Schema research in depression: A Canadian perspective

Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science

Volumn 30, Issue 4, 1998, Pages 213-224

  Rector, Neil A ^a   Segal, Zindel V ^b   Gemar, Michael ^b  

^a CENTRE FOR ADDICTION AND MENTAL HEALTH   (Canada)

^b NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0032350285     PISSN: 0008400X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/h0087064     Document Type: Review

References (59)

1. Adair, J.G., Paivio, A., & Ritchie, P. (1996). Psychology in Canada. Annual Review of Psychology, 47, 341-370.
2. Baldwin, M.W., Carrell, S.E., & Lopez, D.F. (1990). Priming relationship schemas: my advisor and the pope are watching me from the back of my mind. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 26, 5, 435-454.
3. Beck, A.T. (1967). Depression, clinical, experimental and theoretical aspects. New York: Harper & Row.
4. Beck, A.T. (1976). Cognitive therapy and the emotional disorders. New York: International University Press.
5. Beck, A.T. (1983). Cognitive therapy of depression: New perspectives. In P.J. Clayton, & J.E. Barrett (Eds.), Treatment of depression: Old controversies and new approaches. (pp. 265-290). New York: Raven Press.
6. Beck, A.T., Epstein, N., Harrison, R.P., & Emery, G. (1983). Development of the sociotropy-autonomy scale: A measure of personality factors in psychopathology. Unpublished manuscript. Center for Cognitive Therapy, University of Pennsylvania Medical School, Philadelphia, PA.
7. Beck, A.T., Rush, A.J., Shaw, B.F., & Emery, G. (1979). Cognitive therapy of depression. New York: Guilford Press.
8. Beck, J.S. (1995). Cognitive Therapy: Basics and beyond. New York: Guilford Press.
9. Blatt, S.J. (1974). Levels of object representations in anaclitic and introjective depression. The Psychoanalytic Study of the Child, 29, 107-158.
10. Blatt, J.S., Quinlan, D.M., Pilkonis, P.A., & Shea, M.T. (1995). Impact of perfectionism and need for approval on the brief treatment of depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 63, 125-132.
11. Blatt, J.S., & Zuroff, D.C. (1992). Interpersonal relatedness and self-definition: Two prototypes for depression. Clinical Psychology Review, 12, 527-552.
12. Blatt, J.S., Zuroff, D.C., Quinlan, D.M., & Pilkonis, P.A. (1996). Interpersonal factors in brief treatment of depression: further analyses of the national institute of mental health treatment of depression collaborative research program. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 64, 1, 162-171.
13. Canadian Task Force on the Periodic Health Examination (1990). Early detection of depression and prevention of suicide. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 142, 1233-1238.
14. Cane, D.B., Olinger, L.J., Gotlib, I.H., & Kuiper, N.A. (1986). Factor structure of the dysfunctional attitudes scale in a student population. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 42, 307-309.
15. Clark, D.A., Steer, R.A., Beck, A.T., & Ross, L. (1995). Psychometric characteristics of revised sociotropy and autonomy scales in college students. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 33, 325-334.
16. Coyne, J.C. (1976). Toward an interactional description of depression. Psychiatry, 39, 28-40.
17. Coyne, J.C., & Gotlib, I.H. (1983). The role of cognition in depression: a critical appraisal. Psychological Bulletin, 94, 472-505.
18. Coyne, J.C., & Whiffen, V.E. (1995). Issues in personality as diathesis for depression: The case of sociotropy-dependency and autonomy-self-criticism. Psychological Bulletin, 118, 358-378.
19. Craik, F.I.M., & Lockhart, R.S. (1972). Levels of processing: a framework for memory research. Journal of Verbal Learning and Behaviour, 11, 671-684.
20. Craik, F.I.M., & Tulving, E. (1975). Depths of processing and the rentention of words in episodic memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology General, 104, 268-294.
21. Davis, H. (1979a). Self-reference and the encoding of personal information in depression. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 3, 97-110.
22. Derry, P.A., & Kuiper, N.A. (1981). Schematic processing and self-reference in clinical depression. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 90, 286-297.
23. Dobson, K.S., & Shaw, B.F. (1987). The specificity and stability of self-referential encoding in clinical depression. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 96, 34-40.
24. Gotlib, I.H., & Cane, D.B. (1987). Construct accessibility and clinical depression: a longitudinal investigation. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 96, 199-204.
25. Gotlib, I.H., & McCann, C.D. (1984). Construct accessibility and depression: an examination of cognitive and affective factors. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 47, 427-439.
26. Hasher, L., Rose, K.C., Zacks, R.T., Sanft, H., & Doren, B. (1985). Mood, recall and selectivity effects in normal college students. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 114, 104-118.
27. Higgins, E.T. (1987). Self-discrepancy: A theory relating self and affect. Psychological Review, 94, 319-340.
28. Hollon, S.D., & Kriss, M.R. (1984). Cognitive factors in clinical research and practice. Clinical Psychology Review, 4, 35-76.
29. Imber, S.D., Pilkonis, P.A., Sotsky, S.M., Elkin, L., Watkins, J.T., Collins, J.F., Shea, M.T., Leber, W.R., & Glass, D.R. (1990). Mode-specific effects among three treatments for depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 58, 352-359.
30. Ingram, R.E., Miranda, J., & Segal, Z.V. (1998). Cognitive vulnerability to depression. New York: Guilford.
