An Athapaskan way of knowing: Chipewyan ontology

American Ethnologist

Volumn 25, Issue 3, 1998, Pages 412-432

  Smith, David M ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA DULUTH   (United States)

Author keywords

Chipewyan; Inkonze; Monism; Ontology; Perception

Indexed keywords

EID: 0032262778     PISSN: 00940496     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1525/ae.1998.25.3.412     Document Type: Article

References (97)

1. Abrams, David 1985 The Perceptual Implications of Gaia. The Ecologist 15(3):7-15.
2. Black, Mary 1977a Ojibwa Taxonomy and Percept Ambiguity. Ethos 5:90-118. 1977b Ojibwa Power Belief System. In The Anthropology of Power. Raymond D. Fogelson and Richard N. Adams, eds. Pp. 141-151. New York: Academic Press.
3. Black, Mary 1977a Ojibwa Taxonomy and Percept Ambiguity. Ethos 5:90-118. 1977b Ojibwa Power Belief System. In The Anthropology of Power. Raymond D. Fogelson and Richard N. Adams, eds. Pp. 141-151. New York: Academic Press.
4. Bohm, David 1951 Quantum Theory. New York: Prentice-Hall. 1983 Wholeness and the Implicate Order. London: Oxford University Press.
5. Bohm, David 1951 Quantum Theory. New York: Prentice-Hall. 1983 Wholeness and the Implicate Order. London: Oxford University Press.
6. Brightman, Robert 1993 Grateful Prey: Rock Cree Human-Animal Relationships. Berkeley: University of California Press.
7. Buckley, Thomas 1979 Doing Your Thinking. Parabola 2:29-37.
8. Callicott, J. Baird 1982 Traditional American Indian and Western European Attitudes toward Nature: An Overview. Environmental Ethics 4:293-318.
9. Carrier, James G., ed. 1995 Occidentalism: Images of the West. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
10. Classen, Constance 1990 Sweet Colors, Fragrant Songs: Sensory Models of the Andes and the Amazon. American Ethnologist 17:722-735. 1993 Worlds of Sense. London: Routledge.
11. Classen, Constance 1990 Sweet Colors, Fragrant Songs: Sensory Models of the Andes and the Amazon. American Ethnologist 17:722-735. 1993 Worlds of Sense. London: Routledge.
12. Cruikshank, Julie 1990 Life Lived Like a Story. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.
13. Cunningham, Lawrence S. 1992 No Ghost in the Machine. Notre Dame Magazine 21:38-41.
14. Curtis, Edward S. 1970 The North American Indian, 18. New York: Johnson Reprint Corporation.
15. Fabian, Johannes 1983 Time and the Other: How Anthropology Makes its Object. New York: Columbia University Press.
16. Farnell, Brenda 1995 Do You See What I Mean? Plains Indian Sign Talk and the Embodiment Action. Austin: University of Texas Press.
17. Feit, Harvey 1986 Hunting and the Quest for Power: The James Bay Cree and Whitemen in the Twentieth Century. In Native Peoples: The Canadian Experience. R. Bruce Morrison and C. Roderick Wilson, eds. Pp. 171-207. Toronto: McCleland and Stewart.
18. Fletcher, Alice C., and Francis LaFlesche 1911 The Omaha Tribe. Twenty-Seventh Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology, 1905-1906.
19. Goody, Jack 1977 The Domestication of the Savage Mind. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
20. Goulet, Jean-Guy 1982 Religious Dualism among Athapaskan Catholics. Canadian Journal of Anthropology 3:1-18. 1994 Ways of Knowing: Towards a Narrative Ethnography of Experience the Dene Tha. Journal of Anthropological Research 50:113-139. N.d. A Power to Heal and to Harm among Contemporary Dene Tha. Unpublished MS.
21. Goulet, Jean-Guy 1982 Religious Dualism among Athapaskan Catholics. Canadian Journal of Anthropology 3:1-18. 1994 Ways of Knowing: Towards a Narrative Ethnography of Experience the Dene Tha. Journal of Anthropological Research 50:113-139. N.d. A Power to Heal and to Harm among Contemporary Dene Tha. Unpublished MS.
22. Goulet, Jean-Guy 1982 Religious Dualism among Athapaskan Catholics. Canadian Journal of Anthropology 3:1-18. 1994 Ways of Knowing: Towards a Narrative Ethnography of Experience the Dene Tha. Journal of Anthropological Research 50:113-139. N.d. A Power to Heal and to Harm among Contemporary Dene Tha. Unpublished MS.
