The Medical Officer of Health, the Social Worker, and the Problem Family, 1943 to 1968: The Case of Family Service Units

Social History of Medicine

Volumn 11, Issue 3, 1998, Pages 421-441

  Starkey, Pat ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LIVERPOOL   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Children's Department; Family Service Units; Medical; Officers of Health; Problem families

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING; FAMILY; FAMILY HEALTH; GENERAL PRACTITIONER; GOVERNMENT; HEALTH AUXILIARY; HISTORY; HOME CARE; POVERTY; SOCIAL PROBLEM; UNITED KINGDOM; WAR;

COMMUNITY HEALTH AIDES; FAMILY; FAMILY HEALTH; GOVERNMENT AGENCIES; GREAT BRITAIN; HISTORY, 20TH CENTURY; HOME CARE AGENCIES; PHYSICIANS, FAMILY; POVERTY; PUBLIC HEALTH NURSING; SOCIAL PROBLEMS; WAR;

EID: 0032248971     PISSN: 0951631X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/shm/11.3.421     Document Type: Article

References (181)

1. J. Welshman, 'In Search of the "Problem Family": Public Health and Social Work in England and Wales 1940-1970', Social History of Medicine, 9 (1996), 465.
2. Welshman, 'In Search of the "Problem Family"', 464.
3. Cited in H. Marsh, 'The Agency: Its History and Its Clients', in J. Miller and T. Cook (eds.), Direct Work with Families (London, 1981), p. 7.
4. A. Cohen, The Revolution in Post-War Family Casework. The Story of Pacifist Service Units and Family Service Units (Lancaster, 1998), p. 7. See also, K. Mellanby, Human Guinea Pigs (Merlin Press, 1973), p. 39; F. Rodger and M. Lawson (eds.), Dear Heart. Letters to and from Two Conscientious Objectors (Sheffield, 1997), passim.
5. A. Cohen, The Revolution in Post-War Family Casework. The Story of Pacifist Service Units and Family Service Units (Lancaster, 1998), p. 7. See also, K. Mellanby, Human Guinea Pigs (Merlin Press, 1973), p. 39; F. Rodger and M. Lawson (eds.), Dear Heart. Letters to and from Two Conscientious Objectors (Sheffield, 1997), passim.
6. A. Cohen, The Revolution in Post-War Family Casework. The Story of Pacifist Service Units and Family Service Units (Lancaster, 1998), p. 7. See also, K. Mellanby, Human Guinea Pigs (Merlin Press, 1973), p. 39; F. Rodger and M. Lawson (eds.), Dear Heart. Letters to and from Two Conscientious Objectors (Sheffield, 1997), passim.
7. Stepney Pacifist Service Unit (hereafter PSU), Nursery Report, n.d., but from internal evidence can be dated to some time after 1942. University of Liverpool, Special Collections and Archives (hereafter ULSCA) D495(EL)M32.
8. PSU Secretary's Report, 5, n.d. ULSCA D495(EL)M8/1.
9. Parliamentary Debates, House of Commons, 14 September 1939, cols. 802ff; T. Simey, Our Wartime Guests (London, 1940), passim; H. Hendnck, Child Welfare. England 1872-1989 (London and New York, 1994), pp. 194-9.
10. Parliamentary Debates, House of Commons, 14 September 1939, cols. 802ff; T. Simey, Our Wartime Guests (London, 1940), passim; H. Hendnck, Child Welfare. England 1872-1989 (London and New York, 1994), pp. 194-9.
11. J. MacNicol, 'The Evacuation of Schoolchildren', in H. L. Smith (ed.), War and Social Change. British Society in the Second World War (Manchester, 1986), pp. 3ff; Hendnck, Child Welfare, p. 194.
12. J. MacNicol, 'The Evacuation of Schoolchildren', in H. L. Smith (ed.), War and Social Change. British Society in the Second World War (Manchester, 1986), pp. 3ff; Hendnck, Child Welfare, p. 194.
13. Board of Education and Board of Control, Report of the Mental Deficiency Committee (London, 1929), part III, pp. 79-82; Welshman, 'In Search of the "Problem Family"', 449.
14. Board of Education and Board of Control, Report of the Mental Deficiency Committee (London, 1929), part III, pp. 79-82; Welshman, 'In Search of the "Problem Family"', 449.
15. Women's Group on Public Welfare, Our Towns. A Close-Up. A Study Made During 1939-42 (Oxford, 1942), p. xiii.
16. Caradog Jones, whose work was recommended as essential reading for members of the Liverpool unit, had published widely on eugenics and his major study of Merseyside suggested eugenic explanations for the existence of a local manifestation of the social problem group. David Caradog Jones, The Social Survey of Merseyside, 11, vol. 3 (Liverpool, 1934), pp. 546-7. See also, David Caradog Jones, 'Mental Deficiency on Merseyside. Its Connection with the Social Problem Group', Eugenics Review, 24 (1932); David Caradog Jones, 'Differential Class Fertility', Eugenics Review, 24 (1932); David Caradog Jones, 'Eugenic Aspects of the Merseyside Survey', Eugenics Review, 28 (1936-37); David Caradog Jones, 'Eugenics and the Decline in Population', Eugenics Review, 28 (1936-37); David Caradog Jones, 'The Social Problem Group: Poverty and Subnormality of Intelligence', Canadian Bar Review (March 1945); David Caradog Jones, The Sotial Problem Group (Cambridge, 1945).
17. Caradog Jones, whose work was recommended as essential reading for members of the Liverpool unit, had published widely on eugenics and his major study of Merseyside suggested eugenic explanations for the existence of a local manifestation of the social problem group. David Caradog Jones, The Social Survey of Merseyside, 11, vol. 3 (Liverpool, 1934), pp. 546-7. See also, David Caradog Jones, 'Mental Deficiency on Merseyside. Its Connection with the Social Problem Group', Eugenics Review, 24 (1932); David Caradog Jones, 'Differential Class Fertility', Eugenics Review, 24 (1932); David Caradog Jones, 'Eugenic Aspects of the Merseyside Survey', Eugenics Review, 28 (1936-37); David Caradog Jones, 'Eugenics and the Decline in Population', Eugenics Review, 28 (1936-37); David Caradog Jones, 'The Social Problem Group: Poverty and Subnormality of Intelligence', Canadian Bar Review (March 1945); David Caradog Jones, The Sotial Problem Group (Cambridge, 1945).
18. Caradog Jones, whose work was recommended as essential reading for members of the Liverpool unit, had published widely on eugenics and his major study of Merseyside suggested eugenic explanations for the existence of a local manifestation of the social problem group. David Caradog Jones, The Social Survey of Merseyside, 11, vol. 3 (Liverpool, 1934), pp. 546-7. See also, David Caradog Jones, 'Mental Deficiency on Merseyside. Its Connection with the Social Problem Group', Eugenics Review, 24 (1932); David Caradog Jones, 'Differential Class Fertility', Eugenics Review, 24 (1932); David Caradog Jones, 'Eugenic Aspects of the Merseyside Survey', Eugenics Review, 28 (1936-37); David Caradog Jones, 'Eugenics and the Decline in Population', Eugenics Review, 28 (1936-37); David Caradog Jones, 'The Social Problem Group: Poverty and Subnormality of Intelligence', Canadian Bar Review (March 1945); David Caradog Jones, The Sotial Problem Group (Cambridge, 1945).