31. Kovacs, M., & Beck, A.T. (1978). Maladaptive cognitive structures in depression. American Journal of Psychiatry, 145, 525-533.
32. Kuiper, N.A., & MacDonald, M.R. (1982). Self and other perceptions in mild depression. Social Cognition, 3, 223-239.
33. Kuiper, N.A., & MacDonald, M.R. (1983). Schematic processing in depression: The self-based consensus bias. Cognitive Theory and Research, 7, 469-484.
34. Kuiper, N.A., & Olinger, L.J. (1986). Dysfunctional attitudes and a self-worth contingency model of depression. In P.C. Kendall (Ed.), Advances in cognitive-behavioural research and therapy (pp.115-142). Orlando, FL: Academic Press.
35. Kuiper, N.A., Olinger, J.L., MacDonald, M.R., & Shaw, B.F. (1985). Self-schema processing of depressed and nondepressed content: The effects of vulnerability to depression. Social Cognition, 3, 77-93.
36. Lockhart, R.S., & Craik, F.I.M. (1990). Levels of processing: a retrospective commentary on a framework for memory research. Canadian Journal of Psychology, 44, 87-112.
37. MacDonald, M.R., & Kuiper, N.A. (1984). Self-schema decision consistency in clinical depression. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 2, 264-272.
38. Moretti, M.M., Segal, Z.V., McCann, C.D., Shaw, B.F., Miller, D.T., & Vella, D. (1996). Self-referent versus other-referent information processing in dysphoric, clinically depressed, and remitted depressed subjects. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 22, 1, 68-80.
39. Nasby, W., & Kihlstrom, J.F. (1986). Cognitive assessment of personality and psychopathology. In R.E. Ingram (Ed.), Information processing approaches to clinical psychology. Orlando, FL: Academic Press.
40. Padesky, C. (1994). Schema change processes in cognitive therapy. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 1, 267-278.
41. Robins, C.J., Bagby, R.M., Rector, N.A., Lynch, T.R., & Kennedy, S. (1997). Comparing dimensional and categorical approaches to the relations of sociotropy and autonomy symptoms in patients with major depression. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 21, 285-300.
42. Robins, C.J., Ladd, J., Welkowitz, J., Blaney, P.H., Diaz, R., & Kutcher, G. (1994). The Personal Style Inventory: Preliminary validation studies of new measures of sociotropy and autonomy. Journal of Psychopathology & Behavioural Assessment, 16, 277-300.
43. Rogers, T.B., Kuiper, N.A., & Kirker, W.S. (1977). Self-reference and the encoding of personal information. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 35, 9, 677-688.
44. Safran, J.D. (1990). Towards a refinement of cognitive therapy in light of interpersonal theory: 1. Theory. Clinical Psychology Review, 10, 87-105.
45. Segal, Z.V. (1988). Appraisal of the self-schema construct in cognitive models of depression. Psychological Bulletin, 103, 2, 147-161.
46. Segal, Z.V., & Dobson, K.S. (1992). Cognitive models of depression: report from a consensus development conference. Psychological Inquiry, 3, 219-224.
47. Segal, Z.V., Gemar, M., Truchon, C., Guirguis, M., & Horowitz, L.M. (1995). A priming methodology for studying self-representation in major depressive disorder. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 104, 1, 205-213.
48. Segal, Z.V., Gemar, M., & Williams S. (in press). Differential cognitive response to a mood challenge following successful cognitive therapy or pharmacotherapy for unipolar depression. Journal of Abnormal Psychology.
49. Segal, Z.V., Hood, J.E., Shaw, B.F., & Higgins, E.T. (1988). A structural analysis of the self-schema construct in major depression. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 12, 471-485.
50. Segal, Z.V., & Shaw, B.F. (1996). Cognitive therapy. Annual review of psychiatry, Vol. 15, (pp.). Washington: American Psychiatric Press.
51. Segal, Z.V., & Vella, D.D. (1990). Self-schema in major depression: replication and extension of a priming methodology. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 14, 2, 161-176.
52. Sotsky, S.M., Glass, D.R., Shea, M.T., Pilkonis, P.A., Collins, J.F., Elkin, I., Watkins, J.T., Imber, S.D., Leber, W.R., Moyer, J., & Oliveri, M.E. (1991). Patient predictors of response to psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy: findings in the NIMH treatment of depression collaborative research program. American Journal of Psychiatry, 148, 997-1008.
53. Stroop, J.R. (1935). Studies of interference in serial verbal reactions. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 18, 643-662.
54. Teasdale, J.D., & Barnard, P.J. (1993). Affect, cognition, and change: Re-modelling depressive thought. Hillsdale: Lawrence Erlbaum.
55. Weissman, A.N., & Beck, A.T. (1978, November). Development and validation of the dysfunctional attitude scale: a preliminary investigation. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, Toronto, Canada.
56. Williams, J.M.G., Mathews, A., & MacLeod, C. (1996). The emotional Stroop task and psychopathology. Psychological Bulletin, 120, 3-24.
57. Williams, J.M., Watts, F.N., MacLeod, C., & Mathews, A. (1997). Cognitive psychology and emotional disorders. (Second Edition). Toronto: Wiley.
58. Zuroff, D.C., Igreja, I., & Mongrain, M. (1990). Dysfunctional attitudes, dependency, and self-criticism as predictors of depressive mood states: A 12-month longitudinal study. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 14, 315-326.
59. Zuroff, D.Z., & Mongrain, M. (1987). Dependency and self-criticism: Vulnerability factors for depressive affective states. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 96, 14-22.