Plausibility and recovery from garden paths: An eye-tracking study

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning Memory and Cognition

Volumn 24, Issue 4, 1998, Pages 940-961

  Pickering, Martin J ^a   Traxler, Matthew J ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW   (United Kingdom)

^b FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0032364916     PISSN: 02787393     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/0278-7393.24.4.940     Document Type: Article

References (57)

1. Abney, S. P. (1989). A computational model of human parsing. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 18, 129-144.
2. Altmann, G. T. M., Garnham, A., & Dennis, Y. I. L. (1992). Avoiding the garden path: Eye-movements in context. Journal of Memory & Language, 31, 685-712.
3. Altmann, G. T. M., Gamham, A., & Henstra, J. A. (1994). Effects of syntax in human sentence parsing: Evidence against a structure-based parsing mechanism. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 20, 209-216.
4. Altmann, G. T. M., & Steedman, M. J. (1988). Interaction with context during human sentence processing. Cognition, 30, 191-238.
5. Bever, T. G. (1970). The cognitive basis for linguistic structures. In J. R. Hayes (Ed.), Cognition and the development of language (pp. 279-362). New York: Wiley.
6. Boland, J. E., Tanenhaus, M. K., Gamsey, S. M., & Carlson, G. N. (1995). Verb argument structure in parsing and interpretation: Evidence from wh-quesuons. Journal of Memory and Language, 34, 774-806.
7. Britt, M. A. (1994). The interaction of referential ambiguity and argument structure in the parsing of prepositional phrases. Journal of Memory and Language, 33, 251-283.
8. Britt, M. A., Perfetti, C. A., Garrod, S. C., & Rayner, K. (1992). Parsing in context: Context effects and their limits. Journal of Memory and Language, 31, 293-314.
9. Cacciari, C., & Glucksberg, S. (1994). Understanding figurative language. In M. A. Gernsbacher (Ed.), Handbook of psycholinguistics (pp. 447-477). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
10. Clifton, C., Jr. (1993). Thematic roles in sentence parsing. Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology, 47, 222-246.
11. Crocker, M. W. (1996). Computational psycholinguistics: An interdisciplinary approach to the study of language. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer.
12. Ehrlich, K., & Rayner, K. (1983). Pronoun assignment and semantic integration during reading: Eye movements and immediacy of processing. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 22, 75-87.
13. Ferreira, F., & Clifton, C., Jr. (1986). The independence of syntactic processing. Journal of Memory and Language, 25, 348-368.
14. Ferreira, F., & Henderson, J. (1990). Use of verb information in syntactic parsing: Evidence from eye movements and word-by-word self-paced reading. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 16, 555-568.
15. Ferreira, F., & Henderson, J. (1991). Recovery from misanalyses of garden-path sentences. Journal of Memory and Language, 30, 725-745.
16. Frazier, L. (1979). On comprehending sentences: Syntactic parsing strategies. West Bend, IN: Indiana University Linguistics Club.
17. Frazier, L. (1987). Sentence processing: A tutorial review. In M. Coltheart (Ed.), Attention and performance XII: The psychology of reading (pp. 559-586). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
18. Frazier, L., & Rayner, K. (1982). Making and correcting errors during sentence comprehension: Eye movements in the analysis of structurally ambiguous sentences. Cognitive Psychology, 14, 178-210.
19. Frazier, L., & Rayner, K. (1990). Taking on semantic commitments: Processing multiple meanings vs. multiple senses. Journal of Memory and Language, 29, 181-200.
20. Garnsey, S., Pearlmutter, N. J., Myers, J., & Lotocky, M. C. (1997). The contributions of verb bias and plausibility to the comprehension of temporarily ambiguous sentences. Journal of Memory and Language, 37, 58-93.
21. Garrod, S. C., Freudenthal, D., & Boyle, E. (1994). The role of different types of anaphor in the on-line resolution of sentences in a discourse. Journal of Memory and Language, 33, 39-68.
22. Gibbs, R., Jr. (1994). Figurative thought and figurative language. In M. A. Gernsbacher (Ed.), Handbook of psycholinguistics (pp. 411-446). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
23. Glucksberg, S., Gildea, P., & Bookin, H. B. (1982). On understanding non-literal speech: Can people ignore metaphors? Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 21, 85-98.
24. Gorrell, P. (1995). Syntax and perception. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
25. Holmes, V. M., Kennedy, A., & Murray, W. (1987). Syntactic structure and the garden path. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Experimental Psychology, 39A, 277-294.
26. Holmes, V. M., Stowe, L., & Cupples, L. (1989). Lexical expectations in parsing complement-verb sentences. Journal of Memory and Language, 28, 668-689.
27. Inhoff, A. W., Lima, S. D., & Carroll, P. J. (1984). Contextual effects on metaphor comprehension in reading. Memory & Cognition, 2, 558-567.
