7Li solid-state NMR spectroscopic study of cyclopentadienyllithium complexes

Magnetic Resonance in Chemistry

Volumn 36, Issue 998, 1998, Pages

  Johnels, Dan ^a   Boman, Arne ^a   Edlund, Ulf ^a  

^a UMEÅ UNIVERSITY   (Sweden)

Author keywords

7Li solid state NMR; Cyclopentadienyllithium complexes; Organolithium compounds; Quadrupolar coupling constant

Indexed keywords

CHEMICAL SHIFT; IONS; LIGHT POLARIZATION; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY; SPECTROSCOPIC ANALYSIS;

7LI SOLID-STATE NMR; CONTACT ION PAIRS; CYCLOPENTADIENYLLITHIUM; CYCLOPENTADIENYLLITHIUM COMPLEX; ION PAIRS; NMR-SPECTROSCOPY; ORGANOLITHIUM COMPOUNDS; QUADRUPOLAR COUPLING CONSTANTS; SOLID STATE NMR; SPECTROSCOPIC STUDIES;

LIGANDS;

EID: 0032365113     PISSN: 07491581     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-458x(199806)36:133.3.co;2-d     Document Type: Article

References (54)

1. (a) W. N. Setzer and P. v. R. Schleyer, Adv. Organomet. Chem. 24, 353 (1985); (b) D. Seebach, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 27, 1624 (1988); E. Weiss, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Ehgl. 32, 1501 (1993); G. Boche, J. C. W. Lohrenz and A. Opel, in Lithium Chemistry, edited by A.-M. Sapse and P. v. R. Schleyer, Chapt. 7. Wiley-Interscience, New York (1995); (e) F. Pauer and P. Power, in Lithium Chemistry, edited by A.-M. Sapse and P. v. R. Schleyer, Chapt. 9. Wiley-Interscience, New York (1995).
2. (a) W. N. Setzer and P. v. R. Schleyer, Adv. Organomet. Chem. 24, 353 (1985); (b) D. Seebach, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 27, 1624 (1988); E. Weiss, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Ehgl. 32, 1501 (1993); G. Boche, J. C. W. Lohrenz and A. Opel, in Lithium Chemistry, edited by A.-M. Sapse and P. v. R. Schleyer, Chapt. 7. Wiley-Interscience, New York (1995); (e) F. Pauer and P. Power, in Lithium Chemistry, edited by A.-M. Sapse and P. v. R. Schleyer, Chapt. 9. Wiley-Interscience, New York (1995).
3. (a) W. N. Setzer and P. v. R. Schleyer, Adv. Organomet. Chem. 24, 353 (1985); (b) D. Seebach, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 27, 1624 (1988); E. Weiss, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Ehgl. 32, 1501 (1993); G. Boche, J. C. W. Lohrenz and A. Opel, in Lithium Chemistry, edited by A.-M. Sapse and P. v. R. Schleyer, Chapt. 7. Wiley-Interscience, New York (1995); (e) F. Pauer and P. Power, in Lithium Chemistry, edited by A.-M. Sapse and P. v. R. Schleyer, Chapt. 9. Wiley-Interscience, New York (1995).
4. (a) W. N. Setzer and P. v. R. Schleyer, Adv. Organomet. Chem. 24, 353 (1985); (b) D. Seebach, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 27, 1624 (1988); E. Weiss, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Ehgl. 32, 1501 (1993); G. Boche, J. C. W. Lohrenz and A. Opel, in Lithium Chemistry, edited by A.-M. Sapse and P. v. R. Schleyer, Chapt. 7. Wiley-Interscience, New York (1995); (e) F. Pauer and P. Power, in Lithium Chemistry, edited by A.-M. Sapse and P. v. R. Schleyer, Chapt. 9. Wiley-Interscience, New York (1995).
5. (a) W. N. Setzer and P. v. R. Schleyer, Adv. Organomet. Chem. 24, 353 (1985); (b) D. Seebach, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 27, 1624 (1988); E. Weiss, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Ehgl. 32, 1501 (1993); G. Boche, J. C. W. Lohrenz and A. Opel, in Lithium Chemistry, edited by A.-M. Sapse and P. v. R. Schleyer, Chapt. 7. Wiley-Interscience, New York (1995); (e) F. Pauer and P. Power, in Lithium Chemistry, edited by A.-M. Sapse and P. v. R. Schleyer, Chapt. 9. Wiley-Interscience, New York (1995).
6. (a) H. Günther, D. Moskau, P. Bast and D. Schmalz, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 26, 1212 (1987); (b) R. D. Thomas, in Isotopes in the Physical and Biomedical Science, edited by E. Buncel and J. R. Jones, p. 367. Elsevier, Amsterdam (1991); W. Bauer and P. v. R. Schleyer, Adv. Carbanion Chem. 1, 89 (19992); W. Bauer, in Lithium Chemistry, edited by A.-M. Sapse and P. v. R. Schleyer, Chapt. 5. Wiley-Interscience, New York (1995).
7. (a) H. Günther, D. Moskau, P. Bast and D. Schmalz, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 26, 1212 (1987); (b) R. D. Thomas, in Isotopes in the Physical and Biomedical Science, edited by E. Buncel and J. R. Jones, p. 367. Elsevier, Amsterdam (1991); W. Bauer and P. v. R. Schleyer, Adv. Carbanion Chem. 1, 89 (19992); W. Bauer, in Lithium Chemistry, edited by A.-M. Sapse and P. v. R. Schleyer, Chapt. 5. Wiley-Interscience, New York (1995).
8. (a) H. Günther, D. Moskau, P. Bast and D. Schmalz, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 26, 1212 (1987); (b) R. D. Thomas, in Isotopes in the Physical and Biomedical Science, edited by E. Buncel and J. R. Jones, p. 367. Elsevier, Amsterdam (1991); W. Bauer and P. v. R. Schleyer, Adv. Carbanion Chem. 1, 89 (19992); W. Bauer, in Lithium Chemistry, edited by A.-M. Sapse and P. v. R. Schleyer, Chapt. 5. Wiley-Interscience, New York (1995).
9. (a) H. Günther, D. Moskau, P. Bast and D. Schmalz, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 26, 1212 (1987); (b) R. D. Thomas, in Isotopes in the Physical and Biomedical Science, edited by E. Buncel and J. R. Jones, p. 367. Elsevier, Amsterdam (1991); W. Bauer and P. v. R. Schleyer, Adv. Carbanion Chem. 1, 89 (19992); W. Bauer, in Lithium Chemistry, edited by A.-M. Sapse and P. v. R. Schleyer, Chapt. 5. Wiley-Interscience, New York (1995).
10. (a) D. Johnels and U. Edlund, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 112, 1647 (1990); (b) D. Johnels and U. Edlund, J. Organomet. Chem. 393, C35 (1990); D. Johnels, J. Organomet. Chem. 445, 1 (1993); D. Johnels, A. Andersson, A. Boman and U. Edlund, Magn. Reson. Chem. 34, 908 (1996); (e) P.-O. Quist, H. Förster and D. Johnels, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 119, 5390 (1997).
