At the intersection of histories: Technology and the environment

Technology and Culture

Volumn 39, Issue 4, 1998, Pages 601-640

  Stine, Jeffrey K ^a   Tarr, Joel A ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0032236392     PISSN: 0040165X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1353/tech.1998.0101     Document Type: Article

References (462)

1. The articles, which appeared in Technology and Culture 38 (July 1997), included Hugh Gorman, "Manufacturing Brownfields: The Case of Neville Island, Pennsylvania"; Eugene Levy, "The Aesthetics of Power: High-Voltage Transmission Systems and the American Landscape"; Warren Belasco, "Algae Burgers for a Hungry World? The Rise and Fall of Chlorella Cuisine"; J. Morton Briggs, "Pollution in Poullaouen"; and Edmund Newell, "Atmospheric Pollution and the British Copper Industry, 1690-1920."
2. The articles, which appeared in Technology and Culture 38 (July 1997), included Hugh Gorman, "Manufacturing Brownfields: The Case of Neville Island, Pennsylvania"; Eugene Levy, "The Aesthetics of Power: High-Voltage Transmission Systems and the American Landscape"; Warren Belasco, "Algae Burgers for a Hungry World? The Rise and Fall of Chlorella Cuisine"; J. Morton Briggs, "Pollution in Poullaouen"; and Edmund Newell, "Atmospheric Pollution and the British Copper Industry, 1690-1920."
3. The articles, which appeared in Technology and Culture 38 (July 1997), included Hugh Gorman, "Manufacturing Brownfields: The Case of Neville Island, Pennsylvania"; Eugene Levy, "The Aesthetics of Power: High-Voltage Transmission Systems and the American Landscape"; Warren Belasco, "Algae Burgers for a Hungry World? The Rise and Fall of Chlorella Cuisine"; J. Morton Briggs, "Pollution in Poullaouen"; and Edmund Newell, "Atmospheric Pollution and the British Copper Industry, 1690-1920."
4. The articles, which appeared in Technology and Culture 38 (July 1997), included Hugh Gorman, "Manufacturing Brownfields: The Case of Neville Island, Pennsylvania"; Eugene Levy, "The Aesthetics of Power: High-Voltage Transmission Systems and the American Landscape"; Warren Belasco, "Algae Burgers for a Hungry World? The Rise and Fall of Chlorella Cuisine"; J. Morton Briggs, "Pollution in Poullaouen"; and Edmund Newell, "Atmospheric Pollution and the British Copper Industry, 1690-1920."
5. The articles, which appeared in Technology and Culture 38 (July 1997), included Hugh Gorman, "Manufacturing Brownfields: The Case of Neville Island, Pennsylvania"; Eugene Levy, "The Aesthetics of Power: High-Voltage Transmission Systems and the American Landscape"; Warren Belasco, "Algae Burgers for a Hungry World? The Rise and Fall of Chlorella Cuisine"; J. Morton Briggs, "Pollution in Poullaouen"; and Edmund Newell, "Atmospheric Pollution and the British Copper Industry, 1690-1920."
6. In his field-defining Bibliography of the History of Technology (Cambridge, Mass., 1968), Eugene S. Ferguson included a brief section titled "Human Ecology and Natural Resources." Among the seventeen eclectic works cited - most not written by historians - were Gordon T. Goodman, ed., Ecology and the Industrial Society: A Symposium of the British Ecological Society (New York, 1965); Stewart L. Udall, The Quiet Crisis (New York, 1963); Sam B. Warner Jr., Streetcar Suburbs: The Process of Growth in Boston, 1870-1900 (Cambridge, Mass., 1962); and Lynn White jr., "The Legacy of the Middle Ages in the American Wild West," Speculum 40 (April 1965): 191-202. Although Ferguson showed foresight in identifying a promising area of investigation, he was not outlining an integrated, established body of literature.
7. In his field-defining Bibliography of the History of Technology (Cambridge, Mass., 1968), Eugene S. Ferguson included a brief section titled "Human Ecology and Natural Resources." Among the seventeen eclectic works cited - most not written by historians - were Gordon T. Goodman, ed., Ecology and the Industrial Society: A Symposium of the British Ecological Society (New York, 1965); Stewart L. Udall, The Quiet Crisis (New York, 1963); Sam B. Warner Jr., Streetcar Suburbs: The Process of Growth in Boston, 1870-1900 (Cambridge, Mass., 1962); and Lynn White jr., "The Legacy of the Middle Ages in the American Wild West," Speculum 40 (April 1965): 191-202. Although Ferguson showed foresight in identifying a promising area of investigation, he was not outlining an integrated, established body of literature.
8. In his field-defining Bibliography of the History of Technology (Cambridge, Mass., 1968), Eugene S. Ferguson included a brief section titled "Human Ecology and Natural Resources." Among the seventeen eclectic works cited - most not written by historians -were Gordon T. Goodman, ed., Ecology and the Industrial Society: A Symposium of the British Ecological Society (New York, 1965); Stewart L. Udall, The Quiet Crisis (New York, 1963); Sam B. Warner Jr., Streetcar Suburbs: The Process of Growth in Boston, 1870-1900 (Cambridge, Mass., 1962); and Lynn White jr., "The Legacy of the Middle Ages in the American Wild West," Speculum 40 (April 1965): 191-202. Although Ferguson showed foresight in identifying a promising area of investigation, he was not outlining an integrated, established body of literature.
9. In his field-defining Bibliography of the History of Technology (Cambridge, Mass., 1968), Eugene S. Ferguson included a brief section titled "Human Ecology and Natural Resources." Among the seventeen eclectic works cited - most not written by historians - were Gordon T. Goodman, ed., Ecology and the Industrial Society: A Symposium of the British Ecological Society (New York, 1965); Stewart L. Udall, The Quiet Crisis (New York, 1963); Sam B. Warner Jr., Streetcar Suburbs: The Process of Growth in Boston, 1870-1900 (Cambridge, Mass., 1962); and Lynn White jr., "The Legacy of the Middle Ages in the American Wild West," Speculum 40 (April 1965): 191-202. Although Ferguson showed foresight in identifying a promising area of investigation, he was not outlining an integrated, established body of literature.
10. In his field-defining Bibliography of the History of Technology (Cambridge, Mass., 1968), Eugene S. Ferguson included a brief section titled "Human Ecology and Natural Resources." Among the seventeen eclectic works cited - most not written by historians - were Gordon T. Goodman, ed., Ecology and the Industrial Society: A Symposium of the British Ecological Society (New York, 1965); Stewart L. Udall, The Quiet Crisis (New York, 1963); Sam B. Warner Jr., Streetcar Suburbs: The Process of Growth in Boston, 1870-1900 (Cambridge, Mass., 1962); and Lynn White jr., "The Legacy of the Middle Ages in the American Wild West," Speculum 40 (April 1965): 191-202. Although Ferguson showed foresight in identifying a promising area of investigation, he was not outlining an integrated, established body of literature.
11. In his field-defining Bibliography of the History of Technology (Cambridge, Mass., 1968), Eugene S. Ferguson included a brief section titled "Human Ecology and Natural Resources." Among the seventeen eclectic works cited - most not written by historians - were Gordon T. Goodman, ed., Ecology and the Industrial Society: A Symposium of the British Ecological Society (New York, 1965); Stewart L. Udall, The Quiet Crisis (New York, 1963); Sam B. Warner Jr., Streetcar Suburbs: The Process of Growth in Boston, 1870-1900 (Cambridge, Mass., 1962); and Lynn White jr., "The Legacy of the Middle Ages in the American Wild West," Speculum 40 (April 1965): 191-202. Although Ferguson showed foresight in identifying a promising area of investigation, he was not outlining an integrated, established body of literature.
12. See, for example, the following publications by Lewis Mumford: Technics and Civilization (New York, 1934); The Culture of Cities (New York, 1938); "The Natural History of Urbanization," in Man's Role in Changing the Face of the Earth, ed. William L. Thomas Jr. (Chicago, 1956); The City in History: Its Origins, Its Transformations, and Its Prospects (New York, 1961); and The Highway and the City (New York, 1963).
13. See, for example, the following publications by Lewis Mumford: Technics and Civilization (New York, 1934); The Culture of Cities (New York, 1938); "The Natural History of Urbanization," in Man's Role in Changing the Face of the Earth, ed. William L. Thomas Jr. (Chicago, 1956); The City in History: Its Origins, Its Transformations, and Its Prospects (New York, 1961); and The Highway and the City (New York, 1963).
14. See, for example, the following publications by Lewis Mumford: Technics and Civilization (New York, 1934); The Culture of Cities (New York, 1938); "The Natural History of Urbanization," in Man's Role in Changing the Face of the Earth, ed. William L. Thomas Jr. (Chicago, 1956); The City in History: Its Origins, Its Transformations, and Its Prospects (New York, 1961); and The Highway and the City (New York, 1963).
15. See, for example, the following publications by Lewis Mumford: Technics and Civilization (New York, 1934); The Culture of Cities (New York, 1938); "The Natural History of Urbanization," in Man's Role in Changing the Face of the Earth, ed. William L. Thomas Jr. (Chicago, 1956); The City in History: Its Origins, Its Transformations, and Its Prospects (New York, 1961); and The Highway and the City (New York, 1963).
16. See, for example, the following publications by Lewis Mumford: Technics and Civilization (New York, 1934); The Culture of Cities (New York, 1938); "The Natural History of Urbanization," in Man's Role in Changing the Face of the Earth, ed. William L. Thomas Jr. (Chicago, 1956); The City in History: Its Origins, Its Transformations, and Its Prospects (New York, 1961); and The Highway and the City (New York, 1963).
17. William L. Thomas Jr., ed., Man's Role in Changing the Face of the Earth (Chicago, 1956).
18. Henry Nash Smith, Virgin Land: The American West as Symbol and Myth (Cambridge, Mass., 1950); Leo Marx, The Machine in the Garden: Technology and the Pastoral Ideal in America (New York, 1964); Marvin Fisher, Workshops in the Wilderness: The European Response to American Industrialization, 1830-1860 (New York, 1967); and John F. Kasson, Civilizing the Machine: Technology and Republican Values in America, 1776-1900 (New York, 1976). Leo Marx now concentrates on ecological questions. See, for example, his "The Domination of Nature and the Redefinition of Progress," in Progress: Fact or Illusion? ed. Leo Marx and Bruce Mazlish (Ann Arbor, Mich., 1996); and "Technology: The Emergence of a Hazardous Concept," Social Research 64 (1997): 965-88.
19. Henry Nash Smith, Virgin Land: The American West as Symbol and Myth (Cambridge, Mass., 1950); Leo Marx, The Machine in the Garden: Technology and the Pastoral Ideal in America (New York, 1964); Marvin Fisher, Workshops in the Wilderness: The European Response to American Industrialization, 1830-1860 (New York, 1967); and John F. Kasson, Civilizing the Machine: Technology and Republican Values in America, 1776-1900 (New York, 1976). Leo Marx now concentrates on ecological questions. See, for example, his "The Domination of Nature and the Redefinition of Progress," in Progress: Fact or Illusion? ed. Leo Marx and Bruce Mazlish (Ann Arbor, Mich., 1996); and "Technology: The Emergence of a Hazardous Concept," Social Research 64 (1997): 965-88.
20. Henry Nash Smith, Virgin Land: The American West as Symbol and Myth (Cambridge, Mass., 1950); Leo Marx, The Machine in the Garden: Technology and the Pastoral Ideal in America (New York, 1964); Marvin Fisher, Workshops in the Wilderness: The European Response to American Industrialization, 1830-1860 (New York, 1967); and John F. Kasson, Civilizing the Machine: Technology and Republican Values in America, 1776-1900 (New York, 1976). Leo Marx now concentrates on ecological questions. See, for example, his "The Domination of Nature and the Redefinition of Progress," in Progress: Fact or Illusion? ed. Leo Marx and Bruce Mazlish (Ann Arbor, Mich., 1996); and "Technology: The Emergence of a Hazardous Concept," Social Research 64 (1997): 965-88.
21. Henry Nash Smith, Virgin Land: The American West as Symbol and Myth (Cambridge, Mass., 1950); Leo Marx, The Machine in the Garden: Technology and the Pastoral Ideal in America (New York, 1964); Marvin Fisher, Workshops in the Wilderness: The European Response to American Industrialization, 1830-1860 (New York, 1967); and John F. Kasson, Civilizing the Machine: Technology and Republican Values in America, 1776-1900 (New York, 1976). Leo Marx now concentrates on ecological questions. See, for example, his "The Domination of Nature and the Redefinition of Progress," in Progress: Fact or Illusion? ed. Leo Marx and Bruce Mazlish (Ann Arbor, Mich., 1996); and "Technology: The Emergence of a Hazardous Concept," Social Research 64 (1997): 965-88.
22. Henry Nash Smith, Virgin Land: The American West as Symbol and Myth (Cambridge, Mass., 1950); Leo Marx, The Machine in the Garden: Technology and the Pastoral Ideal in America (New York, 1964); Marvin Fisher, Workshops in the Wilderness: The European Response to American Industrialization, 1830-1860 (New York, 1967); and John F. Kasson, Civilizing the Machine: Technology and Republican Values in America, 1776-1900 (New York, 1976). Leo Marx now concentrates on ecological questions. See, for example, his "The Domination of Nature and the Redefinition of Progress," in Progress: Fact or Illusion? ed. Leo Marx and Bruce Mazlish (Ann Arbor, Mich., 1996); and "Technology: The Emergence of a Hazardous Concept," Social Research 64 (1997): 965-88.
23. Henry Nash Smith, Virgin Land: The American West as Symbol and Myth (Cambridge, Mass., 1950); Leo Marx, The Machine in the Garden: Technology and the Pastoral Ideal in America (New York, 1964); Marvin Fisher, Workshops in the Wilderness: The European Response to American Industrialization, 1830-1860 (New York, 1967); and John F. Kasson, Civilizing the Machine: Technology and Republican Values in America, 1776-1900 (New York, 1976). Leo Marx now concentrates on ecological questions. See, for example, his "The Domination of Nature and the Redefinition of Progress," in Progress: Fact or Illusion? ed. Leo Marx and Bruce Mazlish (Ann Arbor, Mich., 1996); and "Technology: The Emergence of a Hazardous Concept," Social Research 64 (1997): 965-88.
24. Lynn White jr., "The Historical Roots of Our Ecological Crisis," Science 155 (10 March 1967): 1203-7.
25. A. Hunter Dupree, "Comment: The Role of Technology in Society and the Need for Historical Perspective," Technology and Culture 10 (October 1969): 528-34. Of Dupree's first four doctoral students, three - James L. Penick, Morgan B. Sherwood, and Donald C. Swain - went into conservation history, while only one, Carroll W. Pursell, went into the history of technology.
26. Nathan Rosenberg, "Technology and the Environment," Technology and Culture 12 (October 1971): 543-61. See also Nathan Rosenberg, Technology and American Economic Growth (New York, 1972), 186-201. For an extended economic analysis of industrialization's environmental impacts, see Richard G. Wilkinson, "The English Industrial Revolution," in The Ends of the Earth: Perspectives on Modern Environmental History, ed. Donald Worster (New York, 1988).
27. Nathan Rosenberg, "Technology and the Environment," Technology and Culture 12 (October 1971): 543-61. See also Nathan Rosenberg, Technology and American Economic Growth (New York, 1972), 186-201. For an extended economic analysis of industrialization's environmental impacts, see Richard G. Wilkinson, "The English Industrial Revolution," in The Ends of the Earth: Perspectives on Modern Environmental History, ed. Donald Worster (New York, 1988).
28. Nathan Rosenberg, "Technology and the Environment," Technology and Culture 12 (October 1971): 543-61. See also Nathan Rosenberg, Technology and American Economic Growth (New York, 1972), 186-201. For an extended economic analysis of industrialization's environmental impacts, see Richard G. Wilkinson, "The English Industrial Revolution," in The Ends of the Earth: Perspectives on Modern Environmental History, ed. Donald Worster (New York, 1988).
29. Thomas Parke Hughes, ed., Changing Attitudes toward American Technology (New York, 1975). In contrast, the other standard history of technology anthology of the period, Edwin T. Layton Jr., ed., Technology and Social Change in America (New York, 1973), virtually ignored environmental variables, except for brief mentions of pollution concerns by Herbert J. Muller in his chapter, "Human Values and Modern Technology," and by the editor himself in his introduction.
30. Thomas Parke Hughes, ed., Changing Attitudes toward American Technology (New York, 1975). In contrast, the other standard history of technology anthology of the period, Edwin T. Layton Jr., ed., Technology and Social Change in America (New York, 1973), virtually ignored environmental variables, except for brief mentions of pollution concerns by Herbert J. Muller in his chapter, "Human Values and Modern Technology," and by the editor himself in his introduction.
31. Thomas Parke Hughes, ed., Changing Attitudes toward American Technology (New York, 1975). In contrast, the other standard history of technology anthology of the period, Edwin T. Layton Jr., ed., Technology and Social Change in America (New York, 1973), virtually ignored environmental variables, except for brief mentions of pollution concerns by Herbert J. Muller in his chapter, "Human Values and Modern Technology," and by the editor himself in his introduction.
32. See Melvin Kranzberg, "Environmental Problems and Technology," Environment and Culture (English translation of Japanese title) 12 (October 1974): 2-9; and "The Ecological Implications of Technology Transfer," in Fourteenth International Congress of the History of Science, Japan (Tokyo, 1975). He later expanded upon these themes in his 1985 SHOT presidential address, making several references to how historians of technology should address environmental considerations. See Melvin Kranzberg, "Technology and History: 'Kranzberg's Laws,'" Technology and Culture 27 (July 1986): 544-60.
33. See Melvin Kranzberg, "Environmental Problems and Technology," Environment and Culture (English translation of Japanese title) 12 (October 1974): 2-9; and "The Ecological Implications of Technology Transfer," in Fourteenth International Congress of the History of Science, Japan (Tokyo, 1975). He later expanded upon these themes in his 1985 SHOT presidential address, making several references to how historians of technology should address environmental considerations. See Melvin Kranzberg, "Technology and History: 'Kranzberg's Laws,'" Technology and Culture 27 (July 1986): 544-60.
34. See Melvin Kranzberg, "Environmental Problems and Technology," Environment and Culture (English translation of Japanese title) 12 (October 1974): 2-9; and "The Ecological Implications of Technology Transfer," in Fourteenth International Congress of the History of Science, Japan (Tokyo, 1975). He later expanded upon these themes in his 1985 SHOT presidential address, making several references to how historians of technology should address environmental considerations. See Melvin Kranzberg, "Technology and History: 'Kranzberg's Laws,'" Technology and Culture 27 (July 1986): 544-60.
