Citizenship and populism in the New South Africa

Africa Today

Volumn 45, Issue 3-4, 1998, Pages 423-438

  Halisi, C R D ^a  

^a NONE

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EID: 0032285711     PISSN: 00019887     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (45)

1. Francis Fukuyama, "The Next South Africa," South Africa International 22, no. 2 (October 1991): 71-81.
2. Yoav Peled, "Ethnic Democracy and the Legal Construction of Citizenship: Arab Citizen of the Jewish State," The American Political Science Review 86, no. 2 (June 1992): 433.
3. Ghita Ionescu and Ernest Gellner's book remains the most comprehensive collection of scholarly essays on populist thought. In addition to theoretical exploration of the term "populism," actual movements in North America, Latin America, Russia, Eastern Europe, and Africa are examined in separate chapters. Ionescu and Gellner, eds., Populism: Its Meaning and National Characteristics (London: The Macmillan Company, 1969).
4. See C. B. Macpherson, The Real World of Democracy (New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1966), where populism, as well as liberalism and socialism, are identified as main sources of modern democratic thought.
5. The GNU was a coalition of the two dominant parties (the ANC and the NP), until the NP left the government in May 1996 to become an opposition party to the ANC.
6. Alan Scott, Ideology and the New Social Movements (London: Unwin Hyman, 1990), p. 24.
7. For an important distinction between racist social movements and movements of racial liberation, see Eugene Victor Wolfenstein, "Race, Racism, and Racial Liberation," Western Political Quarterly 30, no. 1 (March 1977): 163-182.
8. See my "Racial Proletarianization and Some Contemporary Dimensions of Black Consciousness Thought," in R. Hunt Davis Jr., ed., Apartheid Unravels (Gainesville: University of Florida Press, Center for African Studies, 1991), pp. 77-99. For an earlier attempt to fuse socialism and black nationalism under communist auspices, see Sheridan Johns, "The Comintern, South Africa, and the Black Diaspora," The Review of Politics 37, no. 2 (April 1975): 200-234.
9. See my "Racial Proletarianization and Some Contemporary Dimensions of Black Consciousness Thought," in R. Hunt Davis Jr., ed., Apartheid Unravels (Gainesville: University of Florida Press, Center for African Studies, 1991), pp. 77-99. For an earlier attempt to fuse socialism and black nationalism under communist auspices, see Sheridan Johns, "The Comintern, South Africa, and the Black Diaspora," The Review of Politics 37, no. 2 (April 1975): 200-234.
10. See, for example, Patrick Bond, "Neoliberalism Comes to South Africa," Multinational Monitor 17, no. 8 (May 1996): 8-19.
11. For a critique of these tendencies as misconceptions of the issues faced by the popular democratic movement, see John Saul, "South Africa: The Question of Strategy," New Left Review 160 (November-December 1986): 3-21.
12. See, for example, "The Azanian Manifesto," in Anthony W. Marx, The Lessons of Struggle: South African Internal Opposition, 1960-1990 (New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992), Appendix B, pp. 278-280.
13. Ernesto Laclau, "Towards a Theory of Populism," in his Politics and Ideology in Marxist Theory: Capitalism, Fascism, Populism (London: Verso, 1977), p. 174.
14. Umberto Eco, "Ur-Fascism," The New York Review of Books 42, no. 11 (22 June 1995): 4.
15. See, for example, the special issue of the Journal of Southern African Studies 20, no. 3 (September 1994), edited by Saul Dubow, John Sharp, and Edwin Wilmsen, which is devoted to ethnicity and identity in southern Africa.
16. On this point see Gerhard Mare, Ethnicity and Politics in South Africa (London and New Jersey: Zed Books, 1993), pp. 58-62.
17. I draw this definition from Kenneth Anderson's review of the work of Christopher Lasch. See Anderson, "Heartless World Revisited: Christopher Lasch's Parting Polemic Against the New Class," Times Literary Supplement, no. 4825 (22 September 1995): 4.
18. Christopher Lowe, "Buthelezi, Inkatha, and the Problem of Ethnic Nationalism in South Africa," in Joshua Brown, Patrick Manning, Karin Shapiro, and Jon Wiener, eds., History from South Africa: Alternative Visions and Practices (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1991), p. 203.
19. For an important discussion of the populist implications of Buthelezi's reform strategy, see Lowe, "Buthelezi, Inkatha, and the Problem of Ethnic Nationalism in South Africa," pp. 194-208. For an elaboration of the idea of capitalism as a social movement, see Richard L. Sklar, "Beyond Capitalism and Socialism in Africa," Journal of Modern African Studies 26, no. 1 (March 1988): 1-21.
20. For an important discussion of the populist implications of Buthelezi's reform strategy, see Lowe, "Buthelezi, Inkatha, and the Problem of Ethnic Nationalism in South Africa," pp. 194-208. For an elaboration of the idea of capitalism as a social movement, see Richard L. Sklar, "Beyond Capitalism and Socialism in Africa," Journal of Modern African Studies 26, no. 1 (March 1988): 1-21.
21. Richard L. Sklar, "The African Frontier for Political Science," in Robert H. Bates, V. Y. Mudimbe, and Jean O' Barr, eds., Africa and the Disciplines (Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 1993), p. 87.
22. Rob Amato, Understanding the New Constitution: Everyone's Guide to the Development and Implications of the New South African Constitution (Cape Town: Struik Publishers, 1994), p. 79.