11. (a) D. Johnels and U. Edlund, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 112, 1647 (1990); (b) D. Johnels and U. Edlund, J. Organomet. Chem. 393, C35 (1990); D. Johnels, J. Organomet. Chem. 445, 1 (1993); D. Johnels, A. Andersson, A. Boman and U. Edlund, Magn. Reson. Chem. 34, 908 (1996); (e) P.-O. Quist, H. Förster and D. Johnels, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 119, 5390 (1997).
12. (a) D. Johnels and U. Edlund, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 112, 1647 (1990); (b) D. Johnels and U. Edlund, J. Organomet. Chem. 393, C35 (1990); D. Johnels, J. Organomet. Chem. 445, 1 (1993); D. Johnels, A. Andersson, A. Boman and U. Edlund, Magn. Reson. Chem. 34, 908 (1996); (e) P.-O. Quist, H. Förster and D. Johnels, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 119, 5390 (1997).
13. (a) D. Johnels and U. Edlund, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 112, 1647 (1990); (b) D. Johnels and U. Edlund, J. Organomet. Chem. 393, C35 (1990); D. Johnels, J. Organomet. Chem. 445, 1 (1993); D. Johnels, A. Andersson, A. Boman and U. Edlund, Magn. Reson. Chem. 34, 908 (1996); (e) P.-O. Quist, H. Förster and D. Johnels, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 119, 5390 (1997).
14. (a) D. Johnels and U. Edlund, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 112, 1647 (1990); (b) D. Johnels and U. Edlund, J. Organomet. Chem. 393, C35 (1990); D. Johnels, J. Organomet. Chem. 445, 1 (1993); D. Johnels, A. Andersson, A. Boman and U. Edlund, Magn. Reson. Chem. 34, 908 (1996); (e) P.-O. Quist, H. Förster and D. Johnels, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 119, 5390 (1997).
15. J. A. Ladd and J. Parker, J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans. 930 (1972).
16. See, for example, (a) D. Stalke, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Ehgl. 33, 2168 (1994); (b) P. Jutzi, E. Schlüter, C. Krüger and S. Pohl, Angew. Chem. 95, 1015 (1983); M. F. Lappert, A. Singh, L. M. Engelhardt and A. H. White, J.Organomet. Chem. 262, 271 (1984; P. Jutzi, E. Schlüter, S. Pohl and W. Saak, Chem. Ber. 118, 1959 (1985); (e) S. D. Stults, R. A. Andersen and A. Zalkin, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 111, 4507 (1989); (f) P. Jutzi, W. Leffers, S. Pohl and W. Saak, Chem. Ber. 112, 1449; (g) A. Hammel, W. Schwarz and J. Weidlein, Acta Crystallogr., Sect. C 46, 2337 (1990); (h) H. Chen, P. Jutzi, W. Leffers, M. M. Olmstead and P. P. Power, Organometallics 10, 1282 (1991); W. J. Evans, T. J. Boyle and J. W. Ziller, Organometallics 11, 3903 (1992); (j) A. Sekiguchi, Y. Sugai, K. Ebata, C. Kabuto and H. Sakurai, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 115, 1144 (1993); (k) F. Zaegel, J. C. Galluci, P. Meunier, B. Gautheron, M. R. Sivik and L. A. Paquette, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 116, 6466 (1994); S. Harder and M. H. Prosenc, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 33, 1744 (1994); J. Wessel, E. Lork and R. Mews, Angew Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 34, 2376 (1995); (n) M. Könemann, G. Erker, M. Grehl, R. Frölich and E. U. Würthwein, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 117, 11215 (1995); (o) C. Dohmeier, E. Baum, A. Ecker, R. Koppe and H. Schnöckel, Organometallics 115, 4702 (1996); (p) R. E. Dinnebier, U. Behrens and F. Olbrich, Organometallics 16, 3855 (1997); (q) S. P. Constantine, J. M. Keates and G. A. Lawless, Poster presented at the 2nd International Conference on the Chemistry of the Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals, Erlangen, Germany (1997).
17. See, for example, (a) D. Stalke, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Ehgl. 33, 2168 (1994); (b) P. Jutzi, E. Schlüter, C. Krüger and S. Pohl, Angew. Chem. 95, 1015 (1983); M. F. Lappert, A. Singh, L. M. Engelhardt and A. H. White, J.Organomet. Chem. 262, 271 (1984; P. Jutzi, E. Schlüter, S. Pohl and W. Saak, Chem. Ber. 118, 1959 (1985); (e) S. D. Stults, R. A. Andersen and A. Zalkin, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 111, 4507 (1989); (f) P. Jutzi, W. Leffers, S. Pohl and W. Saak, Chem. Ber. 112, 1449; (g) A. Hammel, W. Schwarz and J. Weidlein, Acta Crystallogr., Sect. C 46, 2337 (1990); (h) H. Chen, P. Jutzi, W. Leffers, M. M. Olmstead and P. P. Power, Organometallics 10, 1282 (1991); W. J. Evans, T. J. Boyle and J. W. Ziller, Organometallics 11, 3903 (1992); (j) A. Sekiguchi, Y. Sugai, K. Ebata, C. Kabuto and H. Sakurai, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 115, 1144 (1993); (k) F. Zaegel, J. C. Galluci, P. Meunier, B. Gautheron, M. R. Sivik and L. A. Paquette, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 116, 6466 (1994); S. Harder and M. H. Prosenc, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 33, 1744 (1994); J. Wessel, E. Lork and R. Mews, Angew Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 34, 2376 (1995); (n) M. Könemann, G. Erker, M. Grehl, R. Frölich and E. U. Würthwein, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 117, 11215 (1995); (o) C. Dohmeier, E. Baum, A. Ecker, R. Koppe and H. Schnöckel, Organometallics 115, 4702 (1996); (p) R. E. Dinnebier, U. Behrens and F. Olbrich, Organometallics 16, 3855 (1997); (q) S. P. Constantine, J. M. Keates and G. A. Lawless, Poster presented at the 2nd International Conference on the Chemistry of the Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals, Erlangen, Germany (1997).
18. See, for example, (a) D. Stalke, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Ehgl. 33, 2168 (1994); (b) P. Jutzi, E. Schlüter, C. Krüger and S. Pohl, Angew. Chem. 95, 1015 (1983); M. F. Lappert, A. Singh, L. M. Engelhardt and A. H. White, J.Organomet. Chem. 262, 271 (1984; P. Jutzi, E. Schlüter, S. Pohl and W. Saak, Chem. Ber. 118, 1959 (1985); (e) S. D. Stults, R. A. Andersen and A. Zalkin, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 111, 4507 (1989); (f) P. Jutzi, W. Leffers, S. Pohl and W. Saak, Chem. Ber. 112, 1449; (g) A. Hammel, W. Schwarz and J. Weidlein, Acta Crystallogr., Sect. C 46, 2337 (1990); (h) H. Chen, P. Jutzi, W. Leffers, M. M. Olmstead and P. P. Power, Organometallics 10, 1282 (1991); W. J. Evans, T. J. Boyle and J. W. Ziller, Organometallics 11, 3903 (1992); (j) A. Sekiguchi, Y. Sugai, K. Ebata, C. Kabuto and H. Sakurai, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 115, 1144 (1993); (k) F. Zaegel, J. C. Galluci, P. Meunier, B. Gautheron, M. R. Sivik and L. A. Paquette, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 116, 6466 (1994); S. Harder and M. H. Prosenc, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 33, 1744 (1994); J. Wessel, E. Lork and R. Mews, Angew Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 34, 2376 (1995); (n) M. Könemann, G. Erker, M. Grehl, R. Frölich and E. U. Würthwein, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 117, 11215 (1995); (o) C. Dohmeier, E. Baum, A. Ecker, R. Koppe and H. Schnöckel, Organometallics 115, 4702 (1996); (p) R. E. Dinnebier, U. Behrens and F. Olbrich, Organometallics 16, 3855 (1997); (q) S. P. Constantine, J. M. Keates and G. A. Lawless, Poster presented at the 2nd International Conference on the Chemistry of the Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals, Erlangen, Germany (1997).