23. Hallowell, A. Irving 1942 The Role of Conjuring in Saulteaux Society. Philadelphia: Publications of the Anthropological Society, 2. 1955 Culture and Experience. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. 1960 Ojibwa Ontology, Behavior, and World View. In Contributions to Anthropology: Selected Papers of A. Irving Hallowell. Raymond D. Fogelson, ed. Pp. 357-390. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 1966 The Role of Dreams in Ojibwa Culture. In Contributions to Anthropology: Selected Papers of A. Irving Hallowell. Raymond D. Fogelson, ed. Pp. 449-474. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
24. Hallowell, A. Irving 1942 The Role of Conjuring in Saulteaux Society. Philadelphia: Publications of the Anthropological Society, 2. 1955 Culture and Experience. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. 1960 Ojibwa Ontology, Behavior, and World View. In Contributions to Anthropology: Selected Papers of A. Irving Hallowell. Raymond D. Fogelson, ed. Pp. 357-390. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 1966 The Role of Dreams in Ojibwa Culture. In Contributions to Anthropology: Selected Papers of A. Irving Hallowell. Raymond D. Fogelson, ed. Pp. 449-474. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
25. Hallowell, A. Irving 1942 The Role of Conjuring in Saulteaux Society. Philadelphia: Publications of the Anthropological Society, 2. 1955 Culture and Experience. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. 1960 Ojibwa Ontology, Behavior, and World View. In Contributions to Anthropology: Selected Papers of A. Irving Hallowell. Raymond D. Fogelson, ed. Pp. 357-390. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 1966 The Role of Dreams in Ojibwa Culture. In Contributions to Anthropology: Selected Papers of A. Irving Hallowell. Raymond D. Fogelson, ed. Pp. 449-474. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
26. Hallowell, A. Irving 1942 The Role of Conjuring in Saulteaux Society. Philadelphia: Publications of the Anthropological Society, 2. 1955 Culture and Experience. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. 1960 Ojibwa Ontology, Behavior, and World View. In Contributions to Anthropology: Selected Papers of A. Irving Hallowell. Raymond D. Fogelson, ed. Pp. 357-390. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 1966 The Role of Dreams in Ojibwa Culture. In Contributions to Anthropology: Selected Papers of A. Irving Hallowell. Raymond D. Fogelson, ed. Pp. 449-474. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
27. Helm, June 1994 Prophecy and Power among the Dogrib Indians. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.
28. Helm, June, and David Damas 1963 The Contact-Traditional All-Native Community of the Canadian North: The Upper Mackenzie "Bush" Athapaskans and the Igluligmiut. Anthropologica 5:9-21.
29. Howes, David 1991a Varieties of Sensory Experience. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. 1991b Sensorial Anthropology. In Varieties of Sensory Experience. Toronto: University Toronto Press.
30. Howes, David 1991a Varieties of Sensory Experience. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. 1991b Sensorial Anthropology. In Varieties of Sensory Experience. Toronto: University Toronto Press.
31. Jarvenpa, Robert 1982 Intergroup Behavior and Imagery: The Case of Chipewyan and Cree. Ethnology 2:283-290.
32. Jones, Roger S. 1982 Physics as Metaphor. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
33. Keesing, Roger M. 1984 Rethinking Mana. Journal of Anthropological Research 40:137-156. 1985 Conventional Metaphors and Anthropological Metaphysics: The Problematic of Cultural Translation. Journal of Anthropological Research 41:201-217. 1987 Anthropology as Interpretive Quest. Current Anthropology 28:161-176. 1992 Some Problems in the Study of Oceanic Religion. Anthropologica 34:231-246.
34. Keesing, Roger M. 1984 Rethinking Mana. Journal of Anthropological Research 40:137-156. 1985 Conventional Metaphors and Anthropological Metaphysics: The Problematic of Cultural Translation. Journal of Anthropological Research 41:201-217. 1987 Anthropology as Interpretive Quest. Current Anthropology 28:161-176. 1992 Some Problems in the Study of Oceanic Religion. Anthropologica 34:231-246.
35. Keesing, Roger M. 1984 Rethinking Mana. Journal of Anthropological Research 40:137-156. 1985 Conventional Metaphors and Anthropological Metaphysics: The Problematic of Cultural Translation. Journal of Anthropological Research 41:201-217. 1987 Anthropology as Interpretive Quest. Current Anthropology 28:161-176. 1992 Some Problems in the Study of Oceanic Religion. Anthropologica 34:231-246.
36. Keesing, Roger M. 1984 Rethinking Mana. Journal of Anthropological Research 40:137-156. 1985 Conventional Metaphors and Anthropological Metaphysics: The Problematic of Cultural Translation. Journal of Anthropological Research 41:201-217. 1987 Anthropology as Interpretive Quest. Current Anthropology 28:161-176. 1992 Some Problems in the Study of Oceanic Religion. Anthropologica 34:231-246.
37. Krauss, Michael E., and Victor K. Golla 1981 Northern Athapaskan Languages. In Handbook of North American Indians, vol. 6: Subarctic. June Helm, ed. Pp. 67-85. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press.
38. Lakoff, George 1987 Women, Fire, and Dangerous Things. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
39. Lakoff, George, and Mark Johnson 1980 Metaphors We Live By. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
40. Lee, Dorothy 1993 Religious Perspective in Anthropology. In Magic, Witchcraft, and Religion: An Anthropological Study of the Supernatural. 3rd edition. Arthur C. Lehmann and James E. Myers, eds. Pp. 10-17. Palo Alto, CA: Mayfield.
