The role of age, family support, and negative cognitions in the prediction of depressive symptoms

School Psychology Review

Volumn 27, Issue 1, 1998, Pages 121-137

  Ostrander, Rick ^a   Weinfurt, Kevin P ^a   Nay, W Robert ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0032393810     PISSN: 02796015     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (107)

1. Abramson, L. Y., Metalsky, G. I., & Alloy, L. B. (1989). Hopelessness depression: A theory-based subtype of depression. Psychological Review, 96, 358-372.
2. Achenbach, T. M. (1991 a). Manual for the Child Behavioral Checklist/4-18 and 1991 Profile. Burlington, VT: University of Vermont, Department of Psychiatry.
3. Achenbach, T. M. (1991b). Manual for the Teacher's Report Form and 1991 Profile. Burlington, VT: University of Vermont, Department of Psychiatry.
4. Achenbach, T. M. (1995). Diagnosis, assessment, and comorbidity in psychosocial treatment research. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 23, 45-65.
5. Achenbach, T. M., & Edelbrock, C. S. (1983). Manual for the Child Behavior Checklist and Revised Behavior Profile. Burlington, VT: University of Vermont, Department of Psychiatry.
6. Achenbach, T. M., McConaughy, S. H., & Howell, C. T. (1987). Child/adolescent behavioral and emotional problems: Implications of cross-informant correlations for situational specificity. Psychological Bulletin, 101, 213-232.
7. Asarnow, J. R., Carlson, G. A., & Guthrie, D. (1987). Coping strategies, self-perceptions, hopelessness, and perceived family environments in depressed and suicidal children. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 55, 361-366.
8. Barrera, M. (1986). Distinctions between social support concepts, measures, and models. American Journal of Community Psychology, 14, 413-445.
9. Beck, A. T. (1987). Cognitive models of depression. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy, 1, 5-38.
10. Billings, A. G., Cronkite, R. C., & Moos, R. H. (1983). Social environmental factors in unipolar depression: Comparisons of depressed patients and nondepressed controls. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 92, 119-133.
11. Billings, A. G., & Moos, R. H. (1984). Coping stress, and social resources among adults with unipolar depression. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 46, 877-891.
12. Bowlby, J. (1969). Attachment and loss: Vol. 1. Attachment. New York: Basic Books.
13. Bowlby, J. (1980). Attachment and loss: Vol. 3. Loss: Sadnesspression. New York: Basic Books.
14. Bryant, B. K. (1985). The neighborhood walk: Sources of support in middle childhood (with commentary by Ross D. Parke). Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 80 (3, Serial no. 210).
15. Burbach, D. J., & Borduin, C. M. (1986). Parent-child relations and the etiology of depression: A review of methods and findings. Clinical Psychology Review, 6, 133-153.
16. Cicchetti, D., & Toth, S. L. (1995). Developmental psychopathology and disorders of affect. In D. Cicchetti and D. J. Cohen (Eds.), Developmental psychopathology: Risk, disorder and adaptation (Vol. 2, pp. 369-420). New York: Wiley.
17. Clark, L. A., & Watson, D. (1991a). General affective dispositions and their importance in physical and psychological health. In C. R. Snyder & D. R. Forsyth (Eds.), Handbook of social and clinical psychology: The health perspective (pp. 221-245). New York: Pergamon.
18. Clark, L. A., & Watson, D. (1991 b). Theoretical and empirical issues in differentiating depression from anxiety. In J. Becker & A. Kleinman (Eds.), Psychosocial aspects of mood disorders (pp. 39-65). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
19. Cohen, J., & Cohen, P. (1983). Applied multiple regression/ correlation analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
20. Cohen, S., & Wills, T. A. (1985). Stress, social support, and the buffering hypotheses. Psychological Bulletin, 98, 310-357.
21. Cole, D. A., & Turner, J. E. (1993). Models of cognitive mediation and moderation in child depression. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 102, 271-281.
22. Cole, D. A., & Rehm, L. P. (1986). Family interaction patterns and childhood depression. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 14, 297-314.
23. Conger, J. J., & Petersen, A. C. (1984). Adolescence and youth (3rd ed.). New York: Harper & Row.
24. Cortina, J. M. (1993). Interaction, nonlinearity and multi-collinearity: Implications for multiple regression. Journal of Management, 19, 915-922.
25. Coyne, J. C., & Whiffen, V. E. (1995). Issues in personality as diathesis for depression: The case of sociotropy-dependency and autonomy-self-criticism. Psychological Bulletin, 118, 358-378.
