A Genealogy of Communist Successor Parties in East-Central Europe and the Determinants of Their Success

East European Politics and Societies

Volumn 12, Issue 3, 1998, Pages 472-499

  Orenstein, Mitchell ^a  

^a NONE

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[No Author keywords available]

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EID: 0032285452     PISSN: 08883254     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0888325498012003004     Document Type: Article

References (42)

1. Kenneth Ka-Lok Chan, "Poland at the Crossroads: The 1993 General Election," Europe-Asia Studies 47:1 (1995): 132.
2. Alison Mahr and John Nagle, "Resurrection of the Successor Parties and Democratization in East-Central Europe," Communist and Post-Communist Studies 28:4 (1995): 403. See also Istvan Deák, "Post-Post Communist Hungary," New York Review of Books 41:14 (1994): 34-35.
3. Alison Mahr and John Nagle, "Resurrection of the Successor Parties and Democratization in East-Central Europe," Communist and Post-Communist Studies 28:4 (1995): 403. See also Istvan Deák, "Post-Post Communist Hungary," New York Review of Books 41:14 (1994): 34-35.
4. For instance see Geoffrey Evans and Stephen Whitefield, "Economic Ideology and Political Success: Communist-Successor Parties in the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Hungary Compared," Party Politics 1:4 (1995).
5. John Eatwell et al., Transformation and Integration: Shaping the Future of Central and Eastern Europe (London: Institute for Public Policy Research, 1995), 161.
6. "Note that costs and benefits may be intangible as well as tangible and that a widely distributed benefit may or may not be what economists call a 'collective good' - that is, something from the enjoyment of which no one can feasibly be excluded All collective goods, such as national defense, are a widely distributed benefit, but not all widely distributed benefits, such as social security payments, are collective goods." Wilson, Political Organizations, 332.
7. Center for Public Opinion Research (CBOS), Warsaw, various reports.
8. Adam Przeworski, Democracy and the Market (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991), 164-165. Wilson, Political Organizations.
9. Richard Rose and Christian Haerpfer, "New Democracies Between State and Market: A Baseline Report of Public Opinion," Studies in Public Policy 204 (University of Strathclyde Centre for the Study of Public Policy, 1992). Hungarians were the most content with the current economic situation and expected only a mild eventual improvement.
10. An important exception is the Czech Republic. See Mitchell Orenstein, "Out of the Red: Building Capitalism and Democracy in Post-Communist Europe," Ph.D. dissertation, Yale University, 1996.
11. This finding was verfied by numerous surveys in 1994 and 1995. See Jiří Večerník, Markets and People (Aldershot: Avebury, 1996), 231.
12. The political-opportunity structure is completely different in non-EU-associated countries. This may explain why communist successor parties in other parts of post-communist Eastern Europe and Russia have opted for a national-socialist, rather than a social-democratic, strategy of political development. See conclusion.
13. Wilson, Political Organizations.
14. Despite its obvious applicability, the long literature on clientelism in developing societies, including James C. Scott, "Corruption, Machine Politics, and Political Change," American Political Science Review 63:4 (1969), has yet to be applied to post-communist Central and Eastern Europe.
15. Ivan Mikloš, "Corruption Risks in the Privatization Process: A Study of Privatization Developments in the Slovak Republic Focusing on the Causes and Implications of Corruption Risks" (Bratislava: Klub Windsor, 1995), 19-20. Juris, Andrej et. al., Privatization in Slovakia: Present Problems and Questions (Bratislava: MESA 10 Center for Economic and Social Analysis 1995), 41.
16. Ivan Mikloš, "Corruption Risks in the Privatization Process: A Study of Privatization Developments in the Slovak Republic Focusing on the Causes and Implications of Corruption Risks" (Bratislava: Klub Windsor, 1995), 19-20. Juris, Andrej et. al., Privatization in Slovakia: Present Problems and Questions (Bratislava: MESA 10 Center for Economic and Social Analysis 1995), 41.