19. See, for example, (a) D. Stalke, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Ehgl. 33, 2168 (1994); (b) P. Jutzi, E. Schlüter, C. Krüger and S. Pohl, Angew. Chem. 95, 1015 (1983); M. F. Lappert, A. Singh, L. M. Engelhardt and A. H. White, J.Organomet. Chem. 262, 271 (1984; P. Jutzi, E. Schlüter, S. Pohl and W. Saak, Chem. Ber. 118, 1959 (1985); (e) S. D. Stults, R. A. Andersen and A. Zalkin, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 111, 4507 (1989); (f) P. Jutzi, W. Leffers, S. Pohl and W. Saak, Chem. Ber. 112, 1449; (g) A. Hammel, W. Schwarz and J. Weidlein, Acta Crystallogr., Sect. C 46, 2337 (1990); (h) H. Chen, P. Jutzi, W. Leffers, M. M. Olmstead and P. P. Power, Organometallics 10, 1282 (1991); W. J. Evans, T. J. Boyle and J. W. Ziller, Organometallics 11, 3903 (1992); (j) A. Sekiguchi, Y. Sugai, K. Ebata, C. Kabuto and H. Sakurai, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 115, 1144 (1993); (k) F. Zaegel, J. C. Galluci, P. Meunier, B. Gautheron, M. R. Sivik and L. A. Paquette, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 116, 6466 (1994); S. Harder and M. H. Prosenc, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 33, 1744 (1994); J. Wessel, E. Lork and R. Mews, Angew Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 34, 2376 (1995); (n) M. Könemann, G. Erker, M. Grehl, R. Frölich and E. U. Würthwein, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 117, 11215 (1995); (o) C. Dohmeier, E. Baum, A. Ecker, R. Koppe and H. Schnöckel, Organometallics 115, 4702 (1996); (p) R. E. Dinnebier, U. Behrens and F. Olbrich, Organometallics 16, 3855 (1997); (q) S. P. Constantine, J. M. Keates and G. A. Lawless, Poster presented at the 2nd International Conference on the Chemistry of the Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals, Erlangen, Germany (1997).
20. See, for example, (a) D. Stalke, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Ehgl. 33, 2168 (1994); (b) P. Jutzi, E. Schlüter, C. Krüger and S. Pohl, Angew. Chem. 95, 1015 (1983); M. F. Lappert, A. Singh, L. M. Engelhardt and A. H. White, J.Organomet. Chem. 262, 271 (1984; P. Jutzi, E. Schlüter, S. Pohl and W. Saak, Chem. Ber. 118, 1959 (1985); (e) S. D. Stults, R. A. Andersen and A. Zalkin, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 111, 4507 (1989); (f) P. Jutzi, W. Leffers, S. Pohl and W. Saak, Chem. Ber. 112, 1449; (g) A. Hammel, W. Schwarz and J. Weidlein, Acta Crystallogr., Sect. C 46, 2337 (1990); (h) H. Chen, P. Jutzi, W. Leffers, M. M. Olmstead and P. P. Power, Organometallics 10, 1282 (1991); W. J. Evans, T. J. Boyle and J. W. Ziller, Organometallics 11, 3903 (1992); (j) A. Sekiguchi, Y. Sugai, K. Ebata, C. Kabuto and H. Sakurai, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 115, 1144 (1993); (k) F. Zaegel, J. C. Galluci, P. Meunier, B. Gautheron, M. R. Sivik and L. A. Paquette, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 116, 6466 (1994); S. Harder and M. H. Prosenc, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 33, 1744 (1994); J. Wessel, E. Lork and R. Mews, Angew Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 34, 2376 (1995); (n) M. Könemann, G. Erker, M. Grehl, R. Frölich and E. U. Würthwein, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 117, 11215 (1995); (o) C. Dohmeier, E. Baum, A. Ecker, R. Koppe and H. Schnöckel, Organometallics 115, 4702 (1996); (p) R. E. Dinnebier, U. Behrens and F. Olbrich, Organometallics 16, 3855 (1997); (q) S. P. Constantine, J. M. Keates and G. A. Lawless, Poster presented at the 2nd International Conference on the Chemistry of the Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals, Erlangen, Germany (1997).
21. See, for example, (a) D. Stalke, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Ehgl. 33, 2168 (1994); (b) P. Jutzi, E. Schlüter, C. Krüger and S. Pohl, Angew. Chem. 95, 1015 (1983); M. F. Lappert, A. Singh, L. M. Engelhardt and A. H. White, J.Organomet. Chem. 262, 271 (1984; P. Jutzi, E. Schlüter, S. Pohl and W. Saak, Chem. Ber. 118, 1959 (1985); (e) S. D. Stults, R. A. Andersen and A. Zalkin, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 111, 4507 (1989); (f) P. Jutzi, W. Leffers, S. Pohl and W. Saak, Chem. Ber. 112, 1449; (g) A. Hammel, W. Schwarz and J. Weidlein, Acta Crystallogr., Sect. C 46, 2337 (1990); (h) H. Chen, P. Jutzi, W. Leffers, M. M. Olmstead and P. P. Power, Organometallics 10, 1282 (1991); W. J. Evans, T. J. Boyle and J. W. Ziller, Organometallics 11, 3903 (1992); (j) A. Sekiguchi, Y. Sugai, K. Ebata, C. Kabuto and H. Sakurai, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 115, 1144 (1993); (k) F. Zaegel, J. C. Galluci, P. Meunier, B. Gautheron, M. R. Sivik and L. A. Paquette, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 116, 6466 (1994); S. Harder and M. H. Prosenc, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 33, 1744 (1994); J. Wessel, E. Lork and R. Mews, Angew Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 34, 2376 (1995); (n) M. Könemann, G. Erker, M. Grehl, R. Frölich and E. U. Würthwein, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 117, 11215 (1995); (o) C. Dohmeier, E. Baum, A. Ecker, R. Koppe and H. Schnöckel, Organometallics 115, 4702 (1996); (p) R. E. Dinnebier, U. Behrens and F. Olbrich, Organometallics 16, 3855 (1997); (q) S. P. Constantine, J. M. Keates and G. A. Lawless, Poster presented at the 2nd International Conference on the Chemistry of the Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals, Erlangen, Germany (1997).