41. Leeming, David 1981 Towards a New Perspective: Human Life as Earth's Voice. Parabola 6:55-60.
42. Locke, John 1967 Second Treatise. In Two Treatises of Government. Peter Laslett, ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
43. Lovelock, James E. 1982 Gaia: A New Look at Life on Earth. London: Oxford University Press.
44. McDonnell, Roger F. 1984 Symbolic Orientations and Systematic Turmoil. Canadian Journal of Anthropology 4:39-56.
45. Merleau-Ponty, Maurice 1962 The Phenomenology of Perception. Colin Smith, trans. London: Routlege and Kegan Paul. 1968 The Visible and the Invisible. Alphonse Lingis, trans. Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press.
46. Merleau-Ponty, Maurice 1962 The Phenomenology of Perception. Colin Smith, trans. London: Routlege and Kegan Paul. 1968 The Visible and the Invisible. Alphonse Lingis, trans. Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press.
47. Moore, Patrick, and Angela Wheelock 1990 Wolverine Myths and Visions. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.
48. Nelson, Richard K. 1973 Hunters of the Northern Forest. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 1983 Make Prayers to the Raven: A Koyukon View of the Northern Forest. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
49. Nelson, Richard K. 1973 Hunters of the Northern Forest. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 1983 Make Prayers to the Raven: A Koyukon View of the Northern Forest. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
50. Ong, Walter J. 1967 The Presence of the Word. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. 1969 World as View and World as Event. American Anthropologist 7:634-647.
51. Ong, Walter J. 1967 The Presence of the Word. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. 1969 World as View and World as Event. American Anthropologist 7:634-647.
52. Petitot, Emile 1876 Dictionnaire de la langue Dènè-Dindjié. Paris: E. Leroux.
53. Ridington, Robin 1968 The Medicine Fight: An Instrument of Political Process among the Beaver Indians. American Anthropologist 70:1152-1160. 1971 Beaver Indian Dreaming and Singing. In Pilot Not Commander: Essays in Memory of Diamond Jenness. Anthropologica 13:115-128. 1978 Swan People: A Study of the Dunne-za Prophet Dance. National Museum of Man Mercury Series, Canadian Ethnology Service Papers, 38. Ottawa: National Museums of Canada. 1979 Sequence and Hierarchy in Cultural Experience: Phases and the Moment of Transformation. Anthropology and Humanism Quarterly 4:20-30. 1982 Telling Secrets: Stories of the Vision Quest. Canadian Journal of Native Studies 2:213-219. 1988a Knowledge, Power, and the Individual in Subarctic Hunting Societies. American Anthropologist 90:98-110. 1988b Trail to Heaven: Knowledge and Narrative in a Northern Native Community. Iowa City: University of Iowa Press. 1990 Little Bit Know Something: Stories in a Language of Anthropology. Iowa City: University of Iowa Press.
54. Ridington, Robin 1968 The Medicine Fight: An Instrument of Political Process among the Beaver Indians. American Anthropologist 70:1152-1160. 1971 Beaver Indian Dreaming and Singing. In Pilot Not Commander: Essays in Memory of Diamond Jenness. Anthropologica 13:115-128. 1978 Swan People: A Study of the Dunne-za Prophet Dance. National Museum of Man Mercury Series, Canadian Ethnology Service Papers, 38. Ottawa: National Museums of Canada. 1979 Sequence and Hierarchy in Cultural Experience: Phases and the Moment of Transformation. Anthropology and Humanism Quarterly 4:20-30. 1982 Telling Secrets: Stories of the Vision Quest. Canadian Journal of Native Studies 2:213-219. 1988a Knowledge, Power, and the Individual in Subarctic Hunting Societies. American Anthropologist 90:98-110. 1988b Trail to Heaven: Knowledge and Narrative in a Northern Native Community. Iowa City: University of Iowa Press. 1990 Little Bit Know Something: Stories in a Language of Anthropology. Iowa City: University of Iowa Press.
55. Ridington, Robin 1968 The Medicine Fight: An Instrument of Political Process among the Beaver Indians. American Anthropologist 70:1152-1160. 1971 Beaver Indian Dreaming and Singing. In Pilot Not Commander: Essays in Memory of Diamond Jenness. Anthropologica 13:115-128. 1978 Swan People: A Study of the Dunne-za Prophet Dance. National Museum of Man Mercury Series, Canadian Ethnology Service Papers, 38. Ottawa: National Museums of Canada. 1979 Sequence and Hierarchy in Cultural Experience: Phases and the Moment of Transformation. Anthropology and Humanism Quarterly 4:20-30. 1982 Telling Secrets: Stories of the Vision Quest. Canadian Journal of Native Studies 2:213-219. 1988a Knowledge, Power, and the Individual in Subarctic Hunting Societies. American Anthropologist 90:98-110. 1988b Trail to Heaven: Knowledge and Narrative in a Northern Native Community. Iowa City: University of Iowa Press. 1990 Little Bit Know Something: Stories in a Language of Anthropology. Iowa City: University of Iowa Press.
