Explosive school-based measles outbreak: Intense exposure may have resulted in high risk, even among revaccinees

American Journal of Epidemiology

Volumn 148, Issue 11, 1998, Pages 1103-1110

  Paunio, Mikko ^a   Peltola, Heikki ^b   Valle, Martti ^c   Davidkin, Irja ^c   Virtanen, Martti ^c   Heinonen, Olli P ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI   (Finland)

^b HELSINKI UNIVERSITY CENTRAL HOSPITAL   (Finland)

^c NATIONAL PUBLIC HEALTH INSTITUTE   (Finland)

Author keywords

Communicable diseases; Disease outbreaks; Disease transmission; Immunization; Measles; Measles vaccine; Measles virus; Vaccination

Indexed keywords

MEASLES MUMPS RUBELLA VACCINE; MEASLES VACCINE;

AIRBORNE INFECTION; ARTICLE; CHILD; COMMUNICABLE DISEASE; DISEASE CONTROL; DISEASE TRANSMISSION; EPIDEMIC; FINLAND; HIGH RISK POPULATION; HUMAN; IMMUNITY; INFANT; INFECTION RISK; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MEASLES; MEASLES VACCINATION; MEASLES VIRUS; SCHOOL CHILD; VIRUS INFECTION;

EID: 0032404198     PISSN: 00029262     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009588     Document Type: Article

References (34)

1. Langmuir AD. Changing concepts of airborne infection of acute contagious diseases: a reconsideration of classic epidemiologic theories. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1980;353:35-44.
2. Chen RT, Goldbaum GM, Wassilak SG, et al. An explosive point-source measles outbreak in a highly vaccinated population: modes of transmission and risk factors for disease. Am J Epidemiol 1989;129:173-82.
3. Riley EC, Murphy G, Riley RL. Airborne spread of measles in a suburban elementary school. Am J Epidemiol 1978;107: 421-32.
4. Gustafson TL, Lievens AW, Brunell PA, et al. Measles outbreak in a fully immunized secondary-school population. N Engl J Med 1987;316:771-4.
5. Markowitz LE, Preblud SR, Orenstein WA, et al. Patterns of transmission in measles outbreaks in the United States, 1985-1986. N Engl J Med 1989;320:75-81.
6. Imported measles with subsequent airborne transmission in a pediatrician's office-Michigan. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 1983;32:401-3.
7. Bloch AB, Orenstein WA, Ewing WM, et al. Measles outbreak in a pediatric practice: airborne transmission in an office setting. Pediatrics 1985;75:676-83.
8. Remington PL, Hall WN, Davis IH, et al. Airborne transmission of measles in a physician's office. JAMA 1985;253: 1574-7.
9. Measles transmitted in a medical office building - New Mexico, 1986. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 1987;36:25-7.
10. de Jong JG, Winkler KC. Survival of measles virus in air. Nature 1964;201:1054-5.
11. Aaby P, Bukh J, Leerhoy J, et al. Vaccinated children get milder measles infection: a community study from Guinea-Bissau. J Infect Dis 1986;154:858-63.
12. Anderson RM, May RM. Directly transmitted infectious diseases: control by vaccination. Science 1982;215:1053-60.
13. Markowitz LE, Preblud SR, Fine PE, et al. Duration of live measles vaccine-induced immunity. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1990; 9:101-10.
14. Peltola H, Heinonen OP, Valle M, et al. The elimination of indigenous measles, mumps, and rubella from Finland by a 12-year, two-dose vaccination program. N Engl J Med 1994; 331:1397-402.
15. Peltola H, Davidkin I, Valle M, et al. No measles in Finland. (Letter). Lancet 1997;350:1364-5.
16. Butler JC, Proctor ME, Fessier K, et al. Household acquisition of measles and illness severity in an urban community in the United States. Epidemiol Infect 1994;112:569-77.
17. Sutter RW, Markowitz LE, Bennetch JM, et al. Measles among the Amish: a comparative study of measles severity in primary and secondary cases in households. J Infect Dis 1991;163:12-16.
18. Greenland S, Robins JM. Estimation of a common effect parameter from sparse follow-up data. Biometrics 1985;41: 55-68.
19. Mausner JS, Kramer S. Epidemiologic aspects of infectious disease. In: Epidemiology - an introductory text. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, PA: W B Saunders Company, 1985:281-3.
20. de Quadros CA, Olive JM, Hersh BS, et al. Measles elimination in the Americas: evolving strategies. JAMA 1996;275: 224-9.
21. Lerman SJ, Gold E. Measles in children previously vaccinated against measles. JAMA 1971;216:1311-14.
22. McIntyre RC, Preblud SR, Polloi A, et al. Measles and measles vaccine efficacy in a remote island population. Bull World Health Organ 1982;60:767-75.
23. Brunell PA, Weigle K, Murphy MD, et al. Antibody response following measles-mumps-rubella vaccine under conditions of customary use. JAMA 1983;250:1409-12.
24. Poland GA, Jacobson RM, Thampy AM, et al. Measles reimmunization in children seronegative after initial immunization. JAMA 1997;277:1156-8.
25. Nkowane BM, Bart SW, Orenstein WA, et al. Measles outbreak in a vaccinated school population: epidemiology, chains of transmission and the role of vaccine failures. Am J Public Health 1987;77:434-8.
26. Wells WF, Wells MW, Wilder TS. The environmental control of epidemic contagion. I. An epidemiologic study of radiant disinfection of air in day schools. Am J Hyg 1942;35:97-121.
27. Fine PE, Zell ER. Outbreaks in highly vaccinated populations: implications for studies of vaccine performance. Am J Epidemiol 1994;139:77-90.
28. Chen RT, Markowitz LE, Albrecht P, et al. Measles antibody: reevaluation of protective titers. J Infect Dis 1990;162:1036-42.
29. Erdman DD, Heath JL, Watson JC, et al. Immunoglobulin M antibody response to measles virus following primary and secondary vaccination and natural virus infection. J Med Virol 1993;41:44-8.
30. Hidaka Y, Aoki T, Akeda H, et al. Serological and clinical characteristics of measles vaccine failure in Japan. Scand J Infect Dis 1994;26:725-30.
31. Halstead SB, O'Rourke EJ. Antibody-enhanced dengue virus infection in primate leukocytes. Nature 1977;265:739-41.
32. Peins JS, Porterfield JS. Antibody-mediated enhancement of Flavivirus replication in macrophage-like cell lines. Nature 1979;282:509-11.
33. Linnemann CC Jr, Rotte TC, Schiff GM, et al. A seroepidemiologic study of a measles epidemic in a highly immunized population. Am J Epidemiol 1972;95:238-46.
34. Panum PL. Observations made during the epidemic of measles on the Faroe Islands in the year 1846. Med Classics 1939;3: 829-86.