Geochemistry of the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain aquifer system

US Geological Survey Professional Paper

Volumn , Issue 1404 L, 1998, Pages

  Knobel, Leroy L ^a   Chapelle, Francis H ^a   Meisler, Harold ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AQUIFER; GEOCHEMISTRY; HYDROGEOCHEMISTRY;

UNITED STATES;

EID: 0032405833     PISSN: 10449612     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (210)

1. Arnow, Ted, 1961, Effects of phosphate mining on the ground water of Angaur, Palau Islands, Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 1608-A, 39 p.
2. Bachman, L.J., 1984, The Columbia aquifer of the Eastern Shore of Maryland: Hydrogeology: Maryland Geological Survey Report of Investigations 40, pt. 1, 35 p.
3. Back, William, 1960, Origin of hydrochemical facies of ground water in the Atlantic Coastal Plain: International Geological Congress, 21st, Copenhagen, 1960, Proceedings, pt. 1, p. 87-95.
4. _ 1961, Techniques for mapping of hydrochemical facies: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 424-D, p. D380-D382.
5. _ 1966, Hydrochemical facies and ground-water flow patterns in northern part of the Atlantic Coastal Plain: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 498-A, 42 p.
6. Back, William, and Barnes, Ivan, 1961, Equipment for field measurement of electrochemical potentials: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 424-C, p. C366-C368.
7. _ 1965, Relation of electrochemical potentials and iron content to ground-water flow patterns: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 498-C, 16 p.
8. Baedecker, M.J., and Back, William, 1979a, Hydrogeological processes and chemical reactions at a landfill: Ground Water, v. 17, no. 5, p. 429-437.
9. _ 1979b, Modern marine sediments as a natural analog to the chemically stressed environment of a landfill: Journal of Hydrology, v. 43, p. 393-414.
10. Bain, G.L., 1970, Geology and ground-water resources of New Hanover County, North Carolina: North Carolina Department of Water and Air Resources Ground-Water Bulletin 17, 79 p.
11. Balkwill, D.L., and Ghiorse, W.C., 1985, Characterization of subsurface bacteria associated with two shallow aquifers in Oklahoma: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v. 50, no. 3, p. 580-588.
12. Barker, J.F., Fritz, P., and Brown, R.M., 1979, Carbon-14 measurements in aquifers with methane, in Proceedings of the International Symposium on Isotope Hydrology 1978: International Atomic Energy Agency [Vienna] Proceedings Series STI/PUB/493, v. 2, p. 661-678.
13. Barnes, Ivan, and Back, William, 1964, Geochemistry of ironrich ground water of southern Maryland: Journal of Geology, v. 72, no. 4, p. 435-447.
14. Benner, Ronald, Maccubbin, A.E., and Hodson, R.E., 1984, Anaerobic biodegradation of the lignin and polysaccharide components of lignocellulose and synthetic lignin by sediment microflora: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v. 47, no. 5, p. 998-1004.
15. Bennett, R.R., and Meyer, R.R., 1952, Geology and ground-water resources of the Baltimore area: Maryland Department of Geology, Mines and Water Resources Bulletin 4, 573 p.
16. Bennion, V.R., and Brookhart, J.W., 1949, The water resources of Anne Arundel County: Maryland Geological Survey Bulletin 5, 149 p.
17. Bentor, Y.K., and Kastner, M., 1965, Notes on the mineralogy and origin of glauconite: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 35, p. 155-166.
18. Berner, R.A., 1980, Early diagenesis: Princeton, N.J., Princeton University Press, 241 p.
19. Black, C.A., ed., 1965, Methods of soil analysis: Madison, Wis., American Society of Agronomy, 1572 p.
20. Bowen, N.L., 1922, The reaction principle in petrogenesis: Journal of Geology, v. 30, p. 177-198.
21. Bredehoeft, J.D., Back, William, and Hanshaw, B.B., 1982, Regional ground-water flow concepts in the United States: Historical perspective, in Narasimhan, T.N., ed., Regional trends in hydrogeology: Geological Society of America Special Paper 189, p. 297-316.
22. Bricker, O.P., Matisoff, Gerry, and Holdren, G.R., 1977, Interstitial water chemistry of Chesapeake Bay sediments: Maryland Geological Survey Basic Data Report 9, 67 p.
23. Broadhurst, S.D., 1952, An introduction to the topography, geology, and mineral resources of North Carolina: North Carolina Department of Conservation and Development, Division of Mineral Resources Educational Series 2, 17 p.
24. Brown, D.L., and Silvey, W.D., 1973, Underground storage and retrieval of fresh water from a brackish-water aquifer, in Second International Symposium on Underground Waste Management and Artificial Recharge, New Orleans, La., Reprints: Tulsa, Okla., American Association of Petroleum Geologists, v. 1, p. 379-419.
25. _ 1977, Artificial recharge to a freshwater-sensitive brackish-water sand aquifer, Norfolk, Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 939, 53 p.
26. Brown, P.M., 1959, Geology and ground-water resources in the Greenville area, North Carolina: North Carolina Department of Conservation and Development, Division of Mineral Resources Bulletin 73, 87 p.