22. See, for example, (a) D. Stalke, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Ehgl. 33, 2168 (1994); (b) P. Jutzi, E. Schlüter, C. Krüger and S. Pohl, Angew. Chem. 95, 1015 (1983); M. F. Lappert, A. Singh, L. M. Engelhardt and A. H. White, J.Organomet. Chem. 262, 271 (1984; P. Jutzi, E. Schlüter, S. Pohl and W. Saak, Chem. Ber. 118, 1959 (1985); (e) S. D. Stults, R. A. Andersen and A. Zalkin, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 111, 4507 (1989); (f) P. Jutzi, W. Leffers, S. Pohl and W. Saak, Chem. Ber. 112, 1449; (g) A. Hammel, W. Schwarz and J. Weidlein, Acta Crystallogr., Sect. C 46, 2337 (1990); (h) H. Chen, P. Jutzi, W. Leffers, M. M. Olmstead and P. P. Power, Organometallics 10, 1282 (1991); W. J. Evans, T. J. Boyle and J. W. Ziller, Organometallics 11, 3903 (1992); (j) A. Sekiguchi, Y. Sugai, K. Ebata, C. Kabuto and H. Sakurai, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 115, 1144 (1993); (k) F. Zaegel, J. C. Galluci, P. Meunier, B. Gautheron, M. R. Sivik and L. A. Paquette, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 116, 6466 (1994); S. Harder and M. H. Prosenc, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 33, 1744 (1994); J. Wessel, E. Lork and R. Mews, Angew Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 34, 2376 (1995); (n) M. Könemann, G. Erker, M. Grehl, R. Frölich and E. U. Würthwein, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 117, 11215 (1995); (o) C. Dohmeier, E. Baum, A. Ecker, R. Koppe and H. Schnöckel, Organometallics 115, 4702 (1996); (p) R. E. Dinnebier, U. Behrens and F. Olbrich, Organometallics 16, 3855 (1997); (q) S. P. Constantine, J. M. Keates and G. A. Lawless, Poster presented at the 2nd International Conference on the Chemistry of the Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals, Erlangen, Germany (1997).
23. See, for example, (a) D. Stalke, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Ehgl. 33, 2168 (1994); (b) P. Jutzi, E. Schlüter, C. Krüger and S. Pohl, Angew. Chem. 95, 1015 (1983); M. F. Lappert, A. Singh, L. M. Engelhardt and A. H. White, J.Organomet. Chem. 262, 271 (1984; P. Jutzi, E. Schlüter, S. Pohl and W. Saak, Chem. Ber. 118, 1959 (1985); (e) S. D. Stults, R. A. Andersen and A. Zalkin, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 111, 4507 (1989); (f) P. Jutzi, W. Leffers, S. Pohl and W. Saak, Chem. Ber. 112, 1449; (g) A. Hammel, W. Schwarz and J. Weidlein, Acta Crystallogr., Sect. C 46, 2337 (1990); (h) H. Chen, P. Jutzi, W. Leffers, M. M. Olmstead and P. P. Power, Organometallics 10, 1282 (1991); W. J. Evans, T. J. Boyle and J. W. Ziller, Organometallics 11, 3903 (1992); (j) A. Sekiguchi, Y. Sugai, K. Ebata, C. Kabuto and H. Sakurai, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 115, 1144 (1993); (k) F. Zaegel, J. C. Galluci, P. Meunier, B. Gautheron, M. R. Sivik and L. A. Paquette, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 116, 6466 (1994); S. Harder and M. H. Prosenc, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 33, 1744 (1994); J. Wessel, E. Lork and R. Mews, Angew Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 34, 2376 (1995); (n) M. Könemann, G. Erker, M. Grehl, R. Frölich and E. U. Würthwein, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 117, 11215 (1995); (o) C. Dohmeier, E. Baum, A. Ecker, R. Koppe and H. Schnöckel, Organometallics 115, 4702 (1996); (p) R. E. Dinnebier, U. Behrens and F. Olbrich, Organometallics 16, 3855 (1997); (q) S. P. Constantine, J. M. Keates and G. A. Lawless, Poster presented at the 2nd International Conference on the Chemistry of the Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals, Erlangen, Germany (1997).
24. See, for example, (a) D. Stalke, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Ehgl. 33, 2168 (1994); (b) P. Jutzi, E. Schlüter, C. Krüger and S. Pohl, Angew. Chem. 95, 1015 (1983); M. F. Lappert, A. Singh, L. M. Engelhardt and A. H. White, J.Organomet. Chem. 262, 271 (1984; P. Jutzi, E. Schlüter, S. Pohl and W. Saak, Chem. Ber. 118, 1959 (1985); (e) S. D. Stults, R. A. Andersen and A. Zalkin, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 111, 4507 (1989); (f) P. Jutzi, W. Leffers, S. Pohl and W. Saak, Chem. Ber. 112, 1449; (g) A. Hammel, W. Schwarz and J. Weidlein, Acta Crystallogr., Sect. C 46, 2337 (1990); (h) H. Chen, P. Jutzi, W. Leffers, M. M. Olmstead and P. P. Power, Organometallics 10, 1282 (1991); W. J. Evans, T. J. Boyle and J. W. Ziller, Organometallics 11, 3903 (1992); (j) A. Sekiguchi, Y. Sugai, K. Ebata, C. Kabuto and H. Sakurai, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 115, 1144 (1993); (k) F. Zaegel, J. C. Galluci, P. Meunier, B. Gautheron, M. R. Sivik and L. A. Paquette, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 116, 6466 (1994); S. Harder and M. H. Prosenc, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 33, 1744 (1994); J. Wessel, E. Lork and R. Mews, Angew Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 34, 2376 (1995); (n) M. Könemann, G. Erker, M. Grehl, R. Frölich and E. U. Würthwein, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 117, 11215 (1995); (o) C. Dohmeier, E. Baum, A. Ecker, R. Koppe and H. Schnöckel, Organometallics 115, 4702 (1996); (p) R. E. Dinnebier, U. Behrens and F. Olbrich, Organometallics 16, 3855 (1997); (q) S. P. Constantine, J. M. Keates and G. A. Lawless, Poster presented at the 2nd International Conference on the Chemistry of the Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals, Erlangen, Germany (1997).