56. Ridington, Robin 1968 The Medicine Fight: An Instrument of Political Process among the Beaver Indians. American Anthropologist 70:1152-1160. 1971 Beaver Indian Dreaming and Singing. In Pilot Not Commander: Essays in Memory of Diamond Jenness. Anthropologica 13:115-128. 1978 Swan People: A Study of the Dunne-za Prophet Dance. National Museum of Man Mercury Series, Canadian Ethnology Service Papers, 38. Ottawa: National Museums of Canada. 1979 Sequence and Hierarchy in Cultural Experience: Phases and the Moment of Transformation. Anthropology and Humanism Quarterly 4:20-30. 1982 Telling Secrets: Stories of the Vision Quest. Canadian Journal of Native Studies 2:213-219. 1988a Knowledge, Power, and the Individual in Subarctic Hunting Societies. American Anthropologist 90:98-110. 1988b Trail to Heaven: Knowledge and Narrative in a Northern Native Community. Iowa City: University of Iowa Press. 1990 Little Bit Know Something: Stories in a Language of Anthropology. Iowa City: University of Iowa Press.
57. Ridington, Robin 1968 The Medicine Fight: An Instrument of Political Process among the Beaver Indians. American Anthropologist 70:1152-1160. 1971 Beaver Indian Dreaming and Singing. In Pilot Not Commander: Essays in Memory of Diamond Jenness. Anthropologica 13:115-128. 1978 Swan People: A Study of the Dunne-za Prophet Dance. National Museum of Man Mercury Series, Canadian Ethnology Service Papers, 38. Ottawa: National Museums of Canada. 1979 Sequence and Hierarchy in Cultural Experience: Phases and the Moment of Transformation. Anthropology and Humanism Quarterly 4:20-30. 1982 Telling Secrets: Stories of the Vision Quest. Canadian Journal of Native Studies 2:213-219. 1988a Knowledge, Power, and the Individual in Subarctic Hunting Societies. American Anthropologist 90:98-110. 1988b Trail to Heaven: Knowledge and Narrative in a Northern Native Community. Iowa City: University of Iowa Press. 1990 Little Bit Know Something: Stories in a Language of Anthropology. Iowa City: University of Iowa Press.
58. Ridington, Robin 1968 The Medicine Fight: An Instrument of Political Process among the Beaver Indians. American Anthropologist 70:1152-1160. 1971 Beaver Indian Dreaming and Singing. In Pilot Not Commander: Essays in Memory of Diamond Jenness. Anthropologica 13:115-128. 1978 Swan People: A Study of the Dunne-za Prophet Dance. National Museum of Man Mercury Series, Canadian Ethnology Service Papers, 38. Ottawa: National Museums of Canada. 1979 Sequence and Hierarchy in Cultural Experience: Phases and the Moment of Transformation. Anthropology and Humanism Quarterly 4:20-30. 1982 Telling Secrets: Stories of the Vision Quest. Canadian Journal of Native Studies 2:213-219. 1988a Knowledge, Power, and the Individual in Subarctic Hunting Societies. American Anthropologist 90:98-110. 1988b Trail to Heaven: Knowledge and Narrative in a Northern Native Community. Iowa City: University of Iowa Press. 1990 Little Bit Know Something: Stories in a Language of Anthropology. Iowa City: University of Iowa Press.
59. Ridington, Robin 1968 The Medicine Fight: An Instrument of Political Process among the Beaver Indians. American Anthropologist 70:1152-1160. 1971 Beaver Indian Dreaming and Singing. In Pilot Not Commander: Essays in Memory of Diamond Jenness. Anthropologica 13:115-128. 1978 Swan People: A Study of the Dunne-za Prophet Dance. National Museum of Man Mercury Series, Canadian Ethnology Service Papers, 38. Ottawa: National Museums of Canada. 1979 Sequence and Hierarchy in Cultural Experience: Phases and the Moment of Transformation. Anthropology and Humanism Quarterly 4:20-30. 1982 Telling Secrets: Stories of the Vision Quest. Canadian Journal of Native Studies 2:213-219. 1988a Knowledge, Power, and the Individual in Subarctic Hunting Societies. American Anthropologist 90:98-110. 1988b Trail to Heaven: Knowledge and Narrative in a Northern Native Community. Iowa City: University of Iowa Press. 1990 Little Bit Know Something: Stories in a Language of Anthropology. Iowa City: University of Iowa Press.
60. Ridington, Robin 1968 The Medicine Fight: An Instrument of Political Process among the Beaver Indians. American Anthropologist 70:1152-1160. 1971 Beaver Indian Dreaming and Singing. In Pilot Not Commander: Essays in Memory of Diamond Jenness. Anthropologica 13:115-128. 1978 Swan People: A Study of the Dunne-za Prophet Dance. National Museum of Man Mercury Series, Canadian Ethnology Service Papers, 38. Ottawa: National Museums of Canada. 1979 Sequence and Hierarchy in Cultural Experience: Phases and the Moment of Transformation. Anthropology and Humanism Quarterly 4:20-30. 1982 Telling Secrets: Stories of the Vision Quest. Canadian Journal of Native Studies 2:213-219. 1988a Knowledge, Power, and the Individual in Subarctic Hunting Societies. American Anthropologist 90:98-110. 1988b Trail to Heaven: Knowledge and Narrative in a Northern Native Community. Iowa City: University of Iowa Press. 1990 Little Bit Know Something: Stories in a Language of Anthropology. Iowa City: University of Iowa Press.