27. Brown, P.M., Miller, J.A., and Swain, F.M., 1972, Structural and stratigraphic framework, and spatial distribution of permeability of the Atlantic Coastal Plain, North Carolina to New York: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 796, 79 p., 13 figs., 59 pls., 2 tables.
28. Carlston, C.W., Thatcher, L.L., and Rhodehamel, E.C., 1960, Tritium as a hydrologic tool - The Wharton Tract Study: International Association of Scientific Hydrology Publication 52, p. 503-512.
29. 2: Geoehimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 44, p. 323-332.
30. Carroll, Dorothy, 1959, Ion exchange in clays and other minerals: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 70, p. 749-780.
31. Cederstrom, DJ., 1943, Chloride in ground water in the Coastal Plain of Virginia: Virginia Geological Survey Bulletin 58, 36 p.
32. _ 1945, Geology and ground-water resources of the Coastal Plain in southeastern Virginia: Virginia Geological Survey Bulletin 63, 384 p.
33. _ 1946a, Chemical character of ground water in the Coastal Plain of Virginia: Virginia Geological Survey Bulletin 68, 62 p.
34. _ 1946b, Genesis of ground waters in the Coastal Plain of Virginia: Economic Geology, v. 41, no. 3, p. 218-245.
35. Chapelle, F.H., 1983, Groundwater geochemistry and calcite cementation of the Aquia aquifer in southern Maryland: Water Resources Research, v. 19, no. 2, p. 545-558.
36. _ 1984a, Hydrogeology, digital solute-transport simulation, and geochemistry of the Lower Cretaceous aquifer system near Baltimore, Maryland: Washington, D.C., The George Washington University, Ph.D. dissertation, 217 p.
37. _ 1984b, The occurrence of dissolved oxygen and the origin of ferric hydroxide-cemented hardbeds in the Patuxent aquifer, Maryland, in Practical applications of ground-water geochemistry, Proceedings: Worthington, Ohio, National Water Well Association, p. 41-46.
38. _ 1985, Hydrogeology, digital solute-transport simulation, and geochemistry of the Lower Cretaceous aquifer system near Baltimore, Maryland, with a section on Well records, pumpage information, and other supplemental data, compiled by T.M. Kean: Maryland Geological Survey Report of Investigations 43, 120 p.
39. Chapelle, F.H., and Drummond, D.D., 1983, Hydrogeology, digital simulation, and geochemistry of the Aquia and Piney Point-Nanjemoy aquifer system in southern Maryland: Maryland Geological Survey Report of Investigations 38, 100 p.
40. Chapelle, F.H., and Knobel, L.L., 1983, Aqueous geochemistry and the exchangeable cation composition of glauconite in the Aquia aquifer, Maryland: Ground Water, v. 21, no. 3, p. 343-352.
41. 2: Ground Water, v. 23, no. 5, p. 592-599.
42. 2 to groundwater: Water Resources Research, v. 23, no. 8, p. 1625-1632.
43. Clark, W.B., Mathews, E.B., and Berry, E.W., 1918, The surface and underground water resources of Maryland, including Delaware and the District of Columbia: Maryland Geological Survey [Reports], v. 10, pt. 2, p. 169-542.
44. Claypool, G., and Kaplan, L.R., 1974, The origin and distribution of methane in marine sediments, in Kaplan, I.R., ed., Natural gases in marine sediments: New York, Plenum, p. 99-139.
45. Colburg, P.J., and Young, L.Y., 1985, Aromatic and volatile acid intermediates observed during anaerobic metabolism of lignin-derived oligomers: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v. 49, no. 2, p. 350-358.
46. Cooke, C.W., Martin, R.O.R., and Meyer, G., 1952, Geology and water resources of Prince Georges County: Maryland Geological Survey Bulletin 10, 270 p.
47. Cushing, E.M., Kantrowitz, I.H., and Taylor, K.R., 1973, Water resources of the Delmarva Peninsula: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 822, 58 p.
48. Darton, N.H., 1896, Artesian-well prospects in the Atlantic Coastal Plain region: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 138, 232 p.
49. DeBuchananne, G.D., 1968, Ground-water resources of the Eastern Shore of Virginia and the James, York, and Rappahannock River basins of Virginia east of the Fall Line: U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic Investigations Atlas HA-284, 2 sheets, scale 1:500,000.
50. Deer, W.A., Howie, R.A., and Zussman, J., 1966, An introduction to the rock forming minerals: London, Longmans, Green and Company, 528 p.
51. Demicco, P.M., 1982, Hydrogeology of the southern half of the Marydel quadrangle, Delaware: Newark, University of Delaware, M.S. thesis, 243 p.
52. Denver, J.M., 1986, Hydrogeology and geochemistry of the unconfined aquifer, west-central and southwestern Delaware: Delaware Geological Survey Report of Investigations 41, 100 p.
