When interviewers desire to confirm negative expectations: Self-fulfilling prophecies and inflated applicant self-perceptions

Basic and Applied Social Psychology

Volumn 20, Issue 3, 1998, Pages 175-190

  Judice, T Nicole ^a   Neuberg, Steven L ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA   (United States)

^b ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0032351735     PISSN: 01973533     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1207/s15324834basp2003_1     Document Type: Article

References (58)

1. Bakeman, R., & Gottman, J. M. (1986). Observing interaction: An introduction to sequential analysis. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
2. Binning, J. F., & Barrett, G. V. (1989). Validity of personnel decisions: A conceptual analysis of the inferential and evidential bases. Journal of Applied Psychology, 74, 478-494.
3. Brophy, J. E. (1983). Research on the self-fulfilling prophecy and teacher expectations. Journal of Educational Psychology, 75, 631-661.
4. Christensen, D., & Rosenthal, R. (1982). Gender and nonverbal decoding skill as determinants of interpersonal expectation effects. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 42, 75-87.
5. Cooper, H., & Hazelrigg, P. (1988). Personality moderators of interpersonal expectation effects: An integrative research review. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 55, 937-949.
6. Copeland, J. T. (1994). Prophecies of power: Motivational implications of social power for behavioral confirmation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67, 264-277.
7. Crosby, F., Bromley, S., & Saxe, L. (1980). Recent unobtrusive studies of black and white discrimination and prejudice: A literature review. Psychological Bulletin, 87, 546-563.
8. Darley, J. M., & Fazio, R. H. (1980). Expectation confirmation processes arising in the social interaction sequence. American Psychologist, 35, 867-881.
9. Darley, J. M., Fleming, J. H., Hilton, J. L., & Swann, W. B., Jr. (1988). Dispelling negative expectations: The impact of interaction goals and target characteristics on the expectation confirmation process. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 24, 19-36.
10. Dipboye, R. L. (1982). Self-fulfilling prophecies in the selection/recruitment interview. Academy of Management Review, 7, 579-586.
11. Dipboye, R. L. (1989). Threats to the incremental validity of interviewer judgments. In R. W. Eder & G. R. Ferris (Eds.), The employment interview: Theory, research, and practice (pp. 45-60). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
12. Dipboye, R. L., Stramler, C. S., & Fontenelle, G. A. (1984). The effects of the application on recall of information from the interview. Academy of Management Journal, 27, 561-575.
13. Dovidio, J. F., & Gaertner, S. L. (Eds.). (1986). Prejudice, discrimination, and racism. Orlando, FL: Academic.
14. Eder, R. W., & Ferris, G. R. (Eds.). (1989). The employment interview: Theory, research, and practice. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
15. Eder, R. W., Kacmar, K. M., & Ferris, G. R. (1989). Employment interview research: History and synthesis. In R. W. Eder & G. R. Ferris (Eds.), The employment interview: Theory, research, and practice (pp. 15-31). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
16. Evett, S. R., Devine, P. G., Hirt, E. R., & Price, J. (1994). The role of the hypothesis and the evidence in the trait hypothesis testing process. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 30, 456-481.
17. Feild, H. S., & Gatewood, R. D. (1989). Development of a selection interview: A job content strategy. In R. W. Eder & G. R. Ferris (Eds.), The employment interview: Theory, research, and practice (pp. 145-157). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
18. Fiske, S. T., & Neuberg, S. L. (1990). A continuum of impression formation, from category-based to individuating processes: Influences of information and motivation on attention and interpretation. In M. P. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 23, pp. 1-74). New York: Academic.
19. Frey, D. L., & Gaertner, S. L. (1986). Helping and the avoidance of inappropriate interracial behavior: A strategy that perpetuates a non-prejudiced self-image. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 50, 1083-1090.
20. Gaertner, S. L., & Dovidio, J. F. (1986). The aversive form of racism. In J. F. Dovidio & S. L. Gaertner (Eds.), Prejudice, discrimination, and racism (pp. 61-90). Orlando, FL: Academic.
21. Goffman, E. (1959). The presentation of self in everyday life. Garden City, NY: Doubleday.
22. Grice, H. P. (1975). Logic and conversation. In P. Cole & J. L. Morgan (Eds.), Syntax and semantics: Vol. 3. Speech acts (pp. 95-113). New York: Academic.
23. Hamilton, D. L., Sherman, S. J., & Ruvulo, C. M. (1990). Stereotype-based expectations: Effects on information processing and social behavior. Journal of Social Issues, 46, 35-60.
24. Harris, M. J., & Rosenthal, R. (1985). Mediation of interpersonal expectation effects: 31 meta-analyses. Psychological Bulletin, 97, 363-386.
25. Harris, M. J., & Rosenthal, R. (1986). Counselor and client personality as determinants of counselor expectation effects. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 50, 362-369.
26. Higgins, E. T., & Bargh, J. A. (1987). Social cognition and social perception. Annual Review of Psychology, 38, 369-425.
27. Hilton, J. L., & Darley, J. M. (1985). Constructing other persons: A limit on the effect. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 21, 1-18.
28. Hilton, J. L., & Darley, J. M. (1991). The effects of interaction goals on person perception. In M. P. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 24, pp. 235-267). San Diego, CA: Academic.
29. Hodgins, H. S., & Zuckerman, M. (1993). Beyond selecting information: Biases in spontaneous questions and resultant conclusions. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 29, 387-407.