25. See, for example, (a) D. Stalke, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Ehgl. 33, 2168 (1994); (b) P. Jutzi, E. Schlüter, C. Krüger and S. Pohl, Angew. Chem. 95, 1015 (1983); M. F. Lappert, A. Singh, L. M. Engelhardt and A. H. White, J.Organomet. Chem. 262, 271 (1984; P. Jutzi, E. Schlüter, S. Pohl and W. Saak, Chem. Ber. 118, 1959 (1985); (e) S. D. Stults, R. A. Andersen and A. Zalkin, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 111, 4507 (1989); (f) P. Jutzi, W. Leffers, S. Pohl and W. Saak, Chem. Ber. 112, 1449; (g) A. Hammel, W. Schwarz and J. Weidlein, Acta Crystallogr., Sect. C 46, 2337 (1990); (h) H. Chen, P. Jutzi, W. Leffers, M. M. Olmstead and P. P. Power, Organometallics 10, 1282 (1991); W. J. Evans, T. J. Boyle and J. W. Ziller, Organometallics 11, 3903 (1992); (j) A. Sekiguchi, Y. Sugai, K. Ebata, C. Kabuto and H. Sakurai, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 115, 1144 (1993); (k) F. Zaegel, J. C. Galluci, P. Meunier, B. Gautheron, M. R. Sivik and L. A. Paquette, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 116, 6466 (1994); S. Harder and M. H. Prosenc, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 33, 1744 (1994); J. Wessel, E. Lork and R. Mews, Angew Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 34, 2376 (1995); (n) M. Könemann, G. Erker, M. Grehl, R. Frölich and E. U. Würthwein, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 117, 11215 (1995); (o) C. Dohmeier, E. Baum, A. Ecker, R. Koppe and H. Schnöckel, Organometallics 115, 4702 (1996); (p) R. E. Dinnebier, U. Behrens and F. Olbrich, Organometallics 16, 3855 (1997); (q) S. P. Constantine, J. M. Keates and G. A. Lawless, Poster presented at the 2nd International Conference on the Chemistry of the Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals, Erlangen, Germany (1997).
26. See, for example, (a) D. Stalke, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Ehgl. 33, 2168 (1994); (b) P. Jutzi, E. Schlüter, C. Krüger and S. Pohl, Angew. Chem. 95, 1015 (1983); M. F. Lappert, A. Singh, L. M. Engelhardt and A. H. White, J.Organomet. Chem. 262, 271 (1984; P. Jutzi, E. Schlüter, S. Pohl and W. Saak, Chem. Ber. 118, 1959 (1985); (e) S. D. Stults, R. A. Andersen and A. Zalkin, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 111, 4507 (1989); (f) P. Jutzi, W. Leffers, S. Pohl and W. Saak, Chem. Ber. 112, 1449; (g) A. Hammel, W. Schwarz and J. Weidlein, Acta Crystallogr., Sect. C 46, 2337 (1990); (h) H. Chen, P. Jutzi, W. Leffers, M. M. Olmstead and P. P. Power, Organometallics 10, 1282 (1991); W. J. Evans, T. J. Boyle and J. W. Ziller, Organometallics 11, 3903 (1992); (j) A. Sekiguchi, Y. Sugai, K. Ebata, C. Kabuto and H. Sakurai, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 115, 1144 (1993); (k) F. Zaegel, J. C. Galluci, P. Meunier, B. Gautheron, M. R. Sivik and L. A. Paquette, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 116, 6466 (1994); S. Harder and M. H. Prosenc, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 33, 1744 (1994); J. Wessel, E. Lork and R. Mews, Angew Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 34, 2376 (1995); (n) M. Könemann, G. Erker, M. Grehl, R. Frölich and E. U. Würthwein, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 117, 11215 (1995); (o) C. Dohmeier, E. Baum, A. Ecker, R. Koppe and H. Schnöckel, Organometallics 115, 4702 (1996); (p) R. E. Dinnebier, U. Behrens and F. Olbrich, Organometallics 16, 3855 (1997); (q) S. P. Constantine, J. M. Keates and G. A. Lawless, Poster presented at the 2nd International Conference on the Chemistry of the Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals, Erlangen, Germany (1997).
27. See, for example, (a) D. Stalke, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Ehgl. 33, 2168 (1994); (b) P. Jutzi, E. Schlüter, C. Krüger and S. Pohl, Angew. Chem. 95, 1015 (1983); M. F. Lappert, A. Singh, L. M. Engelhardt and A. H. White, J.Organomet. Chem. 262, 271 (1984; P. Jutzi, E. Schlüter, S. Pohl and W. Saak, Chem. Ber. 118, 1959 (1985); (e) S. D. Stults, R. A. Andersen and A. Zalkin, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 111, 4507 (1989); (f) P. Jutzi, W. Leffers, S. Pohl and W. Saak, Chem. Ber. 112, 1449; (g) A. Hammel, W. Schwarz and J. Weidlein, Acta Crystallogr., Sect. C 46, 2337 (1990); (h) H. Chen, P. Jutzi, W. Leffers, M. M. Olmstead and P. P. Power, Organometallics 10, 1282 (1991); W. J. Evans, T. J. Boyle and J. W. Ziller, Organometallics 11, 3903 (1992); (j) A. Sekiguchi, Y. Sugai, K. Ebata, C. Kabuto and H. Sakurai, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 115, 1144 (1993); (k) F. Zaegel, J. C. Galluci, P. Meunier, B. Gautheron, M. R. Sivik and L. A. Paquette, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 116, 6466 (1994); S. Harder and M. H. Prosenc, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 33, 1744 (1994); J. Wessel, E. Lork and R. Mews, Angew Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 34, 2376 (1995); (n) M. Könemann, G. Erker, M. Grehl, R. Frölich and E. U. Würthwein, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 117, 11215 (1995); (o) C. Dohmeier, E. Baum, A. Ecker, R. Koppe and H. Schnöckel, Organometallics 115, 4702 (1996); (p) R. E. Dinnebier, U. Behrens and F. Olbrich, Organometallics 16, 3855 (1997); (q) S. P. Constantine, J. M. Keates and G. A. Lawless, Poster presented at the 2nd International Conference on the Chemistry of the Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals, Erlangen, Germany (1997).
28. See, for example, (a) D. Stalke, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Ehgl. 33, 2168 (1994); (b) P. Jutzi, E. Schlüter, C. Krüger and S. Pohl, Angew. Chem. 95, 1015 (1983); M. F. Lappert, A. Singh, L. M. Engelhardt and A. H. White, J.Organomet. Chem. 262, 271 (1984; P. Jutzi, E. Schlüter, S. Pohl and W. Saak, Chem. Ber. 118, 1959 (1985); (e) S. D. Stults, R. A. Andersen and A. Zalkin, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 111, 4507 (1989); (f) P. Jutzi, W. Leffers, S. Pohl and W. Saak, Chem. Ber. 112, 1449; (g) A. Hammel, W. Schwarz and J. Weidlein, Acta Crystallogr., Sect. C 46, 2337 (1990); (h) H. Chen, P. Jutzi, W. Leffers, M. M. Olmstead and P. P. Power, Organometallics 10, 1282 (1991); W. J. Evans, T. J. Boyle and J. W. Ziller, Organometallics 11, 3903 (1992); (j) A. Sekiguchi, Y. Sugai, K. Ebata, C. Kabuto and H. Sakurai, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 115, 1144 (1993); (k) F. Zaegel, J. C. Galluci, P. Meunier, B. Gautheron, M. R. Sivik and L. A. Paquette, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 116, 6466 (1994); S. Harder and M. H. Prosenc, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 33, 1744 (1994); J. Wessel, E. Lork and R. Mews, Angew Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 34, 2376 (1995); (n) M. Könemann, G. Erker, M. Grehl, R. Frölich and E. U. Würthwein, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 117, 11215 (1995); (o) C. Dohmeier, E. Baum, A. Ecker, R. Koppe and H. Schnöckel, Organometallics 115, 4702 (1996); (p) R. E. Dinnebier, U. Behrens and F. Olbrich, Organometallics 16, 3855 (1997); (q) S. P. Constantine, J. M. Keates and G. A. Lawless, Poster presented at the 2nd International Conference on the Chemistry of the Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals, Erlangen, Germany (1997).
