Detrital pyrite in Witwatersrand gold reefs: X-ray diffraction evidence and implications for atmospheric evolution

Terra Nova

Volumn 10, Issue 6, 1998, Pages 302-306

  Fleet, Michael E ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN ONTARIO   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARCHEAN; ATMOSPHERE; DETRITAL DEPOSIT; PYRITE; X-RAY DIFFRACTION;

EID: 0032324368     PISSN: 09544879     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-3121.1998.00205.x     Document Type: Article

References (25)

1. Barnicoat, A.C., Henderson, I.H.C., Knipe, R.J., et al, 1997. Hydrothermal gold mineralization in the Witwatersrand basin. Nature, 386, 820-824.
2. Feather, C E. and Koen, G.M., 1975. The mineralogy of the Witwatersrand reefs. Min. Sci. Eng., 7, 189-224.
3. Fleet, M.E., 1970. Structural aspects of the marcasite-pyrite transformation. Can. Mineral., 10, 225-231.
4. Fleet, M.E., MacLean, P.J. and Barbier, J., 1989. Oscillatory-zoned As-bearing pyrite from strata-bound and stratiform gold deposits: an indicator of ore fluid evolution. Econ. Geol. Monogr., 6, 356-362.
5. Fleet, M.E. and Mumin, A H., 1997. Gold-bearing arsenian pyrite and marcasite and arsenopyrite from Carlin Trend gold deposits and laboratory synthesis. Am. Miner., 82, 182-193
6. Frimmel, H E., 1997. Detrital origin of hydrothermal Witwatersrand gold-a review. Terra Nova, 9, 192-197.
7. Graton, L.C., 1930. Hydrothermal origin of the Rand gold deposits. Part I Testimony of the conglomerates. Econ. Geol., 25 (Suppl 3), 1-185
8. Hallbauer, D.K., 1986 The mineralogy and geochemistry of Witwatersrand pyrite, gold, uranium, and carbonaceous matter. In Mineral Deposits of Southern Africa (C.R Anhaeusser and S. Maske, eds) 731-752. Geological Society of South Africa, Johannesburg.
9. Krupp, R , Oberthur, T. and Hirdes, W., 1994. The early Precambrian atmosphere and hydrosphere thermodynamic constraints from mineral deposits Econ Geol , 89, 1581-1598
10. LeFebvre, J -J. and Gasparrini, C., 1980. Florencite, an occurrence in the Zairian copperbelt. Can Mineral., 18, 301-311.
11. MacLean, P.J. and Fleet, M.E , 1989 Detrital pyrite in the Witwatersrand gold fields of South Africa: Evidence from truncated growth banding. Econ. Geol., 84, 2008-2011.
12. MacRae, N.D , Fleet, M.E and Andrews, A. J., 1977. An occurrence of secondary Sulfides in Leg 37 basalts Contr. Miner. Petrol., 63, 309-317.
13. Mellor, E.T., 1916. The conglomerates of the Witwatersrand goldfields. Trans. Inst. Mining Metall., 25, 226-291.
14. Minter, W.E.L., Geodhart, M., Knight, J. and Frimmel, H.E., 1993. Morphology of Witwatersrand gold grains from the Basal Reef: Evidence for their detrital origin. Econ Geol , 88, 237-248.
15. Misra, K.C. and Fleet, M.E., 1974. Chemical composition and stability of violarite. Econ. Geol., 69, 391-403.
16. Myers, R.E., Zhou, T. and Phillips, G.N., 1993 Sulphidation in the Witwatersrand goldfields: evidence from the Middelvlei Reef. Min Mag , 57, 395-405.
17. Ohmoto, H., 1997. When did the Earth's atmosphere become oxic? The Geochem. News., 93, 12-27.
18. Phillips, G.N. and Law, J.D.M., 1997. Hydrothermal origin for Witwatersrand gold SEG Newsletter., 31, 26-33
19. Ramdohr, P., 1958 New observations on the ores of the Witwatersrand in South Africa and their genetic significance. Trans. Geol. Soc S. Afr., 61(annex), 1-50.
20. Robb, L.J., Charlesworth, E G., Drennan, G.R , Gibson, R.L. and Tongu, E.L , 1997. Tectono-metamorphic setting and paragenetic sequence of Au-U mineralisation in the Archean Witwatersrand Basin, South Africa Austral. J. Earth Sci , 44, 353-371
21. Robb, L J. and Meyer, F M., 1995. The Witwatersrand Basin, South Africa: Geological framework and mineralization processes. Ore Geol. Rev., 10, 67-94.
22. Saager, R , 1970. Structures in pyrite from the Basal Reef in the Orange Free State Gold-field Trans. Geol. Soc. S Afr., 73, 29-46.
23. Schidlowski, M., 1981. Uraniferous constituents of the Witwatersrand conglomerates: Ore-microscopic observations and implications for the Witwatersrand metallogeny. Prof Pap US Geol Surv., 1161-N, 1-29.
24. Trurnit, P , 1968. Pressure solution phenomena in detrital rocks. Sediment. Geol., 2, 89-114.
25. Wayne, R.P., 1991. Chemistry of Atmospheres. Clarendon Press, Oxford