35. Although historians of technology were slow to pick up on this theme, the interaction of technology and the environment quickly became an important area of study within the science, technology, and society (STS) programs that emerged during the 1970s. See, for example, Ian G. Barbour, Technology, Environment, and Human Values (New York, 1980); Ian Barbour, Harvey Brooks, Sanford Lakoff, and John Opie, Energy and American Values (New York, 1982); Marcel Chotkowski LaFollette, "Of Bottles, Pitons, and Reaching for New Directions," Environment 25 (December 1983): 9-11; and the relevant articles, reports, and bibliographical entries that appeared frequently in the pages of Science, Technology, and Human Values.
36. Although historians of technology were slow to pick up on this theme, the interaction of technology and the environment quickly became an important area of study within the science, technology, and society (STS) programs that emerged during the 1970s. See, for example, Ian G. Barbour, Technology, Environment, and Human Values (New York, 1980); Ian Barbour, Harvey Brooks, Sanford Lakoff, and John Opie, Energy and American Values (New York, 1982); Marcel Chotkowski LaFollette, "Of Bottles, Pitons, and Reaching for New Directions," Environment 25 (December 1983): 9-11; and the relevant articles, reports, and bibliographical entries that appeared frequently in the pages of Science, Technology, and Human Values.
37. Although historians of technology were slow to pick up on this theme, the interaction of technology and the environment quickly became an important area of study within the science, technology, and society (STS) programs that emerged during the 1970s. See, for example, Ian G. Barbour, Technology, Environment, and Human Values (New York, 1980); Ian Barbour, Harvey Brooks, Sanford Lakoff, and John Opie, Energy and American Values (New York, 1982); Marcel Chotkowski LaFollette, "Of Bottles, Pitons, and Reaching for New Directions," Environment 25 (December 1983): 9-11; and the relevant articles, reports, and bibliographical entries that appeared frequently in the pages of Science, Technology, and Human Values.
38. Although historians of technology were slow to pick up on this theme, the interaction of technology and the environment quickly became an important area of study within the science, technology, and society (STS) programs that emerged during the 1970s. See, for example, Ian G. Barbour, Technology, Environment, and Human Values (New York, 1980); Ian Barbour, Harvey Brooks, Sanford Lakoff, and John Opie, Energy and American Values (New York, 1982); Marcel Chotkowski LaFollette, "Of Bottles, Pitons, and Reaching for New Directions," Environment 25 (December 1983): 9-11; and the relevant articles, reports, and bibliographical entries that appeared frequently in the pages of Science, Technology, and Human Values.
39. Barry Commoner, The Closing Circle: Nature, Man, and Technology (New York, 1971). For his assessment of the environmental regulations of the 1970s and 1980s, as well as an extension of his critique of technologically induced ecological problems, see Barry Commoner, Making Peace with the Planet (New York, 1990).
40. Barry Commoner, The Closing Circle: Nature, Man, and Technology (New York, 1971). For his assessment of the environmental regulations of the 1970s and 1980s, as well as an extension of his critique of technologically induced ecological problems, see Barry Commoner, Making Peace with the Planet (New York, 1990).
41. Arthur F. McEvoy, "Working Environments: An Ecological Approach to Industrial Health and Safety," Technology find Culture, supplement to vol. 36 (April 1995): S150.
42. Donald Worster, "Toward an Agroecological Perspective in History," Journal of American History 76 (March 1990): 1090.
43. For examples of research that bears upon some aspect of the nexus of technology and the environment outside the United States, see Richard P. Tucker and J. F. Richards, eds., Global Deforestation and the Nineteenth-Century World Economy (Durham, N.C., 1983); Alfred W. Crosby, Ecological Imperialism: The Biological Expansion of Europe, 900-1900 (Cambridge, 1986); Bill Luckin, Pollution and Control: A Social History of the Thames in the Nineteenth Century (Bristol, England, 1986); Robert W. Harms, Games against Nature: An Eco-Cultural History of the Nunu of Equatorial Africa (Cambridge, 1987); John MacKenzie, The Empire of Nature: Hunting, Conservation and British Imperialism (Manchester, 1988); John F. Richards and Richard P. Tucker, eds., World Deforestation in the Twentieth Century (Durham, N.C., 1988); Joel A. Tarr and Gabriel Dupuy, eds., Technology and the Rise of the Networked City in Europe and America (Philadelphia, 1988); Jean-Pierre Goubert, The Conquest of Water: The Advent of Health in the Industrial Age (Princeton, N.J., 1989); J. M. Powell, Watering the Garden State: Water, Land, and Community in Victoria, 1834-1988 (Sydney, 1989); Peter M. Haas, Saving the Mediterranean: The Politics of International Environmental Cooperation (New York, 1990); Clive Ponting, A Green History of the World (London, 1991); Stephen J. Pyne, Burning Bush: A Fire History of Australia (New York, 1991); Daniel Faber, Environment under Fire: Imperialism and the Ecological Crisis in Central America (New York, 1992); Madav Gadgil and Ramachandra Guha, This Fissured Land: An Ecological History of India (Delhi, 1992); Elinor G. K. Melville, A Plague of Sheep: Environmental Consequences of the Conquest of Mexico (Cambridge, 1994); Warren Dean, With Broadax and Firebrand: The Destruction of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest (Berkeley, 1995); Michael D. Bess, "Ecology and Artifice: Shifting Perceptions of Nature and High Technology in Postwar France," Technology and Culture 36 (October 1995): 830-62; Chad Gaffield and Pam Gaffield, eds., Consuming Canada: Readings in Environmental History (Mississauga, Ont., 1995); Richard H. Grove, Green Imperialism: Colonial Expansion, Tropical Island Edens and the Origins of Environmentalism, 1600-1860 (Cambridge, 1995); Lane Simonian, Defending the Land of the Jaguar: A History of Conservation in Mexico (Austin, Tex., 1995); Richard C. Hoffmann, "Economic Development and Aquatic Ecosystems in Medieval Europe," American Historical Review 101 (June 1996): 631-69; and Dale H. Porter, The Thames Embankment: Environment, Technology, und Society in Victorian London (Akron, Ohio, 1998).
44. For examples of research that bears upon some aspect of the nexus of technology and the environment outside the United States, see Richard P. Tucker and J. F. Richards, eds., Global Deforestation and the Nineteenth-Century World Economy (Durham, N.C., 1983); Alfred W. Crosby, Ecological Imperialism: The Biological Expansion of Europe, 900-1900 (Cambridge, 1986); Bill Luckin, Pollution and Control: A Social History of the Thames in the Nineteenth Century (Bristol, England, 1986); Robert W. Harms, Games against Nature: An Eco-Cultural History of the Nunu of Equatorial Africa (Cambridge, 1987); John MacKenzie, The Empire of Nature: Hunting, Conservation and British Imperialism (Manchester, 1988); John F. Richards and Richard P. Tucker, eds., World Deforestation in the Twentieth Century (Durham, N.C., 1988); Joel A. Tarr and Gabriel Dupuy, eds., Technology and the Rise of the Networked City in Europe and America (Philadelphia, 1988); Jean-Pierre Goubert, The Conquest of Water: The Advent of Health in the Industrial Age (Princeton, N.J., 1989); J. M. Powell, Watering the Garden State: Water, Land, and Community in Victoria, 1834-1988 (Sydney, 1989); Peter M. Haas, Saving the Mediterranean: The Politics of International Environmental Cooperation (New York, 1990); Clive Ponting, A Green History of the World (London, 1991); Stephen J. Pyne, Burning Bush: A Fire History of Australia (New York, 1991); Daniel Faber, Environment under Fire: Imperialism and the Ecological Crisis in Central America (New York, 1992); Madav Gadgil and Ramachandra Guha, This Fissured Land: An Ecological History of India (Delhi, 1992); Elinor G. K. Melville, A Plague of Sheep: Environmental Consequences of the Conquest of Mexico (Cambridge, 1994); Warren Dean, With Broadax and Firebrand: The Destruction of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest (Berkeley, 1995); Michael D. Bess, "Ecology and Artifice: Shifting Perceptions of Nature and High Technology in Postwar France," Technology and Culture 36 (October 1995): 830-62; Chad Gaffield and Pam Gaffield, eds., Consuming Canada: Readings in Environmental History (Mississauga, Ont., 1995); Richard H. Grove, Green Imperialism: Colonial Expansion, Tropical Island Edens and the Origins of Environmentalism, 1600-1860 (Cambridge, 1995); Lane Simonian, Defending the Land of the Jaguar: A History of Conservation in Mexico (Austin, Tex., 1995); Richard C. Hoffmann, "Economic Development and Aquatic Ecosystems in Medieval Europe," American Historical Review 101 (June 1996): 631-69; and Dale H. Porter, The Thames Embankment: Environment, Technology, und Society in Victorian London (Akron, Ohio, 1998).
45. For examples of research that bears upon some aspect of the nexus of technology and the environment outside the United States, see Richard P. Tucker and J. F. Richards, eds., Global Deforestation and the Nineteenth-Century World Economy (Durham, N.C., 1983); Alfred W. Crosby, Ecological Imperialism: The Biological Expansion of Europe, 900-1900 (Cambridge, 1986); Bill Luckin, Pollution and Control: A Social History of the Thames in the Nineteenth Century (Bristol, England, 1986); Robert W. Harms, Games against Nature: An Eco-Cultural History of the Nunu of Equatorial Africa (Cambridge, 1987); John MacKenzie, The Empire of Nature: Hunting, Conservation and British Imperialism (Manchester, 1988); John F. Richards and Richard P. Tucker, eds., World Deforestation in the Twentieth Century (Durham, N.C., 1988); Joel A. Tarr and Gabriel Dupuy, eds., Technology and the Rise of the Networked City in Europe and America (Philadelphia, 1988); Jean-Pierre Goubert, The Conquest of Water: The Advent of Health in the Industrial Age (Princeton, N.J., 1989); J. M. Powell, Watering the Garden State: Water, Land, and Community in Victoria, 1834-1988 (Sydney, 1989); Peter M. Haas, Saving the Mediterranean: The Politics of International Environmental Cooperation (New York, 1990); Clive Ponting, A Green History of the World (London, 1991); Stephen J. Pyne, Burning Bush: A Fire History of Australia (New York, 1991); Daniel Faber, Environment under Fire: Imperialism and the Ecological Crisis in Central America (New York, 1992); Madav Gadgil and Ramachandra Guha, This Fissured Land: An Ecological History of India (Delhi, 1992); Elinor G. K. Melville, A Plague of Sheep: Environmental Consequences of the Conquest of Mexico (Cambridge, 1994); Warren Dean, With Broadax and Firebrand: The Destruction of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest (Berkeley, 1995); Michael D. Bess, "Ecology and Artifice: Shifting Perceptions of Nature and High Technology in Postwar France," Technology and Culture 36 (October 1995): 830-62; Chad Gaffield and Pam Gaffield, eds., Consuming Canada: Readings in Environmental History (Mississauga, Ont., 1995); Richard H. Grove, Green Imperialism: Colonial Expansion, Tropical Island Edens and the Origins of Environmentalism, 1600-1860 (Cambridge, 1995); Lane Simonian, Defending the Land of the Jaguar: A History of Conservation in Mexico (Austin, Tex., 1995); Richard C. Hoffmann, "Economic Development and Aquatic Ecosystems in Medieval Europe," American Historical Review 101 (June 1996): 631-69; and Dale H. Porter, The Thames Embankment: Environment, Technology, und Society in Victorian London (Akron, Ohio, 1998).
46. For examples of research that bears upon some aspect of the nexus of technology and the environment outside the United States, see Richard P. Tucker and J. F. Richards, eds., Global Deforestation and the Nineteenth-Century World Economy (Durham, N.C., 1983); Alfred W. Crosby, Ecological Imperialism: The Biological Expansion of Europe, 900-1900 (Cambridge, 1986); Bill Luckin, Pollution and Control: A Social History of the Thames in the Nineteenth Century (Bristol, England, 1986); Robert W. Harms, Games against Nature: An Eco-Cultural History of the Nunu of Equatorial Africa (Cambridge, 1987); John MacKenzie, The Empire of Nature: Hunting, Conservation and British Imperialism (Manchester, 1988); John F. Richards and Richard P. Tucker, eds., World Deforestation in the Twentieth Century (Durham, N.C., 1988); Joel A. Tarr and Gabriel Dupuy, eds., Technology and the Rise of the Networked City in Europe and America (Philadelphia, 1988); Jean-Pierre Goubert, The Conquest of Water: The Advent of Health in the Industrial Age (Princeton, N.J., 1989); J. M. Powell, Watering the Garden State: Water, Land, and Community in Victoria, 1834-1988 (Sydney, 1989); Peter M. Haas, Saving the Mediterranean: The Politics of International Environmental Cooperation (New York, 1990); Clive Ponting, A Green History of the World (London, 1991); Stephen J. Pyne, Burning Bush: A Fire History of Australia (New York, 1991); Daniel Faber, Environment under Fire: Imperialism and the Ecological Crisis in Central America (New York, 1992); Madav Gadgil and Ramachandra Guha, This Fissured Land: An Ecological History of India (Delhi, 1992); Elinor G. K. Melville, A Plague of Sheep: Environmental Consequences of the Conquest of Mexico (Cambridge, 1994); Warren Dean, With Broadax and Firebrand: The Destruction of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest (Berkeley, 1995); Michael D. Bess, "Ecology and Artifice: Shifting Perceptions of Nature and High Technology in Postwar France," Technology and Culture 36 (October 1995): 830-62; Chad Gaffield and Pam Gaffield, eds., Consuming Canada: Readings in Environmental History (Mississauga, Ont., 1995); Richard H. Grove, Green Imperialism: Colonial Expansion, Tropical Island Edens and the Origins of Environmentalism, 1600-1860 (Cambridge, 1995); Lane Simonian, Defending the Land of the Jaguar: A History of Conservation in Mexico (Austin, Tex., 1995); Richard C. Hoffmann, "Economic Development and Aquatic Ecosystems in Medieval Europe," American Historical Review 101 (June 1996): 631-69; and Dale H. Porter, The Thames Embankment: Environment, Technology, und Society in Victorian London (Akron, Ohio, 1998).
47. For examples of research that bears upon some aspect of the nexus of technology and the environment outside the United States, see Richard P. Tucker and J. F. Richards, eds., Global Deforestation and the Nineteenth-Century World Economy (Durham, N.C., 1983); Alfred W. Crosby, Ecological Imperialism: The Biological Expansion of Europe, 900-1900 (Cambridge, 1986); Bill Luckin, Pollution and Control: A Social History of the Thames in the Nineteenth Century (Bristol, England, 1986); Robert W. Harms, Games against Nature: An Eco-Cultural History of the Nunu of Equatorial Africa (Cambridge, 1987); John MacKenzie, The Empire of Nature: Hunting, Conservation and British Imperialism (Manchester, 1988); John F. Richards and Richard P. Tucker, eds., World Deforestation in the Twentieth Century (Durham, N.C., 1988); Joel A. Tarr and Gabriel Dupuy, eds., Technology and the Rise of the Networked City in Europe and America (Philadelphia, 1988); Jean-Pierre Goubert, The Conquest of Water: The Advent of Health in the Industrial Age (Princeton, N.J., 1989); J. M. Powell, Watering the Garden State: Water, Land, and Community in Victoria, 1834-1988 (Sydney, 1989); Peter M. Haas, Saving the Mediterranean: The Politics of International Environmental Cooperation (New York, 1990); Clive Ponting, A Green History of the World (London, 1991); Stephen J. Pyne, Burning Bush: A Fire History of Australia (New York, 1991); Daniel Faber, Environment under Fire: Imperialism and the Ecological Crisis in Central America (New York, 1992); Madav Gadgil and Ramachandra Guha, This Fissured Land: An Ecological History of India (Delhi, 1992); Elinor G. K. Melville, A Plague of Sheep: Environmental Consequences of the Conquest of Mexico (Cambridge, 1994); Warren Dean, With Broadax and Firebrand: The Destruction of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest (Berkeley, 1995); Michael D. Bess, "Ecology and Artifice: Shifting Perceptions of Nature and High Technology in Postwar France," Technology and Culture 36 (October 1995): 830-62; Chad Gaffield and Pam Gaffield, eds., Consuming Canada: Readings in Environmental History (Mississauga, Ont., 1995); Richard H. Grove, Green Imperialism: Colonial Expansion, Tropical Island Edens and the Origins of Environmentalism, 1600-1860 (Cambridge, 1995); Lane Simonian, Defending the Land of the Jaguar: A History of Conservation in Mexico (Austin, Tex., 1995); Richard C. Hoffmann, "Economic Development and Aquatic Ecosystems in Medieval Europe," American Historical Review 101 (June 1996): 631-69; and Dale H. Porter, The Thames Embankment: Environment, Technology, und Society in Victorian London (Akron, Ohio, 1998).
48. For examples of research that bears upon some aspect of the nexus of technology and the environment outside the United States, see Richard P. Tucker and J. F. Richards, eds., Global Deforestation and the Nineteenth-Century World Economy (Durham, N.C., 1983); Alfred W. Crosby, Ecological Imperialism: The Biological Expansion of Europe, 900-1900 (Cambridge, 1986); Bill Luckin, Pollution and Control: A Social History of the Thames in the Nineteenth Century (Bristol, England, 1986); Robert W. Harms, Games against Nature: An Eco-Cultural History of the Nunu of Equatorial Africa (Cambridge, 1987); John MacKenzie, The Empire of Nature: Hunting, Conservation and British Imperialism (Manchester, 1988); John F. Richards and Richard P. Tucker, eds., World Deforestation in the Twentieth Century (Durham, N.C., 1988); Joel A. Tarr and Gabriel Dupuy, eds., Technology and the Rise of the Networked City in Europe and America (Philadelphia, 1988); Jean-Pierre Goubert, The Conquest of Water: The Advent of Health in the Industrial Age (Princeton, N.J., 1989); J. M. Powell, Watering the Garden State: Water, Land, and Community in Victoria, 1834-1988 (Sydney, 1989); Peter M. Haas, Saving the Mediterranean: The Politics of International Environmental Cooperation (New York, 1990); Clive Ponting, A Green History of the World (London, 1991); Stephen J. Pyne, Burning Bush: A Fire History of Australia (New York, 1991); Daniel Faber, Environment under Fire: Imperialism and the Ecological Crisis in Central America (New York, 1992); Madav Gadgil and Ramachandra Guha, This Fissured Land: An Ecological History of India (Delhi, 1992); Elinor G. K. Melville, A Plague of Sheep: Environmental Consequences of the Conquest of Mexico (Cambridge, 1994); Warren Dean, With Broadax and Firebrand: The Destruction of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest (Berkeley, 1995); Michael D. Bess, "Ecology and Artifice: Shifting Perceptions of Nature and High Technology in Postwar France," Technology and Culture 36 (October 1995): 830-62; Chad Gaffield and Pam Gaffield, eds., Consuming Canada: Readings in Environmental History (Mississauga, Ont., 1995); Richard H. Grove, Green Imperialism: Colonial Expansion, Tropical Island Edens and the Origins of Environmentalism, 1600-1860 (Cambridge, 1995); Lane Simonian, Defending the Land of the Jaguar: A History of Conservation in Mexico (Austin, Tex., 1995); Richard C. Hoffmann, "Economic Development and Aquatic Ecosystems in Medieval Europe," American Historical Review 101 (June 1996): 631-69; and Dale H. Porter, The Thames Embankment: Environment, Technology, und Society in Victorian London (Akron, Ohio, 1998).
