Processing quantitative data about risk and threat in news reports

Journal of Communication

Volumn 48, Issue 3, 1998, Pages 87-106

  Berger, Charles R ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0032327630     PISSN: 00219916     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-2466.1998.tb02761.x     Document Type: Article

References (60)

1. Anderson, N. S. (1987). Cognition, learning, and memory. In M. A. Baker (Ed.), Sex differences in human performance (pp. 37-54). New York: Wiley.
2. Baesler, E. J. (1991). Message processing of evidence and the long term retention and judgment of beliefs. (Doctoral dissertation, University of Arizona, 1991). Dissertation Abstracts International, 52, 737.
3. Baesler, E. J., & Burgoon, J. K. (1994). The temporal effects of story and statistical evidence on belief change. Communication Research, 21, 582-602.
4. Bar-Hillel, M. (1980). The base-rate fallacy in probability judgments. Acta Psychologica, 44, 211-233.
5. Berger, C. R. (1989). Goals, plans and discourse comprehension. In J. J. Bradac (Ed.), Message effects in communication science (pp. 75-101). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
6. Berger, C. R. (1993). Obiettivi elevati, piani ordinari, e l'elaborazione del contentuto dei mass media [Lofty goals, mundane plans, and the elaboration of mass media content]. In A. Pennacini (Ed.), Retorica e communicazione: Teoria e pratica della persuasione nella societa contemporanea (pp. 123-152). Alessandria, Italy: Edizioni dell'Orso.
7. Berger, C. R. (1997). Planning strategic interaction: Attaining goals through communicative action. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
8. Brosius, H. B. (1993). The effects of emotional pictures in television news. Communication Research. 20, 105-124.
9. Brosius, H. B., & Bathelt. A. (1994). The utility of exemplars in persuasive communications. Communication Research. 21, 48-78.
10. Carberry, S. (1990). Plan recognition in natural language dialogue. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
11. Chaiken, S. (1987). The heuristic model of persuasion. In M. P. Zanna, J. M. Olson, & C. P. Herman (Eds.), Social influence: The Ontario symposium, Vol. 5 (pp. 3-39). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
12. Collins, A. M. & Loftus, E. F. (1975). A spreading-activation theory of semantic processing. Psychological Review, 82, 407-428.
13. Davis, J. A., & Smith, T. W. (1995). General Social Surveys, 1972-1994. [Cumulative file] [Computer file]. Chicago: National Opinion Research Center (Producer), 1994. Ann Arbor, MI: Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research (Distributor).
14. Dunwoody, S., & Neuwirth, K. (1991). Coming to terms with the impact of communication on scientific and technological risk judgments. In L. Wilkins & P. Patterson (Eds.), Risky business. Communicating issues of science, risk, and public policy (pp. 11-30). New York: Greenwood Press.
15. Easterbrook, J. A. (1959). The effect of emotion on the utilization and the organization of behavior. Psychological Review, 66, 183-201.
16. Ferris, J. (1995, August 14). Hit and runs: Sudden impact, lingering anguish. Sacramento Bee, pp. B1-B2.
17. Fischhoff, B., Slovic, P., & Lichtenstein, S. (1981). Lay foibles and expert fables in judgments about risk. American Statistician, 36, 240-255.
18. Fiske, S. T., & Taylor, S. E. (1991). Social cognition. (2nd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
19. Gibson, R., & Zillmann, D. (1994). Exaggerated versus representative exemplification in news reports. Communication Research, 21, 603-624.
20. Gregory W. L., Cialdini, R. B., & Carpenter, K. M. (1982). Self-relevant scenarios as mediators of likelihood estimates and compliance: Does imagining make it so? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 43, 89-99.
21. Hall, J. A. (1984). Nonverbal sex differences: Communication accuracy and expressive style. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
22. Halpern, D. F. (1992). Sex differences in cognitive abilities (2nd ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
23. Hammond, K. J. (1989). Case-based planning: Viewing planning as a memory task. New York: Academic Press.
24. Hogarth, R. M. (1980). Judgement and choice: The psychology of decision. Chichester, England: Wiley.
25. Hyde, J. S., Fennema, E., & Lamon, S. J. (1990). Gender differences in mathematics performance: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 107, 139-155.
26. Hyde, J. S., & McKinley, N. M. (1997). Gender differences in cognition: Results from meta-analyses. In P. J. Caplan, M. Crawford, J. S. Hyde, & J. T. E. Richardson (Eds.), Gender differences in human cognition (pp. 30-51). New York: Oxford University Press.
27. Iyengar, S. (1991). Is anyone responsible?: How television frames political issues. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
28. Jackson, S. A. (1992). Message effects research: Principles of design and analysis. New York: Guilford Press.