29. See, for example, (a) D. Stalke, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Ehgl. 33, 2168 (1994); (b) P. Jutzi, E. Schlüter, C. Krüger and S. Pohl, Angew. Chem. 95, 1015 (1983); M. F. Lappert, A. Singh, L. M. Engelhardt and A. H. White, J.Organomet. Chem. 262, 271 (1984; P. Jutzi, E. Schlüter, S. Pohl and W. Saak, Chem. Ber. 118, 1959 (1985); (e) S. D. Stults, R. A. Andersen and A. Zalkin, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 111, 4507 (1989); (f) P. Jutzi, W. Leffers, S. Pohl and W. Saak, Chem. Ber. 112, 1449; (g) A. Hammel, W. Schwarz and J. Weidlein, Acta Crystallogr., Sect. C 46, 2337 (1990); (h) H. Chen, P. Jutzi, W. Leffers, M. M. Olmstead and P. P. Power, Organometallics 10, 1282 (1991); W. J. Evans, T. J. Boyle and J. W. Ziller, Organometallics 11, 3903 (1992); (j) A. Sekiguchi, Y. Sugai, K. Ebata, C. Kabuto and H. Sakurai, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 115, 1144 (1993); (k) F. Zaegel, J. C. Galluci, P. Meunier, B. Gautheron, M. R. Sivik and L. A. Paquette, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 116, 6466 (1994); S. Harder and M. H. Prosenc, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 33, 1744 (1994); J. Wessel, E. Lork and R. Mews, Angew Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 34, 2376 (1995); (n) M. Könemann, G. Erker, M. Grehl, R. Frölich and E. U. Würthwein, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 117, 11215 (1995); (o) C. Dohmeier, E. Baum, A. Ecker, R. Koppe and H. Schnöckel, Organometallics 115, 4702 (1996); (p) R. E. Dinnebier, U. Behrens and F. Olbrich, Organometallics 16, 3855 (1997); (q) S. P. Constantine, J. M. Keates and G. A. Lawless, Poster presented at the 2nd International Conference on the Chemistry of the Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals, Erlangen, Germany (1997).
30. See, for example, (a) D. Stalke, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Ehgl. 33, 2168 (1994); (b) P. Jutzi, E. Schlüter, C. Krüger and S. Pohl, Angew. Chem. 95, 1015 (1983); M. F. Lappert, A. Singh, L. M. Engelhardt and A. H. White, J.Organomet. Chem. 262, 271 (1984; P. Jutzi, E. Schlüter, S. Pohl and W. Saak, Chem. Ber. 118, 1959 (1985); (e) S. D. Stults, R. A. Andersen and A. Zalkin, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 111, 4507 (1989); (f) P. Jutzi, W. Leffers, S. Pohl and W. Saak, Chem. Ber. 112, 1449; (g) A. Hammel, W. Schwarz and J. Weidlein, Acta Crystallogr., Sect. C 46, 2337 (1990); (h) H. Chen, P. Jutzi, W. Leffers, M. M. Olmstead and P. P. Power, Organometallics 10, 1282 (1991); W. J. Evans, T. J. Boyle and J. W. Ziller, Organometallics 11, 3903 (1992); (j) A. Sekiguchi, Y. Sugai, K. Ebata, C. Kabuto and H. Sakurai, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 115, 1144 (1993); (k) F. Zaegel, J. C. Galluci, P. Meunier, B. Gautheron, M. R. Sivik and L. A. Paquette, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 116, 6466 (1994); S. Harder and M. H. Prosenc, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 33, 1744 (1994); J. Wessel, E. Lork and R. Mews, Angew Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 34, 2376 (1995); (n) M. Könemann, G. Erker, M. Grehl, R. Frölich and E. U. Würthwein, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 117, 11215 (1995); (o) C. Dohmeier, E. Baum, A. Ecker, R. Koppe and H. Schnöckel, Organometallics 115, 4702 (1996); (p) R. E. Dinnebier, U. Behrens and F. Olbrich, Organometallics 16, 3855 (1997); (q) S. P. Constantine, J. M. Keates and G. A. Lawless, Poster presented at the 2nd International Conference on the Chemistry of the Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals, Erlangen, Germany (1997).
31. See, for example, (a) D. Stalke, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Ehgl. 33, 2168 (1994); (b) P. Jutzi, E. Schlüter, C. Krüger and S. Pohl, Angew. Chem. 95, 1015 (1983); M. F. Lappert, A. Singh, L. M. Engelhardt and A. H. White, J.Organomet. Chem. 262, 271 (1984; P. Jutzi, E. Schlüter, S. Pohl and W. Saak, Chem. Ber. 118, 1959 (1985); (e) S. D. Stults, R. A. Andersen and A. Zalkin, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 111, 4507 (1989); (f) P. Jutzi, W. Leffers, S. Pohl and W. Saak, Chem. Ber. 112, 1449; (g) A. Hammel, W. Schwarz and J. Weidlein, Acta Crystallogr., Sect. C 46, 2337 (1990); (h) H. Chen, P. Jutzi, W. Leffers, M. M. Olmstead and P. P. Power, Organometallics 10, 1282 (1991); W. J. Evans, T. J. Boyle and J. W. Ziller, Organometallics 11, 3903 (1992); (j) A. Sekiguchi, Y. Sugai, K. Ebata, C. Kabuto and H. Sakurai, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 115, 1144 (1993); (k) F. Zaegel, J. C. Galluci, P. Meunier, B. Gautheron, M. R. Sivik and L. A. Paquette, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 116, 6466 (1994); S. Harder and M. H. Prosenc, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 33, 1744 (1994); J. Wessel, E. Lork and R. Mews, Angew Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 34, 2376 (1995); (n) M. Könemann, G. Erker, M. Grehl, R. Frölich and E. U. Würthwein, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 117, 11215 (1995); (o) C. Dohmeier, E. Baum, A. Ecker, R. Koppe and H. Schnöckel, Organometallics 115, 4702 (1996); (p) R. E. Dinnebier, U. Behrens and F. Olbrich, Organometallics 16, 3855 (1997); (q) S. P. Constantine, J. M. Keates and G. A. Lawless, Poster presented at the 2nd International Conference on the Chemistry of the Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals, Erlangen, Germany (1997).