49. For examples of research that bears upon some aspect of the nexus of technology and the environment outside the United States, see Richard P. Tucker and J. F. Richards, eds., Global Deforestation and the Nineteenth-Century World Economy (Durham, N.C., 1983); Alfred W. Crosby, Ecological Imperialism: The Biological Expansion of Europe, 900-1900 (Cambridge, 1986); Bill Luckin, Pollution and Control: A Social History of the Thames in the Nineteenth Century (Bristol, England, 1986); Robert W. Harms, Games against Nature: An Eco-Cultural History of the Nunu of Equatorial Africa (Cambridge, 1987); John MacKenzie, The Empire of Nature: Hunting, Conservation and British Imperialism (Manchester, 1988); John F. Richards and Richard P. Tucker, eds., World Deforestation in the Twentieth Century (Durham, N.C., 1988); Joel A. Tarr and Gabriel Dupuy, eds., Technology and the Rise of the Networked City in Europe and America (Philadelphia, 1988); Jean-Pierre Goubert, The Conquest of Water: The Advent of Health in the Industrial Age (Princeton, N.J., 1989); J. M. Powell, Watering the Garden State: Water, Land, and Community in Victoria, 1834-1988 (Sydney, 1989); Peter M. Haas, Saving the Mediterranean: The Politics of International Environmental Cooperation (New York, 1990); Clive Ponting, A Green History of the World (London, 1991); Stephen J. Pyne, Burning Bush: A Fire History of Australia (New York, 1991); Daniel Faber, Environment under Fire: Imperialism and the Ecological Crisis in Central America (New York, 1992); Madav Gadgil and Ramachandra Guha, This Fissured Land: An Ecological History of India (Delhi, 1992); Elinor G. K. Melville, A Plague of Sheep: Environmental Consequences of the Conquest of Mexico (Cambridge, 1994); Warren Dean, With Broadax and Firebrand: The Destruction of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest (Berkeley, 1995); Michael D. Bess, "Ecology and Artifice: Shifting Perceptions of Nature and High Technology in Postwar France," Technology and Culture 36 (October 1995): 830-62; Chad Gaffield and Pam Gaffield, eds., Consuming Canada: Readings in Environmental History (Mississauga, Ont., 1995); Richard H. Grove, Green Imperialism: Colonial Expansion, Tropical Island Edens and the Origins of Environmentalism, 1600-1860 (Cambridge, 1995); Lane Simonian, Defending the Land of the Jaguar: A History of Conservation in Mexico (Austin, Tex., 1995); Richard C. Hoffmann, "Economic Development and Aquatic Ecosystems in Medieval Europe," American Historical Review 101 (June 1996): 631-69; and Dale H. Porter, The Thames Embankment: Environment, Technology, und Society in Victorian London (Akron, Ohio, 1998).
50. For examples of research that bears upon some aspect of the nexus of technology and the environment outside the United States, see Richard P. Tucker and J. F. Richards, eds., Global Deforestation and the Nineteenth-Century World Economy (Durham, N.C., 1983); Alfred W. Crosby, Ecological Imperialism: The Biological Expansion of Europe, 900-1900 (Cambridge, 1986); Bill Luckin, Pollution and Control: A Social History of the Thames in the Nineteenth Century (Bristol, England, 1986); Robert W. Harms, Games against Nature: An Eco-Cultural History of the Nunu of Equatorial Africa (Cambridge, 1987); John MacKenzie, The Empire of Nature: Hunting, Conservation and British Imperialism (Manchester, 1988); John F. Richards and Richard P. Tucker, eds., World Deforestation in the Twentieth Century (Durham, N.C., 1988); Joel A. Tarr and Gabriel Dupuy, eds., Technology and the Rise of the Networked City in Europe and America (Philadelphia, 1988); Jean-Pierre Goubert, The Conquest of Water: The Advent of Health in the Industrial Age (Princeton, N.J., 1989); J. M. Powell, Watering the Garden State: Water, Land, and Community in Victoria, 1834-1988 (Sydney, 1989); Peter M. Haas, Saving the Mediterranean: The Politics of International Environmental Cooperation (New York, 1990); Clive Ponting, A Green History of the World (London, 1991); Stephen J. Pyne, Burning Bush: A Fire History of Australia (New York, 1991); Daniel Faber, Environment under Fire: Imperialism and the Ecological Crisis in Central America (New York, 1992); Madav Gadgil and Ramachandra Guha, This Fissured Land: An Ecological History of India (Delhi, 1992); Elinor G. K. Melville, A Plague of Sheep: Environmental Consequences of the Conquest of Mexico (Cambridge, 1994); Warren Dean, With Broadax and Firebrand: The Destruction of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest (Berkeley, 1995); Michael D. Bess, "Ecology and Artifice: Shifting Perceptions of Nature and High Technology in Postwar France," Technology and Culture 36 (October 1995): 830-62; Chad Gaffield and Pam Gaffield, eds., Consuming Canada: Readings in Environmental History (Mississauga, Ont., 1995); Richard H. Grove, Green Imperialism: Colonial Expansion, Tropical Island Edens and the Origins of Environmentalism, 1600-1860 (Cambridge, 1995); Lane Simonian, Defending the Land of the Jaguar: A History of Conservation in Mexico (Austin, Tex., 1995); Richard C. Hoffmann, "Economic Development and Aquatic Ecosystems in Medieval Europe," American Historical Review 101 (June 1996): 631-69; and Dale H. Porter, The Thames Embankment: Environment, Technology, und Society in Victorian London (Akron, Ohio, 1998).
51. For examples of research that bears upon some aspect of the nexus of technology and the environment outside the United States, see Richard P. Tucker and J. F. Richards, eds., Global Deforestation and the Nineteenth-Century World Economy (Durham, N.C., 1983); Alfred W. Crosby, Ecological Imperialism: The Biological Expansion of Europe, 900-1900 (Cambridge, 1986); Bill Luckin, Pollution and Control: A Social History of the Thames in the Nineteenth Century (Bristol, England, 1986); Robert W. Harms, Games against Nature: An Eco-Cultural History of the Nunu of Equatorial Africa (Cambridge, 1987); John MacKenzie, The Empire of Nature: Hunting, Conservation and British Imperialism (Manchester, 1988); John F. Richards and Richard P. Tucker, eds., World Deforestation in the Twentieth Century (Durham, N.C., 1988); Joel A. Tarr and Gabriel Dupuy, eds., Technology and the Rise of the Networked City in Europe and America (Philadelphia, 1988); Jean-Pierre Goubert, The Conquest of Water: The Advent of Health in the Industrial Age (Princeton, N.J., 1989); J. M. Powell, Watering the Garden State: Water, Land, and Community in Victoria, 1834-1988 (Sydney, 1989); Peter M. Haas, Saving the Mediterranean: The Politics of International Environmental Cooperation (New York, 1990); Clive Ponting, A Green History of the World (London, 1991); Stephen J. Pyne, Burning Bush: A Fire History of Australia (New York, 1991); Daniel Faber, Environment under Fire: Imperialism and the Ecological Crisis in Central America (New York, 1992); Madav Gadgil and Ramachandra Guha, This Fissured Land: An Ecological History of India (Delhi, 1992); Elinor G. K. Melville, A Plague of Sheep: Environmental Consequences of the Conquest of Mexico (Cambridge, 1994); Warren Dean, With Broadax and Firebrand: The Destruction of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest (Berkeley, 1995); Michael D. Bess, "Ecology and Artifice: Shifting Perceptions of Nature and High Technology in Postwar France," Technology and Culture 36 (October 1995): 830-62; Chad Gaffield and Pam Gaffield, eds., Consuming Canada: Readings in Environmental History (Mississauga, Ont., 1995); Richard H. Grove, Green Imperialism: Colonial Expansion, Tropical Island Edens and the Origins of Environmentalism, 1600-1860 (Cambridge, 1995); Lane Simonian, Defending the Land of the Jaguar: A History of Conservation in Mexico (Austin, Tex., 1995); Richard C. Hoffmann, "Economic Development and Aquatic Ecosystems in Medieval Europe," American Historical Review 101 (June 1996): 631-69; and Dale H. Porter, The Thames Embankment: Environment, Technology, und Society in Victorian London (Akron, Ohio, 1998).
52. For examples of research that bears upon some aspect of the nexus of technology and the environment outside the United States, see Richard P. Tucker and J. F. Richards, eds., Global Deforestation and the Nineteenth-Century World Economy (Durham, N.C., 1983); Alfred W. Crosby, Ecological Imperialism: The Biological Expansion of Europe, 900-1900 (Cambridge, 1986); Bill Luckin, Pollution and Control: A Social History of the Thames in the Nineteenth Century (Bristol, England, 1986); Robert W. Harms, Games against Nature: An Eco-Cultural History of the Nunu of Equatorial Africa (Cambridge, 1987); John MacKenzie, The Empire of Nature: Hunting, Conservation and British Imperialism (Manchester, 1988); John F. Richards and Richard P. Tucker, eds., World Deforestation in the Twentieth Century (Durham, N.C., 1988); Joel A. Tarr and Gabriel Dupuy, eds., Technology and the Rise of the Networked City in Europe and America (Philadelphia, 1988); Jean-Pierre Goubert, The Conquest of Water: The Advent of Health in the Industrial Age (Princeton, N.J., 1989); J. M. Powell, Watering the Garden State: Water, Land, and Community in Victoria, 1834-1988 (Sydney, 1989); Peter M. Haas, Saving the Mediterranean: The Politics of International Environmental Cooperation (New York, 1990); Clive Ponting, A Green History of the World (London, 1991); Stephen J. Pyne, Burning Bush: A Fire History of Australia (New York, 1991); Daniel Faber, Environment under Fire: Imperialism and the Ecological Crisis in Central America (New York, 1992); Madav Gadgil and Ramachandra Guha, This Fissured Land: An Ecological History of India (Delhi, 1992); Elinor G. K. Melville, A Plague of Sheep: Environmental Consequences of the Conquest of Mexico (Cambridge, 1994); Warren Dean, With Broadax and Firebrand: The Destruction of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest (Berkeley, 1995); Michael D. Bess, "Ecology and Artifice: Shifting Perceptions of Nature and High Technology in Postwar France," Technology and Culture 36 (October 1995): 830-62; Chad Gaffield and Pam Gaffield, eds., Consuming Canada: Readings in Environmental History (Mississauga, Ont., 1995); Richard H. Grove, Green Imperialism: Colonial Expansion, Tropical Island Edens and the Origins of Environmentalism, 1600-1860 (Cambridge, 1995); Lane Simonian, Defending the Land of the Jaguar: A History of Conservation in Mexico (Austin, Tex., 1995); Richard C. Hoffmann, "Economic Development and Aquatic Ecosystems in Medieval Europe," American Historical Review 101 (June 1996): 631-69; and Dale H. Porter, The Thames Embankment: Environment, Technology, und Society in Victorian London (Akron, Ohio, 1998).
53. For examples of research that bears upon some aspect of the nexus of technology and the environment outside the United States, see Richard P. Tucker and J. F. Richards, eds., Global Deforestation and the Nineteenth-Century World Economy (Durham, N.C., 1983); Alfred W. Crosby, Ecological Imperialism: The Biological Expansion of Europe, 900-1900 (Cambridge, 1986); Bill Luckin, Pollution and Control: A Social History of the Thames in the Nineteenth Century (Bristol, England, 1986); Robert W. Harms, Games against Nature: An Eco-Cultural History of the Nunu of Equatorial Africa (Cambridge, 1987); John MacKenzie, The Empire of Nature: Hunting, Conservation and British Imperialism (Manchester, 1988); John F. Richards and Richard P. Tucker, eds., World Deforestation in the Twentieth Century (Durham, N.C., 1988); Joel A. Tarr and Gabriel Dupuy, eds., Technology and the Rise of the Networked City in Europe and America (Philadelphia, 1988); Jean-Pierre Goubert, The Conquest of Water: The Advent of Health in the Industrial Age (Princeton, N.J., 1989); J. M. Powell, Watering the Garden State: Water, Land, and Community in Victoria, 1834-1988 (Sydney, 1989); Peter M. Haas, Saving the Mediterranean: The Politics of International Environmental Cooperation (New York, 1990); Clive Ponting, A Green History of the World (London, 1991); Stephen J. Pyne, Burning Bush: A Fire History of Australia (New York, 1991); Daniel Faber, Environment under Fire: Imperialism and the Ecological Crisis in Central America (New York, 1992); Madav Gadgil and Ramachandra Guha, This Fissured Land: An Ecological History of India (Delhi, 1992); Elinor G. K. Melville, A Plague of Sheep: Environmental Consequences of the Conquest of Mexico (Cambridge, 1994); Warren Dean, With Broadax and Firebrand: The Destruction of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest (Berkeley, 1995); Michael D. Bess, "Ecology and Artifice: Shifting Perceptions of Nature and High Technology in Postwar France," Technology and Culture 36 (October 1995): 830-62; Chad Gaffield and Pam Gaffield, eds., Consuming Canada: Readings in Environmental History (Mississauga, Ont., 1995); Richard H. Grove, Green Imperialism: Colonial Expansion, Tropical Island Edens and the Origins of Environmentalism, 1600-1860 (Cambridge, 1995); Lane Simonian, Defending the Land of the Jaguar: A History of Conservation in Mexico (Austin, Tex., 1995); Richard C. Hoffmann, "Economic Development and Aquatic Ecosystems in Medieval Europe," American Historical Review 101 (June 1996): 631-69; and Dale H. Porter, The Thames Embankment: Environment, Technology, und Society in Victorian London (Akron, Ohio, 1998).
54. For examples of research that bears upon some aspect of the nexus of technology and the environment outside the United States, see Richard P. Tucker and J. F. Richards, eds., Global Deforestation and the Nineteenth-Century World Economy (Durham, N.C., 1983); Alfred W. Crosby, Ecological Imperialism: The Biological Expansion of Europe, 900-1900 (Cambridge, 1986); Bill Luckin, Pollution and Control: A Social History of the Thames in the Nineteenth Century (Bristol, England, 1986); Robert W. Harms, Games against Nature: An Eco-Cultural History of the Nunu of Equatorial Africa (Cambridge, 1987); John MacKenzie, The Empire of Nature: Hunting, Conservation and British Imperialism (Manchester, 1988); John F. Richards and Richard P. Tucker, eds., World Deforestation in the Twentieth Century (Durham, N.C., 1988); Joel A. Tarr and Gabriel Dupuy, eds., Technology and the Rise of the Networked City in Europe and America (Philadelphia, 1988); Jean-Pierre Goubert, The Conquest of Water: The Advent of Health in the Industrial Age (Princeton, N.J., 1989); J. M. Powell, Watering the Garden State: Water, Land, and Community in Victoria, 1834-1988 (Sydney, 1989); Peter M. Haas, Saving the Mediterranean: The Politics of International Environmental Cooperation (New York, 1990); Clive Ponting, A Green History of the World (London, 1991); Stephen J. Pyne, Burning Bush: A Fire History of Australia (New York, 1991); Daniel Faber, Environment under Fire: Imperialism and the Ecological Crisis in Central America (New York, 1992); Madav Gadgil and Ramachandra Guha, This Fissured Land: An Ecological History of India (Delhi, 1992); Elinor G. K. Melville, A Plague of Sheep: Environmental Consequences of the Conquest of Mexico (Cambridge, 1994); Warren Dean, With Broadax and Firebrand: The Destruction of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest (Berkeley, 1995); Michael D. Bess, "Ecology and Artifice: Shifting Perceptions of Nature and High Technology in Postwar France," Technology and Culture 36 (October 1995): 830-62; Chad Gaffield and Pam Gaffield, eds., Consuming Canada: Readings in Environmental History (Mississauga, Ont., 1995); Richard H. Grove, Green Imperialism: Colonial Expansion, Tropical Island Edens and the Origins of Environmentalism, 1600-1860 (Cambridge, 1995); Lane Simonian, Defending the Land of the Jaguar: A History of Conservation in Mexico (Austin, Tex., 1995); Richard C. Hoffmann, "Economic Development and Aquatic Ecosystems in Medieval Europe," American Historical Review 101 (June 1996): 631-69; and Dale H. Porter, The Thames Embankment: Environment, Technology, und Society in Victorian London (Akron, Ohio, 1998).
55. For examples of research that bears upon some aspect of the nexus of technology and the environment outside the United States, see Richard P. Tucker and J. F. Richards, eds., Global Deforestation and the Nineteenth-Century World Economy (Durham, N.C., 1983); Alfred W. Crosby, Ecological Imperialism: The Biological Expansion of Europe, 900-1900 (Cambridge, 1986); Bill Luckin, Pollution and Control: A Social History of the Thames in the Nineteenth Century (Bristol, England, 1986); Robert W. Harms, Games against Nature: An Eco-Cultural History of the Nunu of Equatorial Africa (Cambridge, 1987); John MacKenzie, The Empire of Nature: Hunting, Conservation and British Imperialism (Manchester, 1988); John F. Richards and Richard P. Tucker, eds., World Deforestation in the Twentieth Century (Durham, N.C., 1988); Joel A. Tarr and Gabriel Dupuy, eds., Technology and the Rise of the Networked City in Europe and America (Philadelphia, 1988); Jean-Pierre Goubert, The Conquest of Water: The Advent of Health in the Industrial Age (Princeton, N.J., 1989); J. M. Powell, Watering the Garden State: Water, Land, and Community in Victoria, 1834-1988 (Sydney, 1989); Peter M. Haas, Saving the Mediterranean: The Politics of International Environmental Cooperation (New York, 1990); Clive Ponting, A Green History of the World (London, 1991); Stephen J. Pyne, Burning Bush: A Fire History of Australia (New York, 1991); Daniel Faber, Environment under Fire: Imperialism and the Ecological Crisis in Central America (New York, 1992); Madav Gadgil and Ramachandra Guha, This Fissured Land: An Ecological History of India (Delhi, 1992); Elinor G. K. Melville, A Plague of Sheep: Environmental Consequences of the Conquest of Mexico (Cambridge, 1994); Warren Dean, With Broadax and Firebrand: The Destruction of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest (Berkeley, 1995); Michael D. Bess, "Ecology and Artifice: Shifting Perceptions of Nature and High Technology in Postwar France," Technology and Culture 36 (October 1995): 830-62; Chad Gaffield and Pam Gaffield, eds., Consuming Canada: Readings in Environmental History (Mississauga, Ont., 1995); Richard H. Grove, Green Imperialism: Colonial Expansion, Tropical Island Edens and the Origins of Environmentalism, 1600-1860 (Cambridge, 1995); Lane Simonian, Defending the Land of the Jaguar: A History of Conservation in Mexico (Austin, Tex., 1995); Richard C. Hoffmann, "Economic Development and Aquatic Ecosystems in Medieval Europe," American Historical Review 101 (June 1996): 631-69; and Dale H. Porter, The Thames Embankment: Environment, Technology, und Society in Victorian London (Akron, Ohio, 1998).