53. Donahue, R.L., 1961, Our soils and their management: Danville, IIL, Interstate Printers and Publishers, 568 p.
54. Drever, J.I., 1982, The geochemistry of natural waters: Englewood Cliffs, N.J., Prentice-Hall, 388 p.
55. Durov, S.A., 1948, Klassifikacija prirodnych vod i graficeskoje izobrazenie ich sostava [Classification of natural waters and graphic representation of their composition]: Akademiya Nauk SSSR Doklady, v. 59, no. 1, p. 87-90.
56. Eisenman, G., 1962, On the elementary atomic origin of equilibrium ionic specificity, in Kleinzeller, A., and Kotyk, A., eds., Symposium on Membrane Transport and Metabolism: New York, Academic Press, p. 163-179.
57. Faust, S.D., and Aly, O.M., 1981, Chemistry of natural waters: Ann Arbor, Mich., Ann Arbor Science Publishers, 400 p.
58. Fleck, W.B., and Vroblesky, D.A., 1996, Simulation of ground-water flow of the Coastal Plain aquifers in parts of Maryland, Delaware, and the District of Columbia; U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1404-J, 41 p., 9 pls.
59. Flipse, W.J., Jr., Katz, B.G., Lindner, J.B., and Markel, Richard, 1984, Sources of nitrate in ground water in a sewered housing development, central Long Island, New York: Ground Water, v. 22, no. 4, p. 418-426.
60. Foster, M.D., 1950, The origin of high sodium bicarbonate waters in the Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plains: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 1, p. 33-48.
61. Freeze, R.A., and Cherry, J.A., 1979, Groundwater Englewood Cliffs, N.J., Prentice-Hall, 604 p.
62. Fusillo, T.V., Hochreiter, J.J., Jr., and Lord, D.G., 1984, Water-quality data for the Potomac-Raritan-Magothy aquifer system in southwestern New Jersey, 1923-83: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 84-737, 127 p.
63. Fusillo, T.V., Schornick, J.C., Jr., Koester, H.E., and Harriman, D.A., 1980, Investigation of acidity and other water-quality characteristics of upper Oyster Creek, Ocean County, New Jersey: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations 80-10 ,30 p.
64. Garrels, R.M., 1976, A survey of low temperature water-mineral relations, in Interpretation of environmental isotope and hydrochemical data in ground-water hydrology: International Atomic Energy Agency Advisory Group Meeting, Vienna, January 27-31 ,1975, Proceedings, p. 65-84.
65. Garrels, R.M., and Christ, C.L., 1965, Solutions, minerals, and equilibria: New York, Harper and Row, 450 p.
66. Geyer, J.C., 1945, Ground water in the Baltimore industrial area: Maryland State Planning Commission Publication 44, 297 p.
67. Gibson, T.G., 1971, Miocene of the middle Atlantic Coastal Plain, in Environmental history of Maryland Miocene: Maryland Geological Survey Guidebook 3, p. 1-15.
68. Giese, G.L., Eimers, J.L., and Coble, R.W., in press, Simulation of ground-water flow in the Coastal Plain aquifer system of North Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1404-M.
69. Gill, H.E., 1962, Ground-water resources of Cape May County, New Jersey - Salt-water invasion of principal aquifers: New Jersey Department of Conservation and Economic Development, Division of Water Policy and Supply Special Report 18, 171 p.
70. Glaser, J.D., 1968, Coastal plain geology of southern Maryland: Maryland Geological Survey Guidebook 1, 56 p.
71. _ 1969, Petrology and origin of Potomac and Magothy (Cretaceous) sediments, middle Atlantic Coastal Plain: Maryland Geological Survey Report of Investigations 11, 102 p.
72. Godsy, E.M., 1980, Isolation of Methanobacterium bryantii from a deep aquifer by using a novel broth-antibiotic disk method: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v. 39, no. 5, p. 1074-1075.
73. Goldich, S.S., 1938, A study in rock weathering: Journal of Geology, v. 46, p. 17-58.
74. Grimes, D.J., 1980, Bacteriological water quality effects of hydraulically dredging contaminated upper Mississippi River bottom sediment: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v. 39, no. 4, p. 782-789.
75. Halsey, G., and Taylor, H.S., 1947, The adsorption of hydrogen on tungsten powders: Journal of Chemical Physics, v. 15, p. 624-630.
76. Hansen, H.J., 1972, A user's guide for the artesian aquifers of the Maryland Coastal Plain. Part Two, Aquifer characteristics: Baltimore, Maryland Geological Survey, 123 p.
77. _ 1974, Sedimentary facies of the Aquia Formation in the subsurface of the Maryland Coastal Plain: Maryland Geological Survey Report of Investigations 21, 47 p.
78. _ 1982, Hydrogeologic framework and potential utilization of the brine aquifers of the Waste Gate Formation, a new unit of the Potomac Group underlying the Delmarva Peninsula, pt. 1 of Hansen, H.J., and Doyle, J.A., eds., Waste Gate Formation: Maryland Geological Survey Open-File Report, p. 1-50.
79. _ 1984, Hydrogeologic characteristics of the Waste Gate Formation, a new subsurface unit of the Potomac Group underlying the eastern Delmarva Peninsula: Maryland Geological Survey Information Circular 39, 22 p.
