Monitoring during anaesthesia: Techniques and interpretation

Equine Veterinary Education

Volumn 10, Issue 4, 1998, Pages 207-218

  Trim, Cynthia M ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0032399620     PISSN: 09577734     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-3292.1998.tb00879.x     Document Type: Article

References (57)

1. Anon (1995) Anesthesiology guidelines developed by the American College of Veterinary Anesthesiologists. J. Am .vet. med. Ass. 206, 936-937.
2. Adams, J.G. and Trim, C.M. (1990) Plasma glucose concentrations in anesthetized foals. Equine Pract. 12, 25-29.
3. Aida, H., Mizuno, Y. and Hobo, S. (1994) Determination of the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) and physical response to sevoflurane in horses. J. vet. med. Sci. 56, 1161-1165.
4. Aida, H., Mizuno, Y., Hobo, S., Yoshida, K. and Fujinaga, T. (1996) Cardiovascular and pulmonary effects of sevoflurane anaesthesia in horses. Vet. Surg. 25, 164-170.
5. Bailey, J.E., Dunlop, C.I., Chapman, P.L., Demme, W.C., Allen, S.L., Heath, R.B., Crump, K.T., Golden, C.S. and Wagner, A.E. (1994) Indirect Doppler ultrasonic measurement of arterial blood pressure results in a large measurement error in dorsally recumbent anaesthetised horses. Equine vet. J. 26, 70-73.
6. Baker, L.A., Topliff, D.R., Freeman, D.W., Teeter, R.G. and Breazile, J.W. (1992) Effect of dietary cation-anion balance on acid-base status in horses. Equine vet. Sci. 12,160-163.
7. Cabell, L.W., Perkowski, S.Z., Gregor, T. and Smith, G.K. (1997) The effects of active peripheral skin warming on perioperative hypothermia in dogs. Vet. Surg. 26, 79-85.
8. Carli, F., Webster, J., Pearson, M., Forrest, J., Venkatesan, S., Wenham, D. and Halliday, D. (1991) Postoperative protein metabolism: effect of nursing elderly patients for 24 h after abdominal surgery in a thermoneutral environment. Br. J. Anaesth. 66, 292-299.
9. Chaffin, M.K., Mathews, N.S., Cohen, N.D. and Carter, G.K. (1996) Evaluation of pulse oximetry in anaesthetised foals using multiple combinations of tranducer type and transducer attachment site. Equine vet. J. 28, 437-445.
10. Clarke, K.W, England, G.C.W. and Goosens, L. (1991) Sedative and cardiovascular effects of romifidine, alone and in combination with butorphanol, in the horse. J. vet. Anaesth. 18, 25-29.
11. Cribb, P.H. (1988a) The effects of prolonged hypotensive isoflurane anaesthesia in horses: Postanesthetic myopathy (abstract). Vet. Surg. 17, 164-165.
12. Cribb, P.H. (1988b) Capnographic monitoring during anaesthesia with controlled ventilation in the horse. Vet. Surg. 17, 48-52.
13. Dunlop, C.I., Hodgson, D.S., Chapman, P.L., Stevens, T. and Waldron, R.D. (1990) Cardiopulmonary effects of isoflurane and halothane in spontaneously ventilating foals (abstract). Vet. Surg. 19, 315.
14. Dunlop, C.I. (1994) Anaesthesia and sedation of foals. Vet. Clin. N. Am.: Equine Pract. 10, 67-85.
15. Ekstrom, P.M., Short, C.E. and Geimer, T.R. (1993) Electroencephalography of detomidine-ketamine-halothane and detomidine-ketamine-isoflurane anesthetized horses during orthopedic surgery: a comparison. Vet. Surg. 22, 414-418.
16. Fedde, M.R. (1991) Blood gas analyses on equine blood: required correction factors. Equine vet. J. 23, 410-412.
17. Geddes, L.A., Chaffee, V., Whistler, S.J., Bourland, J.D. and Tacker, W.A. (1977) Indirect mean blood pressure in the anesthetized pony. Am. J. vet. Res. 38, 2055-2057.
