Understanding IR: Understanding Gramsci

Review of International Studies

Volumn 24, Issue 3, 1998, Pages 417-425

  Murphy, Craig N ^a  

^a NONE

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[No Author keywords available]

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EID: 0032372702     PISSN: 02602105     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0260210598004173     Document Type: Article

References (45)

1. Review of International Studies, 24:1 (1998), pp. 3-21.
2. Ibid., p. 4.
3. Richard Falk, 'The Critical Realist Tradition and the Demystification of Interstate Power: E. H. Carr, Hedley Bull, and Robert W. Cox', in Stephen Gill and James H. Mittelman (eds.), Innovation and Transformation in International Studies (Cambridge, 1997), p. 45.
4. Christopher Chase-Dunn, 'The Effects of International Economic Dependence on Development and Inequality: A Cross-national Study'. American Sociological Review. 40:4 (1975), pp. 720-38; and 'Core-Periphery Relations: The Effects of Core Competition', in Barbara H. Kaplan (ed.), Social Change in the Capitalist World Economy (Beverly Hills, CA, 1978), pp. 154-76.
5. Christopher Chase-Dunn, 'The Effects of International Economic Dependence on Development and Inequality: A Cross-national Study'. American Sociological Review. 40:4 (1975), pp. 720-38; and 'Core-Periphery Relations: The Effects of Core Competition', in Barbara H. Kaplan (ed.), Social Change in the Capitalist World Economy (Beverly Hills, CA, 1978), pp. 154-76.
6. Nazli Choucri and Robert C. North, Nations in Conflict: National Growth and International Violence (San Francisco, 1975).
7. The structuralists are well summarized in J. G. Palma, 'Structuralism', in John Eastwell, Murray Milgate, and Peter Newman (eds.), The New Palgrave: Economic Development (New York, 1989), pp. 316-22.
8. See Edward E. Azar and Thomas N. Havener, 'Discontinuities in the Symbolic Environment: A Problem in Scaling Events', International Interactions, 2:2 (1976), pp. 231-46.
9. See Hayward R. Alker, Jr, 'Beneath Tit-for-Tat: The Conflict of Political Economy Fairy Tales within SPD Protocols', in Rediscoveries and Reformulations: Humanistic Methodologies for International Studies (Cambridge, 1996), pp. 303-31.
10. Herbert G. Reid and Ernest Yanarella, 'Toward a Critical Theory of Peace Research in the United States: The Search for an "Intelligible Core"', Journal of Peace Research, 13:4 (1975), pp. 315-41.
11. Contrast Partha Chatterjee, Arms, Alliances, and Stability: The Development of the Structure of International Politics (New York, 1975) with Nationalist Thought and the Colonial World: A Derivative Discourse? (London, 1986).
12. See, e.g., Daniela Rossini, La rivoluzione informatica: elementi per un nuovo progetto sociale europeo (Milan, 1987); Daniela Rossini (ed.), From Theodore Roosevelt to FDR: Internationalism and Isolationism in American Foreign Policy (Keele, 1995); and Gian Giacomo Migone, Gli Slati Uniti e il fascismo: alle origini dell'egemonia americana in Italia (Milan, 1980).
13. See, e.g., Daniela Rossini, La rivoluzione informatica: elementi per un nuovo progetto sociale europeo (Milan, 1987); Daniela Rossini (ed.), From Theodore Roosevelt to FDR: Internationalism and Isolationism in American Foreign Policy (Keele, 1995); and Gian Giacomo Migone, Gli Slati Uniti e il fascismo: alle origini dell'egemonia americana in Italia (Milan, 1980).
14. Germain and Kenny, 'Engaging Gramsci', p. 9.
15. See, e.g., Enzo Caputo and Roberta Rabelloti, 'The Instructive Parenthesis of Structural Adjustment and the Relaunch of Research cum Action on Strategies and Development Policies in Sub-Saharan Africa', in Enzo Caputo (ed.), Which Cooperation with Africa? (Rome, 1989), pp. 35-77.
16. The central focus of Alker, Rediscoveries and Reformulations.
17. See, e.g., Edward E. Azar and Steve Cohen, 'Peace as Crisis, War as Status Quo', International Interactions, 6:2 (1980), pp. 159-84.
18. See, e.g., Belgin Tekçe, Linda Oldham, and Frederic Shorter, A Place to Live: Families and Child Health in a Cairo Neighborhood (Cairo, 1994).
19. Germain and Kenny, 'Engaging Gramsci', p. 15.
20. See, e.g., Antonio Gramsci, Prison Notebooks, ed. Joseph A. Buttigieg, tr. Joseph A. Buttigieg and Antonio Callaria (New York, 1992-), notebook 1, notes 19, 44, 45, 130, 138.