26. Cummings, E. M., & Cicchetti, D. (1990). Toward a transactional model of relations between attachments and depression. In M. T. Greenberg, D. Cicchetti, & E. M. Cummings (Eds.), Attachment in preschool years (pp. 339-372). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
27. Damon, W. (1983). Social and personality development: Infancy through adolescence. New York: Norton.
28. Damon, W., & Hart, D. (1988). Self-understanding in childhood and adolescence. New York: Cambridge University Press.
29. Depue, R., & Monroe, S. (1978). The unipolar-bipolar distinction in the depressive disorders. Psychological Bulletin, 85, 1001-1029.
30. Dixon, J. F., & Ahrens, A. H. (1992). Stress and attributional style as predictors of self-reported depression in children. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 16, 623-634.
31. Dweck, C. S., & Elliot, E. S. (1983). Achievement motivation. In P. H. Mussen & E. M. Heatherington (Eds.), Handbook of child psychology (4th ed., Vol. 4, pp. 643-691). New York: Wiley.
32. Dweck, C. S., & Leggett, E. L. (1988). A social-cognitive approach to motivation and personality. Psychological Review, 95, 256-273.
33. Edelbrock, C. S., Costello, A. J., Dulcan, M. K., Kalas, R., & Conover, N. C. (1985). Age differences in the reliability of the psychiatric interview of the child. Child Development, 56, 265-275.
34. Evans, D. W. (1994). Self-complexity and its relation to development, symptomatology and self-perception during adolescence. Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 24, 173-182.
35. Fincham, F., & Cain, K. (1986). Learned helplessness in humans: A developmental analysis. Developmental Review, 6, 301-333.
36. Fowler, P. C. (1981). Maximum likelihood factor structure of the family environment scale. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 37, 160-164.
37. Fowler, P. C. (1982). Factor structure ofthe family environment scale: Effects of social desirability. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 38, 285-292.
38. Garber, J. (1992). Cognitive models of depression: A developmental perspective. Psychological Inquire, 3, 235-240.
39. Garber, J., & Hilsman, R. (1992). Cognitions, stress and depression in children and adolescents. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 1, 129-167.
40. Garber, J., & Hollon, S. D. (1991). What can specificity designs say about causality in psychopathology research. Psychological Bulletin, 110, 129-136.
41. Garber, J., Weiss, B., & Shanley, N. (1993). Cognitions, depressive symptoms, and develop-ment in adolescents. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 102, 47-57.
42. Grotevant, H. D., & Cooper, C. R. (1985). Patterns of interaction in family relationships and the development of identity exploration in adolescence. Child Development, 56, 415-428.
43. Haaga, D. A., Dyck, M. J., & Ernst, D. (1991). Empirical status of cognitive theory of depression. Psychological Bulletin, 110, 215-236.
44. Haley, G. M. T., Fines, S., Marriage, K., Moretti, M. M., & Freeman, R. J. (1985). Cognitive bias and depression in psychiatrically disturbed children and adolescents. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 53, 535-537.
45. Hammen, C. (1991). Depression runs in families: The social context or risk and resilience in children of depressed mothers. New York: Springer-Verlag.
46. Hammen, C., Adrian, C., & Hiroto, D. (1988). A longitudinal test of the attributional vulnerability model in children at risk for depression. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 27, 37-46.
47. Harter, S. (1983). Developmental perspectives on the self system. In P. H. Mussen (Ed.), Handbook in child psychology: Socialization, personality, and social development (Vol. 4, pp. 275-385). New York: Wiley.
48. Hilsman, R., & Garber, J. (1995). A test of the cognitive diathesis-stress model of depression in children: Academic stressors, attributional style, perceived competence, and control. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69, 370-380.
49. Kaplan, S. L., Simms, R. M., & Busner, J. (1994). Prescribing practices of outpatient child psychiatrists. Journal of the Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 33, 35-44.
50. Kazdin, A. E. (1981). Adolescent techniques for childhood depression: A critical appraisal. Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry, 20, 358-375.
51. Kazdin, A. E. (1987). Children's depression scale: Validation with child psychiatric inpatients. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 28, 29-41.
52. Kazdin, A. E. (1989). Identifying depression in children: A comparison of alternative selection criteria. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 17, 437-454.
53. Kleinberg, S. L. (1967). Changes in the outlook of the future between childhood and adolescence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 7, 185-193.
54. Kovacs, M., & Beck, A. T. (1977). An empirical clinical approach toward a definition of childhood depression. In J. G. Schulter-Brandt & A. Raskin (Eds.), Depression in childhood: Diagnosis, treatment, and conceptual models (pp. 1-25). New York: Raven Press.
55. Kronenberger, W., & Thompson, R. J. (1990). Dimensions of family functioning in families with chronically ill children: A higher order factor analysis of the family environment scale. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 19, 380-388.