80. Hansen, H.J., and Wilson, J.M., 1984, Summary of hydrogeologic data from a deep (2,678 ft.) well at Lexington Park, St. Mary's County, Maryland: Maryland Geological Survey Open-File Report 84-02-1, 61 p.
81. Harrington, A.H., 1981, Hydrogeochemistry of the Columbia Formation, southwestern Kent County, Delaware: Newark, University of Delaware, M.S. thesis, 101 p.
82. Harsh, J.F., and Laczniak, R.J., 1990, Conceptualization and analysis of the ground-water flow system in the Coastal Plain of Virginia and adjacent parts of Maryland and North Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1404-F, 100 p.
83. Heath, R.C., 1975, Hydrology of the Albemarle-Pamlico region, North Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations 9-75, 98 p.
84. _ 1980, Basic elements of ground-water hydrology with reference to North Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 80-44, 86 p.
85. _ 1984, Ground-water regions of the United States: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 2242, 78 p.
86. Hem, J.D., 1985, Study and interpretation of the chemical characteristics of natural water (3d ed.): U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 2254, 263 p., 3 pls.
87. Hess, Melodie, 1977, Drill-hole logs and location map of surface and shallow subsurface materials, central and southern Delmarva Peninsula, Maryland, Delaware, and Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map MF-899, 2 sheets, scale 1:250,000.
88. Hesse, P.R., 1972, A textbook of soil chemical analysis: New York, Chemical Publishing Co., 520 p.
89. Hill, J.M., and Conkwright, R.D., 1981, Chesapeake Bay Earth Science Study: Interstitial water chemistry: Maryland Geological Survey Chesapeake Bay Earth Science Study Open-File Report 3, 218 p.
90. Hobbie, J.E., Daley, R.J., and Jasper, S., 1977, Use of Nuclepore filters for counting bacteria by fluorescence microscopy: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v. 33, p. 1225-1228.
91. Howard, K.W.F., and Lloyd, J.W., 1983, Major ion characterization of coastal saline ground waters: Ground Water, v. 21, no. 4, p. 429-437.
92. Hutchison, N.E., comp., 1975, WATSTORE - National Water Data Storage and Retrieval System of the U.S. Geological Survey - User's guide: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 75-426, 791 p.
93. Jordan, R.R., 1967,1967 Delaware guidebook: Atlantic Coastal Plain Geological Association 8th Annual Field Conference, October 7-8, 1967, 53 p.
94. Junge, C.E., and Werby, R.T., 1958, The concentration of chloride, sodium, potassium, calcium, and sulfate in rain water over the United States: Journal of Meteorology, v. 15, p. 417-425.
95. Katz, B.G., Ragone, S.E., and Lindner, J.B., 1978, Monthly fluctuations in the quality of ground water near the water table in Nassau and Suffolk Counties, Long Island, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations 78-41, 38 p.
96. Kilpatrick, M.C., 1981, WATSTORE: A WATer Data STOrage and REtrieval System: Reston, Va., U.S. Geological Survey, 15 p.
97. Klass, D.L., 1984, Methane from anaerobic fermentation: Science, v. 223, no. 4640, p. 1021-1028.
98. Knobel, L.L., 1985, Ground-water-quality data for the Atlantic Coastal Plain: New Jersey, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, and North Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 85-154, 84 p.
99. Knobel, L.L., and Chapelle, F.H., 1986, Geochemistry, in Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain regional aquifer-system study, in Sun, R.J., ed., Regional Aquifer-System Analysis Program of the U.S. Geological Survey - Summary of projects, 1978-84: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1002, p. 186-190, figs. 118-122.
100. Knobel, L.L., Chapelle, F.H., and Phillips, S.W., 1987, Overview of geochemical processes controlling the chemistry of water in the Aquia and Magothy aquifers, northern Atlantic Coastal Plain, Maryland, in Vecchioli, John, and Johnson, A.I., eds., Regional aquifer systems of the United States - Aquifers of the Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain: American Water Resources Association Monograph Series 9, p. 25-37.
101. Knobel, L.L., and Phillips, S.W., 1988, Aqueous geochemistry of the Magothy aquifer, Maryland: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 2323, 28 p.
102. Kogure, Kazuhiro, Simidu, Ushio, and Taga, Nobuo, 1979, A tentative direct microscopic method for counting living marine bacteria: Canadian Journal of Microbiology, v. 25, p. 415-520.
103. 14 ratios of ground-water nitrate, Long Island, New York: Ground Water, v. 16, no. 6, p. 404-409.
104. Langmuir, Donald, 1969a, Geochemistry of iron in a Coastal-Plain ground water of the Camden, New Jersey, area: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 650-C, p C224-C235.
105. _ 1969b, Iron in ground waters of the Magothy and Raritan Formations in Camden and Burlington Counties, New Jersey: New Jersey Department of Conservation and Economic Development Water Resources Circular 19, 49 p.
106. 2 at 25°C: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 650-B, p. B180-B184.
107. _ 1971, The geochemistry of some carbonate groundwaters in central Pennsylvania: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 35, p. 1023-1045.