61. Ross, Rupert 1992 Dancing with a Ghost: Exploring Indian Reality. Markham, ON: Reed Books Canada.
62. Rushforth, Scott 1986 The Bear Lake Indians. In Native Peoples: The Canadian Experience. R. Bruce Morrison and C. Roderick Wilson, eds. Pp. 243-270. Toronto: McCleland and Stewart. 1992 The Legitimation of Beliefs in a Hunter-Gatherer Society: Bearlake Athapaskan Knowledge and Authority. American Ethnologist 19:483-500. 1994 Political Resistance in a Contemporary Hunter-Gatherer Society: More Bearlake Athapaskan Knowledge and Authority. American Ethnologist 21:335-352.
63. Rushforth, Scott 1986 The Bear Lake Indians. In Native Peoples: The Canadian Experience. R. Bruce Morrison and C. Roderick Wilson, eds. Pp. 243-270. Toronto: McCleland and Stewart. 1992 The Legitimation of Beliefs in a Hunter-Gatherer Society: Bearlake Athapaskan Knowledge and Authority. American Ethnologist 19:483-500. 1994 Political Resistance in a Contemporary Hunter-Gatherer Society: More Bearlake Athapaskan Knowledge and Authority. American Ethnologist 21:335-352.
64. Rushforth, Scott 1986 The Bear Lake Indians. In Native Peoples: The Canadian Experience. R. Bruce Morrison and C. Roderick Wilson, eds. Pp. 243-270. Toronto: McCleland and Stewart. 1992 The Legitimation of Beliefs in a Hunter-Gatherer Society: Bearlake Athapaskan Knowledge and Authority. American Ethnologist 19:483-500. 1994 Political Resistance in a Contemporary Hunter-Gatherer Society: More Bearlake Athapaskan Knowledge and Authority. American Ethnologist 21:335-352.
65. Savishinsky, Joel 1974 Trail of the Hare: Life and Stress in an Arctic Community. New York: Gordon and Breach Science Publishers.
66. Scollon, Ronald, and Suzanne B. Scollon 1979 Linguistic Convergence: An Ethnography of Speaking at Fort Chipewyan, Alberta. London: Academic Press.
67. Sharp, H. Stephen 1976 Man: Wolf: Woman: Dog. Arctic Anthropology 13:25-34. 1986 Shared Experience and Magical Death: Chipewyan Explanations of a Prophet's Decline. Ethnology 25:257-270. 1987 Giant Otters, Giant Fish, and Dinosaurs: "Apparently Irrational" Beliefs in a Chipewyan Community. American Ethnologist 14:226-235. 1988a The Transformation of Bigfoot: Maleness, Power, and Belief among the Chipewyan. Smithsonian Series in Ethnographic Inquiry. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press. 1988b Dry Meat and Gender: The Absence of Chipewyan Ritual for the Regulation of Hunting and Animal Numbers. In Hunters and Gatherers 2: Property and Ideology. Tim Ingold, David Riches, and James Woodburn, eds. Pp. 183-191. Oxford: Berg. 1994 Inverted Sacrifice. In Circumpolar Religion and Ecology: An Anthropology of the North. Takashi Irimoto and Takako Yamada, eds. Pp. 253-271. Tokyo: University of Tokyo Press. 1995 Asymetric Equals: Women and Men among the Chipewyan. In Women and Power in Native North America. Laura F. Klein and Lillian A. Ackerman, eds. Pp. 46-74. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. 1996 "Experiencing Meaning." Anthropology and Humanism 21(2):171-186. N.d. Future Memory: An Ethnography of the Northern Dene. Unpublished MS.
68. Sharp, H. Stephen 1976 Man: Wolf: Woman: Dog. Arctic Anthropology 13:25-34. 1986 Shared Experience and Magical Death: Chipewyan Explanations of a Prophet's Decline. Ethnology 25:257-270. 1987 Giant Otters, Giant Fish, and Dinosaurs: "Apparently Irrational" Beliefs in a Chipewyan Community. American Ethnologist 14:226-235. 1988a The Transformation of Bigfoot: Maleness, Power, and Belief among the Chipewyan. Smithsonian Series in Ethnographic Inquiry. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press. 1988b Dry Meat and Gender: The Absence of Chipewyan Ritual for the Regulation of Hunting and Animal Numbers. In Hunters and Gatherers 2: Property and Ideology. Tim Ingold, David Riches, and James Woodburn, eds. Pp. 183-191. Oxford: Berg. 1994 Inverted Sacrifice. In Circumpolar Religion and Ecology: An Anthropology of the North. Takashi Irimoto and Takako Yamada, eds. Pp. 253-271. Tokyo: University of Tokyo Press. 1995 Asymetric Equals: Women and Men among the Chipewyan. In Women and Power in Native North America. Laura F. Klein and Lillian A. Ackerman, eds. Pp. 46-74. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. 1996 "Experiencing Meaning." Anthropology and Humanism 21(2):171-186. N.d. Future Memory: An Ethnography of the Northern Dene. Unpublished MS.