21. See ibid., note 47. Sue Golding, Gramsci's Democratic Theory: Contributions to a Post-liberal Democracy (Toronto, 1992), pp. 84-131. Gramsci was, of course, critical of the idea advanced by Tocqueville that the spontaneous free associations of the 'middle classes' either assured social progress or were a model for the political strategy of more progressive social forces. See Robert W. Cox, 'Gramsci's Thought and the Question of Civil Society in the Late Twentieth Century', paper presented at the Conference on Gramsci, Modernity, and the Twentieth Century, Cagliari, April 1997.
22. See ibid., note 47. Sue Golding, Gramsci's Democratic Theory: Contributions to a Post-liberal Democracy (Toronto, 1992), pp. 84-131. Gramsci was, of course, critical of the idea advanced by Tocqueville that the spontaneous free associations of the 'middle classes' either assured social progress or were a model for the political strategy of more progressive social forces. See Robert W. Cox, 'Gramsci's Thought and the Question of Civil Society in the Late Twentieth Century', paper presented at the Conference on Gramsci, Modernity, and the Twentieth Century, Cagliari, April 1997.
23. See ibid., note 47. Sue Golding, Gramsci's Democratic Theory: Contributions to a Post-liberal Democracy (Toronto, 1992), pp. 84-131. Gramsci was, of course, critical of the idea advanced by Tocqueville that the spontaneous free associations of the 'middle classes' either assured social progress or were a model for the political strategy of more progressive social forces. See Robert W. Cox, 'Gramsci's Thought and the Question of Civil Society in the Late Twentieth Century', paper presented at the Conference on Gramsci, Modernity, and the Twentieth Century, Cagliari, April 1997.
24. Gramsci, Prison Notebooks, notebook 1, note 130.
25. Reid and Yanrella, 'Toward a Critical Theory', p. 325. Interestingly, contrary to Germain and Kenny's expectation that the immediate Facist context of Gramsci's conceptual innovation would make IR Gramscians somewhat blind to the specific legal/liberal-democratic ways in which supremacy is secured within civil society, this seminal Gramscian contribution to IR continues, 'These reside not only in the force and agencies of violence of the "topdogs", but also in the element of subservience or consent stemming from the hegemonic influence of Lockean-liberalism vis-a-vis society's "underdogs"'. Although there is no doubt a great deal of parochialism to the American 'critical legal studies' movement, it has provided an ongoing, critical updating of Gramsci's understanding of the sources of consent as developed through the institutions of law in pluralistic societies. This work often serves as an unacknowledged backgroud to some arguments made by American IR Gramscians. Susan Silbey '"Let Them Eat Cake": Globalization, Postmodern Colonialism, and the Possibilities of Justice', Law and Society Review, 31:2 (1997), pp. 207-35, shows how directly relevant the most recent developments in this tradition have become to the questions raised by Germain and Kenny.
26. Reid and Yanrella, 'Toward a Critical Theory', p. 325. Interestingly, contrary to Germain and Kenny's expectation that the immediate Facist context of Gramsci's conceptual innovation would make IR Gramscians somewhat blind to the specific legal/liberal-democratic ways in which supremacy is secured within civil society, this seminal Gramscian contribution to IR continues, 'These reside not only in the force and agencies of violence of the "topdogs", but also in the element of subservience or consent stemming from the hegemonic influence of Lockean-liberalism vis-a-vis society's "underdogs"'. Although there is no doubt a great deal of parochialism to the American 'critical legal studies' movement, it has provided an ongoing, critical updating of Gramsci's understanding of the sources of consent as developed through the institutions of law in pluralistic societies. This work often serves as an unacknowledged backgroud to some arguments made by American IR Gramscians. Susan Silbey '"Let Them Eat Cake": Globalization, Postmodern Colonialism, and the Possibilities of Justice', Law and Society Review, 31:2 (1997), pp. 207-35, shows how directly relevant the most recent developments in this tradition have become to the questions raised by Germain and Kenny.
27. Daniela Rossini, personal communication. Gramsci, Prison Notebooks, notebook 1, note 61.
28. Daniela Rossini, personal communication. Gramsci, Prison Notebooks, notebook 1, note 61.
29. Gramsci, Prison Notebooks, notebook Miscellaneous 1, note 125. See also notebook Miscellaneous 1, note 12 on the implications of issues of scale and scope in the shipping industry.
30. Ibid., note 40.
31. Ibid., notes 16, 120.
32. Ibid., notes 37, 46, 135; notebook 3, notes 26, 27; notebook 5, notes 2, 17, 61.