56. For examples of research that bears upon some aspect of the nexus of technology and the environment outside the United States, see Richard P. Tucker and J. F. Richards, eds., Global Deforestation and the Nineteenth-Century World Economy (Durham, N.C., 1983); Alfred W. Crosby, Ecological Imperialism: The Biological Expansion of Europe, 900-1900 (Cambridge, 1986); Bill Luckin, Pollution and Control: A Social History of the Thames in the Nineteenth Century (Bristol, England, 1986); Robert W. Harms, Games against Nature: An Eco-Cultural History of the Nunu of Equatorial Africa (Cambridge, 1987); John MacKenzie, The Empire of Nature: Hunting, Conservation and British Imperialism (Manchester, 1988); John F. Richards and Richard P. Tucker, eds., World Deforestation in the Twentieth Century (Durham, N.C., 1988); Joel A. Tarr and Gabriel Dupuy, eds., Technology and the Rise of the Networked City in Europe and America (Philadelphia, 1988); Jean-Pierre Goubert, The Conquest of Water: The Advent of Health in the Industrial Age (Princeton, N.J., 1989); J. M. Powell, Watering the Garden State: Water, Land, and Community in Victoria, 1834-1988 (Sydney, 1989); Peter M. Haas, Saving the Mediterranean: The Politics of International Environmental Cooperation (New York, 1990); Clive Ponting, A Green History of the World (London, 1991); Stephen J. Pyne, Burning Bush: A Fire History of Australia (New York, 1991); Daniel Faber, Environment under Fire: Imperialism and the Ecological Crisis in Central America (New York, 1992); Madav Gadgil and Ramachandra Guha, This Fissured Land: An Ecological History of India (Delhi, 1992); Elinor G. K. Melville, A Plague of Sheep: Environmental Consequences of the Conquest of Mexico (Cambridge, 1994); Warren Dean, With Broadax and Firebrand: The Destruction of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest (Berkeley, 1995); Michael D. Bess, "Ecology and Artifice: Shifting Perceptions of Nature and High Technology in Postwar France," Technology and Culture 36 (October 1995): 830-62; Chad Gaffield and Pam Gaffield, eds., Consuming Canada: Readings
57. For examples of research that bears upon some aspect of the nexus of technology and the environment outside the United States, see Richard P. Tucker and J. F. Richards, eds., Global Deforestation and the Nineteenth-Century World Economy (Durham, N.C., 1983); Alfred W. Crosby, Ecological Imperialism: The Biological Expansion of Europe, 900-1900 (Cambridge, 1986); Bill Luckin, Pollution and Control: A Social History of the Thames in the Nineteenth Century (Bristol, England, 1986); Robert W. Harms, Games against Nature: An Eco-Cultural History of the Nunu of Equatorial Africa (Cambridge, 1987); John MacKenzie, The Empire of Nature: Hunting, Conservation and British Imperialism (Manchester, 1988); John F. Richards and Richard P. Tucker, eds., World Deforestation in the Twentieth Century (Durham, N.C., 1988); Joel A. Tarr and Gabriel Dupuy, eds., Technology and the Rise of the Networked City in Europe and America (Philadelphia, 1988); Jean-Pierre Goubert, The Conquest of Water: The Advent of Health in the Industrial Age (Princeton, N.J., 1989); J. M. Powell, Watering the Garden State: Water, Land, and Community in Victoria, 1834-1988 (Sydney, 1989); Peter M. Haas, Saving the Mediterranean: The Politics of International Environmental Cooperation (New York, 1990); Clive Ponting, A Green History of the World (London, 1991); Stephen J. Pyne, Burning Bush: A Fire History of Australia (New York, 1991); Daniel Faber, Environment under Fire: Imperialism and the Ecological Crisis in Central America (New York, 1992); Madav Gadgil and Ramachandra Guha, This Fissured Land: An Ecological History of India (Delhi, 1992); Elinor G. K. Melville, A Plague of Sheep: Environmental Consequences of the Conquest of Mexico (Cambridge, 1994); Warren Dean, With Broadax and Firebrand: The Destruction of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest (Berkeley, 1995); Michael D. Bess, "Ecology and Artifice: Shifting Perceptions of Nature and High Technology in Postwar France," Technology and Culture 36 (October 1995): 830-62; Chad Gaffield and Pam Gaffield, eds., Consuming Canada: Readings in Environmental History (Mississauga, Ont., 1995); Richard H. Grove, Green Imperialism: Colonial Expansion, Tropical Island Edens and the Origins of Environmentalism, 1600-1860 (Cambridge, 1995); Lane Simonian, Defending the Land of the Jaguar: A History of Conservation in Mexico (Austin, Tex., 1995); Richard C. Hoffmann, "Economic Development and Aquatic Ecosystems in Medieval Europe," American Historical Review 101 (June 1996): 631-69; and Dale H. Porter, The Thames Embankment: Environment, Technology, und Society in Victorian London (Akron, Ohio, 1998).
58. For examples of research that bears upon some aspect of the nexus of technology and the environment outside the United States, see Richard P. Tucker and J. F. Richards, eds., Global Deforestation and the Nineteenth-Century World Economy (Durham, N.C., 1983); Alfred W. Crosby, Ecological Imperialism: The Biological Expansion of Europe, 900-1900 (Cambridge, 1986); Bill Luckin, Pollution and Control: A Social History of the Thames in the Nineteenth Century (Bristol, England, 1986); Robert W. Harms, Games against Nature: An Eco-Cultural History of the Nunu of Equatorial Africa (Cambridge, 1987); John MacKenzie, The Empire of Nature: Hunting, Conservation and British Imperialism (Manchester, 1988); John F. Richards and Richard P. Tucker, eds., World Deforestation in the Twentieth Century (Durham, N.C., 1988); Joel A. Tarr and Gabriel Dupuy, eds., Technology and the Rise of the Networked City in Europe and America (Philadelphia, 1988); Jean-Pierre Goubert, The Conquest of Water: The Advent of Health in the Industrial Age (Princeton, N.J., 1989); J. M. Powell, Watering the Garden State: Water, Land, and Community in Victoria, 1834-1988 (Sydney, 1989); Peter M. Haas, Saving the Mediterranean: The Politics of International Environmental Cooperation (New York, 1990); Clive Ponting, A Green History of the World (London, 1991); Stephen J. Pyne, Burning Bush: A Fire History of Australia (New York, 1991); Daniel Faber, Environment under Fire: Imperialism and the Ecological Crisis in Central America (New York, 1992); Madav Gadgil and Ramachandra Guha, This Fissured Land: An Ecological History of India (Delhi, 1992); Elinor G. K. Melville, A Plague of Sheep: Environmental Consequences of the Conquest of Mexico (Cambridge, 1994); Warren Dean, With Broadax and Firebrand: The Destruction of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest (Berkeley, 1995); Michael D. Bess, "Ecology and Artifice: Shifting Perceptions of Nature and High Technology in Postwar France," Technology and Culture 36 (October 1995): 830-62; Chad Gaffield and Pam Gaffield, eds., Consuming Canada: Readings in Environmental History (Mississauga, Ont., 1995); Richard H. Grove, Green Imperialism: Colonial Expansion, Tropical Island Edens and the Origins of Environmentalism, 1600-1860 (Cambridge, 1995); Lane Simonian, Defending the Land of the Jaguar: A History of Conservation in Mexico (Austin, Tex., 1995); Richard C. Hoffmann, "Economic Development and Aquatic Ecosystems in Medieval Europe," American Historical Review 101 (June 1996): 631-69; and Dale H. Porter, The Thames Embankment: Environment, Technology, und Society in Victorian London (Akron, Ohio, 1998).
59. For examples of research that bears upon some aspect of the nexus of technology and the environment outside the United States, see Richard P. Tucker and J. F. Richards, eds., Global Deforestation and the Nineteenth-Century World Economy (Durham, N.C., 1983); Alfred W. Crosby, Ecological Imperialism: The Biological Expansion of Europe, 900-1900 (Cambridge, 1986); Bill Luckin, Pollution and Control: A Social History of the Thames in the Nineteenth Century (Bristol, England, 1986); Robert W. Harms, Games against Nature: An Eco-Cultural History of the Nunu of Equatorial Africa (Cambridge, 1987); John MacKenzie, The Empire of Nature: Hunting, Conservation and British Imperialism (Manchester, 1988); John F. Richards and Richard P. Tucker, eds., World Deforestation in the Twentieth Century (Durham, N.C., 1988); Joel A. Tarr and Gabriel Dupuy, eds., Technology and the Rise of the Networked City in Europe and America (Philadelphia, 1988); Jean-Pierre Goubert, The Conquest of Water: The Advent of Health in the Industrial Age (Princeton, N.J., 1989); J. M. Powell, Watering the Garden State: Water, Land, and Community in Victoria, 1834-1988 (Sydney, 1989); Peter M. Haas, Saving the Mediterranean: The Politics of International Environmental Cooperation (New York, 1990); Clive Ponting, A Green History of the World (London, 1991); Stephen J. Pyne, Burning Bush: A Fire History of Australia (New York, 1991); Daniel Faber, Environment under Fire: Imperialism and the Ecological Crisis in Central America (New York, 1992); Madav Gadgil and Ramachandra Guha, This Fissured Land: An Ecological History of India (Delhi, 1992); Elinor G. K. Melville, A Plague of Sheep: Environmental Consequences of the Conquest of Mexico (Cambridge, 1994); Warren Dean, With Broadax and Firebrand: The Destruction of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest (Berkeley, 1995); Michael D. Bess, "Ecology and Artifice: Shifting Perceptions of Nature and High Technology in Postwar France," Technology and Culture 36 (October 1995): 830-62; Chad Gaffield and Pam Gaffield, eds., Consuming Canada: Readings in Environmental History (Mississauga, Ont., 1995); Richard H. Grove, Green Imperialism: Colonial Expansion, Tropical Island Edens and the Origins of Environmentalism, 1600-1860 (Cambridge, 1995); Lane Simonian, Defending the Land of the Jaguar: A History of Conservation in Mexico (Austin, Tex., 1995); Richard C. Hoffmann, "Economic Development and Aquatic Ecosystems in Medieval Europe," American Historical Review 101 (June 1996): 631-69; and Dale H. Porter, The Thames Embankment: Environment, Technology, und Society in Victorian London (Akron, Ohio, 1998).
60. For examples of research that bears upon some aspect of the nexus of technology and the environment outside the United States, see Richard P. Tucker and J. F. Richards, eds., Global Deforestation and the Nineteenth-Century World Economy (Durham, N.C., 1983); Alfred W. Crosby, Ecological Imperialism: The Biological Expansion of Europe, 900-1900 (Cambridge, 1986); Bill Luckin, Pollution and Control: A Social History of the Thames in the Nineteenth Century (Bristol, England, 1986); Robert W. Harms, Games against Nature: An Eco-Cultural History of the Nunu of Equatorial Africa (Cambridge, 1987); John MacKenzie, The Empire of Nature: Hunting, Conservation and British Imperialism (Manchester, 1988); John F. Richards and Richard P. Tucker, eds., World Deforestation in the Twentieth Century (Durham, N.C., 1988); Joel A. Tarr and Gabriel Dupuy, eds., Technology and the Rise of the Networked City in Europe and America (Philadelphia, 1988); Jean-Pierre Goubert, The Conquest of Water: The Advent of Health in the Industrial Age (Princeton, N.J., 1989); J. M. Powell, Watering the Garden State: Water, Land, and Community in Victoria, 1834-1988 (Sydney, 1989); Peter M. Haas, Saving the Mediterranean: The Politics of International Environmental Cooperation (New York, 1990); Clive Ponting, A Green History of the World (London, 1991); Stephen J. Pyne, Burning Bush: A Fire History of Australia (New York, 1991); Daniel Faber, Environment under Fire: Imperialism and the Ecological Crisis in Central America (New York, 1992); Madav Gadgil and Ramachandra Guha, This Fissured Land: An Ecological History of India (Delhi, 1992); Elinor G. K. Melville, A Plague of Sheep: Environmental Consequences of the Conquest of Mexico (Cambridge, 1994); Warren Dean, With Broadax and Firebrand: The Destruction of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest (Berkeley, 1995); Michael D. Bess, "Ecology and Artifice: Shifting Perceptions of Nature and High Technology in Postwar France," Technology and Culture 36 (October 1995): 830-62; Chad Gaffield and Pam Gaffield, eds., Consuming Canada: Readings in Environmental History (Mississauga, Ont., 1995); Richard H. Grove, Green Imperialism: Colonial Expansion, Tropical Island Edens and the Origins of Environmentalism, 1600-1860 (Cambridge, 1995); Lane Simonian, Defending the Land of the Jaguar: A History of Conservation in Mexico (Austin, Tex., 1995); Richard C. Hoffmann, "Economic Development and Aquatic Ecosystems in Medieval Europe," American Historical Review 101 (June 1996): 631-69; and Dale H. Porter, The Thames Embankment: Environment, Technology, und Society in Victorian London (Akron, Ohio, 1998).
61. For examples of research that bears upon some aspect of the nexus of technology and the environment outside the United States, see Richard P. Tucker and J. F. Richards, eds., Global Deforestation and the Nineteenth-Century World Economy (Durham, N.C., 1983); Alfred W. Crosby, Ecological Imperialism: The Biological Expansion of Europe, 900-1900 (Cambridge, 1986); Bill Luckin, Pollution and Control: A Social History of the Thames in the Nineteenth Century (Bristol, England, 1986); Robert W. Harms, Games against Nature: An Eco-Cultural History of the Nunu of Equatorial Africa (Cambridge, 1987); John MacKenzie, The Empire of Nature: Hunting, Conservation and British Imperialism (Manchester, 1988); John F. Richards and Richard P. Tucker, eds., World Deforestation in the Twentieth Century (Durham, N.C., 1988); Joel A. Tarr and Gabriel Dupuy, eds., Technology and the Rise of the Networked City in Europe and America (Philadelphia, 1988); Jean-Pierre Goubert, The Conquest of Water: The Advent of Health in the Industrial Age (Princeton, N.J., 1989); J. M. Powell, Watering the Garden State: Water, Land, and Community in Victoria, 1834-1988 (Sydney, 1989); Peter M. Haas, Saving the Mediterranean: The Politics of International Environmental Cooperation (New York, 1990); Clive Ponting, A Green History of the World (London, 1991); Stephen J. Pyne, Burning Bush: A Fire History of Australia (New York, 1991); Daniel Faber, Environment under Fire: Imperialism and the Ecological Crisis in Central America (New York, 1992); Madav Gadgil and Ramachandra Guha, This Fissured Land: An Ecological History of India (Delhi, 1992); Elinor G. K. Melville, A Plague of Sheep: Environmental Consequences of the Conquest of Mexico (Cambridge, 1994); Warren Dean, With Broadax and Firebrand: The Destruction of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest (Berkeley, 1995); Michael D. Bess, "Ecology and Artifice: Shifting Perceptions of Nature and High Technology in Postwar France," Technology and Culture 36 (October 1995): 830-62; Chad Gaffield and Pam Gaffield, eds., Consuming Canada: Readings in Environmental History (Mississauga, Ont., 1995); Richard H. Grove, Green Imperialism: Colonial Expansion, Tropical Island Edens and the Origins of Environmentalism, 1600-1860 (Cambridge, 1995); Lane Simonian, Defending the Land of the Jaguar: A History of Conservation in Mexico (Austin, Tex., 1995); Richard C. Hoffmann, "Economic Development and Aquatic Ecosystems in Medieval Europe," American Historical Review 101 (June 1996): 631-69; and Dale H. Porter, The Thames Embankment: Environment, Technology, und Society in Victorian London (Akron, Ohio, 1998).
62. For examples of research that bears upon some aspect of the nexus of technology and the environment outside the United States, see Richard P. Tucker and J. F. Richards, eds., Global Deforestation and the Nineteenth-Century World Economy (Durham, N.C., 1983); Alfred W. Crosby, Ecological Imperialism: The Biological Expansion of Europe, 900-1900 (Cambridge, 1986); Bill Luckin, Pollution and Control: A Social History of the Thames in the Nineteenth Century (Bristol, England, 1986); Robert W. Harms, Games against Nature: An Eco-Cultural History of the Nunu of Equatorial Africa (Cambridge, 1987); John MacKenzie, The Empire of Nature: Hunting, Conservation and British Imperialism (Manchester, 1988); John F. Richards and Richard P. Tucker, eds., World Deforestation in the Twentieth Century (Durham, N.C., 1988); Joel A. Tarr and Gabriel Dupuy, eds., Technology and the Rise of the Networked City in Europe and America (Philadelphia, 1988); Jean-Pierre Goubert, The Conquest of Water: The Advent of Health in the Industrial Age (Princeton, N.J., 1989); J. M. Powell, Watering the Garden State: Water, Land, and Community in Victoria, 1834-1988 (Sydney, 1989); Peter M. Haas, Saving the Mediterranean: The Politics of International Environmental Cooperation (New York, 1990); Clive Ponting, A Green History of the World (London, 1991); Stephen J. Pyne, Burning Bush: A Fire History of Australia (New York, 1991); Daniel Faber, Environment under Fire: Imperialism and the Ecological Crisis in Central America (New York, 1992); Madav Gadgil and Ramachandra Guha, This Fissured Land: An Ecological History of India (Delhi, 1992); Elinor G. K. Melville, A Plague of Sheep: Environmental Consequences of the Conquest of Mexico (Cambridge, 1994); Warren Dean, With Broadax and Firebrand: The Destruction of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest (Berkeley, 1995); Michael D. Bess, "Ecology and Artifice: Shifting Perceptions of Nature and High Technology in Postwar France," Technology and Culture 36 (October 1995): 830-62; Chad Gaffield and Pam Gaffield, eds., Consuming Canada: Readings in Environmental History (Mississauga, Ont., 1995); Richard H. Grove, Green Imperialism: Colonial Expansion, Tropical Island Edens and the Origins of Environmentalism, 1600-1860 (Cambridge, 1995); Lane Simonian, Defending the Land of the Jaguar: A History of Conservation in Mexico (Austin, Tex., 1995); Richard C. Hoffmann, "Economic Development and Aquatic Ecosystems in Medieval Europe," American Historical Review 101 (June 1996): 631-69; and Dale H. Porter, The Thames Embankment: Environment, Technology, und Society in Victorian London (Akron, Ohio, 1998).
