
86. Saltveit, S.J. 1993. Abundance of juvenile Atlantic salmon and brown trout in relation to stocking and natural reproduction in the River Lærdalselva, western Norway. N. Am. J. Fish. Manage. 13: 277-283.
87. Snaydon, R.W. 1991. Replacement or additive designs for competition studies? J. Appl. Ecol. 28: 930-946.
88. Sosiak, A.J. 1982. Buoyancy comparisons between juvenile Atlantic salmon and brown trout of wild and hatchery origin. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 111: 307-311.
89. Syruons, P.E.K. 1976. Behavior and growth of juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and three competitors at two stream velocities. J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 33: 2766-2773.
90. Townsend, C.R. 1991. Exotic species management and the need for a theory of invasion ecology. N.Z. J. Ecol. 15: 1-3.
91. Underwood, T. 1986. The analysis of competition by field experiments. In Community ecology: pattern and process. Edited by J. Kikkawa and D.J. Anderson. Blackwell Scientific Publ., Melbourne, Australia, pp. 240-268.
92. Underwood, A.J. 1997. Experiments in ecology: their logical design and interpretation using analysis of variance. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge. 504 p.
93. Welden, C.W., and Slauson, W.L. 1986. The intensity of competition versus its importance: an overlooked distinction and some implications. Q. Rev. Biol. 61: 23-44.
94. Werner, E.E., and Hall, D.J. 1977. Reply to V.C. Maiorana: Density and competition among sunfish: some alternatives. Science, 195: 94-95.
95. Wiens, J.A. 1989. The ecology of bird communities, Vol. 2. Processes and variations. Cambridge Univ. Press, New York.
96. Wiens, J.A., Addicott, J.F., Case, T.J., and Diamond, J. 1986. Overview: the importance of spatial and temporal scale in ecological investigations. In Community ecology. Edited by J. Diamond and T.J. Case. Harper and Row, New York. pp. 145-153.
97. Wootton, J.T., Parker, M.S., and Power, M.E. 1996. Effects of disturbance on river food webs. Science, 273: 1558-1561.
98. Youngson, A.F., and Verspoor, E. 1998. Interactions between wild and introduced Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 55(Suppl. 1): 153-160.