23. For a discussion of the role of chieftaincy in a democratic South Africa, see Khanya B. Motshabi and Shreen G. Volks, "Towards Democratic Chieftaincy: Principles and Procedures," Acta Juridica (1991): 104-115. See also Rich Mkhondo, "Chiefs Fight for Role in Democratic South Africa" (Reuters News Reports via NewsNet [RNO1W], 26 October 1995).
24. For a discussion of the role of chieftaincy in a democratic South Africa, see Khanya B. Motshabi and Shreen G. Volks, "Towards Democratic Chieftaincy: Principles and Procedures," Acta Juridica (1991): 104-115. See also Rich Mkhondo, "Chiefs Fight for Role in Democratic South Africa" (Reuters News Reports via NewsNet [RNO1W], 26 October 1995).
25. Nelson Mandela, Long Walk to Freedom (Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1994).
26. Bill Keller, "The Anti-Mandela," The New York Times Magazine (14 May 1995): 24-29.
27. For a reconsideration of traditional authority by authors who take the claims of postmodernists seriously, see Paul Heelas, Scott Lash, and Paul Morris, eds., Detraditionalization (Cambridge, Mass.: Blackwell Publishers, 1996).
28. Weber's comment is cited in J. Donald Moon, Constructing Community: Moral Pluralism and Tragic Conflicts (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1993), p. 66.
29. I owe the notion of "hypermasculinity" to my discussions with Judith Grant, a member of the University of Southern California Political Science faculty, and to having read and commented on her paper on heavy metal and crossover rap, "Bringing the Noise: Hypermasculinity and the Power of Pose in Heavy Metal and Crossover Rap," Journal of Social Philospohy 27, no. 2 (Fall 1996): 5-30. In addition, for a discussion of hypermasculinity and black liberation see Eugene Victor Wolfenstein, "Reflections on Malcolm X and Black Feminism," paper presented at the 1996 annual meeting of the Western Political Science Association, Portland, 14-16 March.
30. I owe the notion of "hypermasculinity" to my discussions with Judith Grant, a member of the University of Southern California Political Science faculty, and to having read and commented on her paper on heavy metal and crossover rap, "Bringing the Noise: Hypermasculinity and the Power of Pose in Heavy Metal and Crossover Rap," Journal of Social Philospohy 27, no. 2 (Fall 1996): 5-30. In addition, for a discussion of hypermasculinity and black liberation see Eugene Victor Wolfenstein, "Reflections on Malcolm X and Black Feminism," paper presented at the 1996 annual meeting of the Western Political Science Association, Portland, 14-16 March.
31. I take this observation from Mitchell Cohen's review of Will Kymlicka, Multicultural Citizenship: A Liberal Theory of Minority Rights (New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995), entitled "How Do We Make Citizens?" Times Literary Supplement, no. 4847 (23 February 1996): 26.
32. I take this observation from Mitchell Cohen's review of Will Kymlicka, Multicultural Citizenship: A Liberal Theory of Minority Rights (New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995), entitled "How Do We Make Citizens?" Times Literary Supplement, no. 4847 (23 February 1996): 26.
33. Michael J. Sandel, "America's Search for a New Public Philosophy," The Atlantic Monthly 277, no. 3 (March 1996): 57-74.
34. Richard L. Sklar, "The African Frontier," pp. 86-87.
35. For a recent exploration of citizenship and ethnic mobilization in Kenya, see Stephen N. Ndegwa, "Citizenship and Ethnicity: An Examination of Two Transition Movements in Kenyan Politics," The American Political Science Review 91, no. 3 (September 1997): 599-615.
36. Peter Ekeh, "Colonialism and the Two Publics in Africa: A Theoretical Statement," Comparative Studies in Society and History 17, no. 1 (January 1975): 91-112.
37. This point is made more forcefully in a later version of Ekeh's "Colonialism and the Two Publics." See his "Colonialism and the Development of Citizenship in Africa: A Study in Ideologies of Legitimation," in Onigu Otite, ed., Themes in African Social and Political Thought (Enugu, Nigeria: Fourth Dimension Publishers, 1978), pp. 302-334.
38. This point is made more forcefully in a later version of Ekeh's "Colonialism and the Two Publics." See his "Colonialism and the Development of Citizenship in Africa: A Study in Ideologies of Legitimation," in Onigu Otite, ed., Themes in African Social and Political Thought (Enugu, Nigeria: Fourth Dimension Publishers, 1978), pp. 302-334.
39. T. H. Marshall and Tom Bottomore, Citizenship and Social Class (London: Pluto Press, 1992), pp. 17-27.
40. Martin Chanock, "The South African Native Administration Act of 1929: Reflections on a Pathological Case of Legal Pluralism," in Oliver Mendelsohn and Upendra Baxi, eds., The Rights of Subordinated Peoples (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994). p. 293.
41. See "Pagad, Gangs Mix It Up with Politics," Weekly Mail and Guardian (9 May 1997), Website http://wn.apc.org/wmail/issues/970509/NEWS15.html.
42. Leo Kuper, An African Bourgeoisie (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1965), p. 379.
43. Russell Hanson, The Democratic Imagination in America: Conversations with Our Past (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1985), p. 63.
44. C. R. D. Halisi, "From Liberation to Citizenship: Identity and Innovation in Black South African Political Thought," Comparative Studies in Society and History 39, no. 1 (January 1997): 61-85.
45. Martin Kilson, "Colin Powell: A Flight from Power?" Dissent 43, no. 4 (Spring 1996): 74.