63. For examples of research that bears upon some aspect of the nexus of technology and the environment outside the United States, see Richard P. Tucker and J. F. Richards, eds., Global Deforestation and the Nineteenth-Century World Economy (Durham, N.C., 1983); Alfred W. Crosby, Ecological Imperialism: The Biological Expansion of Europe, 900-1900 (Cambridge, 1986); Bill Luckin, Pollution and Control: A Social History of the Thames in the Nineteenth Century (Bristol, England, 1986); Robert W. Harms, Games against Nature: An Eco-Cultural History of the Nunu of Equatorial Africa (Cambridge, 1987); John MacKenzie, The Empire of Nature: Hunting, Conservation and British Imperialism (Manchester, 1988); John F. Richards and Richard P. Tucker, eds., World Deforestation in the Twentieth Century (Durham, N.C., 1988); Joel A. Tarr and Gabriel Dupuy, eds., Technology and the Rise of the Networked City in Europe and America (Philadelphia, 1988); Jean-Pierre Goubert, The Conquest of Water: The Advent of Health in the Industrial Age (Princeton, N.J., 1989); J. M. Powell, Watering the Garden State: Water, Land, and Community in Victoria, 1834-1988 (Sydney, 1989); Peter M. Haas, Saving the Mediterranean: The Politics of International Environmental Cooperation (New York, 1990); Clive Ponting, A Green History of the World (London, 1991); Stephen J. Pyne, Burning Bush: A Fire History of Australia (New York, 1991); Daniel Faber, Environment under Fire: Imperialism and the Ecological Crisis in Central America (New York, 1992); Madav Gadgil and Ramachandra Guha, This Fissured Land: An Ecological History of India (Delhi, 1992); Elinor G. K. Melville, A Plague of Sheep: Environmental Consequences of the Conquest of Mexico (Cambridge, 1994); Warren Dean, With Broadax and Firebrand: The Destruction of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest (Berkeley, 1995); Michael D. Bess, "Ecology and Artifice: Shifting Perceptions of Nature and High Technology in Postwar France," Technology and Culture 36 (October 1995): 830-62; Chad Gaffield and Pam Gaffield, eds., Consuming Canada: Readings in Environmental History (Mississauga, Ont., 1995); Richard H. Grove, Green Imperialism: Colonial Expansion, Tropical Island Edens and the Origins of Environmentalism, 1600-1860 (Cambridge, 1995); Lane Simonian, Defending the Land of the Jaguar: A History of Conservation in Mexico (Austin, Tex., 1995); Richard C. Hoffmann, "Economic Development and Aquatic Ecosystems in Medieval Europe," American Historical Review 101 (June 1996): 631-69; and Dale H. Porter, The Thames Embankment: Environment, Technology, und Society in Victorian London (Akron, Ohio, 1998).
64. For examples of research that bears upon some aspect of the nexus of technology and the environment outside the United States, see Richard P. Tucker and J. F. Richards, eds., Global Deforestation and the Nineteenth-Century World Economy (Durham, N.C., 1983); Alfred W. Crosby, Ecological Imperialism: The Biological Expansion of Europe, 900-1900 (Cambridge, 1986); Bill Luckin, Pollution and Control: A Social History of the Thames in the Nineteenth Century (Bristol, England, 1986); Robert W. Harms, Games against Nature: An Eco-Cultural History of the Nunu of Equatorial Africa (Cambridge, 1987); John MacKenzie, The Empire of Nature: Hunting, Conservation and British Imperialism (Manchester, 1988); John F. Richards and Richard P. Tucker, eds., World Deforestation in the Twentieth Century (Durham, N.C., 1988); Joel A. Tarr and Gabriel Dupuy, eds., Technology and the Rise of the Networked City in Europe and America (Philadelphia, 1988); Jean-Pierre Goubert, The Conquest of Water: The Advent of Health in the Industrial Age (Princeton, N.J., 1989); J. M. Powell, Watering the Garden State: Water, Land, and Community in Victoria, 1834-1988 (Sydney, 1989); Peter M. Haas, Saving the Mediterranean: The Politics of International Environmental Cooperation (New York, 1990); Clive Ponting, A Green History of the World (London, 1991); Stephen J. Pyne, Burning Bush: A Fire History of Australia (New York, 1991); Daniel Faber, Environment under Fire: Imperialism and the Ecological Crisis in Central America (New York, 1992); Madav Gadgil and Ramachandra Guha, This Fissured Land: An Ecological History of India (Delhi, 1992); Elinor G. K. Melville, A Plague of Sheep: Environmental Consequences of the Conquest of Mexico (Cambridge, 1994); Warren Dean, With Broadax and Firebrand: The Destruction of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest (Berkeley, 1995); Michael D. Bess, "Ecology and Artifice: Shifting Perceptions of Nature and High Technology in Postwar France," Technology and Culture 36 (October 1995): 830-62; Chad Gaffield and Pam Gaffield, eds., Consuming Canada: Readings in Environmental History (Mississauga, Ont., 1995); Richard H. Grove, Green Imperialism: Colonial Expansion, Tropical Island Edens and the Origins of Environmentalism, 1600-1860 (Cambridge, 1995); Lane Simonian, Defending the Land of the Jaguar: A History of Conservation in Mexico (Austin, Tex., 1995); Richard C. Hoffmann, "Economic Development and Aquatic Ecosystems in Medieval Europe," American Historical Review 101 (June 1996): 631-69; and Dale H. Porter, The Thames Embankment: Environment, Technology, und Society in Victorian London (Akron, Ohio, 1998).
65. John M. Staudenmaier, "Recent Trends in the History of Technology," American Historical Review 95 (June 1990): 724. In backing this statement, Staudenmaier identified only two articles from Technology and Culture - Joel Tarr et al., "Water and Wastes: A Retrospective Assessment of Wastewater Technology in the United States, 1800-1932" 25 (April 1984): 226-63, and John G. Burke, "Wood Pulp, Water Pollution, and Advertising" 20 (January 1979): 175-95 - as exemplifying the study of technology and the environment. Although clearly not a well-developed, thematic research area within the history of technology, several other articles in Technology and Culture addressed that subject. Among them were Rosenberg, "Technology and the Environment" (n. 8 above); Louis P. Cain, "Raising and Watering a City: Ellis Sylvester Chesbrough and Chicago's First Sanitation System," 13 (July 1972): 353-72; Louis P. Cain, "Unfouling the Public's Nest: Chicago's Sanitary Diversion of Lake Michigan Water," 15 (October 1974): 594-613; William H. Te Brake, "Air Pollution and Fuel Crises in Preindustrial London, 1250-1650," 16 (July 1975): 337-59; John H. Perkins, "Reshaping Technology in Wartime: The Effect of Military Goals on Entomological Research and Insect-Control Practices," 19 (April 1978): 169-86; Carlos Flick, "The Movement for Smoke Abatement in 19th-Century Britain," 21 (January 1980): 29-50; Suellen Hoy, "The Garbage Disposer, the Public Health, and the Good Life," 26 (October 1985): 758-84; and J. Samuel Walker, "Nuclear Power and the Environment: The Atomic Energy Commission and Thermal Pollution, 1965-1971," 30 (October 1989): 964-92.
66. John M. Staudenmaier, "Recent Trends in the History of Technology," American Historical Review 95 (June 1990): 724. In backing this statement, Staudenmaier identified only two articles from Technology and Culture - Joel Tarr et al., "Water and Wastes: A Retrospective Assessment of Wastewater Technology in the United States, 1800-1932" 25 (April 1984): 226-63, and John G. Burke, "Wood Pulp, Water Pollution, and Advertising" 20 (January 1979): 175-95 - as exemplifying the study of technology and the environment. Although clearly not a well-developed, thematic research area within the history of technology, several other articles in Technology and Culture addressed that subject. Among them were Rosenberg, "Technology and the Environment" (n. 8 above); Louis P. Cain, "Raising and Watering a City: Ellis Sylvester Chesbrough and Chicago's First Sanitation System," 13 (July 1972): 353-72; Louis P. Cain, "Unfouling the Public's Nest: Chicago's Sanitary Diversion of Lake Michigan Water," 15 (October 1974): 594-613; William H. Te Brake, "Air Pollution and Fuel Crises in Preindustrial London, 1250-1650," 16 (July 1975): 337-59; John H. Perkins, "Reshaping Technology in Wartime: The Effect of Military Goals on Entomological Research and Insect-Control Practices," 19 (April 1978): 169-86; Carlos Flick, "The Movement for Smoke Abatement in 19th-Century Britain," 21 (January 1980): 29-50; Suellen Hoy, "The Garbage Disposer, the Public Health, and the Good Life," 26 (October 1985): 758-84; and J. Samuel Walker, "Nuclear Power and the Environment: The Atomic Energy Commission and Thermal Pollution, 1965-1971," 30 (October 1989): 964-92.
67. John M. Staudenmaier, "Recent Trends in the History of Technology," American Historical Review 95 (June 1990): 724. In backing this statement, Staudenmaier identified only two articles from Technology and Culture - Joel Tarr et al., "Water and Wastes: A Retrospective Assessment of Wastewater Technology in the United States, 1800-1932" 25 (April 1984): 226-63, and John G. Burke, "Wood Pulp, Water Pollution, and Advertising" 20 (January 1979): 175-95 - as exemplifying the study of technology and the environment. Although clearly not a well-developed, thematic research area within the history of technology, several other articles in Technology and Culture addressed that subject. Among them were Rosenberg, "Technology and the Environment" (n. 8 above); Louis P. Cain, "Raising and Watering a City: Ellis Sylvester Chesbrough and Chicago's First Sanitation System," 13 (July 1972): 353-72; Louis P. Cain, "Unfouling the Public's Nest: Chicago's Sanitary Diversion of Lake Michigan Water," 15 (October 1974): 594-613; William H. Te Brake, "Air Pollution and Fuel Crises in Preindustrial London, 1250-1650," 16 (July 1975): 337-59; John H. Perkins, "Reshaping Technology in Wartime: The Effect of Military Goals on Entomological Research and Insect-Control Practices," 19 (April 1978): 169-86; Carlos Flick, "The Movement for Smoke Abatement in 19th-Century Britain," 21 (January 1980): 29-50; Suellen Hoy, "The Garbage Disposer, the Public Health, and the Good Life," 26 (October 1985): 758-84; and J. Samuel Walker, "Nuclear Power and the Environment: The Atomic Energy Commission and Thermal Pollution, 1965-1971," 30 (October 1989): 964-92.
68. John M. Staudenmaier, "Recent Trends in the History of Technology," American Historical Review 95 (June 1990): 724. In backing this statement, Staudenmaier identified only two articles from Technology and Culture - Joel Tarr et al., "Water and Wastes: A Retrospective Assessment of Wastewater Technology in the United States, 1800-1932" 25 (April 1984): 226-63, and John G. Burke, "Wood Pulp, Water Pollution, and Advertising" 20 (January 1979): 175-95 - as exemplifying the study of technology and the environment. Although clearly not a well-developed, thematic research area within the history of technology, several other articles in Technology and Culture addressed that subject. Among them were Rosenberg, "Technology and the Environment" (n. 8 above); Louis P. Cain, "Raising and Watering a City: Ellis Sylvester Chesbrough and Chicago's First Sanitation System," 13 (July 1972): 353-72; Louis P. Cain, "Unfouling the Public's Nest: Chicago's Sanitary Diversion of Lake Michigan Water," 15 (October 1974): 594-613; William H. Te Brake, "Air Pollution and Fuel Crises in Preindustrial London, 1250-1650," 16 (July 1975): 337-59; John H. Perkins, "Reshaping Technology in Wartime: The Effect of Military Goals on Entomological Research and Insect-Control Practices," 19 (April 1978): 169-86; Carlos Flick, "The Movement for Smoke Abatement in 19th-Century Britain," 21 (January 1980): 29-50; Suellen Hoy, "The Garbage Disposer, the Public Health, and the Good Life," 26 (October 1985): 758-84; and J. Samuel Walker, "Nuclear Power and the Environment: The Atomic Energy Commission and Thermal Pollution, 1965-1971," 30 (October 1989): 964-92.
69. John M. Staudenmaier, "Recent Trends in the History of Technology," American Historical Review 95 (June 1990): 724. In backing this statement, Staudenmaier identified only two articles from Technology and Culture - Joel Tarr et al., "Water and Wastes: A Retrospective Assessment of Wastewater Technology in the United States, 1800-1932" 25 (April 1984): 226-63, and John G. Burke, "Wood Pulp, Water Pollution, and Advertising" 20 (January 1979): 175-95 - as exemplifying the study of technology and the environment. Although clearly not a well-developed, thematic research area within the history of technology, several other articles in Technology and Culture addressed that subject. Among them were Rosenberg, "Technology and the Environment" (n. 8 above); Louis P. Cain, "Raising and Watering a City: Ellis Sylvester Chesbrough and Chicago's First Sanitation System," 13 (July 1972): 353-72; Louis P. Cain, "Unfouling the Public's Nest: Chicago's Sanitary Diversion of Lake Michigan Water," 15 (October 1974): 594-613; William H. Te Brake, "Air Pollution and Fuel Crises in Preindustrial London, 1250-1650," 16 (July 1975): 337-59; John H. Perkins, "Reshaping Technology in Wartime: The Effect of Military Goals on Entomological Research and Insect-Control Practices," 19 (April 1978): 169-86; Carlos Flick, "The Movement for Smoke Abatement in 19th-Century Britain," 21 (January 1980): 29-50; Suellen Hoy, "The Garbage Disposer, the Public Health, and the Good Life," 26 (October 1985): 758-84; and J. Samuel Walker, "Nuclear Power and the Environment: The Atomic Energy Commission and Thermal Pollution, 1965-1971," 30 (October 1989): 964-92.
70. John M. Staudenmaier, "Recent Trends in the History of Technology," American Historical Review 95 (June 1990): 724. In backing this statement, Staudenmaier identified only two articles from Technology and Culture - Joel Tarr et al., "Water and Wastes: A Retrospective Assessment of Wastewater Technology in the United States, 1800-1932" 25 (April 1984): 226-63, and John G. Burke, "Wood Pulp, Water Pollution, and Advertising" 20 (January 1979): 175-95 - as exemplifying the study of technology and the environment. Although clearly not a well-developed, thematic research area within the history of technology, several other articles in Technology and Culture addressed that subject. Among them were Rosenberg, "Technology and the Environment" (n. 8 above); Louis P. Cain, "Raising and Watering a City: Ellis Sylvester Chesbrough and Chicago's First Sanitation System," 13 (July 1972): 353-72; Louis P. Cain, "Unfouling the Public's Nest: Chicago's Sanitary Diversion of Lake Michigan Water," 15 (October 1974): 594-613; William H. Te Brake, "Air Pollution and Fuel Crises in Preindustrial London, 1250-1650," 16 (July 1975): 337-59; John H. Perkins, "Reshaping Technology in Wartime: The Effect of Military Goals on Entomological Research and Insect-Control Practices," 19 (April 1978): 169-86; Carlos Flick, "The Movement for Smoke Abatement in 19th-Century Britain," 21 (January 1980): 29-50; Suellen Hoy, "The Garbage Disposer, the Public Health, and the Good Life," 26 (October 1985): 758-84; and J. Samuel Walker, "Nuclear Power and the Environment: The Atomic Energy Commission and Thermal Pollution, 1965-1971," 30 (October 1989): 964-92.
71. John M. Staudenmaier, "Recent Trends in the History of Technology," American Historical Review 95 (June 1990): 724. In backing this statement, Staudenmaier identified only two articles from Technology and Culture - Joel Tarr et al., "Water and Wastes: A Retrospective Assessment of Wastewater Technology in the United States, 1800-1932" 25 (April 1984): 226-63, and John G. Burke, "Wood Pulp, Water Pollution, and Advertising" 20 (January 1979): 175-95 - as exemplifying the study of technology and the environment. Although clearly not a well-developed, thematic research area within the history of technology, several other articles in Technology and Culture addressed that subject. Among them were Rosenberg, "Technology and the Environment" (n. 8 above); Louis P. Cain, "Raising and Watering a City: Ellis Sylvester Chesbrough and Chicago's First Sanitation System," 13 (July 1972): 353-72; Louis P. Cain, "Unfouling the Public's Nest: Chicago's Sanitary Diversion of Lake Michigan Water," 15 (October 1974): 594-613; William H. Te Brake, "Air Pollution and Fuel Crises in Preindustrial London, 1250-1650," 16 (July 1975): 337-59; John H. Perkins, "Reshaping Technology in Wartime: The Effect of Military Goals on Entomological Research and Insect-Control Practices," 19 (April 1978): 169-86; Carlos Flick, "The Movement for Smoke Abatement in 19th-Century Britain," 21 (January 1980): 29-50; Suellen Hoy, "The Garbage Disposer, the Public Health, and the Good Life," 26 (October 1985): 758-84; and J. Samuel Walker, "Nuclear Power and the Environment: The Atomic Energy Commission and Thermal Pollution, 1965-1971," 30 (October 1989): 964-92.
72. John M. Staudenmaier, "Recent Trends in the History of Technology," American Historical Review 95 (June 1990): 724. In backing this statement, Staudenmaier identified only two articles from Technology and Culture - Joel Tarr et al., "Water and Wastes: A Retrospective Assessment of Wastewater Technology in the United States, 1800-1932" 25 (April 1984): 226-63, and John G. Burke, "Wood Pulp, Water Pollution, and Advertising" 20 (January 1979): 175-95 - as exemplifying the study of technology and the environment. Although clearly not a well-developed, thematic research area within the history of technology, several other articles in Technology and Culture addressed that subject. Among them were Rosenberg, "Technology and the Environment" (n. 8 above); Louis P. Cain, "Raising and Watering a City: Ellis Sylvester Chesbrough and Chicago's First Sanitation System," 13 (July 1972): 353-72; Louis P. Cain, "Unfouling the Public's Nest: Chicago's Sanitary Diversion of Lake Michigan Water," 15 (October 1974): 594-613; William H. Te Brake, "Air Pollution and Fuel Crises in Preindustrial London, 1250-1650," 16 (July 1975): 337-59; John H. Perkins, "Reshaping Technology in Wartime: The Effect of Military Goals on Entomological Research and Insect-Control Practices," 19 (April 1978): 169-86; Carlos Flick, "The Movement for Smoke Abatement in 19th-Century Britain," 21 (January 1980): 29-50; Suellen Hoy, "The Garbage Disposer, the Public Health, and the Good Life," 26 (October 1985): 758-84; and J. Samuel Walker, "Nuclear Power and the Environment: The Atomic Energy Commission and Thermal Pollution, 1965-1971," 30 (October 1989): 964-92.