56. Lang, M., & Tisher, M. (1978). Children's Depression Scale. Victoria, Australia: Australia Council for Educational Research.
57. Larson, R., & Richards, M. H. (1991). Daily companionship in late childhood and early adolescence: Changing developmental contexts. Child Development, 62, 284-300.
58. Leaf, P. J., Weissman, M. M., Myers, J. K., Tischler, G. L., & Holzer, C. E. (1984). Social factors related to psychiatric disorder: Yale Epidemiologic Catchment Area Study. Social Psychiatry, 19, 53-61.
59. Leitenberg, H., Yost, L. W., & Carroll-Wilson, M. (1986). Negative cognitive errors in children: Questionnaire development, normative data, and comparisons between children with and without self-reported symptoms of depression, low self-esteem, and evaluation anxiety. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 54, 528-536.
60. Linville, P. W. (1985). Self-complexity and affective extremity: Don't put all of your eggs in one cognitive basket. Social Cognition, 3, 94-120.
61. Linville, P. W. (1987). Self-complexity as a cognitive buffer against stress-related illness and depression. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52, 663-676.
62. Marsh, H. W. (1989). Age and sex effects in multiple dimensions of self-concept: Preadolescence to early adulthood. Journal of Educational Psychology, 81, 417-430.
63. McCauley, E., & Myers, K. (1992). Family interactions in mood-disordered youth. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 1, 111-127.
64. McCracken, J. T. (1992). The epidemiology of child and adolescent mood disorders. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 1, 53-72.
65. Miller, A. (1985). A developmental study of the cognitive basis of performance impairment after failure. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 49, 529-538.
66. Monroe, S. M., & Simons, A. D. (1991). Diathesis-stress theories in the context of life stress research: Implications for the depressive disorders. Psychological Bulletin, 110, 406-425.
67. Monroe, S. M., & Steiner, S. C. (1986). Social support and psychopathology: Interrelations with pre-existing disorder, stress, and personality. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 148, 53-62.
68. Moos, R. H. (1990). Conceptual and empirical approaches to developing family-based assessment procedures: Resolving the case of the family environment scale. Family Process, 29, 199-208.
69. Moos, R. H., & Moos, B. S. (1981). Family Environment Scale manual. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.
70. Nicholls, J. G. (1978). The development of the concepts of effort and ability, perception of academic attainment, and the understanding that difficult tasks require more ability. Child Development, 49, 800-814.
71. Nicholls, J. G., & Miller, A. T. (1984). Reasoning about the ability of self and others: A developmental study. Child Development, 55, 1990-1999.
72. Nolen-Hoeksema, S., Girgus, J. S., & Seligman, M. E. P. (1986). Learned helplessness in children: A longitudinal study of depression, achievement, and explanatory style. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 435-442.
73. Nolen-Hoeksema, S., Girgus, J. S., & Seligman, M. E. P. (1992). Predictors and consequences of childhood depressive symptoms: A 5-year longitudinal study. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 101, 405-422.
74. Nurcombe, B., Seifer, R., Scioli, A., Tramontana, M. G., Grapentine, W. L., & Beauchesne, H. C. (1989). Is major depressive disorder in adolescence a district diagnostic entity? Journal of Clinical Psychology, 44, 723-727.
75. Nurmi, J. E. (1991). How do adolescents see their future? A review of the development of future orientation and planning. Developmental Review, 11, 1-59.
76. O'Donnell, L., & Steuve, A. (1983). Mothers as social agents: Structuring the community activities of school aged children. In H. Lapata & J. H. Pleck (Eds.), Research in the interweave of social roles: Jobs and families (Vol. 3, pp. 1-111). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
77. Oliver, J. M., May, M. J., & Handal, P. J. (1988). The factor structure of the Family Environment Scale: Factors derived from subscales. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 44, 723-727.
78. Ollendick, T. H., & King, N. J. (1994). Diagnosis, assessment, and treatment of internalizing problems in children: The role of longitudinal data. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 62, 918-927.
79. Ostrander, R., Nay, W. R., Anderson, D., & Jensen, J. (1996). Developmental and symptom specificity of hopelessness, cognitive errors, and attributional bias among clinic-referred youth. Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 26, 97-112.
80. Pottick, K., Hansell, S., Gutterman, E., & White, H. R. (1995). Factors associated with inpatient and outpatient treatment for children and adolescents with serious mental illness. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 34, 425-433.
81. Puig-Antich, J., Kaufman, J., Ryan, N. D., Williamson, D. E., Dahl, R. E., Lukens, E., Todak, G., Ambrosini, P., Rabinovich, H., & Nelson, B. (1993). The psychosocial functioning and family environment of depressed adolescents. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 32, 244-253.