108. Leahy, P.P., 1982, A three-dimensional ground-water-flow model modified to reduce computer-memory requirements and better simulate confining-bed and aquifer pinchouts: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations 82-4023, 59 p.
109. Leahy, P.P., and Martin, Mary, 1986, Simulation of groundwater flow, in Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain regional aquifer-system study, in Sun, R.J., ed., Regional Aquifer-System Analysis Program of the U.S. Geological Survey - Summary of projects, 1978-84: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1002, p. 169-172, figs. 107-114.
110. _ 1993, Geohydrology and simulation of ground-water flow in the northern Atlantic Coastal Plain aquifer system: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1404-K, 81 p., 22 pls.
111. LeBlanc, D.R., 1982, Sewage plume in a sand and gravel aquifer, Cape Cod, Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 82-274, 35 p.
112. Leenheer, J.A., Malcolm, R.L., and White, W.R., 1976, Physical, chemical, and biological aspects of subsurface organic waste injection near Wilmington, North Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 987, 51 p.
113. LeGrand, H.E., 1956, Ground-water resources in North Carolina: North Carolina Department of Conservation and Development Bulletin 69, 20 p.
114. _ 1960, Geology and ground-water resources of Wilmington-New Bern area: North Carolina Department of Water Resources Ground-Water Bulletin 1, 80 p.
115. Lovely, D.R., and Phillips, E.J.P., 1988, Novel mode of microbial energy metabolism: organic carbon oxidation coupled to dissimilatory reduction of iron or manganese: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v. 54, no. 6, p. 1472-1480.
116. Luzier, J.E., 1980, Digital-simulation and projection of head changes in the Potomac-Raritan-Magothy aquifer system, Coastal Plain, New Jersey: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations 80-11, 72 p.
117. Mack, F.K., Webb, W.E., and Gardner, R.A., 1971, Water resources of Dorchester and Talbot Counties, Maryland: Maryland Geological Survey Report of Investigations 17, 107 p.
118. Maher, J.C., 1971, Geologic framework and petroleum potential of the Atlantic Coastal Plain and Continental Shelf, with a section on Stratigraphy, by J.C. Maher and E.R. Applin: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 659, 98 p.
119. Martin, Mary, in press, Ground-water flow in the New Jersey Coastal Plain: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1404-H.
120. Martin, R.O.R., and Ferguson, H.F., 1953, The water resources of St. Marys County: Maryland Geological Survey Bulletin 11, 195 p.
121. Mason, Brian, 1966, Principles of geochemistry (3d ed.): New York, John Wiley, 329 p.
122. Matthess, Georg, 1982, The properties of groundwater: New York, John Wiley, 406 p.
123. Mattick, R.E., and Bayer, K.C., 1980, Geologic setting and hydrocarbon exploration activity, in Scholle, P.A., ed., Geological studies of the COST No. B-3 well, United States Mid-Atlantic Continental Slope area: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 833, p. 4-12.
124. McArthur, J.M., 1985, Francolite geochemistry - compositional controls during formation, diagenesis, metamorphism and weathering: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 49, no. 1, p. 23-35.
125. Meisler, Harold, 1980, Plan of study for the northern Atlantic Coastal Plain regional aquifer system analysis: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations 80-16, 27 p.
126. _ 1989, The occurrence and geochemistry of salty ground water in the northern Atlantic Coastal Plain: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1404-D, 51 p.
127. Meisler, Harold, and Knobel, L.L., 1994, Documentation of hydrochemical-facies data and ranges of dissolved-solids concentrations for the northern Atlantic Coastal Plain aquifer system: New Jersey, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, and North Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-92, 6 p., 1 diskette.
128. Meisler, Harold, Leahy, P.P., and Knobel, L.L., 1984, Effect of eustatic sea-level changes on saltwater-freshwater relations in the northern Atlantic Coastal Plain: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 2255, 28 p.
129. Meisler, Harold, Miller, J.A., Knobel, L.L, and Wait, R.L., 1988, Hydrogeology of the Atlantic and Eastern Gulf Coastal Plain, in Back, William, Rosenshein, J.S., and Seaber, P.R., eds., Hydrogeology, v. O-2 of The geology of North America: Boulder, Colo., Geological Society of America, p. 209-218.
130. Meng, A.A., III, and Harsh, J.F., 1984, Hydrogeologic framework of the Virginia Coastal Plain: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 84-728, 129 p.
131. _ 1988, Hydrogeologic framework of the Virginia Coastal Plain: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1404-C, 82 p., 4 pls.
132. Miller, I., and Freund, J.E., 1977, Probability and statistics for engineers (2d ed.): Englewood Cliffs, N.J., Prentice-Hall, 528 p.
133. Miller, J.A., 1982, Stratigraphy, structure and phosphate deposits of the Pungo River Formation of North Carolina: North Carolina Department of Natural Resources and Community Development Bulletin 87, 32 p.
134. Mixon, R.B., 1985, Stratigraphic and geomorphic framework of uppermost Cenozoic deposits in the southern Delmarva Peninsula, Virginia and Maryland: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1067-G, 53 p., 2 pls.
135. Mundorff, M.J., 1946, Ground water in the Halifax area, North Carolina: North Carolina Department of Conservation and Development Bulletin 51, 76 p.
