Scale formation in a batch reactor under pressure acid leaching of a limonitic laterite

Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly

Volumn 37, Issue 5, 1998, Pages 429-440

  Perdikis, P ^a   Papangelakis, V G ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CHEMICAL REACTORS; ENERGY DISPERSIVE SPECTROSCOPY; IRON OXIDES; PH EFFECTS; SCALE (DEPOSITS); SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; SULFURIC ACID; SURFACE ACTIVE AGENTS; THERMAL EFFECTS;

BATCH REACTORS; HEMATITE; LIMONITIC LATERITE; SCALE FORMATION;

LEACHING;

EID: 0032305539     PISSN: 00084433     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1179/cmq.1998.37.5.429     Document Type: Article

References (29)

1. Hasson, D., Precipitation Fouling. Fouling of Heat Transfer Equipment, ed. E. F. C. Sommerscales and J. G. Knudsen. Hemisphere, NY, 1981, pp. 527-565.
2. Standard Test Method - Laboratory Screening Tests to Determine the Ability of Scale Inhibitors to Prevent the Precipitation of Calcium Sulfate and Calcium Carbonate from Solution (For Oil and Gas Production Systems), National Association of Corrosion Engineers, NACE Standard TM0374-90, Item No. 53023, January 1990.
3. Chaves, R. A., Karelin, V. V. and Sobolev, B. P., Side Reactions During the Sulphuric Acid Process of Extracting Nickel and Cobalt from Cuban Laterites. Tsvetnye Metally, 1972, 41(4), 66-70.
4. Chalkley, M. E., Balán, R., Kranz, H. U. and Sánchez, R., The Acid Pressure Leach Process for Nickel Cobalt Laterite : A Review of Operations at Moa Nickel S.A. Nickel/Cobalt Pressure Leaching & Hydrometallurgy Forum, Alta Metallurgical Services, Victoria, Australia, 1996.
5. Boldt, J. R., The Winning of Nickel, Toronto, Ontario, Canada : Longmans Canada Limited, 1967, pp. 437-453.
6. Queneau, P. B., Doane, R. E., Cooperrider, M. W., Berggren, M. H. and Rey, P., Control of Autoclave Scaling During Acid Pressure Leaching of Nickeliferous Laterite Ore. Metallurgical Transactions B, 1984, 15B, 433-440.
7. Queneau, P. B. and Weir, D. R., Control of Iron During Hydrometallurgical Processing of Nickeliferous Laterite Ores. Iron Control in Hydrometallurgy, ed. J. E. Dutrizac and A. J. Monhemius, 1986, pp. 76-105.
8. Monhemius, A. J., Treatment of Laterite Ores of Nickel to Produce Ferronickel, Matte or Precipitated Sulphide. Extractive Metallurgy of Nickel, ed. A. R. Burkin, Critical Reports on Applied Chemistry, Vol. 17. John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, 1987, pp. 51-75.
9. Sobol, S. I., Secondary Losses of Nickel and Cobalt During Autoclave Leaching of Oxidized Nickel Ores. Tsvetnye Metally, 1972, 45(5), 28-30.
10. Sobol, S. I., Physico-Chermcal Studies of the Composition and Conditions of Formation of the Crust in the Reactors of the Laterite Leaching Plant in the Moa Deposit. Revista Tecnologica, 1969, 7(1), 1-43.
11. Sobol, S. L. Formation and Importance of the Crust during Leaching of Lateritic Ore at Moa Bay (Oriente, Cuba). Revista Tecnologica, 1966, 4(4), 3-19.
12. Georgiou, D., Perdikis, P. and Papangelakis, V. G., Investigating the Behaviour of Iron Solid Products During Direct Acid Leaching of Limonitic Laterites. Separation Processes : Heavy Metals, Ions and Minerals, ed. M. Misra. TMS, Warrendale, Pennsylvania, 1995, pp. 275-286.
13. Chou, E. C., Queneau, P. B. and Rickard, R. S., Sulphuric Acid Pressure Leaching of Nickeliferous Limonites. Metallurgical Transactions B, 1977, 8B, 547-554.
14. Georgiou, D. and Papangelakis, V. G., Sulphuric Acid Pressure Leaching of a Limonitic Latente : Chemistry and Kinetics. Hydrometallurgy, 1998, 49, 23-46.
15. Krause, E., U.S. Patent 5,575,981, Nov. 19, 1996.
16. Lussiez, G. W. and Jha, M. C., U.S. Patent 4,374,101, Feb. 15, 1983.
17. Blakey, B. C. and Papangelakis, V. G., On the Synthesis and Solubility of Hydronium Alunite. EPD Congress 1994, ed. G. W. Warren. TMS, Warrendale, PA, U.S.A., 1994, pp. 3-19.
18. Papangelakis, V. G., Blakey, B. C. and Kambossos, J., Behaviour of Aluminium During Direct Acid Leaching of Limonitic Laterites. Impurity Control and Disposal in Hydrometallurgical Processes, 24th Annual Hydrometallurgical Meeting, ed. B. Harris and E. Krause. Toronto, Ontario, Canada, CIM, 1994, pp. 315-325.
19. Carlson, E. T. and Simons, C. S., Pressure Leaching of Nickeliferous Latentes with Sulphuric Acid. Extractive Metallurgy of Copper Nickel and Cobalt, ed. P. B. Queneau. New York, NY: Interscience Publishers, 1961, pp. 363-397.
20. Zatka, V. J., The Alkalimetric Determination of Free Acid in Leach Liquors, JRGRL, INCO Ltd, Private Communication, February 17, 1975.
21. Bott, T. R., Crystallisation Fouling - Basic Science and Models. Fouling Science and Technology, ed. L. F. Melo, T. R. Bott and L. A. Bernardo, NATO ASI Series, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston, 1988, pp. 251-260.
22. Stumm, W., Chemistry of the Solid-Water Interface, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 1992, pp. 13, 43-56, 75-78.
23. Howie-Meyers, C. L., Yu, K., Elliott, D., Vasudevan, T., Aronson, M. P., Ananthapadmanabhan, K. P. and Somasundaran, P., Crystal Growth Inhibition of Hydroxyapatite by Polycarboxylates, Role of Calcium and Polymer Molecular Weight. Mineral Scale Formation and Inhibition, ed. Z. Amjad, Plenum Press, New York, 1995, pp. 169-182.
24. Dirksen, J. A. and Ring, T. A., Fundamentals of Crystallization : Kinetic Effects on Particle Size Distributions and Morphology. Chemical Engineering Science, 1991, 46(10), 2389-2427.
25. Perdikis, P., Scale Formation in Batch Reactor Under Pressure Acid Leaching of a Limonitic Latente. M.A.Sc. Thesis, Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 1996.
26. Krause, E., Singhal, A., Blakey, B. C., Papangelakis, V. G. and Georgiou, D., Sulphuric acid leaching of nickeliferous latentes. In Hydrometallurgy and Refining of Nickel and Cobalt, ed. W. C. Cooper and I. Mihaylov. CIM, Montreal, 1997, pp. 441-458.
27. Queneau et al., U.S. Patent 4,415,542 11/1983.
28. Sherwood et al., U.S. Patent 4,627,900.
29. S. O. Fekete et al., U.S. Patent 4,098,870, 07/1978.