19. Caradog Jones, whose work was recommended as essential reading for members of the Liverpool unit, had published widely on eugenics and his major study of Merseyside suggested eugenic explanations for the existence of a local manifestation of the social problem group. David Caradog Jones, The Social Survey of Merseyside, 11, vol. 3 (Liverpool, 1934), pp. 546-7. See also, David Caradog Jones, 'Mental Deficiency on Merseyside. Its Connection with the Social Problem Group', Eugenics Review, 24 (1932); David Caradog Jones, 'Differential Class Fertility', Eugenics Review, 24 (1932); David Caradog Jones, 'Eugenic Aspects of the Merseyside Survey', Eugenics Review, 28 (1936-37); David Caradog Jones, 'Eugenics and the Decline in Population', Eugenics Review, 28 (1936-37); David Caradog Jones, 'The Social Problem Group: Poverty and Subnormality of Intelligence', Canadian Bar Review (March 1945); David Caradog Jones, The Sotial Problem Group (Cambridge, 1945).
20. Caradog Jones, whose work was recommended as essential reading for members of the Liverpool unit, had published widely on eugenics and his major study of Merseyside suggested eugenic explanations for the existence of a local manifestation of the social problem group. David Caradog Jones, The Social Survey of Merseyside, 11, vol. 3 (Liverpool, 1934), pp. 546-7. See also, David Caradog Jones, 'Mental Deficiency on Merseyside. Its Connection with the Social Problem Group', Eugenics Review, 24 (1932); David Caradog Jones, 'Differential Class Fertility', Eugenics Review, 24 (1932); David Caradog Jones, 'Eugenic Aspects of the Merseyside Survey', Eugenics Review, 28 (1936-37); David Caradog Jones, 'Eugenics and the Decline in Population', Eugenics Review, 28 (1936-37); David Caradog Jones, 'The Social Problem Group: Poverty and Subnormality of Intelligence', Canadian Bar Review (March 1945); David Caradog Jones, The Sotial Problem Group (Cambridge, 1945).
21. Caradog Jones, whose work was recommended as essential reading for members of the Liverpool unit, had published widely on eugenics and his major study of Merseyside suggested eugenic explanations for the existence of a local manifestation of the social problem group. David Caradog Jones, The Social Survey of Merseyside, 11, vol. 3 (Liverpool, 1934), pp. 546-7. See also, David Caradog Jones, 'Mental Deficiency on Merseyside. Its Connection with the Social Problem Group', Eugenics Review, 24 (1932); David Caradog Jones, 'Differential Class Fertility', Eugenics Review, 24 (1932); David Caradog Jones, 'Eugenic Aspects of the Merseyside Survey', Eugenics Review, 28 (1936-37); David Caradog Jones, 'Eugenics and the Decline in Population', Eugenics Review, 28 (1936-37); David Caradog Jones, 'The Social Problem Group: Poverty and Subnormality of Intelligence', Canadian Bar Review (March 1945); David Caradog Jones, The Sotial Problem Group (Cambridge, 1945).
22. Caradog Jones, whose work was recommended as essential reading for members of the Liverpool unit, had published widely on eugenics and his major study of Merseyside suggested eugenic explanations for the existence of a local manifestation of the social problem group. David Caradog Jones, The Social Survey of Merseyside, 11, vol. 3 (Liverpool, 1934), pp. 546-7. See also, David Caradog Jones, 'Mental Deficiency on Merseyside. Its Connection with the Social Problem Group', Eugenics Review, 24 (1932); David Caradog Jones, 'Differential Class Fertility', Eugenics Review, 24 (1932); David Caradog Jones, 'Eugenic Aspects of the Merseyside Survey', Eugenics Review, 28 (1936-37); David Caradog Jones, 'Eugenics and the Decline in Population', Eugenics Review, 28 (1936-37); David Caradog Jones, 'The Social Problem Group: Poverty and Subnormality of Intelligence', Canadian Bar Review (March 1945); David Caradog Jones, The Sotial Problem Group (Cambridge, 1945).
23. G. Jones, Social Hygiene in Twentieth-Century Britain (London, 1986), p. 137.
24. Case notes Liverpool PSU. n.d., but after October 1943. ULSCA D495(LI)M4. See also, T. Stephens, Problem Families (London, 1945), passim; E. McKie, Venture in Faith (Liverpool, 1963), pp. 1ff.
25. Case notes Liverpool PSU. n.d., but after October 1943. ULSCA D495(LI)M4. See also, T. Stephens, Problem Families (London, 1945), passim; E. McKie, Venture in Faith (Liverpool, 1963), pp. 1ff.
26. Liverpool Pacifist Service Unit and Casework, n.d. ULSCA D495(LI)M12.
27. Stephens, Problem Families.
28. Minutes of the Manchester and Salford PSU, 19 October 1944. ULSCA D495(MA)M2/1. See also ibid., 12 March 1946. ULSCA D495(MA)1/3.
29. Ibid., 30 July 1946. ULSCA D495(MA)M2.
30. Ibid., 20 August 1946. ULSCA D495(MA)M2.
31. Minutes of the Manchester and Salford Family Service Unit (hereafter FSU) Committee, 19 October 1948. ULSCA D495(MA)M2.
32. Minutes of the FSU National Executive Committee, 18 February 1949. ULSCA D495(HQ) M2/2.
33. Minutes of the Liverpool FSU Committee, 2 December 1952. ULSCA D495(LI)M2.
34. C. O. Stallybrass, 'Problem Families', Medical Officer, 75 (March 1946), 89;
35. C. O. Stallybrass, 'Problem Families', Social Work, 4 (1947), 30.
36. Minutes of the Liverpool FSU Committee, 29 January 1952. ULSCA D495(LI)M2.
37. Ibid., 16 October 1956. ULSCA D495(LI)M2.
38. Minutes of the FSU National Executive Committee, 27 May 1949. ULSCA D495(HQ)M2/2.
39. Ibid., 18 November 1949. ULSCA D495(HQ)M2/2.
40. Ibid., 7 March 1950. ULSCA D495(HQ)M2/2.
41. Ibid., 12 June 1950. ULSCAD495(HQ)M2/2.
42. Minutes of the Manchester and Salford FSU Casework Sub-Committee, 2 November 1950. ULSCA D495(MA)M3/1.
43. Ibid., 24 November 1950. ULSCA D495(HQ)M2/2.
44. Minutes of Sheffield FSU Committee, 20 November 1950. ULSCA D495(SH)M1. See also Minutes of the FSU National Executive Committee, 2 February 1951. ULSCA D495(HQ)M2.