136. Nelson, P.F., 1964, Geology and ground-water resources of the Swanquarter area, North Carolina: North Carolina Department of Water Resources Ground-Water Bulletin 4, 79 p.
137. Newton, V.P., and Siudyla, E.A., 1979, Ground-water of the Northern Neck Peninsula: Virginia State Water Control Board Planning Bulletin 307, 110 p.
138. Nordstrom, D.K., Plummer, L.N., Wigley, T.M.L., Wolery, T.J., Ball, J.W, Jenne, E.A., Bassett, R.L., Crerar, D.A., Florence, T.M., Fritz, B., Hoffman, M., Holdren, G.R., Jr., Lafon, G.M., Mattigod, S.V., McDuff, R.E., Morel, F., Reddy, M.M., Sposito, G., and Thrailkill, J., 1979, A comparison of computerized chemical models for equilibrium calculations in aqueous systems, in Jenne, E.A., ed., Chemical modeling in aqueous systems: American Chemical Society Symposium Series 93, p. 857-892.
139. Oaks, R.Q., Jr., and Coch, N.K., 1973, Post-Miocene stratigraphy and morphology, southeastern Virginia: Virginia Division of Mineral Resources Bulletin 82, 135 p.
140. Olson, G.J., Dockins, W.S., McFeters, G.A., and Iverson, W.P., 1981, Sulfate-reducing and methanogenic bacteria from deep aquifers in Montana: Geomicrobiology Journal, v. 2, no. 4, p. 327-340.
141. Oremland, R.S., and Polcin, S., 1982, Methanogenesis and sulfate reduction: Competitive and noncompetitive substrates in estuarine sediments: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v. 44, no. 6, p. 1270-1276.
142. Otton, E.G., 1955, Ground-water resources of the southern Maryland Coastal Plain: Maryland Department of Geology, Mines and Water Resources Bulletin 15, 347 p.
143. Overbeck, R.M., Slaughter, T.H., and Hulme, A.E., 1958, The water resources of Cecil, Kent and Queen Annes Counties: Maryland Department of Geology, Mines and Water Resources Bulletin 21, 478 p.
144. Overcash, M.R., Humenik, F.J., and Miner, J.R., 1983, Livestock waste management: Boca Raton, Fla., CRC Press, v. 1, 255 p.
145. Owens, J.P., and Denny, C.S., 1979, Upper Cenozoic deposits of the central Delmarva Peninsula, Maryland and Delaware: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1067-A, 28 p.
146. Owens, J.P., and Gohn, G.S., 1985, Depositional history of the Cretaceous Series in the U.S. Atlantic Coastal Plain: Stratigraphy, paleoenvironments, and tectonic controls of sedimentation, in Poag, C.W., ed., Geologic evolution of the United States Atlantic margin: New York, Van Nostrand Reinhold, p. 25-86.
147. Owens, J.P., Hess, M.M., Denny, C.S., and Dwornik, E.J., 1983, Postdepositional alteration of surface and near-surface minerals in selected Coastal Plain formations of the Middle Atlantic States: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1067-F, 45 p.
148. Owens, J.P., Sohl, N.F., and Minard, J.P., 1977, A field guide to Cretaceous and lower Tertiary beds of the Raritan and Salisbury embayments, New Jersey, Delaware, and Maryland: American Association of Petroleum Geologists and Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, 113 p.
149. Parkhurst, D.L., Plummer, L.N., and Thorstenson, D.C., 1982, BALANCE - A computer program for calculating mass transfer for geochemical reactions in ground water: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations 82-14, 29 p.
150. Pearson, F.J., Jr., and Friedman, Irving, 1970, Sources of dissolved carbonate in an aquifer free of carbonate minerals: Water Resources Research, v. 6, no. 6, p. 1775-1781.
151. Pearson, F.J., Jr., and Hanshaw, B.B., 1970, Sources of dissolved carbonate species in groundwater and their effects on carbon-14 dating, in Isotope hydrology, 1970 - A Symposium, Vienna, Austria, 1970, Proceedings: Vienna, Austria, International Atomic Energy Agency STI-Pub. 255, p. 271-286.
152. Pickett, T.E., 1970, Delaware clay resources: Delaware Geological Survey Report of Investigations 14, 70 p.
153. Plummer, L.N., and Back, William, 1980, The mass balance approach: Application to interpreting the chemical evolution of hydrologic systems: American Journal of Science, v. 280, p. 130-142.
154. Plummer, L.N., Jones, B.F., and Truesdell, A.H., 1976, WATEQF-A FORTRAN IV version of WATEQ, a computer program for calculating chemical equilibrium of natural waters: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations 76-13, 61 p. (Reprinted 1978.)
155. Plummer, L.N., Parkhurst, D.L., and Thorstenson, D.C., 1983, Development of reaction models for ground-water systems: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 47, p. 665-686.
156. Porter, K.S., Bouldin, D.R., Shoemaker, C.A., Baskin, L.B., Zaeh, D.H., Pacenka, Stephen, and Fricke, D.H., 1978, Nitrogen on Long Island: Sources and fate: Ithaca, N.Y., Cornell University Cooperative Extension, 186 p.