18. 2 values in isofluraneanesthetized equine neonates. Am. J. vet. Res. 53, 1617-1621.
19. Grandy, J.L., Steffey, E.P., Hodgson, D.S. and Woliner, M.J. (1987) Arterial hypotention and the development of postanesthetic myopathy in halothane-anesthetized horses. Am. J. vet. Res. 48, 192-197.
20. Hodgson, D.S., Dunlop, C.I., Chapman, P.L. and Steffey, E.P. (1990) Cardiopulmonary effects of isoflurane in foals (abstract). Vet. Surg. 19, 316.
21. Johnson, C.B., Young, S.S. and Taylor, P.M. (1994) Analysis of the frequency spectrum of the equine electroencephalogram during halothane anaesthesia. Res. vet. Sci. 56, 373-378.
22. Johnston, G.M., Taylor, P.M., Holmes, M.A. and Wood, J.L.N. (1995) Confidential enquiry of perioperative equine fatalities (CEPEF-1): preliminary results. Equine vet. J. 27, 193-200.
23. Kellagher, R.E.B. and Watney, G.C.G. (1986) Cardiac arrest during anaesthesia in two horses. Vet. Rec. 119, 347-349.
24. Khanna, A.K., McDonell, W.N. and Taylor, P.M. (1995) Cardiopulmonary effects of hypercapnia during controlled intermittent positive pressure ventilation in the horse. Can. J. vet. Res. 59, 213-221.
25. Kurz, A., Sessler, D.I. and Lenhardt, R. (1996) Perioperative normothermia to reduce the incidence of surgical-wound infection and shorten hospitalization. N. Eng. J. Med. 334, 1209-1215.
26. Latshaw, H., Fessler, J.F., Whistler, S.J. and Geddes, L.A. (1979) Indirect measurement of mean blood pressure in the normotensive and hypotensive horse. Equine vet. J. 11, 191-194.
27. Matthews, N.S., Hartsfield, S.M., Cornick, J.L. and Jacobson, J.D. (1990) A comparison of end-tidal halothane concentration measurement at different locations in the horse (abstract). Vet. Surg. 19, 317.
28. 2 tension and alveolar dead space in halothane- or isofluraneanesthetized ponies. Am. J. vet. Res. 46, 597-599.
29. Moens, Y. (1989) Arterial-alveolar carbon dioxide tension difference and aveolar dead space in halothane anaesthetised horses. Equine vet. J. 21, 282-284.
30. Moens, Y., Gootjes, P. and Lagerweij, E. (1991) The influence of methane on the infrared measurement of halothane in the horse. J. vet. Anaesth. 18, 4-7.
31. Muir, W.W. and McGuirk, S.M. (1984) Hemodynamics before and after conversion of atrial fibrillation to normal sinus rhythm in horses. J. Am. vet. med. Ass. 184, 965-970.
32. Muir, W.W., Wade, A. and Grospitch, B. (1983) Automatic noninvasive sphygmomanometry in horses. J. Am. vet. med. Ass. 182, 1230-1233.
33. Otto, K. and Short, C.E. (1991) Electroencephalographic power spectrum analysis as a monitor of anesthetic depth in horses. Vet. Surg. 20, 362-371.
34. Otto, KA., Voigt, S., Piepenbrock, S., Deegan, E. and Short, C.E. (1996) Differences in quantitated electroencephalographic variables during surgical stimulation of horses anesthetized with isoflurane. Vet. Surg. 25, 249-255.
35. Parry, B.W., McCarthy, M.A., Anderson, G.A. and Gay, C.C. (1982) Correct occlusive bladder width for indirect blood pressure measurement in horses. Am. J. vet. Res. 43, 50-54.
36. Richey, M.T., Holland, M.S., McGrath, C.J., Dodman, N.H., Marshall, D.B., Court, M.H., Norman, W.M. and Seeler, D.C. (1990) Equine post-anesthetic lameness. A retrospective study. Vet. Surg. 19, 392-397.
37. Riebold, T.W. and Evans, A.T. (1985) Blood pressure measurements in the anesthetized horse: comparison of four methods. Vet. Surg. 14, 332-337.
38. Robertson, S.A. (1990) Practical use of ECG in the horse. In Practice 12, 59-67.