45. Minutes of Sheffield FSU Committee, 13 February 1950. ULSCA 0495(SH)M1.
46. See, for example, C. H. Wright, 'Problem Families. A Review and Some Observations , Medical Officer, 94 (December 1955), 31-84.
47. Minutes of the FSU National Executive Committee, 1 February 1952. ULSC D495(HQ) M2/2.
48. Minutes of Islington FSU Committee, 6 April 1954. ULSCA D495(HQ) not listed.
49. Minutes of FSU National Executive Committee, 1 July 1962. ULSCA D495(HQ)M2/4 and ibid., 23 January 1963. ULSCA D495(HQ)M2/5.
50. Ibid., 24 November 1950. ULSCA D495(HQ)M2/2.
51. Ibid., 17 January 1951, 28 February 1951. ULSCA D495(HQ)M2/2.
52. Ibid., 19 April 1951. ULSCA D495(HQ)M2/2.
53. O. M. Blyth, 'Housing in Kensington: An Account of the Kensington Housing Trust Ltd', Social Work, 2 (1942), 214-24.
54. Minutes of a meeting called by Lord Balfour of Burleigh, 25 June 1946, to consider the formation of a service to problem families. ULSCA D495(HQ)M2/1.
55. Liverpool Council of Social Service, Problem Families. Report of a Conference Convened in Liverpool (Liverpool, 1946).
56. Letter to David Jones (National Secretary of FSU), 12 January 1953. See also letters to Jones, 6 August 1952 and 3 December 1951. ULSCA D495(HQ)M3/16-18.
57. Liverpool Council of Voluntary Service, The Outlook for Voluntary Social Service on Merseyside (Liverpool, 1950), p. 10.
58. Cohen, The Revolution in Post-War Family Casework, p. 50.
59. Minutes of the FSU National Executive Committee, 2 May 1948. ULSCA D495(HQ)M2/2.
60. Ibid., 28 November 1947. ULSCA D495(HQ)M2/2.
61. £350 each were given to the Manchester and Kensington and Paddington units, and £250 to Liverpool. Minutes of the FSU National Executive Committee, 18 February 1949. ULSCA D495 (HQ)M2/2.
62. Minutes of the FSU National Committee, 18 November 1949. ULSCA D495(HQ)M2/2.
63. Liverpool FSU, 1948-1958 (Liverpool, 1958). ULSCA D495(LI)P1.
64. Liverpool FSU, Annual Report, 1956-57. ULSCA D495(LI)M11/10.
65. Letter to David Jones from Sir Donald Allen, Clerk to the Trustees of the City Parochial Foundation, 31 March 1949. ULSCA D495(HQ)M3/16.
66. Hendrick, Child Welfare, pp. 217-18.
67. J. Packman, The Child's Generation (Oxford, 1981), pp. 54ff; Hendrick, Child Welfare, pp. 220ff.
68. J. Packman, The Child's Generation (Oxford, 1981), pp. 54ff; Hendrick, Child Welfare, pp. 220ff.
69. Kensington and Paddington FSU, Annual Report 1954-55. ULSCA D495(WL)M5/3.
70. Minutes of the Islington FSU Committee, 9 November 1954, 8 February 1955. ULSCA D495 (HQ) not listed.
71. Ibid., 19 August 1965. ULSCA D495(HQ) not listed.
72. Kensington and Paddington FSU, Annual Report, 1952-53. ULSCA D495(WL)M5/1.
73. Kensington and Paddington FSU, Annual Report, 1962-63. ULSCA D495(WL)M5/10.
74. Interview with Barbara Kahan, May 1990. cf Packman, The Child's Generation, pp. 60ff.
75. Ibid., p. 56.
76. Kensington and Paddington FSU, Annual Report, 1954-55. ULSCA D495(WL)M5/2.
77. Kensington and Paddington FSU, Annual Report, 1957-58. ULSCA D495(WL)M5/5.
78. Kensington and Paddington FSU, Annual Report, 1958-59. ULSCA D495(WL)M5/6.
79. Kensington and Paddington FSU, Annual Report, 1962-63. ULSCA D495(WL)M5/10.
80. Minutes of Sheffield FSU Committee, 19 November 1957. ULSCA D495(SH)M1/1.
81. Ibid., 18 March 1958. ULSCA D495(SH)M1.
82. Ibid., 20 January 1958. ULSCA D495(SH)M1.
83. Ibid., 20 January 1959. ULSCA D495(SH)M1.
84. Ibid., 21 July 1959. ULSCA D495(SH)M1.
85. C. P. Blacker (ed.), Problem Families - Five Enquiries (London, 1952).
86. A. F. Philp and N. Timms, The Problem of the Problem Family. A Critical Review of the Literature Concerning the Problem Family and its Treatment (London, 1957), p. ix.
87. R. C. Wofinden, 'Problem Families', Public Health (September 1944), 137; Blacker, Problem Families, p. 15. See also C. P. Blacker, Problem Families in Bristol (Eugenics Society Occasional Paper) (London 1950); P. Blacker, 'Problem Families', Eugenics Review, 38 (1946-47); C. P. Blacker, 'Homeless Children: A Survey of Children in the Scattered Homes, Rotherham', Medical Officer, 77 (May 1947).
88. R. C. Wofinden, 'Problem Families', Public Health (September 1944), 137; Blacker, Problem Families, p. 15. See also C. P. Blacker, Problem Families in Bristol (Eugenics Society Occasional Paper) (London 1950); P. Blacker, 'Problem Families', Eugenics Review, 38 (1946-47); C. P. Blacker, 'Homeless Children: A Survey of Children in the Scattered Homes, Rotherham', Medical Officer, 77 (May 1947).
89. R. C. Wofinden, 'Problem Families', Public Health (September 1944), 137; Blacker, Problem Families, p. 15. See also C. P. Blacker, Problem Families in Bristol (Eugenics Society Occasional Paper) (London 1950); P. Blacker, 'Problem Families', Eugenics Review, 38 (1946-47); C. P. Blacker, 'Homeless Children: A Survey of Children in the Scattered Homes, Rotherham', Medical Officer, 77 (May 1947).
90. R. C. Wofinden, 'Problem Families', Public Health (September 1944), 137; Blacker, Problem Families, p. 15. See also C. P. Blacker, Problem Families in Bristol (Eugenics Society Occasional Paper) (London 1950); P. Blacker, 'Problem Families', Eugenics Review, 38 (1946-47); C. P. Blacker, 'Homeless Children: A Survey of Children in the Scattered Homes, Rotherham', Medical Officer, 77 (May 1947).
91. R. C. Wofinden, 'Problem Families', Public Health (September 1944), 137; Blacker, Problem Families, p. 15. See also C. P. Blacker, Problem Families in Bristol (Eugenics Society Occasional Paper) (London 1950); P. Blacker, 'Problem Families', Eugenics Review, 38 (1946-47); C. P. Blacker, 'Homeless Children: A Survey of Children in the Scattered Homes, Rotherham', Medical Officer, 77 (May 1947).
