We'll never turn back: Adult education and the struggle for citizenship in mississippi's freedom summer

American Educational Research Journal

Volumn 35, Issue 2, 1998, Pages 167-198

  Rachal, John R ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN MISSISSIPPI   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0032391154     PISSN: 00028312     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3102/00028312035002167     Document Type: Article

References (119)

1. Academic curriculum. (c. 1964). SNCC Papers, 20, 159-160.
2. Affidavits Philadelphia-Neshoba County. (1965). SNCC Papers, 39, 756.
3. Atwater, J. (1964, July 25). If we can crack Mississippi. Saturday Evening Post, pp. 15-19.
4. Autopsy shows 3 CR workers shot to death. (1964, August 5). Greenwood Commonwealth, p. 1.
5. Baker, E. (1960, April 14). Letter to Septima Clark. SCLC Papers, 154, 2.
6. Barber, R. (1995). Interview with author. Hattiesburg: University of Southern Mississippi, Center for Oral History and Cultural Heritage.
7. Barnhill, R. (1995). Interview with author. Hattiesburg: University of Southern Mississippi, Center for Oral History and Cultural Heritage.
8. Belfrage, S. (1965). Freedom Summer. New York: Viking Press.
9. Boorstin, D. J. (1987). Hidden history. New York: Harper & Row.
10. Brooks, V. (1965). Freedom schools [Booklet]. SNCC Papers, 20, 62-87.
11. Burner, E. R. (1994). And gently he shall lead them: Robert Parris Moses and civil rights in Mississippi. New York: New York University Press.
12. Chaney, B. (1995). Interview with author (Tape and transcript in possession of author).
13. Civil Rights Education Project. (n.d.). Free at last: A history of the Civil Rights Movement and those who died in the struggle. Montgomery, AL: Southern Poverty Law Center.
14. Clark, S. (1960, March 24). Letter to Ella Baker. SCLC Papers, 154, 2.
15. Clark, S. (1963a, May 8). Letter to Mary Struck. SCLC Papers, 154, 5.
16. Clark, S. (1963b, October 23). Letter to Carl Tjerandsen. SCLC Papers, 153, 9.
17. Clark, S. (1964, July 12). Letter to Andrew Young. SCLC Papers, 154, 6.
18. Clark, S. (1976a). Interview with Jacqueline Hall (Southern Historical Collection, Wilson Library). University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
19. Clark, S. (1976b). Interview with Eugene Walker (Southern Historical Collection, Wilson Library). University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
20. Clarksdale weekly report, June 29-July 5. (1964). SNCC Papers, 39, 487.
21. Class programming. (n.d.). SCLC Papers, 155, 15.
22. Clemson, B. (1995). Interview with author. Hattiesburg: University of Southern Mississippi, Center for Oral History and Cultural Heritage.
23. Cobb, C. (n.d.). Some notes on education. SNCC Papers, 40, 328.
24. Cobb, C. (1963). Prospectus for the Mississippi Freedom Summer. Johnson Papers, 141, 11.
25. Cobb, C. (1983). Interview with Tom Dent (Tom Dent Collection). New Orleans: Tulane University, Amistad Research Center.
26. Cobb, C. (1996). Interview with author. Hattiesburg: University of Southern Mississippi, Center for Oral History and Cultural Heritage.
27. COFO will remain throughout winter. (1964, August 20). Delta Democrat Times, p. 1.
28. COFO's proposed community centers. (c. 1964). SNCC Papers, 64, 875-881.
29. Community center report. (n.d.). SNCC Papers, 38, 101-103.
30. Confusion. (1964, February 21). Hattiesburg American, p. 4.
31. Cotton, D. (1961). Letter to A. W. West. SCLC Papers, 153, 1.
32. Cotton, D. (1963). Citizenship School Report. SCLC Papers, 153, 19.
33. Council of Federated Organizations. (1964). Lowenstein Papers, 32, 369.
34. Dennis, D. (1963, October 19). Letter to Jim McCain. CORE Papers, 86, 392.
35. Dittmer, J. (1994). Local people: The struggle for civil rights in Mississippi. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
36. Egerton, J. (1995). Speak now against the day: The generation before the civil rights movement in the south. New York: Knopf.
37. Elias, J. L., & Merriam, S. B. (1995). Philosophical foundations of adult education (2nd ed.). Malabar, FL: Krieger.
38. Fact sheet. (1964). SNCC Papers, 39, 524.