69. Sharp, H. Stephen 1976 Man: Wolf: Woman: Dog. Arctic Anthropology 13:25-34. 1986 Shared Experience and Magical Death: Chipewyan Explanations of a Prophet's Decline. Ethnology 25:257-270. 1987 Giant Otters, Giant Fish, and Dinosaurs: "Apparently Irrational" Beliefs in a Chipewyan Community. American Ethnologist 14:226-235. 1988a The Transformation of Bigfoot: Maleness, Power, and Belief among the Chipewyan. Smithsonian Series in Ethnographic Inquiry. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press. 1988b Dry Meat and Gender: The Absence of Chipewyan Ritual for the Regulation of Hunting and Animal Numbers. In Hunters and Gatherers 2: Property and Ideology. Tim Ingold, David Riches, and James Woodburn, eds. Pp. 183-191. Oxford: Berg. 1994 Inverted Sacrifice. In Circumpolar Religion and Ecology: An Anthropology of the North. Takashi Irimoto and Takako Yamada, eds. Pp. 253-271. Tokyo: University of Tokyo Press. 1995 Asymetric Equals: Women and Men among the Chipewyan. In Women and Power in Native North America. Laura F. Klein and Lillian A. Ackerman, eds. Pp. 46-74. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. 1996 "Experiencing Meaning." Anthropology and Humanism 21(2):171-186. N.d. Future Memory: An Ethnography of the Northern Dene. Unpublished MS.
70. Sharp, H. Stephen 1976 Man: Wolf: Woman: Dog. Arctic Anthropology 13:25-34. 1986 Shared Experience and Magical Death: Chipewyan Explanations of a Prophet's Decline. Ethnology 25:257-270. 1987 Giant Otters, Giant Fish, and Dinosaurs: "Apparently Irrational" Beliefs in a Chipewyan Community. American Ethnologist 14:226-235. 1988a The Transformation of Bigfoot: Maleness, Power, and Belief among the Chipewyan. Smithsonian Series in Ethnographic Inquiry. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press. 1988b Dry Meat and Gender: The Absence of Chipewyan Ritual for the Regulation of Hunting and Animal Numbers. In Hunters and Gatherers 2: Property and Ideology. Tim Ingold, David Riches, and James Woodburn, eds. Pp. 183-191. Oxford: Berg. 1994 Inverted Sacrifice. In Circumpolar Religion and Ecology: An Anthropology of the North. Takashi Irimoto and Takako Yamada, eds. Pp. 253-271. Tokyo: University of Tokyo Press. 1995 Asymetric Equals: Women and Men among the Chipewyan. In Women and Power in Native North America. Laura F. Klein and Lillian A. Ackerman, eds. Pp. 46-74. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. 1996 "Experiencing Meaning." Anthropology and Humanism 21(2):171-186. N.d. Future Memory: An Ethnography of the Northern Dene. Unpublished MS.
71. Sharp, H. Stephen 1976 Man: Wolf: Woman: Dog. Arctic Anthropology 13:25-34. 1986 Shared Experience and Magical Death: Chipewyan Explanations of a Prophet's Decline. Ethnology 25:257-270. 1987 Giant Otters, Giant Fish, and Dinosaurs: "Apparently Irrational" Beliefs in a Chipewyan Community. American Ethnologist 14:226-235. 1988a The Transformation of Bigfoot: Maleness, Power, and Belief among the Chipewyan. Smithsonian Series in Ethnographic Inquiry. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press. 1988b Dry Meat and Gender: The Absence of Chipewyan Ritual for the Regulation of Hunting and Animal Numbers. In Hunters and Gatherers 2: Property and Ideology. Tim Ingold, David Riches, and James Woodburn, eds. Pp. 183-191. Oxford: Berg. 1994 Inverted Sacrifice. In Circumpolar Religion and Ecology: An Anthropology of the North. Takashi Irimoto and Takako Yamada, eds. Pp. 253-271. Tokyo: University of Tokyo Press. 1995 Asymetric Equals: Women and Men among the Chipewyan. In Women and Power in Native North America. Laura F. Klein and Lillian A. Ackerman, eds. Pp. 46-74. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. 1996 "Experiencing Meaning." Anthropology and Humanism 21(2):171-186. N.d. Future Memory: An Ethnography of the Northern Dene. Unpublished MS.
72. Sharp, H. Stephen 1976 Man: Wolf: Woman: Dog. Arctic Anthropology 13:25-34. 1986 Shared Experience and Magical Death: Chipewyan Explanations of a Prophet's Decline. Ethnology 25:257-270. 1987 Giant Otters, Giant Fish, and Dinosaurs: "Apparently Irrational" Beliefs in a Chipewyan Community. American Ethnologist 14:226-235. 1988a The Transformation of Bigfoot: Maleness, Power, and Belief among the Chipewyan. Smithsonian Series in Ethnographic Inquiry. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press. 1988b Dry Meat and Gender: The Absence of Chipewyan Ritual for the Regulation of Hunting and Animal Numbers. In Hunters and Gatherers 2: Property and Ideology. Tim Ingold, David Riches, and James Woodburn, eds. Pp. 183-191. Oxford: Berg. 1994 Inverted Sacrifice. In Circumpolar Religion and Ecology: An Anthropology of the North. Takashi Irimoto and Takako Yamada, eds. Pp. 253-271. Tokyo: University of Tokyo Press. 1995 Asymetric Equals: Women and Men among the Chipewyan. In Women and Power in Native North America. Laura F. Klein and Lillian A. Ackerman, eds. Pp. 46-74. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. 1996 "Experiencing Meaning." Anthropology and Humanism 21(2):171-186. N.d. Future Memory: An Ethnography of the Northern Dene. Unpublished MS.