92. Women's Group on Public Welfare, Our Towns, pp. 128ff.
93. See, for example, C. P. Blacker, 'Social Problem Families in the Limelight', Eugenics Review, 38 (1946); C. F. Brockington, 'Problem Families', The Medical Officer, 76 (February 1947); E. Howarth, 'Definition and Diagnosis of the Social Problem Family', Social Work, 10 (1953); D. Jones, 'Family Service Units for Problem Families', Eugenics Review, 41 (1950); A. E. Martin, 'Child Neglect. A Problem of Social Administration', Public Administration (Summer, 1944); C. H. Rolph, 'Derelict Families', New Statesman and Nation (13 May 1950); S. W. Savage, 'Intelligence and Infant Mortality in Problem Families', British Medical Journal, 1 (1946); S. W. Savage, 'Rehabilitation of Problem Families', Medical Officer, 75 (1946); J. A. Scott, Appendix on Problem Families in London (LCC, Public Health Dept., London, 1956); J. A. Scott, 'Problem Families in London', Medical Officer, 100 (August 1958); C. O. Stallybrass, 'Problem Families', Medical Officer, 75 (1946); C. O. Stallybrass, 'Problem Families', Social Work, 4 (1947); N. R. Tillett, 'The Derelict Family', New Statesman and Nation (April 1945); C. C. Tomlinson, Families in Trouble (Luton, 1946); M. Whale, 'Problem Families: The Case for Social Casework', Social Work, 11 (1954); H. C. M. Williams, 'Problem Families in Southampton', Eugenics Review, 47 (1956).
94. See, for example, C. P. Blacker, 'Social Problem Families in the Limelight', Eugenics Review, 38 (1946); C. F. Brockington, 'Problem Families', The Medical Officer, 76 (February 1947); E. Howarth, 'Definition and Diagnosis of the Social Problem Family', Social Work, 10 (1953); D. Jones, 'Family Service Units for Problem Families', Eugenics Review, 41 (1950); A. E. Martin, 'Child Neglect. A Problem of Social Administration', Public Administration (Summer, 1944); C. H. Rolph, 'Derelict Families', New Statesman and Nation (13 May 1950); S. W. Savage, 'Intelligence and Infant Mortality in Problem Families', British Medical Journal, 1 (1946); S. W. Savage, 'Rehabilitation of Problem Families', Medical Officer, 75 (1946); J. A. Scott, Appendix on Problem Families in London (LCC, Public Health Dept., London, 1956); J. A. Scott, 'Problem Families in London', Medical Officer, 100 (August 1958); C. O. Stallybrass, 'Problem Families', Medical Officer, 75 (1946); C. O. Stallybrass, 'Problem Families', Social Work, 4 (1947); N. R. Tillett, 'The Derelict Family', New Statesman and Nation (April 1945); C. C. Tomlinson, Families in Trouble (Luton, 1946); M. Whale, 'Problem Families: The Case for Social Casework', Social Work, 11 (1954); H. C. M. Williams, 'Problem Families in Southampton', Eugenics Review, 47 (1956).
95. See, for example, C. P. Blacker, 'Social Problem Families in the Limelight', Eugenics Review, 38 (1946); C. F. Brockington, 'Problem Families', The Medical Officer, 76 (February 1947); E. Howarth, 'Definition and Diagnosis of the Social Problem Family', Social Work, 10 (1953); D. Jones, 'Family Service Units for Problem Families', Eugenics Review, 41 (1950); A. E. Martin, 'Child Neglect. A Problem of Social Administration', Public Administration (Summer, 1944); C. H. Rolph, 'Derelict Families', New Statesman and Nation (13 May 1950); S. W. Savage, 'Intelligence and Infant Mortality in Problem Families', British Medical Journal, 1 (1946); S. W. Savage, 'Rehabilitation of Problem Families', Medical Officer, 75 (1946); J. A. Scott, Appendix on Problem Families in London (LCC, Public Health Dept., London, 1956); J. A. Scott, 'Problem Families in London', Medical Officer, 100 (August 1958); C. O. Stallybrass, 'Problem Families', Medical Officer, 75 (1946); C. O. Stallybrass, 'Problem Families', Social Work, 4 (1947); N. R. Tillett, 'The Derelict Family', New Statesman and Nation (April 1945); C. C. Tomlinson, Families in Trouble (Luton, 1946); M. Whale, 'Problem Families: The Case for Social Casework', Social Work, 11 (1954); H. C. M. Williams, 'Problem Families in Southampton', Eugenics Review, 47 (1956).
96. See, for example, C. P. Blacker, 'Social Problem Families in the Limelight', Eugenics Review, 38 (1946); C. F. Brockington, 'Problem Families', The Medical Officer, 76 (February 1947); E. Howarth, 'Definition and Diagnosis of the Social Problem Family', Social Work, 10 (1953); D. Jones, 'Family Service Units for Problem Families', Eugenics Review, 41 (1950); A. E. Martin, 'Child Neglect. A Problem of Social Administration', Public Administration (Summer, 1944); C. H. Rolph, 'Derelict Families', New Statesman and Nation (13 May 1950); S. W. Savage, 'Intelligence and Infant Mortality in Problem Families', British Medical Journal, 1 (1946); S. W. Savage, 'Rehabilitation of Problem Families', Medical Officer, 75 (1946); J. A. Scott, Appendix on Problem Families in London (LCC, Public Health Dept., London, 1956); J. A. Scott, 'Problem Families in London', Medical Officer, 100 (August 1958); C. O. Stallybrass, 'Problem Families', Medical Officer, 75 (1946); C. O. Stallybrass, 'Problem Families', Social Work, 4 (1947); N. R. Tillett, 'The Derelict Family', New Statesman and Nation (April 1945); C. C. Tomlinson, Families in Trouble (Luton, 1946); M. Whale, 'Problem Families: The Case for Social Casework', Social Work, 11 (1954); H. C. M. Williams, 'Problem Families in Southampton', Eugenics Review, 47 (1956).
97. See, for example, C. P. Blacker, 'Social Problem Families in the Limelight', Eugenics Review, 38 (1946); C. F. Brockington, 'Problem Families', The Medical Officer, 76 (February 1947); E. Howarth, 'Definition and Diagnosis of the Social Problem Family', Social Work, 10 (1953); D. Jones, 'Family Service Units for Problem Families', Eugenics Review, 41 (1950); A. E. Martin, 'Child Neglect. A Problem of Social Administration', Public Administration (Summer, 1944); C. H. Rolph, 'Derelict Families', New Statesman and Nation (13 May 1950); S. W. Savage, 'Intelligence and Infant Mortality in Problem Families', British Medical Journal, 1 (1946); S. W. Savage, 'Rehabilitation of Problem Families', Medical Officer, 75 (1946); J. A. Scott, Appendix on Problem Families in London (LCC, Public Health Dept., London, 1956); J. A. Scott, 'Problem Families in London', Medical Officer, 100 (August 1958); C. O. Stallybrass, 'Problem Families', Medical Officer, 75 (1946); C. O. Stallybrass, 'Problem Families', Social Work, 4 (1947); N. R. Tillett, 'The Derelict Family', New Statesman and Nation (April 1945); C. C. Tomlinson, Families in Trouble (Luton, 1946); M. Whale, 'Problem Families: The Case for Social Casework', Social Work, 11 (1954); H. C. M. Williams, 'Problem Families in Southampton', Eugenics Review, 47 (1956).