39. FBI agent thinks of killers. (1964, August 6). Delta Democrat Times, p. 1.
40. First students head south for Mississippi. (1964, June 19). Laurel Leader Call, p. 7.
41. Freire, P. (1967). Educacao como pratica da liberdade [Education as practice of liberation]. Rio de Janeiro: Editora Paz e Terra.
42. Freire, P. (1970). Pedagogy of the oppressed (M. B. Ramos, Trans.). New York: Seabury Press.
43. Freire, P. (1973). Education for critical consciousness, Parts 1-2 (M. B. Ramos, L. Bigwood, & M. Marshall, Trans.). New York: Seabury Press.
44. Fusco, L. (1964a). Freedom Schools in Mississippi - 1964. SNCC Papers, 39, 5-8.
45. Fusco, L. (1964b, January 13). Letter to Mike Miller. SNCC Papers, 20, 17.
46. Gates, G. W. (c. 1963). Statement. SCLC Papers, 155, 24.
47. Gray, V. (now Adams). (1995). Interview with author. Hattiesburg, MS: University of Southern History, Center for Oral History and Cultural Heritage.
48. Guyot, L. (1996). Interview with author. Hattiesburg: University of Southern Mississippi, Center for Oral History and Cultural Heritage.
49. Hamer, F. L. (1966). Interview with Anne Romaine (Anne Romaine Collection). Jackson: Mississippi Department of Archives and History.
50. Handbook for political programs. (1964). SNCC Papers, 38, 511-515.
51. Handke, J. (1996). Interview with author. Hattiesburg: University of Southern Mississippi, Center for Oral History and Cultural Heritage.
52. Hattiesburg [first word]. (c. 1964). SNCC Papers, 39, 495.
53. Holt, L. (1965). The summer that didn't end. New York: Morrow.
54. Horton, M. (1961). Letter to Bernice Robinson. SCLC Papers, 154, 3.
55. Horton, M., & Freire, P. (1990). We make the road by walking: Conversations on education and social change (B. Bell, J. Gaventa, & J. Peters, eds.). Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
56. Hudson, W. (1995). Interview with author. Hattiesburg: University of Southern Mississippi, Center for Oral History and Cultural Heritage.
57. Johnson, J. (1979). Interview with Tom Dent (Tom Dent Collection). New Orleans: Tulane University, Amistad Research Center.
58. Laws of the State of Mississippi[:] Appropriations[,] general legislative and concurrent resolutions. (1955). Chapter 104, Senate Bill No. 1216, pp. 212-213.
59. Lindeman. E. C. (1926). The meaning of adult education. New York: New Republic.
60. Lindeman, E. C. (1956). The democratic man: The selected writings of Eduard C. Lindeman (R. Gessner, ed.). Boston: Beacon Press. (Original work published 1945)
61. Little COFO work at Demo precincts. (1964, June 16). Delta Democrat Times, pp. 1-2.
62. Long cool summer, The. (1964, September 2). Delta Democrat Times, p. 4.
63. Lowenstein, A. (c. 1964). Roadmap to community. Lowenstein Papers, 32, 346.
64. Lowenstein, A. (1967). Interview with Anne Romaine (Anne Romaine Collection). Jackson: Mississippi Department of Archives and History.
65. McAdam, D. (1988). Freedom Summer. New York: Oxford University Press.
66. Meddling. (1964, February 13). Hattiesburg American, p. 6.
67. Mercury soars above 100 degrees in Meridian. (1964, June 21). Meridian Star, p. 1.
68. Mezirow, J. (1994). Understanding transformation theory. Adult Education Quarterly, 44, 222-231.
69. Mills, N. (1992). Like a holy crusade: Mississippi 1964 - The turning of the Civil Rights Movement in America. Chicago: Ivan R. Dee.
70. Mississippi Freedom Schools. (1964). SNCC Papers, 39, 88-93.
71. Mississippi Freedom Schools: New Houses of Liberty. (1964). SNCC Papers, 39, 93-96.
72. Mississippi Freedom Summer [Brochure]. (1964). CORE Papers, 86, 370.
73. Mississippi legislature 1964, The. (1964). SNCC Papers, 39, 368-394.
74. Mississippi summer project one year later. (c. 1965). SNCC Papers, 39, 492-493.
75. Mississippi summer project running summary of incidents. (1964). SNCC Papers, 39, 319-332.
76. More students on way south. (1964, June 25). Enterprise Journal, p. 16.
77. Morris, J. (1979). Interview with Tom Dent (Tom Dent Collection). New Orleans: Tulane University, Amistad Research Center.
78. Morse, J. (1964, November 6). Letter to family. SNCC Papers, 39, 360-361.