73. Sharp, H. Stephen 1976 Man: Wolf: Woman: Dog. Arctic Anthropology 13:25-34. 1986 Shared Experience and Magical Death: Chipewyan Explanations of a Prophet's Decline. Ethnology 25:257-270. 1987 Giant Otters, Giant Fish, and Dinosaurs: "Apparently Irrational" Beliefs in a Chipewyan Community. American Ethnologist 14:226-235. 1988a The Transformation of Bigfoot: Maleness, Power, and Belief among the Chipewyan. Smithsonian Series in Ethnographic Inquiry. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press. 1988b Dry Meat and Gender: The Absence of Chipewyan Ritual for the Regulation of Hunting and Animal Numbers. In Hunters and Gatherers 2: Property and Ideology. Tim Ingold, David Riches, and James Woodburn, eds. Pp. 183-191. Oxford: Berg. 1994 Inverted Sacrifice. In Circumpolar Religion and Ecology: An Anthropology of the North. Takashi Irimoto and Takako Yamada, eds. Pp. 253-271. Tokyo: University of Tokyo Press. 1995 Asymetric Equals: Women and Men among the Chipewyan. In Women and Power in Native North America. Laura F. Klein and Lillian A. Ackerman, eds. Pp. 46-74. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. 1996 "Experiencing Meaning." Anthropology and Humanism 21(2):171-186. N.d. Future Memory: An Ethnography of the Northern Dene. Unpublished MS.
74. Sharp, H. Stephen 1976 Man: Wolf: Woman: Dog. Arctic Anthropology 13:25-34. 1986 Shared Experience and Magical Death: Chipewyan Explanations of a Prophet's Decline. Ethnology 25:257-270. 1987 Giant Otters, Giant Fish, and Dinosaurs: "Apparently Irrational" Beliefs in a Chipewyan Community. American Ethnologist 14:226-235. 1988a The Transformation of Bigfoot: Maleness, Power, and Belief among the Chipewyan. Smithsonian Series in Ethnographic Inquiry. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press. 1988b Dry Meat and Gender: The Absence of Chipewyan Ritual for the Regulation of Hunting and Animal Numbers. In Hunters and Gatherers 2: Property and Ideology. Tim Ingold, David Riches, and James Woodburn, eds. Pp. 183-191. Oxford: Berg. 1994 Inverted Sacrifice. In Circumpolar Religion and Ecology: An Anthropology of the North. Takashi Irimoto and Takako Yamada, eds. Pp. 253-271. Tokyo: University of Tokyo Press. 1995 Asymetric Equals: Women and Men among the Chipewyan. In Women and Power in Native North America. Laura F. Klein and Lillian A. Ackerman, eds. Pp. 46-74. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. 1996 "Experiencing Meaning." Anthropology and Humanism 21(2):171-186. N.d. Future Memory: An Ethnography of the Northern Dene. Unpublished MS.
75. Sharp, H. Stephen 1976 Man: Wolf: Woman: Dog. Arctic Anthropology 13:25-34. 1986 Shared Experience and Magical Death: Chipewyan Explanations of a Prophet's Decline. Ethnology 25:257-270. 1987 Giant Otters, Giant Fish, and Dinosaurs: "Apparently Irrational" Beliefs in a Chipewyan Community. American Ethnologist 14:226-235. 1988a The Transformation of Bigfoot: Maleness, Power, and Belief among the Chipewyan. Smithsonian Series in Ethnographic Inquiry. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press. 1988b Dry Meat and Gender: The Absence of Chipewyan Ritual for the Regulation of Hunting and Animal Numbers. In Hunters and Gatherers 2: Property and Ideology. Tim Ingold, David Riches, and James Woodburn, eds. Pp. 183-191. Oxford: Berg. 1994 Inverted Sacrifice. In Circumpolar Religion and Ecology: An Anthropology of the North. Takashi Irimoto and Takako Yamada, eds. Pp. 253-271. Tokyo: University of Tokyo Press. 1995 Asymetric Equals: Women and Men among the Chipewyan. In Women and Power in Native North America. Laura F. Klein and Lillian A. Ackerman, eds. Pp. 46-74. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. 1996 "Experiencing Meaning." Anthropology and Humanism 21(2):171-186. N.d. Future Memory: An Ethnography of the Northern Dene. Unpublished MS.
76. Sharp, H. Stephen, with Roberta L. Hall 1978 Wolf and Man: Evolution in Parallel. New York: Academic Press.
77. Smith, Adam 1961 An Inquiry into the Nature and Cause of the Wealth of Nations. Edwin Cannon, ed. London: Methuen.
78. Smith, David M. 1973 Inkonze: Magico-Religious Beliefs of Contact-Traditional Chipewyan Trading at Fort Resolution, NWT, Canada. Mercury Series Ethnology Division, Paper 6. Ottawa: National Museum of Man.
