The bodies of Christ as international bodies: The Holy See, wom(b)an and the Cairo conference

Review of International Studies

Volumn 24, Issue 1, 1998, Pages 101-118

  Neale, Palena R ^a  

^a NONE

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EID: 0032358690     PISSN: 02602105     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0260210598001016     Document Type: Article

References (62)

1. I would like to draw attention to the terms Body of Christ and bodies of Christ and how I shall be employing them within this article. The term 'Body of Christ' is theologically understood as the Church universal or the home of all the Christian faithful on earth, regardless of denomination. I shall often be employing the term 'bodies of Christ' to refer specifically to the various institutional pillars within Catholicism, namely, the Catholic Church, the Holy See, the Vatican City State and the papacy.
2. E. H. Cardinale, The Holy See and the International Order (England, 1976), pp. 23-56; P. Hebblethwaite, In the Vatican (Oxford, 1986), pp. 12-24.
3. E. H. Cardinale, The Holy See and the International Order (England, 1976), pp. 23-56; P. Hebblethwaite, In the Vatican (Oxford, 1986), pp. 12-24.
4. Hebblethwaite, In the Vatican, pp. 12-51.
5. For many centuries until the pontificate of Pius IX (r. 1846-78) the Roman Pontiff exercised temporal power over a territory known as the Papal State, the Patrimony of Peter or the Church States located in central Italy. As the movement for Italian unity grew and the French troops departed from Rome, the Italian royal troops following government orders for the annexation of the city of Rome seized the city in 1870 to install Rome as the capital of a unified Italy. Despite the surrender of Rome, the Pope refused to relinquish his claims to temporal power and continued to lay claim to the territorial rights over the extinct Papal States; this was to become the 'Roman Question' (Cardinale, Holy See, pp. 99-112).
6. Cardinale, Holy See, pp. 28-35.
7. According to The Encyclopaedia of Catholicism, the Holy See has multiple meanings. The Holy See may refer to the Pope's 'see' or diocese (the authority and jurisdiction of a bishop) encompassing the Vatican City as well as Rome. It may also refer to the government of the Church, meaning the Pope, the Roman Curia and the College of Cardinals together. It is also referred to as the Apostolic See and reters to the Pope's 'authority, jurisdiction and sovereignty' in both the spiritual and temporal governance of the Church and the Vatican City.
8. Cardinale, Holy See, pp. 25-34.
9. M. Foucault, The History of Sexuality, vol. 1: An Introduction (Canada, 1978), pp. 152-9.
10. Cardinale, Holy See, pp. 37-56.
11. M. Bremner, 'Background Notes: The Holy See, September 1995' (Bureau of Public Affairs, 1995, gopher://dosfan.lib.uic.edu).
12. Ibid.
13. Cardinale, Holy See, pp. 28-9.
14. 'Alternative trinity' refers to something other than the one and only recognized trinity within Christianity, namely, the Father, Son and Holy Spirit.
15. Pope John Paul II, Mulieris Dignitatem, On the Dignity and Vocation of Women on the Occasion of the Marion Year (Ottawa, 1988).
16. Pope Paul VI, Marialis Cultis, Devotion to The Blessed Virgin Mary (Ottawa, 1974), p. 32.
17. T. Davey, 'Marriage and Sexuality', in A. Hastings (ed.), Modern Catholicism: Vatican II and After (Oxford, 1991), p. 267.
18. Ibid., pp. 267-71.
19. Pope Paul VI, Humanae Vitae, On Human Life (London, 1968), nos. 10-13, pp. 16-17.
20. Ibid., n.14, pp. 15-16.
21. R. Radford Ruether, 'The Place of Women in the Church', in Hastings (ed.), Modern Catholicism, p. 263.
22. Catechism of the Catholic Church (London, 1994), nos. 2271-3, pp. 489-90.
23. Ibid., nos. 2270-5, 2319-23, pp. 489-90, 498-9.
24. According to Cardinal Ratzinger, there are two exceptions to the complete ban on abortion, and both involve a 'direct' threat to the mother's life, namely, uterine cancer involving the removal of the diseased organ, and an ectopic pregnancy whereby the egg becomes implanted in the fallopian tube. In both instances, each medical intervention 'directly' targets a life-threatening medical condition to save the life of the mother where the 'indirect' effect may result in the termination of a pregnancy. For more detail see J. Ratzinger, Human Life under Threat (London, 1991).
25. J. Hurst, The History of Abortion in the Catholic Church: The Untold Story (Washington, 1990), pp. 1-3.
26. T. Potts, 'Homosexuality', in Hastings (ed.), Modern Catholicism, pp. 276-8.