32. See, for example, (a) D. Stalke, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Ehgl. 33, 2168 (1994); (b) P. Jutzi, E. Schlüter, C. Krüger and S. Pohl, Angew. Chem. 95, 1015 (1983); M. F. Lappert, A. Singh, L. M. Engelhardt and A. H. White, J.Organomet. Chem. 262, 271 (1984; P. Jutzi, E. Schlüter, S. Pohl and W. Saak, Chem. Ber. 118, 1959 (1985); (e) S. D. Stults, R. A. Andersen and A. Zalkin, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 111, 4507 (1989); (f) P. Jutzi, W. Leffers, S. Pohl and W. Saak, Chem. Ber. 112, 1449; (g) A. Hammel, W. Schwarz and J. Weidlein, Acta Crystallogr., Sect. C 46, 2337 (1990); (h) H. Chen, P. Jutzi, W. Leffers, M. M. Olmstead and P. P. Power, Organometallics 10, 1282 (1991); W. J. Evans, T. J. Boyle and J. W. Ziller, Organometallics 11, 3903 (1992); (j) A. Sekiguchi, Y. Sugai, K. Ebata, C. Kabuto and H. Sakurai, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 115, 1144 (1993); (k) F. Zaegel, J. C. Galluci, P. Meunier, B. Gautheron, M. R. Sivik and L. A. Paquette, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 116, 6466 (1994); S. Harder and M. H. Prosenc, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 33, 1744 (1994); J. Wessel, E. Lork and R. Mews, Angew Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 34, 2376 (1995); (n) M. Könemann, G. Erker, M. Grehl, R. Frölich and E. U. Würthwein, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 117, 11215 (1995); (o) C. Dohmeier, E. Baum, A. Ecker, R. Koppe and H. Schnöckel, Organometallics 115, 4702 (1996); (p) R. E. Dinnebier, U. Behrens and F. Olbrich, Organometallics 16, 3855 (1997); (q) S. P. Constantine, J. M. Keates and G. A. Lawless, Poster presented at the 2nd International Conference on the Chemistry of the Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals, Erlangen, Germany (1997).
33. See, for example, (a) S. Alexandratos, A. Streitwieser and H. F. Schaefer, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 98, 7959 (1976); (b) E. D. Jemmis and P. v. R. Schleyer, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 104, 4781 (1982); L. A. Paquette, W. Bauer, M. R. Sivik, M. Bühl, M. Feigel and P. v. R. Schleyer, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 112, 8776 (1990); M. Bühl, N. J. R. v. E. Hommes, P. v. R. Schleyer, U. Fleicher and W. Kutzelnigg, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 113, 2459 (1991); (e) R. Blom, K. Faegri and T. Midtgaard, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 113, 3230, (1991); (f) C. Lambert and P. v. R. Schleyer, Angew. Chem. 33, 1129 (1994); (g) S. Harder, M. H. Prosenc and U. Rief, Organometallics 15, 118 (1996); (h) B. Goldfuss and P. v. R. Schleyer, Organometallics 16, 1543 (1997); (i) H. Jiao, P. v. R. Schleyer, Y. Mo, M. A. McAlster and T. T. Tidwell, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 119, 7075 (1997).
34. See, for example, (a) S. Alexandratos, A. Streitwieser and H. F. Schaefer, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 98, 7959 (1976); (b) E. D. Jemmis and P. v. R. Schleyer, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 104, 4781 (1982); L. A. Paquette, W. Bauer, M. R. Sivik, M. Bühl, M. Feigel and P. v. R. Schleyer, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 112, 8776 (1990); M. Bühl, N. J. R. v. E. Hommes, P. v. R. Schleyer, U. Fleicher and W. Kutzelnigg, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 113, 2459 (1991); (e) R. Blom, K. Faegri and T. Midtgaard, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 113, 3230, (1991); (f) C. Lambert and P. v. R. Schleyer, Angew. Chem. 33, 1129 (1994); (g) S. Harder, M. H. Prosenc and U. Rief, Organometallics 15, 118 (1996); (h) B. Goldfuss and P. v. R. Schleyer, Organometallics 16, 1543 (1997); (i) H. Jiao, P. v. R. Schleyer, Y. Mo, M. A. McAlster and T. T. Tidwell, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 119, 7075 (1997).
35. See, for example, (a) S. Alexandratos, A. Streitwieser and H. F. Schaefer, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 98, 7959 (1976); (b) E. D. Jemmis and P. v. R. Schleyer, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 104, 4781 (1982); L. A. Paquette, W. Bauer, M. R. Sivik, M. Bühl, M. Feigel and P. v. R. Schleyer, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 112, 8776 (1990); M. Bühl, N. J. R. v. E. Hommes, P. v. R. Schleyer, U. Fleicher and W. Kutzelnigg, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 113, 2459 (1991); (e) R. Blom, K. Faegri and T. Midtgaard, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 113, 3230, (1991); (f) C. Lambert and P. v. R. Schleyer, Angew. Chem. 33, 1129 (1994); (g) S. Harder, M. H. Prosenc and U. Rief, Organometallics 15, 118 (1996); (h) B. Goldfuss and P. v. R. Schleyer, Organometallics 16, 1543 (1997); (i) H. Jiao, P. v. R. Schleyer, Y. Mo, M. A. McAlster and T. T. Tidwell, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 119, 7075 (1997).
36. See, for example, (a) S. Alexandratos, A. Streitwieser and H. F. Schaefer, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 98, 7959 (1976); (b) E. D. Jemmis and P. v. R. Schleyer, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 104, 4781 (1982); L. A. Paquette, W. Bauer, M. R. Sivik, M. Bühl, M. Feigel and P. v. R. Schleyer, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 112, 8776 (1990); M. Bühl, N. J. R. v. E. Hommes, P. v. R. Schleyer, U. Fleicher and W. Kutzelnigg, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 113, 2459 (1991); (e) R. Blom, K. Faegri and T. Midtgaard, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 113, 3230, (1991); (f) C. Lambert and P. v. R. Schleyer, Angew. Chem. 33, 1129 (1994); (g) S. Harder, M. H. Prosenc and U. Rief, Organometallics 15, 118 (1996); (h) B. Goldfuss and P. v. R. Schleyer, Organometallics 16, 1543 (1997); (i) H. Jiao, P. v. R. Schleyer, Y. Mo, M. A. McAlster and T. T. Tidwell, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 119, 7075 (1997).
37. See, for example, (a) S. Alexandratos, A. Streitwieser and H. F. Schaefer, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 98, 7959 (1976); (b) E. D. Jemmis and P. v. R. Schleyer, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 104, 4781 (1982); L. A. Paquette, W. Bauer, M. R. Sivik, M. Bühl, M. Feigel and P. v. R. Schleyer, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 112, 8776 (1990); M. Bühl, N. J. R. v. E. Hommes, P. v. R. Schleyer, U. Fleicher and W. Kutzelnigg, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 113, 2459 (1991); (e) R. Blom, K. Faegri and T. Midtgaard, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 113, 3230, (1991); (f) C. Lambert and P. v. R. Schleyer, Angew. Chem. 33, 1129 (1994); (g) S. Harder, M. H. Prosenc and U. Rief, Organometallics 15, 118 (1996); (h) B. Goldfuss and P. v. R. Schleyer, Organometallics 16, 1543 (1997); (i) H. Jiao, P. v. R. Schleyer, Y. Mo, M. A. McAlster and T. T. Tidwell, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 119, 7075 (1997).