29. Janis, I. L., & Mann. L. (1977). Decision making: A psychological analysis of conflict, choice, and commitment. New York: Free Press.
30. Jepson, C., & Chaiken, S. (1990). Chronic issue-specific fear inhibits systematic processing of persuasive communications. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 5, 61-84.
31. Kahneman, D., Slovic, P., & Tversky, A. (1982). Judgment under uncertainty: Heuristics and biases. New York: Cambridge University Press.
32. Kahneman, D., & Tversky, A. (1982) The simulation heuristic. In D. Kahneman, P. Slovic, & A. Tversky (Eds.), Judgment under uncertainty: Heuristics and biases (pp. 201-208). New York: Cambridge University Press.
33. Knowlton, S. W., & Berger, C. R. (1997). Message planning, communication failure, and cognitive load: Further explorations of the hierarchy principle. Human Communication Research, 24, 4-30.
34. Leary, M. R. (1995). Self-presentation: Impression management and interpersonal behavior. Dubuque, IA: Brown.
35. Maccoby, E. E., & Jacklin, C. N. (1974). The psychology of sex differences. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
36. Mares, M. L. (1996). The role of source confusions in television's cultivation of social reality judgments. Human Communication Research, 23, 278-297.
37. Morgan, M., & Signorielli, N. (1990). Cultivation analysis: Conceptualization and methodology. In N. Signorielli & M. Morgan (Eds.), Cultivation analysis: New directions in media effects research (pp. 13-34). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
38. Nisbett, R. E., & Ross, L. (1980) Human inference: Strategies and shortcomings of social judgment. Englewood Cliffs. NJ: Prentice-Hall.
39. Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (1990). Sex differences in depression. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
40. Paulos, J. A. (1995). A mathematician reads the newspaper. New York: Basic Books.
41. Petty, R. E., & Cacioppo, J. T. (1981). Attitudes and persuasion: Classic and contemporary approaches. Dubuque, IA: Brown.
42. Petty, R. E., & Cacioppo, J. T. (1986). Communication and persuasion: Central and peripheral routes to attitude change. New York: Springer-Verlag.
43. Sarason, I. G., Sarason, B. R., & Pierce, G. R. (1990). Anxiety, cognitive interference, and performance. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality. 5, 1-18.
44. Schank, R. C., & Abelson, R. P. (1977). Scripts, plans, goals and understanding. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
45. Schaub, J. (Reporter). (1996, December 27). KOVR 13 news: The ten o'clock news. Sacramento, CA: KOVR.
46. Schroder, H. M., Driver, H. J., & Streufert, S. (1967). Human information processing: Individuals and groups functioning in complex social situations. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.
47. Sherman, S. J., & Corty, E. (1984). Cognitive heuristics. In R. S. Wyer, Jr. & T. K. Srull (Eds.), Handbook, of social cognition: Vol. 1 (pp. 189-286). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
48. Shrum, L. J., & O'Guinn, T. C. (1993). Process and effects in the construction of social reality: Construct accessibility as an explanatory variable. Communication Research, 20 436-471.
49. Slovic, P. (1987). Perception of risk. Science, 236, 280-285.
50. Taylor, S. E., & Fiske, S. T. (1975). Point of view and perceptions of causality. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 32, 439-445.
51. Taylor, S. E., & Fiske, S. T. (1978). Salience, attention, and attribution: Top of the head phenomena. In L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology: Vol. 11 (pp. 249-288). New York: Academic Press.
52. Taylor, S. E., & Thompson, S. C. (1982). Stalking the elusive "vividness" effect. Psychological Review. 89, 155-181.
53. Tesser, A. (1978). Self-generated attitude change. In L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology: Vol. 11 (pp. 289-238). New York: Academic Press.
54. Tonn, B. E., Goeltz, R. T., Travis, C. B., & Phillippi, R. H. (1991). Risk communication and the cognitive representation of uncertainty. In B. J. Garrick & W. C. Gekler (Eds.), The analysis, communication, and perception of risk (pp. 213-227). New York: Plenum Press.
55. Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1973). Availability. A heuristic for judging frequency and probability. Cognitive Psychology, 5, 207-232.
56. Van Dijk, T. A., & Kintsch, W. (1983). Strategies of discourse comprehension. New York: Academic Press.
57. Wilensky, R. (1983). Planning and understanding: A computational approach to human reasoning. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
58. Winer, B. J. (1971). Statistical principles in experimental design. New York: McGraw-Hill.
59. Zillmann, D., Gibson, R., Ordman, V. J., & Aust, C. F. (1994). Effects of human-interest stories in broadcast news. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 38, 65-78.
60. Zillmann, D., Perkins, J. W., & Sundar, S. S. (1992). Impression-formation effects of printed news varying in descriptive precision and exemplification. Medienpsychologie, 3, 168-185.