79. 1982 Moose-Deer Island House People: A History of the Native People of Fort Resolution. Mercury Series, Canadian Ethnology Service Paper No. 81. Ottawa: National Museum of Man.
80. 1985 Big Stone Foundations: Manifest Meaning in Chipewyan Myths. Journal of American Culture 8:73-77.
81. 1990 The Chipewyan Medicine-Fight in Cultural and Ecological Perspective. In Culture and the Anthropological Tradition: Essays in Honor of Robert F. Spencer. Robert H. Winthrop, ed. Pp. 153-175. Lanham, MD: University Press of America.
82. 1992 The Dynamics of a Dene Struggle for Self-Determination. Anthropologica 34:21-49.
83. 1993 Albert's Power: A Fiction Narrative. Anthropology and Humanism 18:67-73.
84. 1995 The Death of a Patriarch. Anthropology and Humanism 20:124-132.
85. Smith, J. G. E. 1975 The Ecological Basis of Chipewyan Socio-Territorial Organization. In Proceedings: Northern Athapaskan Conference, 1971. A. M. Clark, ed. Pp. 389-461. National Museum of Man, Mercury Series, Canadian Ethnology Service, No. 27. Ottawa: National Museum of Canada. 1976 Local Band Organization of the Caribou Eater Chipewyan. Arctic Anthropology 13:12-24. 1978 The Emergence of the Micro-Urban Village among the Caribou Eater-Chipewyan. Human Organization 37:38-49. 1981 Chipewyan. In Subarctic, vol. 6. June Helm, ed. Pp. 271-284. Handbook of North American Indians. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press.
86. Smith, J. G. E. 1975 The Ecological Basis of Chipewyan Socio-Territorial Organization. In Proceedings: Northern Athapaskan Conference, 1971. A. M. Clark, ed. Pp. 389-461. National Museum of Man, Mercury Series, Canadian Ethnology Service, No. 27. Ottawa: National Museum of Canada. 1976 Local Band Organization of the Caribou Eater Chipewyan. Arctic Anthropology 13:12-24. 1978 The Emergence of the Micro-Urban Village among the Caribou Eater-Chipewyan. Human Organization 37:38-49. 1981 Chipewyan. In Subarctic, vol. 6. June Helm, ed. Pp. 271-284. Handbook of North American Indians. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press.
87. Smith, J. G. E. 1975 The Ecological Basis of Chipewyan Socio-Territorial Organization. In Proceedings: Northern Athapaskan Conference, 1971. A. M. Clark, ed. Pp. 389-461. National Museum of Man, Mercury Series, Canadian Ethnology Service, No. 27. Ottawa: National Museum of Canada. 1976 Local Band Organization of the Caribou Eater Chipewyan. Arctic Anthropology 13:12-24. 1978 The Emergence of the Micro-Urban Village among the Caribou Eater-Chipewyan. Human Organization 37:38-49. 1981 Chipewyan. In Subarctic, vol. 6. June Helm, ed. Pp. 271-284. Handbook of North American Indians. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press.
88. Smith, J. G. E. 1975 The Ecological Basis of Chipewyan Socio-Territorial Organization. In Proceedings: Northern Athapaskan Conference, 1971. A. M. Clark, ed. Pp. 389-461. National Museum of Man, Mercury Series, Canadian Ethnology Service, No. 27. Ottawa: National Museum of Canada. 1976 Local Band Organization of the Caribou Eater Chipewyan. Arctic Anthropology 13:12-24. 1978 The Emergence of the Micro-Urban Village among the Caribou Eater-Chipewyan. Human Organization 37:38-49. 1981 Chipewyan. In Subarctic, vol. 6. June Helm, ed. Pp. 271-284. Handbook of North American Indians. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press.
89. Spencer, Robert F. 1977 Shamanism in Northwestern North America. In The Anthropology of Power. Raymond D. Fogelson and Richard N. Adams, eds. Pp. 351-363. New York: Academic Press.
90. Stoller, Paul 1984 Sound in Songhay Cultural Experience. American Ethnologist 11:559-570. 1989 The Taste of Ethnographic Things. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
91. Stoller, Paul 1984 Sound in Songhay Cultural Experience. American Ethnologist 11:559-570. 1989 The Taste of Ethnographic Things. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
92. Tanner, Adrian 1979 Bringing Home Animals: Religious Ideology and Mode of Production of the Mistassini Cree Hunters. New York: St. Martin's Press.
93. Tedlock, Dennis 1975 An American Indian View of Death. In Teachings from the American Earth. Dennis Tedlock and Barbara Tedlock, eds. Pp. 248-271. New York: Liverright.
94. Thomas, Lewis 1975 The Lives of a Cell. New York: Bantam.
95. Toelken, Barre 1990 Ma'ii Juldlooshi la'Eeya: The Several Lives of a Navajo Coyote. In The World and I. Robert Welsch, ed. Pp. 651-660. Washington, DC: Washington Times Corporation.
96. Watts, Alan 1970 Western Mythology: Its Dissolution and Transformation. In Myths, Dreams, and Religion. Joseph Campbell, ed. Pp. 9-25. New York: E. P. Dutton.
97. Wax, Murray, and Rosalie Wax 1963 The Notion of Magic. Current Anthropology 4:495-518.