38. See, for example, (a) S. Alexandratos, A. Streitwieser and H. F. Schaefer, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 98, 7959 (1976); (b) E. D. Jemmis and P. v. R. Schleyer, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 104, 4781 (1982); L. A. Paquette, W. Bauer, M. R. Sivik, M. Bühl, M. Feigel and P. v. R. Schleyer, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 112, 8776 (1990); M. Bühl, N. J. R. v. E. Hommes, P. v. R. Schleyer, U. Fleicher and W. Kutzelnigg, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 113, 2459 (1991); (e) R. Blom, K. Faegri and T. Midtgaard, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 113, 3230, (1991); (f) C. Lambert and P. v. R. Schleyer, Angew. Chem. 33, 1129 (1994); (g) S. Harder, M. H. Prosenc and U. Rief, Organometallics 15, 118 (1996); (h) B. Goldfuss and P. v. R. Schleyer, Organometallics 16, 1543 (1997); (i) H. Jiao, P. v. R. Schleyer, Y. Mo, M. A. McAlster and T. T. Tidwell, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 119, 7075 (1997).
39. See, for example, (a) S. Alexandratos, A. Streitwieser and H. F. Schaefer, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 98, 7959 (1976); (b) E. D. Jemmis and P. v. R. Schleyer, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 104, 4781 (1982); L. A. Paquette, W. Bauer, M. R. Sivik, M. Bühl, M. Feigel and P. v. R. Schleyer, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 112, 8776 (1990); M. Bühl, N. J. R. v. E. Hommes, P. v. R. Schleyer, U. Fleicher and W. Kutzelnigg, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 113, 2459 (1991); (e) R. Blom, K. Faegri and T. Midtgaard, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 113, 3230, (1991); (f) C. Lambert and P. v. R. Schleyer, Angew. Chem. 33, 1129 (1994); (g) S. Harder, M. H. Prosenc and U. Rief, Organometallics 15, 118 (1996); (h) B. Goldfuss and P. v. R. Schleyer, Organometallics 16, 1543 (1997); (i) H. Jiao, P. v. R. Schleyer, Y. Mo, M. A. McAlster and T. T. Tidwell, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 119, 7075 (1997).
40. See, for example, (a) S. Alexandratos, A. Streitwieser and H. F. Schaefer, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 98, 7959 (1976); (b) E. D. Jemmis and P. v. R. Schleyer, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 104, 4781 (1982); L. A. Paquette, W. Bauer, M. R. Sivik, M. Bühl, M. Feigel and P. v. R. Schleyer, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 112, 8776 (1990); M. Bühl, N. J. R. v. E. Hommes, P. v. R. Schleyer, U. Fleicher and W. Kutzelnigg, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 113, 2459 (1991); (e) R. Blom, K. Faegri and T. Midtgaard, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 113, 3230, (1991); (f) C. Lambert and P. v. R. Schleyer, Angew. Chem. 33, 1129 (1994); (g) S. Harder, M. H. Prosenc and U. Rief, Organometallics 15, 118 (1996); (h) B. Goldfuss and P. v. R. Schleyer, Organometallics 16, 1543 (1997); (i) H. Jiao, P. v. R. Schleyer, Y. Mo, M. A. McAlster and T. T. Tidwell, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 119, 7075 (1997).
41. See, for example, (a) S. Alexandratos, A. Streitwieser and H. F. Schaefer, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 98, 7959 (1976); (b) E. D. Jemmis and P. v. R. Schleyer, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 104, 4781 (1982); L. A. Paquette, W. Bauer, M. R. Sivik, M. Bühl, M. Feigel and P. v. R. Schleyer, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 112, 8776 (1990); M. Bühl, N. J. R. v. E. Hommes, P. v. R. Schleyer, U. Fleicher and W. Kutzelnigg, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 113, 2459 (1991); (e) R. Blom, K. Faegri and T. Midtgaard, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 113, 3230, (1991); (f) C. Lambert and P. v. R. Schleyer, Angew. Chem. 33, 1129 (1994); (g) S. Harder, M. H. Prosenc and U. Rief, Organometallics 15, 118 (1996); (h) B. Goldfuss and P. v. R. Schleyer, Organometallics 16, 1543 (1997); H. Jiao, P. v. R. Schleyer, Y. Mo, M. A. McAlster and T. T. Tidwell, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 119, 7075 (1997).
42. (a) R. H. Cox, H. W. Terry and L. W. Harrison, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 93, 3297 (1971); (b) R. H. Cox and H. W. Terry, J. Magn. Reson. 14, 317 (1974).
43. (a) R. H. Cox, H. W. Terry and L. W. Harrison, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 93, 3297 (1971); (b) R. H. Cox and H. W. Terry, J. Magn. Reson. 14, 317 (1974).
44. (a) F. Pauer, J. Rocha and D. Stalke, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1477 (1991); (b) T. Pietrass and P. K. Burkert, Magn. Reson. Chem. 31, 709 (1993); H. Gornitzka and D. Stalke, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 33, 693 (1994).
45. (a) F. Pauer, J. Rocha and D. Stalke, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1477 (1991); (b) T. Pietrass and P. K. Burkert, Magn. Reson. Chem. 31, 709 (1993); H. Gornitzka and D. Stalke, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 33, 693 (1994).
46. (a) F. Pauer, J. Rocha and D. Stalke, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1477 (1991); (b) T. Pietrass and P. K. Burkert, Magn. Reson. Chem. 31, 709 (1993); H. Gornitzka and D. Stalke, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 33, 693 (1994).
47. T. Pietrass and P. K. Burkert, Z. Naturforsch., Teil B 48, 1555 (1993).
48. (a) W. E. Rhine and G. D. Stucky, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 97, 737 (1975); (b) A. Hammel, W. Schwarz and J. Weidlein, Acta Crystallogr., Sect. C 46, 2337 (1990); J. J. Brooks, W. Rhine and G. D. Stucky, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 94, 7346 (1972); J. J. Brooks and G. D. Stucky, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 94, 7333 (1972).
49. (a) W. E. Rhine and G. D. Stucky, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 97, 737 (1975); (b) A. Hammel, W. Schwarz and J. Weidlein, Acta Crystallogr., Sect. C 46, 2337 (1990); J. J. Brooks, W. Rhine and G. D. Stucky, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 94, 7346 (1972); J. J. Brooks and G. D. Stucky, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 94, 7333 (1972).
50. (a) W. E. Rhine and G. D. Stucky, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 97, 737 (1975); (b) A. Hammel, W. Schwarz and J. Weidlein, Acta Crystallogr., Sect. C 46, 2337 (1990); J. J. Brooks, W. Rhine and G. D. Stucky, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 94, 7346 (1972); J. J. Brooks and G. D. Stucky, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 94, 7333 (1972).
51. (a) W. E. Rhine and G. D. Stucky, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 97, 737 (1975); (b) A. Hammel, W. Schwarz and J. Weidlein, Acta Crystallogr., Sect. C 46, 2337 (1990); J. J. Brooks, W. Rhine and G. D. Stucky, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 94, 7346 (1972); J. J. Brooks and G. D. Stucky, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 94, 7333 (1972).
52. W. Baumann, Y. Oprunenko and H. Günther, Z. Naturforsch., Teil A 50, 429 (1995).
53. H. Kiljunen and T. A. Hase, J. Org. Chem. 56, 6950 (1991).
54. J. P. Amoureux, C. Fernandez and P. Granger, in Multinuclear Magnetic Resonance in Liquids and Solids - Chemical Applications, edited by P. Granger and R. K. Harris, Chapt. XXII. Kluwer, Dordrecht (1990).