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Volumn 58, Issue 6, 1998, Pages 4841-4853

Generic model of an atom laser

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ATOMS; DEGREES OF FREEDOM (MECHANICS); LASER THEORY; MATHEMATICAL MODELS; MAXWELL EQUATIONS; NUMERICAL METHODS; OPTICAL RESONATORS; OPTICALLY PUMPED LASERS; OSCILLATIONS; POLARIZATION; SYSTEM STABILITY;

EID: 0032388274     PISSN: 10502947     EISSN: 10941622     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevA.58.4841     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (93)

References (81)
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    • For a theoretical review of the theoretical approaches towards Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute atomic vapors, see Refs
    • For a theoretical review of the theoretical approaches towards Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute atomic vapors, see Refs. 6566.
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    • Due to the dipole-dipole interaction of the atoms, it is sometimes more convenient to use the solutions of the time-independent Gross-Pitaevskii equation instead of the mode functions of the empty resonator
    • Due to the dipole-dipole interaction of the atoms, it is sometimes more convenient to use the solutions of the time-independent Gross-Pitaevskii equation instead of the mode functions of the empty resonator.
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    • (1964) Phys. Rev. , vol.134A , pp. 1429
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    • L. P. Pitaevskii, Zh. Eksp. Theor. Fiz. 40, 646 (1961) [Sov. Phys. JETP 13, 451 (1961)].SPHJAR
    • (1961) Sov. Phys. JETP , vol.13 , pp. 451
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  • 52
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    • One possible pump mechanism relies on the transition of untrapped excited two-level atoms to their trapped ground state by spontaneous emission. See, for example, the discussion of Refs
    • One possible pump mechanism relies on the transition of untrapped excited two-level atoms to their trapped ground state by spontaneous emission. See, for example, the discussion of Refs. 1920.
  • 53
    • 85037233961 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • For a theoretical review of the treatment of collective excitations, see Refs
    • For a theoretical review of the treatment of collective excitations, see Refs. 6566.
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    • We are aware of the fact that the number of atoms is discrete. However, similar to the semiclassical theory of the optical laser where the field intensity is continuous, the definition of (Formula presented) [Eq. (2)] allows any positive value for the number of atoms
    • We are aware of the fact that the number of atoms is discrete. However, similar to the semiclassical theory of the optical laser where the field intensity is continuous, the definition of (Formula presented) [Eq. (2)] allows any positive value for the number of atoms.
  • 59
    • 85037182306 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Note that these moments are not the quantum-mechanical expectation values (Formula presented) and (Formula presented) of the position operator (Formula presented). The quantities (Formula presented) and (Formula presented) do not need the normalization introduced in Eqs. (19) and (20). Moreover (Formula presented) involves the operator (Formula presented) in a quartic way
    • Note that these moments are not the quantum-mechanical expectation values (Formula presented) and (Formula presented) of the position operator (Formula presented). The quantities (Formula presented) and (Formula presented) do not need the normalization introduced in Eqs. (19) and (20). Moreover (Formula presented) involves the operator (Formula presented) in a quartic way.
  • 60
    • 85037236810 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • For a three-dimensional anisotropic trap, these oscillations can collapse and revive again due to mode beating. See, for example, Refs
    • For a three-dimensional anisotropic trap, these oscillations can collapse and revive again due to mode beating. See, for example, Refs. 67686970.
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    • It has been shown that collective excitations of a condensate can be damped due to several mechanisms
    • It has been shown that collective excitations of a condensate can be damped due to several mechanisms 7172737475.
  • 68
    • 85037255495 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The fact that the ground-state solution survives is because of the loss shape. For example, a loss shape which is located at the center preferably damps away the ground-state solution. Therefore, an excited state survives the mode competition
    • The fact that the ground-state solution survives is because of the loss shape. For example, a loss shape which is located at the center preferably damps away the ground-state solution. Therefore, an excited state survives the mode competition.
  • 69
    • 85037224800 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • T. Pfau and J. Mlynek, in Ultracold Atoms and Bose-Einstein Condensation, edited by K. Burnett, OSA Trends in Optics and Photonics Series Vol. 7 (EQEC, Hamburg, Germany, 1996), p. 33
    • T. Pfau and J. Mlynek, in Ultracold Atoms and Bose-Einstein Condensation, edited by K. Burnett, OSA Trends in Optics and Photonics Series Vol. 7 (EQEC, Hamburg, Germany, 1996), p. 33.


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.