98. See, for example, C. P. Blacker, 'Social Problem Families in the Limelight', Eugenics Review, 38 (1946); C. F. Brockington, 'Problem Families', The Medical Officer, 76 (February 1947); E. Howarth, 'Definition and Diagnosis of the Social Problem Family', Social Work, 10 (1953); D. Jones, 'Family Service Units for Problem Families', Eugenics Review, 41 (1950); A. E. Martin, 'Child Neglect. A Problem of Social Administration', Public Administration (Summer, 1944); C. H. Rolph, 'Derelict Families', New Statesman and Nation (13 May 1950); S. W. Savage, 'Intelligence and Infant Mortality in Problem Families', British Medical Journal, 1 (1946); S. W. Savage, 'Rehabilitation of Problem Families', Medical Officer, 75 (1946); J. A. Scott, Appendix on Problem Families in London (LCC, Public Health Dept., London, 1956); J. A. Scott, 'Problem Families in London', Medical Officer, 100 (August 1958); C. O. Stallybrass, 'Problem Families', Medical Officer, 75 (1946); C. O. Stallybrass, 'Problem Families', Social Work, 4 (1947); N. R. Tillett, 'The Derelict Family', New Statesman and Nation (April 1945); C. C. Tomlinson, Families in Trouble (Luton, 1946); M. Whale, 'Problem Families: The Case for Social Casework', Social Work, 11 (1954); H. C. M. Williams, 'Problem Families in Southampton', Eugenics Review, 47 (1956).
99. See, for example, C. P. Blacker, 'Social Problem Families in the Limelight', Eugenics Review, 38 (1946); C. F. Brockington, 'Problem Families', The Medical Officer, 76 (February 1947); E. Howarth, 'Definition and Diagnosis of the Social Problem Family', Social Work, 10 (1953); D. Jones, 'Family Service Units for Problem Families', Eugenics Review, 41 (1950); A. E. Martin, 'Child Neglect. A Problem of Social Administration', Public Administration (Summer, 1944); C. H. Rolph, 'Derelict Families', New Statesman and Nation (13 May 1950); S. W. Savage, 'Intelligence and Infant Mortality in Problem Families', British Medical Journal, 1 (1946); S. W. Savage, 'Rehabilitation of Problem Families', Medical Officer, 75 (1946); J. A. Scott, Appendix on Problem Families in London (LCC, Public Health Dept., London, 1956); J. A. Scott, 'Problem Families in London', Medical Officer, 100 (August 1958); C. O. Stallybrass, 'Problem Families', Medical Officer, 75 (1946); C. O. Stallybrass, 'Problem Families', Social Work, 4 (1947); N. R. Tillett, 'The Derelict Family', New Statesman and Nation (April 1945); C. C. Tomlinson, Families in Trouble (Luton, 1946); M. Whale, 'Problem Families: The Case for Social Casework', Social Work, 11 (1954); H. C. M. Williams, 'Problem Families in Southampton', Eugenics Review, 47 (1956).
100. See, for example, C. P. Blacker, 'Social Problem Families in the Limelight', Eugenics Review, 38 (1946); C. F. Brockington, 'Problem Families', The Medical Officer, 76 (February 1947); E. Howarth, 'Definition and Diagnosis of the Social Problem Family', Social Work, 10 (1953); D. Jones, 'Family Service Units for Problem Families', Eugenics Review, 41 (1950); A. E. Martin, 'Child Neglect. A Problem of Social Administration', Public Administration (Summer, 1944); C. H. Rolph, 'Derelict Families', New Statesman and Nation (13 May 1950); S. W. Savage, 'Intelligence and Infant Mortality in Problem Families', British Medical Journal, 1 (1946); S. W. Savage, 'Rehabilitation of Problem Families', Medical Officer, 75 (1946); J. A. Scott, Appendix on Problem Families in London (LCC, Public Health Dept., London, 1956); J. A. Scott, 'Problem Families in London', Medical Officer, 100 (August 1958); C. O. Stallybrass, 'Problem Families', Medical Officer, 75 (1946); C. O. Stallybrass, 'Problem Families', Social Work, 4 (1947); N. R. Tillett, 'The Derelict Family', New Statesman and Nation (April 1945); C. C. Tomlinson, Families in Trouble (Luton, 1946); M. Whale, 'Problem Families: The Case for Social Casework', Social Work, 11 (1954); H. C. M. Williams, 'Problem Families in Southampton', Eugenics Review, 47 (1956).
101. See, for example, C. P. Blacker, 'Social Problem Families in the Limelight', Eugenics Review, 38 (1946); C. F. Brockington, 'Problem Families', The Medical Officer, 76 (February 1947); E. Howarth, 'Definition and Diagnosis of the Social Problem Family', Social Work, 10 (1953); D. Jones, 'Family Service Units for Problem Families', Eugenics Review, 41 (1950); A. E. Martin, 'Child Neglect. A Problem of Social Administration', Public Administration (Summer, 1944); C. H. Rolph, 'Derelict Families', New Statesman and Nation (13 May 1950); S. W. Savage, 'Intelligence and Infant Mortality in Problem Families', British Medical Journal, 1 (1946); S. W. Savage, 'Rehabilitation of Problem Families', Medical Officer, 75 (1946); J. A. Scott, Appendix on Problem Families in London (LCC, Public Health Dept., London, 1956); J. A. Scott, 'Problem Families in London', Medical Officer, 100 (August 1958); C. O. Stallybrass, 'Problem Families', Medical Officer, 75 (1946); C. O. Stallybrass, 'Problem Families', Social Work, 4 (1947); N. R. Tillett, 'The Derelict Family', New Statesman and Nation (April 1945); C. C. Tomlinson, Families in Trouble (Luton, 1946); M. Whale, 'Problem Families: The Case for Social Casework', Social Work, 11 (1954); H. C. M. Williams, 'Problem Families in Southampton', Eugenics Review, 47 (1956).
102. See, for example, C. P. Blacker, 'Social Problem Families in the Limelight', Eugenics Review, 38 (1946); C. F. Brockington, 'Problem Families', The Medical Officer, 76 (February 1947); E. Howarth, 'Definition and Diagnosis of the Social Problem Family', Social Work, 10 (1953); D. Jones, 'Family Service Units for Problem Families', Eugenics Review, 41 (1950); A. E. Martin, 'Child Neglect. A Problem of Social Administration', Public Administration (Summer, 1944); C. H. Rolph, 'Derelict Families', New Statesman and Nation (13 May 1950); S. W. Savage, 'Intelligence and Infant Mortality in Problem Families', British Medical Journal, 1 (1946); S. W. Savage, 'Rehabilitation of Problem Families', Medical Officer, 75 (1946); J. A. Scott, Appendix on Problem Families in London (LCC, Public Health Dept., London, 1956); J. A. Scott, 'Problem Families in London', Medical Officer, 100 (August 1958); C. O. Stallybrass, 'Problem Families', Medical Officer, 75 (1946); C. O. Stallybrass, 'Problem Families', Social Work, 4 (1947); N. R. Tillett, 'The Derelict Family', New Statesman and Nation (April 1945); C. C. Tomlinson, Families in Trouble (Luton, 1946); M. Whale, 'Problem Families: The Case for Social Casework', Social Work, 11 (1954); H. C. M. Williams, 'Problem Families in Southampton', Eugenics Review, 47 (1956).