73. John M. Staudenmaier, "Recent Trends in the History of Technology," American Historical Review 95 (June 1990): 724. In backing this statement, Staudenmaier identified only two articles from Technology and Culture - Joel Tarr et al., "Water and Wastes: A Retrospective Assessment of Wastewater Technology in the United States, 1800-1932" 25 (April 1984): 226-63, and John G. Burke, "Wood Pulp, Water Pollution, and Advertising" 20 (January 1979): 175-95 - as exemplifying the study of technology and the environment. Although clearly not a well-developed, thematic research area within the history of technology, several other articles in Technology and Culture addressed that subject. Among them were Rosenberg, "Technology and the Environment" (n. 8 above); Louis P. Cain, "Raising and Watering a City: Ellis Sylvester Chesbrough and Chicago's First Sanitation System," 13 (July 1972): 353-72; Louis P. Cain, "Unfouling the Public's Nest: Chicago's Sanitary Diversion of Lake Michigan Water," 15 (October 1974): 594-613; William H. Te Brake, "Air Pollution and Fuel Crises in Preindustrial London, 1250-1650," 16 (July 1975): 337-59; John H. Perkins, "Reshaping Technology in Wartime: The Effect of Military Goals on Entomological Research and Insect-Control Practices," 19 (April 1978): 169-86; Carlos Flick, "The Movement for Smoke Abatement in 19th-Century Britain," 21 (January 1980): 29-50; Suellen Hoy, "The Garbage Disposer, the Public Health, and the Good Life," 26 (October 1985): 758-84; and J. Samuel Walker, "Nuclear Power and the Environment: The Atomic Energy Commission and Thermal Pollution, 1965-1971," 30 (October 1989): 964-92.
74. John M. Staudenmaier, "Recent Trends in the History of Technology," American Historical Review 95 (June 1990): 724. In backing this statement, Staudenmaier identified only two articles from Technology and Culture - Joel Tarr et al., "Water and Wastes: A Retrospective Assessment of Wastewater Technology in the United States, 1800-1932" 25 (April 1984): 226-63, and John G. Burke, "Wood Pulp, Water Pollution, and Advertising" 20 (January 1979): 175-95 - as exemplifying the study of technology and the environment. Although clearly not a well-developed, thematic research area within the history of technology, several other articles in Technology and Culture addressed that subject. Among them were Rosenberg, "Technology and the Environment" (n. 8 above); Louis P. Cain, "Raising and Watering a City: Ellis Sylvester Chesbrough and Chicago's First Sanitation System," 13 (July 1972): 353-72; Louis P. Cain, "Unfouling the Public's Nest: Chicago's Sanitary Diversion of Lake Michigan Water," 15 (October 1974): 594-613; William H. Te Brake, "Air Pollution and Fuel Crises in Preindustrial London, 1250-1650," 16 (July 1975): 337-59; John H. Perkins, "Reshaping Technology in Wartime: The Effect of Military Goals on Entomological Research and Insect-Control Practices," 19 (April 1978): 169-86; Carlos Flick, "The Movement for Smoke Abatement in 19th-Century Britain," 21 (January 1980): 29-50; Suellen Hoy, "The Garbage Disposer, the Public Health, and the Good Life," 26 (October 1985): 758-84; and J. Samuel Walker, "Nuclear Power and the Environment: The Atomic Energy Commission and Thermal Pollution, 1965-1971," 30 (October 1989): 964-92.
75. John M. Staudenmaier, "Recent Trends in the History of Technology," American Historical Review 95 (June 1990): 724. In backing this statement, Staudenmaier identified only two articles from Technology and Culture - Joel Tarr et al., "Water and Wastes: A Retrospective Assessment of Wastewater Technology in the United States, 1800-1932" 25 (April 1984): 226-63, and John G. Burke, "Wood Pulp, Water Pollution, and Advertising" 20 (January 1979): 175-95 - as exemplifying the study of technology and the environment. Although clearly not a well-developed, thematic research area within the history of technology, several other articles in Technology and Culture addressed that subject. Among them were Rosenberg, "Technology and the Environment" (n. 8 above); Louis P. Cain, "Raising and Watering a City: Ellis Sylvester Chesbrough and Chicago's First Sanitation System," 13 (July 1972): 353-72; Louis P. Cain, "Unfouling the Public's Nest: Chicago's Sanitary Diversion of Lake Michigan Water," 15 (October 1974): 594-613; William H. Te Brake, "Air Pollution and Fuel Crises in Preindustrial London, 1250-1650," 16 (July 1975): 337-59; John H. Perkins, "Reshaping Technology in Wartime: The Effect of Military Goals on Entomological Research and Insect-Control Practices," 19 (April 1978): 169-86; Carlos Flick, "The Movement for Smoke Abatement in 19th-Century Britain," 21 (January 1980): 29-50; Suellen Hoy, "The Garbage Disposer, the Public Health, and the Good Life," 26 (October 1985): 758-84; and J. Samuel Walker, "Nuclear Power and the Environment: The Atomic Energy Commission and Thermal Pollution, 1965-1971," 30 (October 1989): 964-92.
76. John M. Staudenmaier, "Recent Trends in the History of Technology," American Historical Review 95 (June 1990): 724. In backing this statement, Staudenmaier identified only two articles from Technology and Culture - Joel Tarr et al., "Water and Wastes: A Retrospective Assessment of Wastewater Technology in the United States, 1800-1932" 25 (April 1984): 226-63, and John G. Burke, "Wood Pulp, Water Pollution, and Advertising" 20 (January 1979): 175-95 - as exemplifying the study of technology and the environment. Although clearly not a well-developed, thematic research area within the history of technology, several other articles in Technology and Culture addressed that subject. Among them were Rosenberg, "Technology and the Environment" (n. 8 above); Louis P. Cain, "Raising and Watering a City: Ellis Sylvester Chesbrough and Chicago's First Sanitation System," 13 (July 1972): 353-72; Louis P. Cain, "Unfouling the Public's Nest: Chicago's Sanitary Diversion of Lake Michigan Water," 15 (October 1974): 594-613; William H. Te Brake, "Air Pollution and Fuel Crises in Preindustrial London, 1250-1650," 16 (July 1975): 337-59; John H. Perkins, "Reshaping Technology in Wartime: The Effect of Military Goals on Entomological Research and Insect-Control Practices," 19 (April 1978): 169-86; Carlos Flick, "The Movement for Smoke Abatement in 19th-Century Britain," 21 (January 1980): 29-50; Suellen Hoy, "The Garbage Disposer, the Public Health, and the Good Life," 26 (October 1985): 758-84; and J. Samuel Walker, "Nuclear Power and the Environment: The Atomic Energy Commission and Thermal Pollution, 1965-1971," 30 (October 1989): 964-92.
77. John M. Staudenmaier, "Recent Trends in the History of Technology," American Historical Review 95 (June 1990): 724. In backing this statement, Staudenmaier identified only two articles from Technology and Culture - Joel Tarr et al., "Water and Wastes: A Retrospective Assessment of Wastewater Technology in the United States, 1800-1932" 25 (April 1984): 226-63, and John G. Burke, "Wood Pulp, Water Pollution, and Advertising" 20 (January 1979): 175-95 - as exemplifying the study of technology and the environment. Although clearly not a well-developed, thematic research area within the history of technology, several other articles in Technology and Culture addressed that subject. Among them were Rosenberg, "Technology and the Environment" (n. 8 above); Louis P. Cain, "Raising and Watering a City: Ellis Sylvester Chesbrough and Chicago's First Sanitation System," 13 (July 1972): 353-72; Louis P. Cain, "Unfouling the Public's Nest: Chicago's Sanitary Diversion of Lake Michigan Water," 15 (October 1974): 594-613; William H. Te Brake, "Air Pollution and Fuel Crises in Preindustrial London, 1250-1650," 16 (July 1975): 337-59; John H. Perkins, "Reshaping Technology in Wartime: The Effect of Military Goals on Entomological Research and Insect-Control Practices," 19 (April 1978): 169-86; Carlos Flick, "The Movement for Smoke Abatement in 19th-Century Britain," 21 (January 1980): 29-50; Suellen Hoy, "The Garbage Disposer, the Public Health, and the Good Life," 26 (October 1985): 758-84; and J. Samuel Walker, "Nuclear Power and the Environment: The Atomic Energy Commission and Thermal Pollution, 1965-1971," 30 (October 1989): 964-92.
78. Martin Reuss, Shaping Environmental Awareness: The United States Army Corps of Engineers Environmental Advisory Board, 1970-1980 (Washington, D.C., 1983). Subsequent titles included Jeffrey K. Stine and Michael C. Robinson, eds., The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and Environmental Issues in the Twentieth Century: A Bibliography (Washington, D.C., 1984); and Raymond H. Merritt, The Corps, the Environment, and the Upper Mississippi River Basin (Washington, D.C., 1984).
79. Martin Reuss, Shaping Environmental Awareness: The United States Army Corps of Engineers Environmental Advisory Board, 1970-1980 (Washington, D.C., 1983). Subsequent titles included Jeffrey K. Stine and Michael C. Robinson, eds., The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and Environmental Issues in the Twentieth Century: A Bibliography (Washington, D.C., 1984); and Raymond H. Merritt, The Corps, the Environment, and the Upper Mississippi River Basin (Washington, D.C., 1984).
80. Martin Reuss, Shaping Environmental Awareness: The United States Army Corps of Engineers Environmental Advisory Board, 1970-1980 (Washington, D.C., 1983). Subsequent titles included Jeffrey K. Stine and Michael C. Robinson, eds., The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and Environmental Issues in the Twentieth Century: A Bibliography (Washington, D.C., 1984); and Raymond H. Merritt, The Corps, the Environment, and the Upper Mississippi River Basin (Washington, D.C., 1984).
81. The three papers in this session included Michael Smith, "Ratings First! Earth Later! Media Depictions of Environmental Issues"; McEvoy, "Working Environments" (n. 13 above); and Jeffrey K. Stine, "Engineering a Better Environment."
82. The three papers in this session included Michael Smith, "Ratings First! Earth Later! Media Depictions of Environmental Issues"; McEvoy, "Working Environments" (n. 13 above); and Jeffrey K. Stine, "Engineering a Better Environment."
83. The three papers in this session included Michael Smith, "Ratings First! Earth Later! Media Depictions of Environmental Issues"; McEvoy, "Working Environments" (n. 13 above); and Jeffrey K. Stine, "Engineering a Better Environment."
84. The University of Akron Press's Technology and the Environment series, edited by Jeffrey K. Stine and William McGucken, has issued five titles to date: Jeffrey K. Stine, Mixing the Waters: Environment, Politics, and the Building of the Tennessee-Tombigbee Waterway (1993); James Rodger Fleming and Henry A. Gemery, eds., Science, Technology, and the Environment: Multidisciplinary Perspectives (1994); Joel A. Tarr, The Search for the Ultimate Sink: Urban Pollution in Historical Perspective (1996); James C. Williams, Energy and the Making of Modern California (1997); and Porter.
85. The University of Akron Press's Technology and the Environment series, edited by Jeffrey K. Stine and William McGucken, has issued five titles to date: Jeffrey K. Stine, Mixing the Waters: Environment, Politics, and the Building of the Tennessee-Tombigbee Waterway (1993); James Rodger Fleming and Henry A. Gemery, eds., Science, Technology, and the Environment: Multidisciplinary Perspectives (1994); Joel A. Tarr, The Search for the Ultimate Sink: Urban Pollution in Historical Perspective (1996); James C. Williams, Energy and the Making of Modern California (1997); and Porter.
86. The University of Akron Press's Technology and the Environment series, edited by Jeffrey K. Stine and William McGucken, has issued five titles to date: Jeffrey K. Stine, Mixing the Waters: Environment, Politics, and the Building of the Tennessee-Tombigbee Waterway (1993); James Rodger Fleming and Henry A. Gemery, eds., Science, Technology, and the Environment: Multidisciplinary Perspectives (1994); Joel A. Tarr, The Search for the Ultimate Sink: Urban Pollution in Historical Perspective (1996); James C. Williams, Energy and the Making of Modern California (1997); and Porter.
87. The University of Akron Press's Technology and the Environment series, edited by Jeffrey K. Stine and William McGucken, has issued five titles to date: Jeffrey K. Stine, Mixing the Waters: Environment, Politics, and the Building of the Tennessee-Tombigbee Waterway (1993); James Rodger Fleming and Henry A. Gemery, eds., Science, Technology, and the Environment: Multidisciplinary Perspectives (1994); Joel A. Tarr, The Search for the Ultimate Sink: Urban Pollution in Historical Perspective (1996); James C. Williams, Energy and the Making of Modern California (1997); and Porter.
88. The University of Akron Press's Technology and the Environment series, edited by Jeffrey K. Stine and William McGucken, has issued five titles to date: Jeffrey K. Stine, Mixing the Waters: Environment, Politics, and the Building of the Tennessee-Tombigbee Waterway (1993); James Rodger Fleming and Henry A. Gemery, eds., Science, Technology, and the Environment: Multidisciplinary Perspectives (1994); Joel A. Tarr, The Search for the Ultimate Sink: Urban Pollution in Historical Perspective (1996); James C. Williams, Energy and the Making of Modern California (1997); and Porter.
89. Those themes have been encouraged by three recent chairs of ASEH's biennial meeting program committee, each of whom happened to have a special interest in the history of technology: Martin V. Melosi in 1991; Joel A. Tarr in 1993; and Jeffrey K. Stine in 1997. Stine served as SHOT's first liaison to the ASEH from 1991 to 1996, when Lynne Page Snyder succeeded him.
90. See Joel A. Tarr and Jeffrey K. Stine, guest editors, Environmental History Review 18 (spring 1994): 1-116. The articles included Jeffrey K. Stine and Joel A. Tarr, "Technology and the Environment: The Historians' Challenge"; Joel A. Tarr, "Searching for a 'Sink' for an Industrial Waste: Iron-Making Fuels and the Environment"; FranzJosef Bruggemeier, "A Nature Fit for Industry: The Environmental History of the Ruhr Basin, 1840-1990"; Christopher Sellers, "Factory as Environment: Industrial Hygiene, Professional Collaboration and the Modern Sciences of Pollution"; Craig E. Colton, "Creating a Toxic Landscape: Chemical Waste Disposal Policy and Practice, 1900-1960"; and Lynne Page Snyder, "'The Death-Dealing Smog over Donora, Pennsylvania': Industrial Air Pollution, Public Health Policy, and the Politics of Expertise, 1948-1949."
91. See Joel A. Tarr and Jeffrey K. Stine, guest editors, Environmental History Review 18 (spring 1994): 1-116. The articles included Jeffrey K. Stine and Joel A. Tarr, "Technology and the Environment: The Historians' Challenge"; Joel A. Tarr, "Searching for a 'Sink' for an Industrial Waste: Iron-Making Fuels and the Environment"; FranzJosef Bruggemeier, "A Nature Fit for Industry: The Environmental History of the Ruhr Basin, 1840-1990"; Christopher Sellers, "Factory as Environment: Industrial Hygiene, Professional Collaboration and the Modern Sciences of Pollution"; Craig E. Colton, "Creating a Toxic Landscape: Chemical Waste Disposal Policy and Practice, 1900-1960"; and Lynne Page Snyder, "'The Death-Dealing Smog over Donora, Pennsylvania': Industrial Air Pollution, Public Health Policy, and the Politics of Expertise, 1948-1949."
92. See Joel A. Tarr and Jeffrey K. Stine, guest editors, Environmental History Review 18 (spring 1994): 1-116. The articles included Jeffrey K. Stine and Joel A. Tarr, "Technology and the Environment: The Historians' Challenge"; Joel A. Tarr, "Searching for a 'Sink' for an Industrial Waste: Iron-Making Fuels and the Environment"; FranzJosef Bruggemeier, "A Nature Fit for Industry: The Environmental History of the Ruhr Basin, 1840-1990"; Christopher Sellers, "Factory as Environment: Industrial Hygiene, Professional Collaboration and the Modern Sciences of Pollution"; Craig E. Colton, "Creating a Toxic Landscape: Chemical Waste Disposal Policy and Practice, 1900-1960"; and Lynne Page Snyder, "'The Death-Dealing Smog over Donora, Pennsylvania': Industrial Air Pollution, Public Health Policy, and the Politics of Expertise, 1948-1949."
93. See Joel A. Tarr and Jeffrey K. Stine, guest editors, Environmental History Review 18 (spring 1994): 1-116. The articles included Jeffrey K. Stine and Joel A. Tarr, "Technology and the Environment: The Historians' Challenge"; Joel A. Tarr, "Searching for a 'Sink' for an Industrial Waste: Iron-Making Fuels and the Environment"; FranzJosef Bruggemeier, "A Nature Fit for Industry: The Environmental History of the Ruhr Basin, 1840-1990"; Christopher Sellers, "Factory as Environment: Industrial Hygiene, Professional Collaboration and the Modern Sciences of Pollution"; Craig E. Colton, "Creating a Toxic Landscape: Chemical Waste Disposal Policy and Practice, 1900-1960"; and Lynne Page Snyder, "'The Death-Dealing Smog over Donora, Pennsylvania': Industrial Air Pollution, Public Health Policy, and the Politics of Expertise, 1948-1949."
94. See Joel A. Tarr and Jeffrey K. Stine, guest editors, Environmental History Review 18 (spring 1994): 1-116. The articles included Jeffrey K. Stine and Joel A. Tarr, "Technology and the Environment: The Historians' Challenge"; Joel A. Tarr, "Searching for a 'Sink' for an Industrial Waste: Iron-Making Fuels and the Environment"; FranzJosef Bruggemeier, "A Nature Fit for Industry: The Environmental History of the Ruhr Basin, 1840-1990"; Christopher Sellers, "Factory as Environment: Industrial Hygiene, Professional Collaboration and the Modern Sciences of Pollution"; Craig E. Colton, "Creating a Toxic Landscape: Chemical Waste Disposal Policy and Practice, 1900-1960"; and Lynne Page Snyder, "'The Death-Dealing Smog over Donora, Pennsylvania': Industrial Air Pollution, Public Health Policy, and the Politics of Expertise, 1948-1949."