17. Herbert Kitschelt, "The Formation of Party Systems in East Central Europe," Politics and Society 20:1 (1992), 42.
18. Michael Waller, "Party Inheritances and Party Identities," in Geoffrey Pridham and Paul G. Lewis, eds., Stabilizing Fragile Democracies: Comparing New Party Systems in Southern and Eastern Europe (London and New York: Routledge, 1996), 34-35.
19. Rudolf L. Tokés, Hungary's Negotiated Revolution (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996), 284-85.
20. Evans and Whitefield, "Economic Ideology," 570.
21. Milada Anna Vachudová, "Divisions in the Czech Communist Party," RFE/RL Research Report 2:37 (17 September 1993), 30.
22. OMRI Daily Digest, various reports; and Vachudová, "Divisions."
23. Gábor Tóka, "Parties and Electoral Choices in East-Central Europe," in Pridham and Lewis, eds., Stabilizing Fragile Democracies, 115.
24. Attila Ágh, "Partial Consolidation of the East-Central European Parties: The Case of the Hungarian Socialist Party," Party Politics 1:4 (1995), 491-514.
25. Ágh, "Partial Consolidation," 499.
26. Vladimír Krivý, "The Parliamentary Elections 1994: The Profile of Supporters of the Political Parties, the Profile of Regions," in Sofia Szomolányi and Gngonj Mesežnikov, eds., Slovakia: Parliamentary Elections 1994: Causes-Consequences-Prospects (Bratislava: Slovak Political Science Association and Friedrich Ebert Foundation, 1995), 125.
27. Barnabas Racz, "The Socialist-Left Opposition in Post-Communist Hungary," Europe-Asia Studies 45:4 (1993), 662.
28. Mária Ladó, "Representation of Workers' and Employers' Interests in Changing Industrial Relations in Hungary," in Evolution of Interest Representation and Development of the Labour Market in Post-Socialist Countries (Cracow: Cracow Academy of Economics and Friedrich Ebert Stiftung, 1995), 314.
29. Ladó, "Representation," 327.
30. Ladó, "Representation," 328.
31. Voytek Zubek, "The Reassertion of the Left in Post-Communist Poland, Europe-Asia Studies 46:5 (1994).
32. Quoted in Radzisława Gortat, "The Development of Social Democracy in Poland," trans. Izabella Budzynska, in Michael Waller, Bruno Coppieters, and Kris Deschouwer, eds., Social Democracy in a Post-Communist Europe (Ilford, Essex, and Portland, Oregon: Frank Cass, 1994), 151.
33. Tóka, "Parties," 114-15. Geoffrey Evans and Stephen Whitefield, "Social and Ideological Cleavage Formation in Post-Communist Hungary," Europe-Asia Studies 47:7 (1995), 1192.
34. Tóka, "Parties," 114-15. Geoffrey Evans and Stephen Whitefield, "Social and Ideological Cleavage Formation in Post-Communist Hungary," Europe-Asia Studies 47:7 (1995), 1192.
35. Evans and Whitefield, "Social and Ideological Cleavage," 1191.
36. Ágh, "Partial Consolidation," 503. Incidentally, the majority of Magyar Democratic Forum parliamentarians from 1990-94 were former Communist party members, 494.
37. Hubert Tworzecki, Parties and Politics in Post-1989 Poland (Boulder: Westview Press, 1996), 63.
38. László Neumann, "A Deficiency of the Transition - Lack of Effective Institutionalization of Wage Bargaining and Labor Conflicts in Hungary," paper presented to the Tenth International Conference of Europeanists, Chicago, 14-16 March 1996. László Lengyel, "The Mousetrap," in Csaba Gombár, Elemér Hankiss, László Lengyel, and Györgyi Várnai, eds., Question Marks: The Hungarian Government 1994-1995 (Budapest: Korridor Books, 1995), 48.
39. László Neumann, "A Deficiency of the Transition - Lack of Effective Institutionalization of Wage Bargaining and Labor Conflicts in Hungary," paper presented to the Tenth International Conference of Europeanists, Chicago, 14-16 March 1996. László Lengyel, "The Mousetrap," in Csaba Gombár, Elemér Hankiss, László Lengyel, and Györgyi Várnai, eds., Question Marks: The Hungarian Government 1994-1995 (Budapest: Korridor Books, 1995), 48.
40. Heinz Timmermann, "A Dilemma for the Socialist International: The Communist Parties' Successors in East Central Europe," in Michael Waller, Bruno Coppieters, and Kris Deschouwer, eds., Social Democracy in a Post-Communist Europe (Ilford, Essex, and Portland, Oregon: Frank Cass, 1994), 175.
41. Timmermann, "A Dilemma," 176.
42. Linda J. Cook, Labor and Liberalization: Trade Unions in the New Russia (New York: Twentieth Century Fund Press, 1997), 62.