33. Consider Robert W. Cox, 'Global Perestroika', in Robert W. Cox, Approaches to World Order (Cambridge, 1996), pp. 296-331, and Craig N. Murphy, 'Globalisation in Comparative Historical Perspective', in Roland Axtmann (ed.), Globalisation in Europe (London, 1997).
34. Consider Robert W. Cox, 'Global Perestroika', in Robert W. Cox, Approaches to World Order (Cambridge, 1996), pp. 296-331, and Craig N. Murphy, 'Globalisation in Comparative Historical Perspective', in Roland Axtmann (ed.), Globalisation in Europe (London, 1997).
35. Cox's careful region-by-region analysis of the progressive and non-progressive aspects of various institutions of civil society in different parts of the world is a model of the sort of work that is needed to determine which sites hold the most promise and why. See Robert W. Cox, 'Gramsci's Thought and the Question of Civil Society in the Late Twentieth Century', in Cox, Approaches.
36. Stephen Gill, 'Globalisation, Market Civilisation, and Disciplinary Liberalism', Millennium, 24:4 (1995), pp. 399-423. Kees van der Piji, 'Transnational Class Formation', in Gill and Mittelman (eds.), Innovation, pp. 118-33. Craig N. Murphy, 'Freezing the North-South Bloc(k) After the East-West Thaw', Socialist Review, 90:1 (1990), pp. 25-46. Enrico Augelli and Craig N. Murphy, 'La nuova teoria della pace delle Nazioni unite', in Gian Giacomo Migone and Olga Re (eds.), A cinquant'anni dalla nascita delle Nazioni unite, a special issue of Europal Europe, 4:4 (1995), pp. 97-121.
37. Stephen Gill, 'Globalisation, Market Civilisation, and Disciplinary Liberalism', Millennium, 24:4 (1995), pp. 399-423. Kees van der Piji, 'Transnational Class Formation', in Gill and Mittelman (eds.), Innovation, pp. 118-33. Craig N. Murphy, 'Freezing the North-South Bloc(k) After the East-West Thaw', Socialist Review, 90:1 (1990), pp. 25-46. Enrico Augelli and Craig N. Murphy, 'La nuova teoria della pace delle Nazioni unite', in Gian Giacomo Migone and Olga Re (eds.), A cinquant'anni dalla nascita delle Nazioni unite, a special issue of Europal Europe, 4:4 (1995), pp. 97-121.
38. Stephen Gill, 'Globalisation, Market Civilisation, and Disciplinary Liberalism', Millennium, 24:4 (1995), pp. 399-423. Kees van der Piji, 'Transnational Class Formation', in Gill and Mittelman (eds.), Innovation, pp. 118-33. Craig N. Murphy, 'Freezing the North-South Bloc(k) After the East-West Thaw', Socialist Review, 90:1 (1990), pp. 25-46. Enrico Augelli and Craig N. Murphy, 'La nuova teoria della pace delle Nazioni unite', in Gian Giacomo Migone and Olga Re (eds.), A cinquant'anni dalla nascita delle Nazioni unite, a special issue of Europal Europe, 4:4 (1995), pp. 97-121.
39. Stephen Gill, 'Globalisation, Market Civilisation, and Disciplinary Liberalism', Millennium, 24:4 (1995), pp. 399-423. Kees van der Piji, 'Transnational Class Formation', in Gill and Mittelman (eds.), Innovation, pp. 118-33. Craig N. Murphy, 'Freezing the North-South Bloc(k) After the East-West Thaw', Socialist Review, 90:1 (1990), pp. 25-46. Enrico Augelli and Craig N. Murphy, 'La nuova teoria della pace delle Nazioni unite', in Gian Giacomo Migone and Olga Re (eds.), A cinquant'anni dalla nascita delle Nazioni unite, a special issue of Europal Europe, 4:4 (1995), pp. 97-121.
40. J. M. Blaut's useful concept introduced in The Colonizer's Model of the World (New York, 1993), p. 33, to foreground the racial aspect of dominant communities in the modern world economy. Cf. Randall Persaud, 'Frantz Fanon, Race, and World Order', in Gill and Mittelman (eds.), Innovation, pp. 170-84.
41. J. M. Blaut's useful concept introduced in The Colonizer's Model of the World (New York, 1993), p. 33, to foreground the racial aspect of dominant communities in the modern world economy. Cf. Randall Persaud, 'Frantz Fanon, Race, and World Order', in Gill and Mittelman (eds.), Innovation, pp. 170-84.
42. What evidence there is for this assertion would include articles throughout Migone and Re (eds.), A cinquant'anni.
43. Golding, Gramsci's Democratic Theory, p. 132.
44. Ernest J. Yanarella and Herbert G. Reid, 'From "Trained Gorilla" to "Humanware": Repoliticizing the Body-Machine Complex between Fordism and Post-Fordism', in Theodore Schatzki and Wolfgang Natter (eds.) The Social and Political Body (New York, 1996), p. 209.
45. Ernest J. Yanarella, 'Wither Hegemony?: Between Gramsci and Derrida', in John Paul Jones, III, Wolfgang Natter, and Theodore R. Schatzki (eds.), Postmodern Contentions: Epochs, Politics, Space (New York, 1993), p. 94.