95. See Joel A. Tarr and Jeffrey K. Stine, guest editors, Environmental History Review 18 (spring 1994): 1-116. The articles included Jeffrey K. Stine and Joel A. Tarr, "Technology and the Environment: The Historians' Challenge"; Joel A. Tarr, "Searching for a 'Sink' for an Industrial Waste: Iron-Making Fuels and the Environment"; FranzJosef Bruggemeier, "A Nature Fit for Industry: The Environmental History of the Ruhr Basin, 1840-1990"; Christopher Sellers, "Factory as Environment: Industrial Hygiene, Professional Collaboration and the Modern Sciences of Pollution"; Craig E. Colton, "Creating a Toxic Landscape: Chemical Waste Disposal Policy and Practice, 1900-1960"; and Lynne Page Snyder, "'The Death-Dealing Smog over Donora, Pennsylvania': Industrial Air Pollution, Public Health Policy, and the Politics of Expertise, 1948-1949."
96. See Joel A. Tarr and Jeffrey K. Stine, guest editors, Environmental History Review 18 (spring 1994): 1-116. The articles included Jeffrey K. Stine and Joel A. Tarr, "Technology and the Environment: The Historians' Challenge"; Joel A. Tarr, "Searching for a 'Sink' for an Industrial Waste: Iron-Making Fuels and the Environment"; FranzJosef Bruggemeier, "A Nature Fit for Industry: The Environmental History of the Ruhr Basin, 1840-1990"; Christopher Sellers, "Factory as Environment: Industrial Hygiene, Professional Collaboration and the Modern Sciences of Pollution"; Craig E. Colton, "Creating a Toxic Landscape: Chemical Waste Disposal Policy and Practice, 1900-1960"; and Lynne Page Snyder, "'The Death-Dealing Smog over Donora, Pennsylvania': Industrial Air Pollution, Public Health Policy, and the Politics of Expertise, 1948-1949."
97. Christine Meisner Rosen and Joel A. Tarr served as guest editors of this special issue of Journal of Urban History 20 (May 1994): 299-434. The articles included Christine Meisner Rosen and Joel A. Tarr, "The Importance of an Urban Perspective in Environmental History": Christopher Hamlin, "Environmental Sensibility in Edinburgh, 1839-1840: The 'Fetid Irrigation' Controversy"; Andrew Hurley, "Creating Ecological Wastelands: Oil Pollution in New York City, 1870-1900"; Martin V. Melosi, "Sanitary Services and Decision Making in Houston, 1876-1945"; and Adam W. Rome, "Building on the Land: Toward an Environmental History of Residential Development in American Cities and Suburbs, 1870-1990."
98. Christine Meisner Rosen and Joel A. Tarr served as guest editors of this special issue of Journal of Urban History 20 (May 1994): 299-434. The articles included Christine Meisner Rosen and Joel A. Tarr, "The Importance of an Urban Perspective in Environmental History": Christopher Hamlin, "Environmental Sensibility in Edinburgh, 1839-1840: The 'Fetid Irrigation' Controversy"; Andrew Hurley, "Creating Ecological Wastelands: Oil Pollution in New York City, 1870-1900"; Martin V. Melosi, "Sanitary Services and Decision Making in Houston, 1876-1945"; and Adam W. Rome, "Building on the Land: Toward an Environmental History of Residential Development in American Cities and Suburbs, 1870-1990."
99. Christine Meisner Rosen and Joel A. Tarr served as guest editors of this special issue of Journal of Urban History 20 (May 1994): 299-434. The articles included Christine Meisner Rosen and Joel A. Tarr, "The Importance of an Urban Perspective in Environmental History": Christopher Hamlin, "Environmental Sensibility in Edinburgh, 1839-1840: The 'Fetid Irrigation' Controversy"; Andrew Hurley, "Creating Ecological Wastelands: Oil Pollution in New York City, 1870-1900"; Martin V. Melosi, "Sanitary Services and Decision Making in Houston, 1876-1945"; and Adam W. Rome, "Building on the Land: Toward an Environmental History of Residential Development in American Cities and Suburbs, 1870-1990."
100. Christine Meisner Rosen and Joel A. Tarr served as guest editors of this special issue of Journal of Urban History 20 (May 1994): 299-434. The articles included Christine Meisner Rosen and Joel A. Tarr, "The Importance of an Urban Perspective in Environmental History": Christopher Hamlin, "Environmental Sensibility in Edinburgh, 1839-1840: The 'Fetid Irrigation'
101. Christine Meisner Rosen and Joel A. Tarr served as guest editors of this special issue of Journal of Urban History 20 (May 1994): 299-434. The articles included Christine Meisner Rosen and Joel A. Tarr, "The Importance of an Urban Perspective in Environmental History": Christopher Hamlin, "Environmental Sensibility in Edinburgh, 1839-1840: The 'Fetid Irrigation' Controversy"; Andrew Hurley, "Creating Ecological Wastelands: Oil Pollution in New York City, 1870-1900"; Martin V. Melosi, "Sanitary Services and Decision Making in Houston, 1876-1945"; and Adam W. Rome, "Building on the Land: Toward an Environmental History of Residential Development in American Cities and Suburbs, 1870-1990."
102. Christine Meisner Rosen and Joel A. Tarr served as guest editors of this special issue of Journal of Urban History 20 (May 1994): 299-434. The articles included Christine Meisner Rosen and Joel A. Tarr, "The Importance of an Urban Perspective in Environmental History": Christopher Hamlin, "Environmental Sensibility in Edinburgh, 1839-1840: The 'Fetid Irrigation' Controversy"; Andrew Hurley, "Creating Ecological Wastelands: Oil Pollution in New York City, 1870-1900"; Martin V. Melosi, "Sanitary Services and Decision Making in Houston, 1876-1945"; and Adam W. Rome, "Building on the Land: Toward an Environmental History of Residential Development in American Cities and Suburbs, 1870-1990."
103. Edmund Russell (assistant professor in the University of Virginia School of Engineering and Applied Science) to Joel A. Tarr, 4 March 1997.
104. Melvin Kranzberg and Carroll W. Pursell Jr., eds., Technology in Western Civilization, 2 vols. (New York, 1967). See especially Aaron J. Ihde's chapter, "Pest and Disease Controls," and J. L. Penick's chapter, "The Resource Revolution," in vol. 2. Although somewhat episodic in his presentations, Pursell extended these forays into the technological dimensions of environmental history in two subsequent anthologies: Carroll W. Pursell Jr., ed., Readings in Technology and American Life (New York, 1969), 264-80; and Carroll Pursell, From Conservation to Ecology: The Development of Environmental Concern (New York, 1973), passim.
105. Melvin Kranzberg and Carroll W. Pursell Jr., eds., Technology in Western Civilization, 2 vols. (New York, 1967). See especially Aaron J. Ihde's chapter, "Pest and Disease Controls," and J. L. Penick's chapter, "The Resource Revolution," in vol. 2. Although somewhat episodic in his presentations, Pursell extended these forays into the technological dimensions of environmental history in two subsequent anthologies: Carroll W. Pursell Jr., ed., Readings in Technology and American Life (New York, 1969), 264-80; and Carroll Pursell, From Conservation to Ecology: The Development of Environmental Concern (New York, 1973), passim.
106. Melvin Kranzberg and Carroll W. Pursell Jr., eds., Technology in Western Civilization, 2 vols. (New York, 1967). See especially Aaron J. Ihde's chapter, "Pest and Disease Controls," and J. L. Penick's chapter, "The Resource Revolution," in vol. 2. Although somewhat episodic in his presentations, Pursell extended these forays into the technological dimensions of environmental history in two subsequent anthologies: Carroll W. Pursell Jr., ed., Readings in Technology and American Life (New York, 1969), 264-80; and Carroll Pursell, From Conservation to Ecology: The Development of Environmental Concern (New York, 1973), passim.
107. Melvin Kranzberg and Carroll W. Pursell Jr., eds., Technology in Western Civilization, 2 vols. (New York, 1967). See especially Aaron J. Ihde's chapter, "Pest and Disease Controls," and J. L. Penick's chapter, "The Resource Revolution," in vol. 2. Although somewhat episodic in his presentations, Pursell extended these forays into the technological dimensions of environmental history in two subsequent anthologies: Carroll W. Pursell Jr., ed., Readings in Technology and American Life (New York, 1969), 264-80; and Carroll Pursell, From Conservation to Ecology: The Development of Environmental Concern (New York, 1973), passim.
108. Melvin Kranzberg and Carroll W. Pursell Jr., eds., Technology in Western Civilization, 2 vols. (New York, 1967). See especially Aaron J. Ihde's chapter, "Pest and Disease Controls," and J. L. Penick's chapter, "The Resource Revolution," in vol. 2. Although somewhat episodic in his presentations, Pursell extended these forays into the technological dimensions of environmental history in two subsequent anthologies: Carroll W. Pursell Jr., ed., Readings in Technology and American Life (New York, 1969), 264-80; and Carroll Pursell, From Conservation to Ecology: The Development of Environmental Concern (New York, 1973), passim.
109. Paul W. DeVore, Technology: An Introduction (Worcester, Mass., 1980), 304-9. Although aimed at a different audience than that for the history of technology textbooks discussed in this section, Joseph M. Petulla's American Environmental History: The Exploitation and Conservation of Natural Resources (San Francisco, 1977) remains one of the few environmental history surveys to explicitly incorporate the perspective of the history of technology. In providing an overview of the exploitation of natural resources in the United States, Petulla maintains that industrialized economic development contributed directly to mounting pollution levels, ecological disruptions, and the depletion of various natural resources. For his extensions of this argument, see Joseph M. Petulla, American Environmentalism: Values, Tactics, Priorities (College Station, Tex., 1980); and Environmental Protection in the United States: Industry, Agencies, Environmentalists (San Francisco, 1987).
110. Paul W. DeVore, Technology: An Introduction (Worcester, Mass., 1980), 304-9. Although aimed at a different audience than that for the history of technology textbooks discussed in this section, Joseph M. Petulla's American Environmental History: The Exploitation and Conservation of Natural Resources (San Francisco, 1977) remains one of the few environmental history surveys to explicitly incorporate the perspective of the history of technology. In providing an overview of the exploitation of natural resources in the United States, Petulla maintains that industrialized economic development contributed directly to mounting pollution levels, ecological disruptions, and the depletion of various natural resources. For his extensions of this argument, see Joseph M. Petulla, American Environmentalism: Values, Tactics, Priorities (College Station, Tex., 1980); and Environmental Protection in the United States: Industry, Agencies, Environmentalists (San Francisco, 1987).
111. Paul W. DeVore, Technology: An Introduction (Worcester, Mass., 1980), 304-9. Although aimed at a different audience than that for the history of technology textbooks discussed in this section, Joseph M. Petulla's American Environmental History: The Exploitation and Conservation of Natural Resources (San Francisco, 1977) remains one of the few environmental history surveys to explicitly incorporate the perspective of the history of technology. In providing an overview of the exploitation of natural resources in the United States, Petulla maintains that industrialized economic development contributed directly to mounting pollution levels, ecological disruptions, and the depletion of various natural resources. For his extensions of this argument, see Joseph M. Petulla, American Environmentalism: Values, Tactics, Priorities (College Station, Tex., 1980); and Environmental Protection in the United States: Industry, Agencies, Environmentalists (San Francisco, 1987).
112. Paul W. DeVore, Technology: An Introduction (Worcester, Mass., 1980), 304-9. Although aimed at a different audience than that for the history of technology textbooks discussed in this section, Joseph M. Petulla's American Environmental History: The Exploitation and Conservation of Natural Resources (San Francisco, 1977) remains one of the few environmental history surveys to explicitly incorporate the perspective of the history of technology. In providing an overview of the exploitation of natural resources in the United States, Petulla maintains that industrialized economic development contributed directly to mounting pollution levels, ecological disruptions, and the depletion of various natural resources. For his extensions of this argument, see Joseph M. Petulla, American Environmentalism: Values, Tactics, Priorities (College Station, Tex., 1980); and Environmental Protection in the United States: Industry, Agencies, Environmentalists (San Francisco, 1987).
113. Ruth Schwartz Cowan, "Ellen Swallow Richards: Technology and Women," and Samuel P. Hays, "Gifford Pinchot and the American Conservation Movement," both in Technology in America: A History of Individuals and Ideas, ed. Carroll W. Pursell Jr. (Cambridge, Mass., 1981), 142-62. For a discussion of how some engineers found an alternative to their traditional technological roles in the conservation movement and how they attempted to use this new movement to guide public policy, see Edwin T. Layton Jr., The Revolt of the Engineers: Social Responsibility and the American Engineering Profession (Cleveland, 1971), 63-65.
114. Ruth Schwartz Cowan, "Ellen Swallow Richards: Technology and Women," and Samuel P. Hays, "Gifford Pinchot and the American Conservation Movement," both in Technology in America: A History of Individuals and Ideas, ed. Carroll W. Pursell Jr. (Cambridge, Mass., 1981), 142-62. For a discussion of how some engineers found an alternative to their traditional technological roles in the conservation movement and how they attempted to use this new movement to guide public policy, see Edwin T. Layton Jr., The Revolt of the Engineers: Social Responsibility and the American Engineering Profession (Cleveland, 1971), 63-65.
115. Ruth Schwartz Cowan, "Ellen Swallow Richards: Technology and Women," and Samuel P. Hays, "Gifford Pinchot and the American Conservation Movement," both in Technology in America: A History of Individuals and Ideas, ed. Carroll W. Pursell Jr. (Cambridge, Mass., 1981), 142-62. For a discussion of how some engineers found an alternative to their traditional technological roles in the conservation movement and how they attempted to use this new movement to guide public policy, see Edwin T. Layton Jr., The Revolt of the Engineers: Social Responsibility and the American Engineering Profession (Cleveland, 1971), 63-65.
116. Alan I Marcus and Howard P. Segal, Technology in America: A Brief History (San Diego, 1989), 194-202, 346-48; Gary Cross and Rick Szostak, Technology and American Society: A History (Englewood Cliffs, N.J., 1995).
117. Alan I Marcus and Howard P. Segal, Technology in America: A Brief History (San Diego, 1989), 194-202, 346-48; Gary Cross and Rick Szostak, Technology and American Society: A History (Englewood Cliffs, N.J., 1995).
118. Carroll Pursell, The Machine in America: A Social History of Technology (Baltimore, 1995). For a mirror image of Pursell's textbook, see John Opie, Nature's Nation: An Environmental History of the United States (Fort Worth, Tex., 1998), which makes the most thorough effort to date to incorporate the literature and insights of the history of technology into a sweeping textbook of American environmental history.
119. Carroll Pursell, The Machine in America: A Social History of Technology (Baltimore, 1995). For a mirror image of Pursell's textbook, see John Opie, Nature's Nation: An Environmental History of the United States (Fort Worth, Tex., 1998), which makes the most thorough effort to date to incorporate the literature and insights of the history of technology into a sweeping textbook of American environmental history.
120. Ruth Schwartz Cowan, A Social History of American Technology (New York, 1997), 131, 234-43.
121. Merritt Roe Smith and Gregory Clancey, eds., Major Problems in the History of American Technology (Boston, 1998).
122. Nelson M. Blake, Water for the Cities: A History of the Urban Water Supply Problem in the United States (Syracuse, N.Y., 1956); and Carl W. Condit, Chicago, 1910-70: Building, Planning, and Urban Technology, 2 vols. (Chicago, 1973, 1974). For reasons not entirely clear, when Condit subsequently studied the port of New York, he paid considerably less attention to environmental variables. See Carl W. Condit, The Port of New York, vol. 1, A History of the Rail and Terminal System from the Beginnings to Pennsylvania Station, and vol. 2, A History of the Rail and Terminal System from the Grand Central Electrification to the Present (Chicago, 1980, 1981).
123. Nelson M. Blake, Water for the Cities: A History of the Urban Water Supply Problem in the United States (Syracuse, N.Y., 1956); and Carl W. Condit, Chicago, 1910-70: Building, Planning, and Urban Technology, 2 vols. (Chicago, 1973, 1974). For reasons not entirely clear, when Condit subsequently studied the port of New York, he paid considerably less attention to environmental variables. See Carl W. Condit, The Port of New York, vol. 1, A History of the Rail and Terminal System from the Beginnings to Pennsylvania Station, and vol. 2, A History of the Rail and Terminal System from the Grand Central Electrification to the Present (Chicago, 1980, 1981).
124. Nelson M. Blake, Water for the Cities: A History of the Urban Water Supply Problem in the United States (Syracuse, N.Y., 1956); and Carl W. Condit, Chicago, 1910-70: Building, Planning, and Urban Technology, 2 vols. (Chicago, 1973, 1974). For reasons not entirely clear, when Condit subsequently studied the port of New York, he paid considerably less attention to environmental variables. See Carl W. Condit, The Port of New York, vol. 1, A History of the Rail and Terminal System from the Beginnings to Pennsylvania Station, and vol. 2, A History of the Rail and Terminal System from the Grand Central Electrification to the Present (Chicago, 1980, 1981).
125. Nelson M. Blake, Water for the Cities: A History of the Urban Water Supply Problem in the United States (Syracuse, N.Y., 1956); and Carl W. Condit, Chicago, 1910-70: Building, Planning, and Urban Technology, 2 vols. (Chicago, 1973, 1974). For reasons not entirely clear, when Condit subsequently studied the port of New York, he paid considerably less attention to environmental variables. See Carl W. Condit, The Port of New York, vol. 1, A History of the Rail and Terminal System from the Beginnings to Pennsylvania Station, and vol. 2, A History of the Rail and Terminal System from the Grand Central Electrification to the Present (Chicago, 1980, 1981).
126. Nelson M. Blake, Water for the Cities: A History of the Urban Water Supply Problem in the United States (Syracuse, N.Y., 1956); and Carl W. Condit, Chicago, 1910-70: Building, Planning, and Urban Technology, 2 vols. (Chicago, 1973, 1974). For reasons not entirely clear, when Condit subsequently studied the port of New York, he paid considerably less attention to environmental variables. See Carl W. Condit, The Port of New York, vol. 1, A History of the Rail and Terminal System from the Beginnings to Pennsylvania Station, and vol. 2, A History of the Rail and Terminal System from the Grand Central Electrification to the Present (Chicago, 1980, 1981).
127. Ellis L. Armstrong, Michael C. Robinson, and Suellen M. Hoy, eds., History of Public Works in the United States, 1776-1976 (Chicago, 1976). For a parallel study of Canadian cities that benefited from subsequent scholarship on these topics, see Norman R. Ball, ed., Building Canada: A History of Public Works (Toronto, 1988).