103. See, for example, C. P. Blacker, 'Social Problem Families in the Limelight', Eugenics Review, 38 (1946); C. F. Brockington, 'Problem Families', The Medical Officer, 76 (February 1947); E. Howarth, 'Definition and Diagnosis of the Social Problem Family', Social Work, 10 (1953); D. Jones, 'Family Service Units for Problem Families', Eugenics Review, 41 (1950); A. E. Martin, 'Child Neglect. A Problem of Social Administration', Public Administration (Summer, 1944); C. H. Rolph, 'Derelict Families', New Statesman and Nation (13 May 1950); S. W. Savage, 'Intelligence and Infant Mortality in Problem Families', British Medical Journal, 1 (1946); S. W. Savage, 'Rehabilitation of Problem Families', Medical Officer, 75 (1946); J. A. Scott, Appendix on Problem Families in London (LCC, Public Health Dept., London, 1956); J. A. Scott, 'Problem Families in London', Medical Officer, 100 (August 1958); C. O. Stallybrass, 'Problem Families', Medical Officer, 75 (1946); C. O. Stallybrass, 'Problem Families', Social Work, 4 (1947); N. R. Tillett, 'The Derelict Family', New Statesman and Nation (April 1945); C. C. Tomlinson, Families in Trouble (Luton, 1946); M. Whale, 'Problem Families: The Case for Social Casework', Social Work, 11 (1954); H. C. M. Williams, 'Problem Families in Southampton', Eugenics Review, 47 (1956).
104. See, for example, C. P. Blacker, 'Social Problem Families in the Limelight', Eugenics Review, 38 (1946); C. F. Brockington, 'Problem Families', The Medical Officer, 76 (February 1947); E. Howarth, 'Definition and Diagnosis of the Social Problem Family', Social Work, 10 (1953); D. Jones, 'Family Service Units for Problem Families', Eugenics Review, 41 (1950); A. E. Martin, 'Child Neglect. A Problem of Social Administration', Public Administration (Summer, 1944); C. H. Rolph, 'Derelict Families', New Statesman and Nation (13 May 1950); S. W. Savage, 'Intelligence and Infant Mortality in Problem Families', British Medical Journal, 1 (1946); S. W. Savage, 'Rehabilitation of Problem Families', Medical Officer, 75 (1946); J. A. Scott, Appendix on Problem Families in London (LCC, Public Health Dept., London, 1956); J. A. Scott, 'Problem Families in London', Medical Officer, 100 (August 1958); C. O. Stallybrass, 'Problem Families', Medical Officer, 75 (1946); C. O. Stallybrass, 'Problem Families', Social Work, 4 (1947); N. R. Tillett, 'The Derelict Family', New Statesman and Nation (April 1945); C. C. Tomlinson, Families in Trouble (Luton, 1946); M. Whale, 'Problem Families: The Case for Social Casework', Social Work, 11 (1954); H. C. M. Williams, 'Problem Families in Southampton', Eugenics Review, 47 (1956).
105. See, for example, C. P. Blacker, 'Social Problem Families in the Limelight', Eugenics Review, 38 (1946); C. F. Brockington, 'Problem Families', The Medical Officer, 76 (February 1947); E. Howarth, 'Definition and Diagnosis of the Social Problem Family', Social Work, 10 (1953); D. Jones, 'Family Service Units for Problem Families', Eugenics Review, 41 (1950); A. E. Martin, 'Child Neglect. A Problem of Social Administration', Public Administration (Summer, 1944); C. H. Rolph, 'Derelict Families', New Statesman and Nation (13 May 1950); S. W. Savage, 'Intelligence and Infant Mortality in Problem Families', British Medical Journal, 1 (1946); S. W. Savage, 'Rehabilitation of Problem Families', Medical Officer, 75 (1946); J. A. Scott, Appendix on Problem Families in London (LCC, Public Health Dept., London, 1956); J. A. Scott, 'Problem Families in London', Medical Officer, 100 (August 1958); C. O. Stallybrass, 'Problem Families', Medical Officer, 75 (1946); C. O. Stallybrass, 'Problem Families', Social Work, 4 (1947); N. R. Tillett, 'The Derelict Family', New Statesman and Nation (April 1945); C. C. Tomlinson, Families in Trouble (Luton, 1946); M. Whale, 'Problem Families: The Case for Social Casework', Social Work, 11 (1954); H. C. M. Williams, 'Problem Families in Southampton', Eugenics Review, 47 (1956).
106. See, for example, C. P. Blacker, 'Social Problem Families in the Limelight', Eugenics Review, 38 (1946); C. F. Brockington, 'Problem Families', The Medical Officer, 76 (February 1947); E. Howarth, 'Definition and Diagnosis of the Social Problem Family', Social Work, 10 (1953); D. Jones, 'Family Service Units for Problem Families', Eugenics Review, 41 (1950); A. E. Martin, 'Child Neglect. A Problem of Social Administration', Public Administration (Summer, 1944); C. H. Rolph, 'Derelict Families', New Statesman and Nation (13 May 1950); S. W. Savage, 'Intelligence and Infant Mortality in Problem Families', British Medical Journal, 1 (1946); S. W. Savage, 'Rehabilitation of Problem Families', Medical Officer, 75 (1946); J. A. Scott, Appendix on Problem Families in London (LCC, Public Health Dept., London, 1956); J. A. Scott, 'Problem Families in London', Medical Officer, 100 (August 1958); C. O. Stallybrass, 'Problem Families', Medical Officer, 75 (1946); C. O. Stallybrass, 'Problem Families', Social Work, 4 (1947); N. R. Tillett, 'The Derelict Family', New Statesman and Nation (April 1945); C. C. Tomlinson, Families in Trouble (Luton, 1946); M. Whale, 'Problem Families: The Case for Social Casework', Social Work, 11 (1954); H. C. M. Williams, 'Problem Families in Southampton', Eugenics Review, 47 (1956).