157. Postgate, J.R., 1963, Versatile medium for the enumeration of sulfate-reducing bacteria: Applied Microbiology, v. 11, p. 265-267.
158. Powell, J.D., and Larson, J.D., 1985, Relation between groundwater quality and mineralogy in the coal-producing Norton Formation of Buchanan County, Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 2274, 30 p.
159. Quinby-Hunt, M.S., and Turekian, K.K., 1983, Distribution of elements in sea water: Eos, v. 64, no. 14, p. 130-131.
160. Ragone, S.E., 1977, Geochemical effects of recharging the Magothy aquifer, Bay Park, New York, with tertiary-treated sewage: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 751-D, 22 p.
161. Ragone, S.E., Katz, B.G., Lindner, J.B., and Flipse, W.J., Jr., 1976, Chemical quality of ground water in Nassau and Suffolk Counties, Long Island, New York - 1952 through 1976: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 76-845, 92 p.
162. Rasmussen, W.C., Slaughter, T.H., Hulme, A.E., and Murphy, J.J., 1957, The water resources of Caroline, Dorchester, and Talbot Counties: Maryland Department of Geology, Mines and Water Resources Bulletin 18, 465 p.
163. Rasmussen, W.C., Slaughter, T.H., Meyer, R.R., Bennett, R.R., and Hulme, A.E., 1955, The water resources of Somerset, Wicomico, and Worcester Counties: Maryland Department of Geology, Mines and Water Resources Bulletin 16, 533 p.
164. Reardon, E.J., 1981, Unsaturated zone processes in determining the chemical composition of groundwater recharge [abs.]: Eos, v. 62, no. 17, p. 285.
165. Renick, B.C., 1925, Base exchange in ground water by silicates as illustrated in Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 520-D, p. 53-72.
166. 2 and dissolved carbonate species in ground water: Water Resources Research, v. 9, no. 4, p. 958-967.
167. Ritter, W.F., and Chirnside, A.E.M., 1982, Ground-water quality in selected areas of Kent and Sussex Counties, Delaware: Newark, University of Delaware, Agricultural Engineering Department, 229 p.
168. _ 1984, Impact of land use on ground-water quality in southern Delaware: Ground Water, v. 22, no. 1, p. 38-47.
169. Robertson, F.N., 1979, Evaluation of nitrate in the ground water in the Delaware Coastal Plain: Ground Water, v. 17, no. 4, p. 328-337.
170. Runnells, D.D., 1969, Diagenesis, chemical sediments, and the mixing of natural waters: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 39, no. 3, p 1188-1201.
171. Russell, E.W.B., and Krug, Edward, 1980, Landscape features and bog iron ore deposits of the New Jersey Pine Barrens, in Manspeizer, Warren, ed., Field studies of New Jersey geology and guide to field trips - 52nd Annual Meeting, New York State Geological Association: Newark, N.J., Rutgers University, p. 146-157.
172. Sayles, F.L., and Mangelsdorf, P.C., 1979, Cation-exchange characteristics of Amazon River suspended sediment and its reaction with seawater: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 43, p. 767-779.
173. Schaefer, F.L., 1983, Distribution of chloride concentrations in the principal aquifers of the New Jersey Coastal Plain, 1977-81: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 83-4061, 56 p.
174. Sehluger, P.R., and Roberson, H.E., 1975, Mineralogy and chemistry of the Patapsco Formation, Maryland, related to ground-water geochemistry and flow system: A contribution to the origin of red beds: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 86, p. 153-158.
175. Seaber, P.R., 1962, Cation hydrochemical facies of ground water in the Englishtown Formation, New Jersey: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 450-B, p. B124-B126.
176. _ 1965, Variations in chemical character of water in the Englishtown Formation, New Jersey: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 498-B, 35 p.
177. Sinnott, Allen, and Tibbitts, G.C., Jr., 1968, Ground-water resources of Accomack and Northampton Counties, Virginia: Virginia Division of Mineral Resources Report 9, 113 p.
178. Slaughter, T.H., 1962, Beach-area water supplies between Ocean City, Maryland, and Rehoboth Beach, Delaware: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 1619-T, 10 p.
179. Spoljaric, Nenad, and Crawford, W.A., 1979, Removal of metals from laboratory solutions and landfill leachate by green-sand filters: Delaware Geological Survey Report of Investigations 32, 30 p.
180. Stuckey, J.L., 1965, North Carolina: Its geology and mineral resources: Raleigh, N.C., North Carolina Department of Conservation and Development, 550 p.
181. Stumm, Werner, and Morgan, J.J., 1981, Aquatic chemistry: New York, John Wiley, 780 p.
182. Swenson, H.A., 1965, Minerals in water: Science Teacher, v. 32, no. 1, p. 17-21.
183. Swift, D.J.P., and Heron, S.D., Jr., 1969, Stratigraphy of the Carolina Cretaceous: Southeastern Geology, v. 10, no. 4, p. 201-245.