30. Ickes, W., Patterson, M. L., Rajecki, D. W., & Tanford, S. (1982). Behavioral and cognitive consequences of reciprocal versus compensatory responses to pre-interaction expectations. Social Cognition, 1, 160-190.
31. Kacmar, K. M., Ratcliff, S. L., & Ferris, G. R. (1989). Employment interview research: Internal and external validity. In R. W. Eder & G. R. Ferris (Eds.), The employment interview: Theory, research, and practice (pp. 32-42). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
32. Macan, T. H., & Dipboye, R. L. (1990). The relationship of interviewers' preinterview impressions to selection and recruitment outcomes. Personnel Psychology, 43, 745-768.
33. Macan, T. H., & Dipboye, R. L. (1994). The effects of the application on processing of information from the employment interview. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 24, 1291-1314.
34. Macrae, C. N., Milne, A. B., & Bodenhausen, G. V. (1994). Stereotypes as energy-saving devices: A peek inside the cognitive toolbox. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 66, 37-47.
35. Major, B., Cozzarelli, C., Testa, M., & McFarlin, D. B. (1988). Self-verification versus expectation confirmation in social interaction: The impact of self-focus. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 14, 346-359.
36. McClelland, D. C., Koestner, R., & Weinberger, J. (1989). How do self-attributed and implicit motives differ? Psychological Review, 96, 690-702.
37. Merton, R. K. (1948). The self-fulfilling prophecy. Antioch Review, 8, 193-210.
38. Miller, D. T., & Turnbull, W. (1986). Expectations and interpersonal processes. Annual Review of Psychology, 37, 233-256.
39. Neuberg, S. L. (1989). The goal of forming accurate impressions during social interactions: Attenuating the impact of negative expectations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 56, 374-386.
40. Neuberg, S. L. (1994). Stereotypes, prejudice, and expectation confirmation. In M. P. Zanna & J. M. Olson (Eds.), Psychology of prejudice: The Ontario Symposium (Vol. 7, pp. 103-130). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
41. Neuberg, S. L. (1996). Social motives and expectation-tinged social interactions. In R. M. Sorrentino & E. T. Higgins (Eds.), Handbook of motivation and cognition: The interpersonal context (Vol. 3, pp. 225-261). New York: Guilford.
42. Neuberg, S. L., Judice, T. N., Virdin, L. M., & Carrillo, M. (1993). Perceiver self-presentational goals as moderators of expectation influences: Ingratiation and the disconfirmation of negative expectations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 64, 409-420.
43. Phillips, A. P., & Dipboye, R. L. (1989). Correlational tests of predictions from a process model of the interview. Journal of Applied Psychology, 74, 41-52.
44. Rogers, P. L., Scherer, K. R., & Rosenthal, R. (1971). Content filtering human speech: A simple electronic system. Behavioral Research Methods and Instrumentation, 3, 16-18.
45. Rynes, S. L. (1989). Interviews and applicant attraction: A model. In R. W. Eder & G. R. Ferris (Eds.), The employment interview: Theory, research, and practice (pp. 127-141). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
46. Sechrest, L. (1963). Incremental validity: A recommendation. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 23, 153-158.
47. Skov, R. B., & Sherman, S. J. (1986). Information-gathering processes: Diagnosticity, hypothesis confirmatory strategies, and perceived hypothesis confirmation. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 22, 93-121.
48. Smith, D. M., Neuberg S. L., Judice, T. N., & Biesanz, J. C. (1997). Target complicity in the confirmation and disconfirmation of erroneous perceiver expectations: Immediate and longer-term implications. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73, 974-991.
49. Snyder, M. (1992), Motivational foundations of behavioral confirmation. In M. P. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 25, pp. 67-114). New York: Academic.
50. Snyder, M., & Gangestad, S. (1981). Hypothesis-testing processes. In J. H. Harvey, W. Ickes, & R. F. Kidd (Eds.), New directions in attribution research (Vol. 3, pp. 171-198). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbum Associates, Inc.
51. Snyder, M., & Haugen, J. A. (1995). Why does behavioral confirmation occur? A functional perspective on the role of the target. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 21, 963-974.
52. Snyder, M., & Swann, W. B., Jr. (1978). Hypothesis-testing processes in social interaction. Jounal of Personality and Social Psychology, 36, 1202-1212.
53. Snyder, M., Tanke, E. D., & Berscheid, E. (1977). Social perception and interpersonal behavior: On the self-fulfilling nature of social stereotypes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 35, 656-666.
54. Swann, W. B., Jr., & Ely, R. J. (1984). A battle of wills: Self-verification versus behavioral confirmation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 46, 1287-1302.
55. Trope, Y., & Thompson, E. P. (1997). Looking for truth in all the wrong places? Asymmetric search of individuating information about stereotyped group members. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73, 229-241.
56. Virdin, L. M., & Neuberg, S. L. (1990, August). Is perceived status a moderator of expectation confirmation? Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Psychological Association, Boston.
57. Word, C. O., Zanna, M. P., & Cooper, J. (1974). The nonverbal mediation of self-fulfilling prophecies in inter-racial interaction. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 10, 109-120.
58. Zuckerman, M., Knee, C. R., Hodgins, H. S., & Miyake, K. (1995). Hypothesis confirmation. The joint effect of positive test strategy and acquiescence response set. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 68, 52-60.