107. See, for example, C. P. Blacker, 'Social Problem Families in the Limelight', Eugenics Review, 38 (1946); C. F. Brockington, 'Problem Families', The Medical Officer, 76 (February 1947); E. Howarth, 'Definition and Diagnosis of the Social Problem Family', Social Work, 10 (1953); D. Jones, 'Family Service Units for Problem Families', Eugenics Review, 41 (1950); A. E. Martin, 'Child Neglect. A Problem of Social Administration', Public Administration (Summer, 1944); C. H. Rolph, 'Derelict Families', New Statesman and Nation (13 May 1950); S. W. Savage, 'Intelligence and Infant Mortality in Problem Families', British Medical Journal, 1 (1946); S. W. Savage, 'Rehabilitation of Problem Families', Medical Officer, 75 (1946); J. A. Scott, Appendix on Problem Families in London (LCC, Public Health Dept., London, 1956); J. A. Scott, 'Problem Families in London', Medical Officer, 100 (August 1958); C. O. Stallybrass, 'Problem Families', Medical Officer, 75 (1946); C. O. Stallybrass, 'Problem Families', Social Work, 4 (1947); N. R. Tillett, 'The Derelict Family', New Statesman and Nation (April 1945); C. C. Tomlinson, Families in Trouble (Luton, 1946); M. Whale, 'Problem Families: The Case for Social Casework', Social Work, 11 (1954); H. C. M. Williams, 'Problem Families in Southampton', Eugenics Review, 47 (1956).
108. See, for example, C. P. Blacker, 'Social Problem Families in the Limelight', Eugenics Review, 38 (1946); C. F. Brockington, 'Problem Families', The Medical Officer, 76 (February 1947); E. Howarth, 'Definition and Diagnosis of the Social Problem Family', Social Work, 10 (1953); D. Jones, 'Family Service Units for Problem Families', Eugenics Review, 41 (1950); A. E. Martin, 'Child Neglect. A Problem of Social Administration', Public Administration (Summer, 1944); C. H. Rolph, 'Derelict Families', New Statesman and Nation (13 May 1950); S. W. Savage, 'Intelligence and Infant Mortality in Problem Families', British Medical Journal, 1 (1946); S. W. Savage, 'Rehabilitation of Problem Families', Medical Officer, 75 (1946); J. A. Scott, Appendix on Problem Families in London (LCC, Public Health Dept., London, 1956); J. A. Scott, 'Problem Families in London', Medical Officer, 100 (August 1958); C. O. Stallybrass, 'Problem Families', Medical Officer, 75 (1946); C. O. Stallybrass, 'Problem Families', Social Work, 4 (1947); N. R. Tillett, 'The Derelict Family', New Statesman and Nation (April 1945); C. C. Tomlinson, Families in Trouble (Luton, 1946); M. Whale, 'Problem Families: The Case for Social Casework', Social Work, 11 (1954); H. C. M. Williams, 'Problem Families in Southampton', Eugenics Review, 47 (1956).
109. City Parochial Foundation File. ULSCA D495(HQ) not listed.
110. Blacker, Problem Families, p. 79.
111. Public Record Office, Kew MH134/11: Home Office (circular 157/50), Ministry of Health (circular 7/50) and Ministry of Education (circular 225/50), Children Neglected or Ill-Treated in Their Own Homes, 31 July 1950.
112. Welshman, 'In Search of the "Problem Family"', 457.
113. Bristol Record Office (hereafter BRO), 33416 (26)a. Report of the Medical Officer of Health [hereafter MOH] for 1950, pp. 50-88. The choice of type of worker varied from city to city; in Leicester, for example, home helps were employed to work with problem families. Welshman, 'In Search of the "Problem Family"', 458.
114. Bristol Record Office (hereafter BRO), 33416 (26)a. Report of the Medical Officer of Health [hereafter MOH] for 1950, pp. 50-88. The choice of type of worker varied from city to city; in Leicester, for example, home helps were employed to work with problem families. Welshman, 'In Search of the "Problem Family"', 458.
115. BRO 33416 (26)b. Report of the MOH for 1951, pp. 20-21. See also BRO 33416 (28)b. Report of the MOH for 1956, B4.
116. BRO 33416 (26)b. Report of the MOH for 1951, pp. 20-21. See also BRO 33416 (28)b. Report of the MOH for 1956, B4.
117. A. Querido, 'The Problem Family in the Netherlands', Medical Officer, 75 (1946), 193. cf. R. C. Wofinden, 'Unsatisfactory Families', Medical Officer, 94 (1955), 386.
118. A. Querido, 'The Problem Family in the Netherlands', Medical Officer, 75 (1946), 193. cf. R. C. Wofinden, 'Unsatisfactory Families', Medical Officer, 94 (1955), 386.
119. Stephens, Problem Families.
120. Letter from David Jones to Dr R. H. Parry, 8 February 1952. ULSCA D495(BL)M2.
121. Letter from Parry to Jones, 29 May 1952. cf. BRO, Bristol Corporation Act 1950. 14 Geo 6. Part VI, p. 52.
122. BRO 33416 (26)3 Report of the MOH for 1952, E9. BRO 33416 (27)b Report of the MOH for 1953, B21. cf. Letter to Alf Strange (Fieldwork Organiser, Bristol FSU) from David Jones, 12 January 1953. ULSCA D495(BL)M2.
123. BRO 33416 (26)3 Report of the MOH for 1952, E9. BRO 33416 (27)b Report of the MOH for 1953, B21. cf. Letter to Alf Strange (Fieldwork Organiser, Bristol FSU) from David Jones, 12 January 1953. ULSCA D495(BL)M2.
124. Letter from Jones to Strange, 8 July 1952. ULSCA D495(HQ)B1/4.
125. BRO 33416 (27)b Report of the MOH for 1953, B21.
126. In a letter to Jones, 24 January 1953, Strange recorded his dismay that all official contacts had to be made through the Health Department Liaison Officer and urged the need for FSU to operate as an independent body. ULSCA D495(BL)M2.
127. Letter from Parry to Jones, 8 July 1952. ULSCA D495(BL)M2. BRO, 33416 (27)b. Report of the MOH for 1953. Report to Health (Nursing Services Sub) Committee, B21. See also, Report from the FSU National Executive Committee, 19 April 1953. ULSCA D495(HQ)B1.
128. Letter from Parry to Jones, 8 July 1952. ULSCA D495(BL)M2. BRO, 33416 (27)b. Report of the MOH for 1953. Report to Health (Nursing Services Sub) Committee, B21. See also, Report from the FSU National Executive Committee, 19 April 1953. ULSCA D495(HQ)B1.
129. Coordination with NSPCC, n.d, ULSCA, D495(HQ)B1-B4. BRO 33416 (29)b
130. Report of the MOH for 1960. B19.
131. See above, XXX.
132. The Organisation of Family Service Units, p. 1. n.d., but probably from c. 1958. D495(HQ) M3/21-22.
133. Ibid., p. 2.
134. Bristol FSU, Annual Report, 1955. ULSCA D495(BL)M1.
135. Blacker, Problem Families.
136. Letter from Jones to Strange, 27 August 1953. ULSCA D495(BL)M2.
137. See, for example, BRO 33416 27(b) Report of the MOH for 1954, B22; BRO 33416 (28)a Report of the MOH for 1955, B22; BRO 33416 (28)c Report of the MOH for 1956, B16; BRO 33416 (28)d Report of the MOH for 1958, B17. See also, FSU Report for the Medical Officer of Health, 1958. ULSCA D495(BL)M1.