39. Robertson, S.A., Carter, S.W., Donovan, M. and Steele, C. (1990) Effects of intravenous xylazine hydrochloride on blood glucose, plasma insulin and rectal temperature in neonatal foals. Equine vet. J. 22, 43-47.
40. Sessler, D.I. (1997) Mild perioperative hypothermia. New Engl. J. Med. 336, 1730-1737.
41. Sheffield, C.W., Sessler, D.I. and Hunt, T.K. (1994) Mild hypothermia during isoflurane anaesthesia decreases resistance to E. coli dermal infection in guinea pigs. Acta Anaesthesiol. Scand. 38, 201-205.
42. Steffey, E.P. and Rowland, D. (1980) Comparison of circulatory and respiratory effects of isoflurane and halothane anaesthesia in horses. Am. J. vet. Res. 41, 821-825.
43. Steffey, E.P., Howland, D., Giri, S. and Eger, E.I. (1977) Enfiurane, halothane, and isoflurane potency in horses. Am. J. vet. Res. 38,1037-1039.
44. Steffey, E.P., Hodgson, D.S., Dunlop, C.I., Miller, M.F., Woliner, M.J., Heath, R.B. and Grandy, J. (1987a) Cardiopulmonary function during 5 hours of constant-dose isoflurane in laterally recumbent, spontaneously breathing horses. J. vet. Pharmacol. Therap. 10, 290-297.
45. Steffey, E.P., Dunlop, C.I., Farver, T.B., Woliner, M.J. and Schultz, L.J. (1987b) Cardiovascular and respiratory measurements in awake and isoflurane-anesthetized horses. Am. J. vet. Res. 48, 7-12.
46. Taylor, P.M. (1990) Interference with the Datex normac anaesthetic agent monitor for halothane in horses and sheep. J. Ass. vet. Anaesth. 17, 32-34.
47. Tremper, K.K. and Barker, S.J. (1990) Monitoring of oxygen. In: Clinical Monitoring. Ed: C.L. Lake. W. B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia, pp 283-313.
48. Wagner, A.E., Bednarski, R.M. and Muir, W.W. (1990) Hemodynamic effects of carbon dioxide during intermittent positive-pressure ventilation in horses. Am. J. vet. Res. 51, 1922-1929.
49. Wagner, A.E., Muir, W.W. and Hinchcliff, K.W. (1991) Cardiovascular effects of xylazine and detomidine in horses. Am. J. vet. Res. 52, 651-657.
50. Wagner, A.E., Dunlop, C.I., Wertz, E.M. and Chapman, P.L. (1996) Evaluation of five common induction protocols by comparison of hemodynamic responses to surgical manipulation in halothaneanesthetized horses. J. Am. vet. med. Ass. 208, 252-257.
51. Wan, P.Y., Trim, C.M. and Mueller, P.O.E. (1992) Xylazineketamine and detomidine-tiletamine-zolazepam anaesthesia in horses. Vet. Surg. 21, 312-318.
52. Ward, D.S. (1997) Anatomy of anaesthesia monitors: what they can and cannot do, and what if they do nothing? In: Refresher Courses in Anesthesiology 25, 209-219.
53. Wass, C.T., Lanier, W.L., Hofer, R.E., Scheithauer, B.W. and Andrews, A.G. (1995) Temperature changes of >1°C alter functional neurologic outcome and histopathology in a canine model of complete cerebral ischemia. Anesthesiology 83, 325-335.
54. Watney, G.C.G., Norman, W.M., Schumacher, J.P. and Beck, E. (1993) Accuracy of a reflectance pulse oximeter in anesthetized horses. Am. J. vet. Res. 54, 497-501.
55. Whitehair, K.J., Watney, G.C.G., Leith, D.E. and DeBowes, R.M. (1990) Pulse oximetry in horses. Vet. Surg. 19, 243-248.
56. Whitton, D.L. and Trim, C.M. (1985) Use of dopamine hydrochloride during general anaesthesia in the treatmént of advanced atrioventricular heart block in four foals. J. Am. vet. med. Ass. 187, 1357-1361.
57. Young, S.S. and Taylor, P.M. (1993) Factors influencing the outcome of equine anaesthesia: a review of 1,314 cases. Equine vet. J. 25, 147-151.