79. Moses, R. P. (c. 1967). Interview with Anne Romaine (Anne Romaine Collection). Jackson: Mississippi Department of Archives and History.
80. National Center for Education Statistics. (1997). Statistics in brief: Participation in basic skills education 1994-1995 (NCES 97-325). Washington: U.S. Department of Education.
81. Notes on teaching in Mississippi. (c. 1964). SNCC Papers, 39, 70-73.
82. On taking sides. (1964, July 2). Hattiesburg American, p. 2.
83. Orris, P. (1995). Interview with author. Hattiesburg: University of Southern Mississippi, Center for Oral History and Cultural Heritage.
84. Outline for COFO programs - 1964. (1963). SNCC Papers, 64, 1222.
85. Outlook for COFO educational programs. (1964). SNCC Papers, 64, 93.
86. Overview of the community centers. (1964). SNCC Papers, 39, 30.
87. Panola projecl report. (1964). SNCC Papers, 40, 322-323.
88. Payne, C. M. (1995). I've got the light of freedom: The organizing tradition and the Mississippi freedom struggle. Berkeley: University of California Press.
89. Ponder, A. (1963). Citizenship education in the "heart of the iceberg." SCLC Papers, 155, 34.
90. Ponder, A. (c. 1963). Annell Ponder describing events in Winona, Mississippi. SNCC Papers, 40, 454-457.
91. President sends Allen Dulles to Mississippi. (1964, June 24). Enterprise Journal, p. 1.
92. Progress and problems of the COFO community centers. (1964). SNCC Papers, 39, 907-908.
93. Proposal for a freedom education program. (c. 1964). SNCC Papers, 64, 106.
94. Rachal, J. R. (1986). Gideonites and freedmen: Adult literacy education at Port Royal, 1862-1865. Journal of Negro Education, 55, 453-469.
95. Refinement by fire. (c. 1964). SCLC Papers, 153, 17.
96. Report of a sub-group of the Leadership Development and Current Issues Committee at the Mississippi Summer Project Curriculum Conference. (1964). SNCC Papers, 39, 452-453.
97. Report of harassment and intimidation. (1964). SCLC Papers, 155, 24.
98. Report to the staff on Greenwood Community Center. (1964). SNCC Papers, 38, 1105-1106.
99. "Righter" tells why he went home. (1964, June 26). Enterprise Journal, p. 6.
100. Rubin, L. (1995). Interview with author. Hattiesburg: University of Southern Mississippi, Center for Oral History and Cultural Heritage.
101. Running summary of incidents during the Freedom Vote Campaign, October 8-November 2, 1964. (1964). SNCC Papers, 39, 885-889.
102. Schwerner, M. (1964). Report from Meridian, Mississippi. CORE Papers, 86, 392.
103. Search teams plunge into Neshoba swamp. (1964, June 24). Greenwood Commonwealth, p. 1.
104. Second wave of summer volunteers head south. (1964, June 27). Greenwood Commonwealth, p. 1.
105. Seventy-seven civil rights workers held. (1964, August 5). Greenwood Commonwealth, p. 7.
106. Shoemaker, W. C. (1964, June 24). Patrol probers draw blank; door-to-door hunt pushed. Jackson Daily News, p. 1.
107. Silver, J. W. (1984). Running scared: Silver in Mississippi. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi.
108. SNCC educational program. (c. 1964). SNCC Papers, 35, 10.
109. Summer project - involving Negro college students. (1964). SNCC Papers, 35, 512.
110. Summer project workers arrested in Cleveland, Miss. (1964, August 15). Jackson Advocate, p. 2.
111. Summer project workers to leave Mississippi August 24th. (1964, August 15). Jackson Advocate, p. 2.
112. Sutherland, E. (1965). Letters from Mississippi. New York: McGraw-Hill.
113. Techniques for field work. (n.d.). SNCC Papers, 40, 433-434.
114. Training leaders for Citizenship Schools: Outline of training workshop. (n.d.). SCLC Papers, 155, 17.
115. United States v. Price et al. (1965). U.S. Reporter, vol. 383, pp. 787-820.
116. Watkins, H. (1996). Interview with author. Hattiesburg: University of Southern Mississippi, Center for Oral History and Cultural Heritage.
117. Winyard, F. (1995). Interview with author. Hattiesburg: University of Southern Mississippi, Center for Oral History and Cultural Heritage.
118. Young, A. (1964, July 20). Letter to Septima Clark. SCLC Papers, 154, 6.
119. Zeman, Z. (1996). Interview with author. Hattiesburg: University of Southern Mississippi, Center for Oral History and Cultural Heritage.