82. Puig-Antich, J., Lukens, E., Davies, M., Goetz, D., Brennan-Quattrock, J., & Todak, G. (1985). Psychosocial functioning in prepubertal major depressive disorders: Interpersonal relationships during the depressive episode. Archives of General Psychiatry, 42, 500-507.
83. Rey, J. M., & Morris-Yates, A. (1991). Adolescent depression and the Child Behavior Checklist. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 30, 423-427.
84. Reynolds, C. R., & Richmond, B. O. (1985). Revised Child Manifest Anxiety Scale (RCMAS). Los Angeles: Western Psychological Services.
85. Reynolds, W. M., Anderson, G., & Burtell, N. (1985). Measuring depression in children: A multimethod assessment investigation. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 13, 513-526.
86. Rholes, W. S., Blackwell, J., Jordan, C., & Walters C. (1980). A developmental study of learned helplessness. Developmental Psychology, 16, 616-624.
87. Robins, C. J., & Hinkley, K. (1989). Social-cognitive processing and depressive symptoms in children: A comparison of measures. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 17, 29-36.
88. Robinson, N. S., & Garber, J. (1995). Social support and psychopathology across the life span. In D. Cicchetti and D. J. Cohen (Eds.), Developmental psychopathology: Risk, disorder and adaptation (Vol. 2, pp. 162-209). New York: Wiley.
89. Ruble, D. N., Parsons, J. E., & Ross, J. (1976). Self-evaluative responses of children in an achievement setting. Child Development, 47, 990-997.
90. Schaefer, C., Coyne, J. C., & Lazarus, R. S. (1981). The health-related functions of social support. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 4, 381-406.
91. Segal, Z. V. (1988). Appraisal of the self-schema construct in cognitive models of depression. Psychological Bulletin, 103, 147-162.
92. Showers, C. (1992). Compartmentalization of positive and negative self-knowledge: Keeping bad apples out of the bunch. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 62, 1036-1049.
93. Sroufe, L. A., & Fleeson, J. (1988). The coherence of family relationships. In R. A. Hinde & J. Stevenson-Hinde (Eds.), Relationships within families: Mutual influences (pp. 27-47). Oxford: Clarendon.
94. Stark, K., Humphrey, L. L., Cook, K., & Lewis, K. (1990). Perceived family environments of depressed and anxious children: Child's and maternal figures. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 18, 527-547.
95. Stark, K. D., Napolitano, S., Swearer, S., & Schmidt, K. (1996). Issues in the treatment of depressed children. Applied and Preventative Psychology, 5, 59-83.
96. Stark, K. D., Rouse, L., & Livingston, R. (1991). Treatment of depression during childhood and adolescents: Cognitive-behavioral procedures for the individual and family. In P. C. Kendall (Ed.), Child and adolescent therapy: Cognitive-behavioral procedures (pp. 165-208). New York: Guilford.
97. Stark, K. D., Schmidt, K. L., & Joiner, T. E. (1996). Cognitive triad: Relationship to depressive symptoms, parents cognitive triad, and perceived parental messages. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 24, 615-631.
98. Steinberg, L. D., & Silverberg, S. B. (1986). The vicissitudes of autonomy in early adolescence. Child Development, 57, 841-851.
99. Thoits, P. A. (1982). Conceptual, methodological, and theoretical problems in studying social support as a buffer against life stress. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 23, 145-159.
100. Turner, J. E., & Cole, D. A. (1994). Developmental differences in cognitive diathesis for child depression. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 22, 15-32.
101. Weiss, R. S. (1974). The provisions of social relationships. Doing unto others (pp. 17-26). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
102. Weisz, J. R., Rudolph, K. D., Granger, D. A., & Sweeney, L. (1992). Cognition, competence, and coping in child and adolescent depression: Research findings, developmental concerns, therapeutic implications. Development and Psychopathology, 4, 627-653.
103. Werner, E. E., & Smith, R. S. (1982). Vulnerable but invincible: A longitudinal study of resilient children and youth. New York: McGraw-Hill.
104. Werner, H. (1948). The comparative psychology of mental development. New York: Follett.
105. Werner, H. (1957). The concept of development from a comparative and organismic point of view. In B. Harris (Ed.), The concept of development. An issue in the study of human behavior (pp. 125-148). Minneapolis: The University of Minnesota Press.
106. Wozniak, J., Biederman, J., Kiely, K., Ablon, J. S., Faraone, S. V., Mundy, E., & Mennin, D. (1995). Mania-like symptoms suggestive of childhood-onset bipolar disorder in clinically referred children. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 34, 867-876.
107. Zigler, E., & Glick, M. (1986). A developmental approach to adult psychopathology. New York: Wiley.