138. See, for example, BRO 33416 27(b) Report of the MOH for 1954, B22; BRO 33416 (28)a Report of the MOH for 1955, B22; BRO 33416 (28)c Report of the MOH for 1956, B16; BRO 33416 (28)d Report of the MOH for 1958, B17. See also, FSU Report for the Medical Officer of Health, 1958. ULSCA D495(BL)M1.
139. See, for example, BRO 33416 27(b) Report of the MOH for 1954, B22; BRO 33416 (28)a Report of the MOH for 1955, B22; BRO 33416 (28)c Report of the MOH for 1956, B16; BRO 33416 (28)d Report of the MOH for 1958, B17. See also, FSU Report for the Medical Officer of Health, 1958. ULSCA D495(BL)M1.
140. See, for example, BRO 33416 27(b) Report of the MOH for 1954, B22; BRO 33416 (28)a Report of the MOH for 1955, B22; BRO 33416 (28)c Report of the MOH for 1956, B16; BRO 33416 (28)d Report of the MOH for 1958, B17. See also, FSU Report for the Medical Officer of Health, 1958. ULSCA D495(BL)M1.
141. See, for example, BRO 33416 27(b) Report of the MOH for 1954, B22; BRO 33416 (28)a Report of the MOH for 1955, B22; BRO 33416 (28)c Report of the MOH for 1956, B16; BRO 33416 (28)d Report of the MOH for 1958, B17. See also, FSU Report for the Medical Officer of Health, 1958. ULSCA D495(BL)M1.
142. BRO 33416 (29)d Report of the MOH for 1961, B18.
143. Letter from Wofinden about a family help scheme he had observed in Kent. BRO. Minutes of the Children's Committee and Sub-Committees. 1958-1961. Minutes of the Children's Committee, 9 June 1959. At the meeting of the Children's Committee, 30 October 1959, it was agreed that such a service should be started in Bristol, under the auspices of the Public Health Department and the Children's Department. Ibid., 30 October 1959.
144. Letter from Wofinden about a family help scheme he had observed in Kent. BRO. Minutes of the Children's Committee and Sub-Committees. 1958-1961. Minutes of the Children's Committee, 9 June 1959. At the meeting of the Children's Committee, 30 October 1959, it was agreed that such a service should be started in Bristol, under the auspices of the Public Health Department and the Children's Department. Ibid., 30 October 1959.
145. Letter from T. Johnstone (Bristol Children's Officer) to Strange, 23 November 1964. ULSCA D495(HQ)B1/4. See also, Bristol FSU, n.d. but probably 1966. ULSCA D495(BL)M1.
146. BRO, Minutes of the Children's Committee and Sub-Committees. Minutes of the Children's Committee, 30 October 1963. See also BRO 33416(30)c Report of the MOH for 1963, 57.
147. Wofinden had succeeded Parry as MOH in 1956.
148. BRO 33416 (30)c Report of the MOH for 1963, 56.
149. BRO, Minutes of the Meeting of the Representatives of Health, Children's, Housing and Welfare Service Committees, 10 March 1964. BRO 33416 (30)a Report of the MOH for 1964, 43. Notes of Meeting of Southmead Community Council, 31 August 1966. ULSCA D495(BL)M2.
150. Letter from A. F. Philp (National Secretary of FSU) to Wofinden, 21 September 1966. ULSCA D495(HQ)B1-B4. cf. Bristol FSU. ULSCA D495(BL)M1.
151. Note in day-to-day recording by Strange, 12 June 1963. ULSCA D495(HQ)B1/4.
152. BRO 33416(28)c Report of the MOHfor 1957, B14.
153. B. Wootton, Social Science and Social Pathology (London, 1959), pp. 268ff.
154. Letter from Strange to Johnstone, 20 November 1964, and reply, 23 November 1964. ULSCA D495(BL)M2.
155. Note in day-to-day recording by Strange, 7 December 1960. ULSCA D495(HQ)B1/4.
156. Letter to Philp from the Town Clerk of Bristol, 26 January 1967. ULSCA D495(HQ)B1/4.
157. Confidential memo to all members of the FSU National Executive and Personnel Committees from the National Secretary, 6 February 1967. ULSCA D495(HQ)B1/4.
158. BRO 33416(31)a Report of the MOH for 1965, p. 49. See also, FSU Report on Mothers' Group, n.d., but probably c. 1958. ULSCA D495(HQ)B1.
159. BRO 33416(31)a Report of the MOH for 1965, p. 49. See also, FSU Report on Mothers' Group, n.d., but probably c. 1958. ULSCA D495(HQ)B1.
160. Letter to Councillor England from FSU supporters' group, 2 Sep 1966. ULSCA D495(BL)M2. See also, Evening Post, 18, 21, 22, 23, 28 February, 1967.
161. Minutes of the FSU National Executive Committee, 1 February 1952. ULSCA D495(HQ)M2.
162. Minutes of the FSU Fieldwork Organisers' Meeting, 20-21 September 1965. ULSCA D495(HQ) M3/1.
163. Minutes of the FSU National Executive Committee, 18 March 1964, 13 May 1964 and 7 October 1964. ULSCA D495(HQ)M2/5.
164. Ibid., 4 October 1967. ULSCA D495(HQ)M2/5.
165. Minutes of the FSU Fieldwork Organisen' Meeting, 20-21 September 1965. ULSCA D495(HQ)M3/1.
166. Kensington and Paddington FSU, Annual Report, 1964-65. ULSCA D495(WL)M5/12.
167. Minutes of Islington FSU Committee, 9 January 1967. ULSCA D495(HQ) not listed.
168. Minutes of the FSU Fieldwork Organisers' Meeting, 20-21 September 1965. D495(HQ)M3/1.
169. Welshman, 'In Search of the "Problem Family"', pp. 464-5.
170. P. Hall, Reforming the Welfare (London, 1976), p. 112; Hendrick, Child Welfare, pp. 217ff; M. P. Hall, The Social Services of Modern England (London, 1963), pp. 232ff.
171. P. Hall, Reforming the Welfare (London, 1976), p. 112; Hendrick, Child Welfare, pp. 217ff; M. P. Hall, The Social Services of Modern England (London, 1963), pp. 232ff.
172. P. Hall, Reforming the Welfare (London, 1976), p. 112; Hendrick, Child Welfare, pp. 217ff; M. P. Hall, The Social Services of Modern England (London, 1963), pp. 232ff.
173. Report of the Committee on Children and Young Persons, Chairman Viscount Ingleby (Cmnd. 1191) (London, 1960) (Ingleby Report).
174. Ingleby Report, pp. 7ff.
175. BRO 33416 (27)b Report of the MOH for 1953, B24.
176. BRO 33416(31)a Report of the MOH for 1965, p. 49.
177. BRO 33416(31)a Report of the MOH for 1966, p. 38.
178. BRO 33416(31)a Report of the MOH for 1967, p. 52.
179. BRO 33416 (31)a Report of the MOH for 1965, p. 10.
180. BRO 33416(29)d Report of the MOH for 1961, B16.
181. BRO 33416(31)a Report of the MOH for 1965, p. 49.