28. Kennedy, A., Murray, W., Jennings, F., & Reid, C. (1989). Parsing complements: Comments on the generality of the principle of minimal attachment. Language and Cognitive Processes, 4, 51-76.
29. Kucera, H., & Francis, W. N. (1986). Computational analysis of present-day American English. Providence, RI: Brown University Press.
30. MacDonald, M. C. (1994). Probabilistic constraints and syntactic ambiguity resolution. Language and Cognitive Processes, 9, 157-201.
31. MacDonald, M. C., Pearlmutter, N. J., & Seidenberg, M. S. (1994). Lexical nature of syntactic ambiguity resolution. Psychological Review, 101, 676-703.
32. Marslen-Wilson, W. D. (1973). Linguistic structure and speech shadowing at very short latencies. Nature, 244, 522-523.
33. Marslen-Wilson, W. D. (1975). Sentence perception as an interactive parallel process. Science, 189, 226-228.
34. Marslen-Wilson, W. D., Tyler, L. K., & Koster, C. (1994). Integrative processes in utterance resolution. Journal of Memory and Language, 33, 647-666.
35. Mitchell, D. C. (1987). Lexical guidance in human parsing: Locus and processing characteristics. In M. Coltheart (Ed.), Attention and performance XII: The psychology of reading (pp. 601-618). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
36. Mitchell, D. C., Corley, M. M. B., & Garnham, A. (1992). Effects of context in human sentence parsing: Evidence against a discourse-based proposal mechanism. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 18, 69-88.
37. Ortony, A., Schallert, D. L., Reynolds, R. E., & Antos, S. J. (1978). Interpreting metaphors and idioms: Some effects of context on comprehension. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 17, 465-477.
38. Pickering, M. J. (1994). Processing local and unbounded dependencies: A unified account. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 23, 323-352.
39. Pickering, M. J., Traxler, M. J., & Cracker, M. W. (1998). Ambiguity resolution in sentence processing: Evidence against likelihood. Unpublished manuscript.
40. Pritchett, B. (1992). Grammatical competence and parsing performance. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
41. Rayner, K., Carlson, M., & Frazier, L. (1983). The interaction of syntax and semantics during sentence processing: Eye movements in the analysis of semantically biased sentences. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 22, 358-374.
42. Rayner, K., & Duffy, S. (1986). Lexical complexity and fixation times in reading: Effects of word frequency, verb complexity, and lexical ambiguity. Memory & Cognition, 14, 191-201.
43. Rayner, K., & Frazier, L. (1987). Parsing temporarily ambiguous complements. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 39, 657-673.
44. Rayner, K., Garrod, S. C., & Perfetti, C. A. (1992). Discourse influences in parsing are delayed. Cognition, 45, 109-139.
45. Rayner, K., & Pollatsek, A. (1989). The psychology of reading. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
46. Spivey-Knowlton, M., Trueswell, J., & Tanenhaus, M. K. (1993). Context and syntactic ambiguity resolution. Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology, 47, 276-309.
47. Stowe, L. (1989). Thematic structures and sentence comprehension. In G. N. Carbon and M. K. Tanenhaus (Eds.), Linguistic structure in language processing (pp. 319-356). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer.
48. Sturt, P., & Crocker, M. W. (1996). Monotonic syntactic processing: A cross-linguistic study of attachment and reanalysis. Language and Cognitive Processes, 11, 449-494.
49. Swinney, D. A. (1979). Lexical access during sentence comprehension: (Re)consideration of context effects. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 15, 681-689.
50. Tabossi, P. (1988). Effects of context on the immediate interpretation of unambiguous nouns. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 14, 153-162.
51. Taraban, R., & McClelland, J. R. (1988). Constituent attachment and thematic role assignment in sentence processing: Influence of content-based expectations. Journal of Memory and Language, 27, 597-632.
52. Traxler, M. J., & Pickering, M. J. (1996). Plausibility and the processing of unbounded dependencies: An eye-tracking study. Journal of Memory and Language, 35, 454-475.
53. Trueswell, J., & Tanenhaus, M. K. (1991). Tense, temporal context, and syntactic ambiguity resolution. Language and Cognitive Processes, 6, 303-338.
54. Trueswell, J., Tanenhaus, M. K., & Garnsey, S. (1994). Semantic influences on parsing: Use of thematic role information in syntactic disambiguation. Journal of Memory and Language, 33, 285-318.
55. Trueswell, J., Tanenhaus, M. K., & Kello, C. (1993). Verb-specific constraints in sentence processing: Separating effects of lexical preference from garden-paths. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 19, 528-553.
56. Tyler, L. K., & Marslen-Wilson, W. D. (1977). The on-line effects of semantic context on syntactic processing. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 16, 683-692.
57. Warner, J., & Glass, A. L. (1987). Context and distance-to-disambiguation effects in ambiguity resolution: Evidence from grammaticality judgments of garden path sentences. Journal of Memory and Language, 26, 714-738.