184. Thorstenson, D.C., Fisher, D.W., and Croft, M.G., 1979, The geochemistry of the Fox Hills-Basal Hell Creek aquifer in southwestern North Dakota and northwestern South Dakota: Water Resources Research, v. 15, no. 6, p. 1479-1498.
185. Todd, D.K., 1980, Groundwater hydrology (2d ed.): New York, John Wiley, 535 p.
186. Trapp, Henry, Jr., 1992, Hydrogeologic framework of the northern Atlantic Coastal Plain in parts of North Carolina, Virginia, Maryland, Delaware, New Jersey, and New York: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1404-G, 59 p., 13 pls.
187. Trapp, Henry, Jr., Knobel, L.L., Meisler, Harold, and Leahy, P.R, 1984, Test well DO-CE 88 at Cambridge, Dorchester County, Maryland: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 2229, 48 p.
188. Trapp, Henry, Jr., and Meisler, Harold, 1992, The regional aquifer system underlying the northern Atlantic Coastal Plain in parts of North Carolina, Virginia, Maryland, Delaware, New Jersey, and New York - Summary: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1404-A, 33 p., 11 pls.
189. Travis, C.C., and Etnier, E.L., 1981, A survey of sorption relationships for reactive solutes in soils: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 10, no. 1, p. 8-17.
190. Uchupi, Elazar, 1968, Atlantic Continental Shelf and Slope of the United States - Physiography: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 529-C, 30 p.
191. U.S. Department of Commerce, 1973a, Monthly averages of temperature and precipitation for State climatic divisions 1941-70, New Jersey: U.S. Department of Commerce Climatography of the United States No. 85 (by State - New Jersey), 4 p.
192. _ 1973b, Monthly averages of temperature and precipitation for State climatic divisions 1941-70, North Carolina: U.S. Department of Commerce Climatography of the United States No. 85 (by State - North Carolina), 8 p.
193. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1975, Navigable waters discharge of dredged or fill material: Federal Register, v. 40, p. 41291-41298.
194. U.S. Geological Survey, 1977, National handbook of recommended methods for water-data acquisition. Chapter 5, Chemical and physical quality of water and sediment: Reston, Va., U.S. Geological Survey, Office of Water-Data Coordination, 196 p.
195. Vroblesky, D.A., and Fleck, W.B., 1991, Hydrogeologic framework of the Coastal Plain of Maryland, Delaware, and the District of Columbia: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1404-E, 45 p., 2 pls.
196. 2 reduction vs. acetate fermentation - Isotope evidence: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 50, no. 5, p. 693-709.
197. Wigley, T.M.L., Plummer, L.N., and Pearson, F.J., Jr., 1978, Mass transfer and carbon isotope evolution in natural water systems: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 42, p. 1117-1139.
198. _ 1979, Errata to "Mass transfer and carbon isotope evolution in natural water systems": Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 43, p. 1395.
199. Wilson, J.M., 1986, Stratigraphy, hydrogeology, and water chemistry of the Cretaceous aquifers of the Waldorf/La Plata area, Charles County, Maryland: Maryland Geological Survey Open-File Report 86-02-2, 66 p.
200. Wilson, J.T., McNabb, J.F., Balkwill, D.L., and Ghiorse, W.C., 1983, Enumeration and characterization of bacteria indigenous to a shallow water-table aquifer: Ground Water, v. 21, no. 2, p. 134-142.
201. Winner, M.D., Jr., and Coble, R.W., 1996, Hydrogeologic framework of the North Carolina Coastal Plain: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1404-I, 106 p., 24 pls.
202. 14C dating of water from aquifers of deltaic origin; an example from the New Jersey Coastal Plain, in Isotope techniques in groundwater hydrology: International Atomic Energy Agency [Vienna] Proceedings Series STI/PUB/373, v. 2, p. 69-93.
203. Wolfe, P.E., 1977, The geology and landscapes of New Jersey: New York, Crane, Russak and Company, 351 p.
204. Wolff, R.G., 1967, X-ray and chemical study of weathering glauconite: American Mineralogist, v. 52, p. 1129-1138.
205. Woll, R.S., 1978, Maryland ground-water information: Chemical quality data: Maryland Geological Survey Water Resources Basic-Data Report no. 10, 126 p.
206. Wollast, R., Debouverie, D., and Duvigneaud, P.H., 1971, Influence of Sr and Mg on the stability of calcite and aragonite, in Bricker, O.P., ed., Carbonate cements: Johns Hopkins University Studies in Geology 19, p. 274-277.
207. Wood, W.W., 1976, Guidelines for collection and field analysis of ground-water samples for selected unstable constituents: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations, book 1, chap. D2, 24 p.
208. Wright, T.O., and Huffman, C.A., 1979, Correlation of indurated beds in the Paleocene Brightseat and Aquia Formations, Prince Georges County, Maryland: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 49, no. 1, p. 315-320.
209. Zapecza, O.S., 1989, Hydrogeologic framework of the New Jersey Coastal Plain: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1404-B, 49 p., 24 pls.
210. Zaporozec, Alexander, 1972, Graphical interpretation of water quality data: Ground Water, v. 10, no. 2, p. 32-43.