27. United Nations Fund for Population Activities (UNFPA), 'Press Summary of Key Action Recommendations from the International Conference on Population and Development', 13 Sept. 1994, p. 2.
28. 19 March 1994, L'Osservatore Romano English Edition, 20 Apr. 1994, p. 1.
29. D. Shannon, 'The Vatican and the Cairo Conference', Conscience', 15 (1994/5), p. 4.
30. F. Kissling, 'Women and Religious Conservatism', Conscience, 16 (1995/6), pp. 7-10; R. Ruether, 'The Vatican and Islam', Conscience, 15 (1994/5), pp. 20-1; Shannon, 'Vatican and the Cairo Conference', pp. 3-10.
31. F. Kissling, 'Women and Religious Conservatism', Conscience, 16 (1995/6), pp. 7-10; R. Ruether, 'The Vatican and Islam', Conscience, 15 (1994/5), pp. 20-1; Shannon, 'Vatican and the Cairo Conference', pp. 3-10.
32. F. Kissling, 'Women and Religious Conservatism', Conscience, 16 (1995/6), pp. 7-10; R. Ruether, 'The Vatican and Islam', Conscience, 15 (1994/5), pp. 20-1; Shannon, 'Vatican and the Cairo Conference', pp. 3-10.
33. 18 March 1994, L'Osserratore Romano English Edition, 23 Mar. 1994, p. 1.
34. 19 March 1994, L'Osservatore Romano English Edition, 20 Apr. 1994, p. 1.
35. C. Bernstein and M. Politi, His Holiness: John Paul II and the Hidden History of our Time (New York, 1996), p. 524; Vatican Information Service, ' International Year of the Family and Conference on Population Control', 25 Mar. 1994.
36. C. Bernstein and M. Politi, His Holiness: John Paul II and the Hidden History of our Time (New York, 1996), p. 524; Vatican Information Service, ' International Year of the Family and Conference on Population Control', 25 Mar. 1994.
37. D. Maguire, 'Good Religion, Good Politics', Conscience, 15 (1994/5), pp. 11-12; Ruether, 'Vatican and Islam', pp. 20-1; Shannon, 'Vatican and the Cairo Conference', pp. 3-10.
38. D. Maguire, 'Good Religion, Good Politics', Conscience, 15 (1994/5), pp. 11-12; Ruether, 'Vatican and Islam', pp. 20-1; Shannon, 'Vatican and the Cairo Conference', pp. 3-10.
39. D. Maguire, 'Good Religion, Good Politics', Conscience, 15 (1994/5), pp. 11-12; Ruether, 'Vatican and Islam', pp. 20-1; Shannon, 'Vatican and the Cairo Conference', pp. 3-10.
40. Pope John Paul II quoted in Shannon 'Vatican and the Cairo Conference', pp. 3-10.
41. Cardinal Trujillo quoted ibid., p. 6.
42. C. Gould, 'Hellfire and Diplomacy', Conscience, 15 (1994/5), pp. 14-19; Ruether, 'Vatican and Islam', pp. 20-1; Shannon, 'Vatican and the Cairo Conference', pp. 3-10; New York Times, 18 Aug. 1994, p. A1.
43. C. Gould, 'Hellfire and Diplomacy', Conscience, 15 (1994/5), pp. 14-19; Ruether, 'Vatican and Islam', pp. 20-1; Shannon, 'Vatican and the Cairo Conference', pp. 3-10; New York Times, 18 Aug. 1994, p. A1.
44. C. Gould, 'Hellfire and Diplomacy', Conscience, 15 (1994/5), pp. 14-19; Ruether, 'Vatican and Islam', pp. 20-1; Shannon, 'Vatican and the Cairo Conference', pp. 3-10; New York Times, 18 Aug. 1994, p. A1.
45. C. Gould, 'Hellfire and Diplomacy', Conscience, 15 (1994/5), pp. 14-19; Ruether, 'Vatican and Islam', pp. 20-1; Shannon, 'Vatican and the Cairo Conference', pp. 3-10; New York Times, 18 Aug. 1994, p. A1.
46. J. Navarro-Valls, quoted in Shannon, 'Vatican and the Cairo Conference', p. 8.
47. Los Angeles Times, 6 Sept. 1994, p. A1; New York Times, 1 Sept. 1994, p. A1, and 9 Sept. 1994, p. 5; International Herald Tribune, 8 Sept. 1994, p. 1; Press release, UN Information Officer, POP/CAI/15, 8 Sept. 1994.
48. Los Angeles Times, 6 Sept. 1994, p. A1; New York Times, 1 Sept. 1994, p. A1, and 9 Sept. 1994, p. 5; International Herald Tribune, 8 Sept. 1994, p. 1; Press release, UN Information Officer, POP/CAI/15, 8 Sept. 1994.
49. Los Angeles Times, 6 Sept. 1994, p. A1; New York Times, 1 Sept. 1994, p. A1, and 9 Sept. 1994, p. 5; International Herald Tribune, 8 Sept. 1994, p. 1; Press release, UN Information Officer, POP/CAI/15, 8 Sept. 1994.
50. Los Angeles Times, 6 Sept. 1994, p. A1; New York Times, 1 Sept. 1994, p. A1, and 9 Sept. 1994, p. 5; International Herald Tribune, 8 Sept. 1994, p. 1; Press release, UN Information Officer, POP/CAI/15, 8 Sept. 1994.
51. UN Briefing No. 15, 9 Sept. 1994.
52. UN, Population and Development: Programme of Action Adopted at the International Conference on Population and Development, Cairo, 5-13 September 1994 (New York, 1995), pp. 1, 4.
53. Archbishop Martino, 'A Plea for a Diversity of Voices', Catholic International, 6 (1994), pp. 18-22.
54. Ibid., p. 19.
55. Ibid., pp. 18-19.
56. Ibid., pp. 20-1.
57. Ibid., p. 22.
58. Shannon, 'Vatican and the Cairo Conference', pp. 3-10.
59. New York Times, 8 Sept. 1994, p. A1.
60. Ibid., 18 Aug. 1994, p. A1.
61. Ruether, 'Vatican and Islam', p. 20.
62. Kissling, 'Women and Religious Conservatism', pp. 7-10.