128. Ellis L. Armstrong, Michael C. Robinson, and Suellen M. Hoy, eds., History of Public Works in the United States, 1776-1976 (Chicago, 1976). For a parallel study of Canadian cities that benefited from subsequent scholarship on these topics, see Norman R. Ball, ed., Building Canada: A History of Public Works (Toronto, 1988).
129. See, for example, James C. O'Connell, Chicago's Quest for Pure Water (Chicago, 1976); Edward C. Carter II, Benjamin Henry Latrobe and Public Works: Professionalism, Private Interest, and Public Policy in the Age of Jefferson (Chicago, 1976); Martin V. Melosi, Pragmatic Environmentalist: Sanitary Engineer George E. Waring, Jr. (Chicago, 1977); Larry D. Lankton, The "Practicable" Engineer: John B. Jervis and the Old Croton Aqueduct (Chicago, 1977); Joel A. Tarr, Transportation Innovation and Changing Spatial Patterns in Pittsburgh, 1850-1934 (Chicago, 1978); Todd A. Shallat, Fresno's Water Rivalry: Competition for a Scarce Resource, 1887-1970 (Chicago, 1979); Louis P. Cain, The Search for an Optimum Sanitation Jurisdiction: The Metropolitan Sanitary District of Greater Chicago (Chicago, 1980); Jeffrey K. Stine, Nelson P. Lewis and the City Efficient: The Municipal Engineer in City Planning during the Progressive Era (Chicago, 1981); and Carol Hoffecker, Water and Sewage Works in Wilmington, Delaware, 1810-1910 (Chicago, 1981).
130. See, for example, James C. O'Connell, Chicago's Quest for Pure Water (Chicago, 1976); Edward C. Carter II, Benjamin Henry Latrobe and Public Works: Professionalism, Private Interest, and Public Policy in the Age of Jefferson (Chicago, 1976); Martin V. Melosi, Pragmatic Environmentalist: Sanitary Engineer George E. Waring, Jr. (Chicago, 1977); Larry D. Lankton, The "Practicable" Engineer: John B. Jervis and the Old Croton Aqueduct (Chicago, 1977); Joel A. Tarr, Transportation Innovation and Changing Spatial Patterns in Pittsburgh, 1850-1934 (Chicago, 1978); Todd A. Shallat, Fresno's Water Rivalry: Competition for a Scarce Resource, 1887-1970 (Chicago, 1979); Louis P. Cain, The Search for an Optimum Sanitation Jurisdiction: The Metropolitan Sanitary District of Greater Chicago (Chicago, 1980); Jeffrey K. Stine, Nelson P. Lewis and the City Efficient: The Municipal Engineer in City Planning during the Progressive Era (Chicago, 1981); and Carol Hoffecker, Water and Sewage Works in Wilmington, Delaware, 1810-1910 (Chicago, 1981).
131. See, for example, James C. O'Connell, Chicago's Quest for Pure Water (Chicago, 1976); Edward C. Carter II, Benjamin Henry Latrobe and Public Works: Professionalism, Private Interest, and Public Policy in the Age of Jefferson (Chicago, 1976); Martin V. Melosi, Pragmatic Environmentalist: Sanitary Engineer George E. Waring, Jr. (Chicago, 1977); Larry D. Lankton, The "Practicable" Engineer: John B. Jervis and the Old Croton Aqueduct (Chicago, 1977); Joel A. Tarr, Transportation Innovation and Changing Spatial Patterns in Pittsburgh, 1850-1934 (Chicago, 1978); Todd A. Shallat, Fresno's Water Rivalry: Competition for a Scarce Resource, 1887-1970 (Chicago, 1979); Louis P. Cain, The Search for an Optimum Sanitation Jurisdiction: The Metropolitan Sanitary District of Greater Chicago (Chicago, 1980); Jeffrey K. Stine, Nelson P. Lewis and the City Efficient: The Municipal Engineer in City Planning during the Progressive Era (Chicago, 1981); and Carol Hoffecker, Water and Sewage Works in Wilmington, Delaware, 1810-1910 (Chicago, 1981).
132. See, for example, James C. O'Connell, Chicago's Quest for Pure Water (Chicago, 1976); Edward C. Carter II, Benjamin Henry Latrobe and Public Works: Professionalism, Private Interest, and Public Policy in the Age of Jefferson (Chicago, 1976); Martin V. Melosi, Pragmatic Environmentalist: Sanitary Engineer George E. Waring, Jr. (Chicago, 1977); Larry D. Lankton, The "Practicable" Engineer: John B. Jervis and the Old Croton Aqueduct (Chicago, 1977); Joel A. Tarr, Transportation Innovation and Changing Spatial Patterns in Pittsburgh, 1850-1934 (Chicago, 1978); Todd A. Shallat, Fresno's Water Rivalry: Competition for a Scarce Resource, 1887-1970 (Chicago, 1979); Louis P. Cain, The Search for an Optimum Sanitation Jurisdiction: The Metropolitan Sanitary District of Greater Chicago (Chicago, 1980); Jeffrey K. Stine, Nelson P. Lewis and the City Efficient: The Municipal Engineer in City Planning during the Progressive Era (Chicago, 1981); and Carol Hoffecker, Water and Sewage Works in Wilmington, Delaware, 1810-1910 (Chicago, 1981).
133. See, for example, James C. O'Connell, Chicago's Quest for Pure Water (Chicago, 1976); Edward C. Carter II, Benjamin Henry Latrobe and Public Works: Professionalism, Private Interest, and Public Policy in the Age of Jefferson (Chicago, 1976); Martin V. Melosi, Pragmatic Environmentalist: Sanitary Engineer George E. Waring, Jr. (Chicago, 1977); Larry D. Lankton, The "Practicable" Engineer: John B. Jervis and the Old Croton Aqueduct (Chicago, 1977); Joel A. Tarr, Transportation Innovation and Changing Spatial Patterns in Pittsburgh, 1850-1934 (Chicago, 1978); Todd A. Shallat, Fresno's Water Rivalry: Competition for a Scarce Resource, 1887-1970 (Chicago, 1979); Louis P. Cain, The Search for an Optimum Sanitation Jurisdiction: The Metropolitan Sanitary District of Greater Chicago (Chicago, 1980); Jeffrey K. Stine, Nelson P. Lewis and the City Efficient: The Municipal Engineer in City Planning during the Progressive Era (Chicago, 1981); and Carol Hoffecker, Water and Sewage Works in Wilmington, Delaware, 1810-1910 (Chicago, 1981).
134. See, for example, James C. O'Connell, Chicago's Quest for Pure Water (Chicago, 1976); Edward C. Carter II, Benjamin Henry Latrobe and Public Works: Professionalism, Private Interest, and Public Policy in the Age of Jefferson (Chicago, 1976); Martin V. Melosi, Pragmatic Environmentalist: Sanitary Engineer George E. Waring, Jr. (Chicago, 1977); Larry D. Lankton, The "Practicable" Engineer: John B. Jervis and the Old Croton Aqueduct (Chicago, 1977); Joel A. Tarr, Transportation Innovation and Changing Spatial Patterns in Pittsburgh, 1850-1934 (Chicago, 1978); Todd A. Shallat, Fresno's Water Rivalry: Competition for a Scarce Resource, 1887-1970 (Chicago, 1979); Louis P. Cain, The Search for an Optimum Sanitation Jurisdiction: The Metropolitan Sanitary District of Greater Chicago (Chicago, 1980); Jeffrey K. Stine, Nelson P. Lewis and the City Efficient: The Municipal Engineer in City Planning during the Progressive Era (Chicago, 1981); and Carol Hoffecker, Water and Sewage Works in Wilmington, Delaware, 1810-1910 (Chicago, 1981).
135. See, for example, James C. O'Connell, Chicago's Quest for Pure Water (Chicago, 1976); Edward C. Carter II, Benjamin Henry Latrobe and Public Works: Professionalism, Private Interest, and Public Policy in the Age of Jefferson (Chicago, 1976); Martin V. Melosi, Pragmatic Environmentalist: Sanitary Engineer George E. Waring, Jr. (Chicago, 1977); Larry D. Lankton, The "Practicable" Engineer: John B. Jervis and the Old Croton Aqueduct (Chicago, 1977); Joel A. Tarr, Transportation Innovation and Changing Spatial Patterns in Pittsburgh, 1850-1934 (Chicago, 1978); Todd A. Shallat, Fresno's Water Rivalry: Competition for a Scarce Resource, 1887-1970 (Chicago, 1979); Louis P. Cain, The Search for an Optimum Sanitation Jurisdiction: The Metropolitan Sanitary District of Greater Chicago (Chicago, 1980); Jeffrey K. Stine, Nelson P. Lewis and the City Efficient: The Municipal Engineer in City Planning during the Progressive Era (Chicago, 1981); and Carol Hoffecker, Water and Sewage Works in Wilmington, Delaware, 1810-1910 (Chicago, 1981).
136. See, for example, James C. O'Connell, Chicago's Quest for Pure Water (Chicago, 1976); Edward C. Carter II, Benjamin Henry Latrobe and Public Works: Professionalism, Private Interest, and Public Policy in the Age of Jefferson (Chicago, 1976); Martin V. Melosi, Pragmatic Environmentalist: Sanitary Engineer George E. Waring, Jr. (Chicago, 1977); Larry D. Lankton, The "Practicable" Engineer: John B. Jervis and the Old Croton Aqueduct (Chicago, 1977); Joel A. Tarr, Transportation Innovation and Changing Spatial Patterns in Pittsburgh, 1850-1934 (Chicago, 1978); Todd A. Shallat, Fresno's Water Rivalry: Competition for a Scarce Resource, 1887-1970 (Chicago, 1979); Louis P. Cain, The Search for an Optimum Sanitation Jurisdiction: The Metropolitan Sanitary District of Greater Chicago (Chicago, 1980); Jeffrey K. Stine, Nelson P. Lewis and the City Efficient: The Municipal Engineer in City Planning during the Progressive Era (Chicago, 1981); and Carol Hoffecker, Water and Sewage Works in Wilmington, Delaware, 1810-1910 (Chicago, 1981).
137. See, for example, James C. O'Connell, Chicago's Quest for Pure Water (Chicago, 1976); Edward C. Carter II, Benjamin Henry Latrobe and Public Works: Professionalism, Private Interest, and Public Policy in the Age of Jefferson (Chicago, 1976); Martin V. Melosi, Pragmatic Environmentalist: Sanitary Engineer George E. Waring, Jr. (Chicago, 1977); Larry D. Lankton, The "Practicable" Engineer: John B. Jervis and the Old Croton Aqueduct (Chicago, 1977); Joel A. Tarr, Transportation Innovation and Changing Spatial Patterns in Pittsburgh, 1850-1934 (Chicago, 1978); Todd A. Shallat, Fresno's Water Rivalry: Competition for a Scarce Resource, 1887-1970 (Chicago, 1979); Louis P. Cain, The Search for an Optimum Sanitation Jurisdiction: The Metropolitan Sanitary District of Greater Chicago (Chicago, 1980); Jeffrey K. Stine, Nelson P. Lewis and the City Efficient: The Municipal Engineer in City Planning during the Progressive Era (Chicago, 1981); and Carol Hoffecker, Water and Sewage Works in Wilmington, Delaware, 1810-1910 (Chicago, 1981).
138. Joel A. Tarr et al., A Retrospective Assessment of Wastewater Technology in the United States, 1800-1972: A Report to the National Science Foundation (Pittsburgh, 1978). This document was later summarized in Tarr et al., "Water and Wastes" (n. 16 above). See also Joel A. Tarr, ed., Retrospective Technology Assessment, 1976 (San Francisco, 1977).
139. Joel A. Tarr et al., A Retrospective Assessment of Wastewater Technology in the United States, 1800-1972: A Report to the National Science Foundation (Pittsburgh, 1978). This document was later summarized in Tarr et al., "Water and Wastes" (n. 16 above). See also Joel A. Tarr, ed., Retrospective Technology Assessment, 1976 (San Francisco, 1977).
140. Joel A. Tarr et al., A Retrospective Assessment of Wastewater Technology in the United States, 1800-1972: A Report to the National Science Foundation (Pittsburgh, 1978). This document was later summarized in Tarr et al., "Water and Wastes" (n. 16 above). See also Joel A. Tarr, ed., Retrospective Technology Assessment, 1976 (San Francisco, 1977).
141. Martin V. Melosi, ed., Pollution and Reform in American Cities, 1870-1930 (Austin, Tex., 1980); and Martin V. Melosi, Garbage in the Cities: Refuse, Reform, and the Environment (College Station, Tex., 1981). For his other major work bearing upon the intersection of technology and the environment, see Martin V. Melosi, Coping with Abundance: Energy and Environment in Industrial America (Philadelphia, 1985). An expanded treatment of urban noise pollution can be found in Raymond W. Smilor, "Confronting the Industrial Environment: The Noise Problem in America, 1893-1932" (Ph.D. diss., University of Texas, 1978).
142. Martin V. Melosi, ed., Pollution and Reform in American Cities, 1870-1930 (Austin, Tex., 1980); and Martin V. Melosi, Garbage in the Cities: Refuse, Reform, and the Environment (College Station, Tex., 1981). For his other major work bearing upon the intersection of technology and the environment, see Martin V. Melosi, Coping with Abundance: Energy and Environment in Industrial America (Philadelphia, 1985). An expanded treatment of urban noise pollution can be found in Raymond W. Smilor, "Confronting the Industrial Environment: The Noise Problem in America, 1893-1932" (Ph.D. diss., University of Texas, 1978).
143. Martin V. Melosi, ed., Pollution and Reform in American Cities, 1870-1930 (Austin, Tex., 1980); and Martin V. Melosi, Garbage in the Cities: Refuse, Reform, and the Environment (College Station, Tex., 1981). For his other major work bearing upon the intersection of technology and the environment, see Martin V. Melosi, Coping with Abundance: Energy and Environment in Industrial America (Philadelphia, 1985). An expanded treatment of urban noise pollution can be found in Raymond W. Smilor, "Confronting the Industrial Environment: The Noise Problem in America, 1893-1932" (Ph.D. diss., University of Texas, 1978).
144. Martin V. Melosi, ed., Pollution and Reform in American Cities, 1870-1930 (Austin, Tex., 1980); and Martin V. Melosi, Garbage in the Cities: Refuse, Reform, and the Environment (College Station, Tex., 1981). For his other major work bearing upon the intersection of technology and the environment, see Martin V. Melosi, Coping with Abundance: Energy and Environment in Industrial America (Philadelphia, 1985). An expanded treatment of urban noise pollution can be found in Raymond W. Smilor, "Confronting the Industrial Environment: The Noise Problem in America, 1893-1932" (Ph.D. diss., University of Texas, 1978).
145. Louis Cain, Sanitation Strategy for a Lakefront Metropolis: The Case of Chicago (DeKalb, Ill., 1978); Eugene Moehring, Public Works and the Patterns of Urban Real Estate Growth in Manhattan, 1835-1894 (New York, 1981); Harold L. Platt, City Building in the New South: The Growth of Public Services in Houston, Texas, 1830-1910 (Philadelphia, 1983); Christine Meisner Rosen, The Limits of Power: Great Fires and the Process of City Growth in America (New York, 1986); Ann Durkin Keating, Building Chicago: Suburban Developers and the Creation of a Divided Metropolis (Chicago, 1988); and Stanley K. Schultz, Constructing Urban Culture: American Cities and City Planning, 1899-1920 (New York, 1989). Also useful are Warner (n. 2 above); Charles H. Weidner, Water for a City: A History of New York City's Problem from the Beginning to the Delaware River System (New Brunswick, N.J., 1974); Fern L. Nesson, Great Waters: A History of Boston's Water Supply (Hanover, N.H., 1983); and Gail Cooper, Air-conditioning America: Engineers and the Controlled Environment, 1900-1960 (Baltimore, 1998).
146. Louis Cain, Sanitation Strategy for a Lakefront Metropolis: The Case of Chicago (DeKalb, Ill., 1978); Eugene Moehring, Public Works and the Patterns of Urban Real Estate Growth in Manhattan, 1835-1894 (New York, 1981); Harold L. Platt, City Building in the New South: The Growth of Public Services in Houston, Texas, 1830-1910 (Philadelphia, 1983); Christine Meisner Rosen, The Limits of Power: Great Fires and the Process of City Growth in America (New York, 1986); Ann Durkin Keating, Building Chicago: Suburban Developers and the Creation of a Divided Metropolis (Chicago, 1988); and Stanley K. Schultz, Constructing Urban Culture: American Cities and City Planning, 1899-1920 (New York, 1989). Also useful are Warner (n. 2 above); Charles H. Weidner, Water for a City: A History of New York City's Problem from the Beginning to the Delaware River System (New Brunswick, N.J., 1974); Fern L. Nesson, Great Waters: A History of Boston's Water Supply (Hanover, N.H., 1983); and Gail Cooper, Air-conditioning America: Engineers and the Controlled Environment, 1900-1960 (Baltimore, 1998).
147. Louis Cain, Sanitation Strategy for a Lakefront Metropolis: The Case of Chicago (DeKalb, Ill., 1978); Eugene Moehring, Public Works and the Patterns of Urban Real Estate Growth in Manhattan, 1835-1894 (New York, 1981); Harold L. Platt, City Building in the New South: The Growth of Public Services in Houston, Texas, 1830-1910 (Philadelphia, 1983); Christine Meisner Rosen, The Limits of Power: Great Fires and the Process of City Growth in America (New York, 1986); Ann Durkin Keating, Building Chicago: Suburban Developers and the Creation of a Divided Metropolis (Chicago, 1988); and Stanley K. Schultz, Constructing Urban Culture: American Cities and City Planning, 1899-1920 (New York, 1989). Also useful are Warner (n. 2 above); Charles H. Weidner, Water for a City: A History of New York City's Problem from the Beginning to the Delaware River System (New Brunswick, N.J., 1974); Fern L. Nesson, Great Waters: A History of Boston's Water Supply (Hanover, N.H., 1983); and Gail Cooper, Air-conditioning America: Engineers and the Controlled Environment, 1900-1960 (Baltimore, 1998).
148. Louis Cain, Sanitation Strategy for a Lakefront Metropolis: The Case of Chicago (DeKalb, Ill., 1978); Eugene Moehring, Public Works and the Patterns of Urban Real Estate Growth in Manhattan, 1835-1894 (New York, 1981); Harold L. Platt, City Building in the New South: The Growth of Public Services in Houston, Texas, 1830-1910 (Philadelphia, 1983); Christine Meisner Rosen, The Limits of Power: Great Fires and the Process of City Growth in America (New York, 1986); Ann Durkin Keating, Building Chicago: Suburban Developers and the Creation of a Divided Metropolis (Chicago, 1988); and Stanley K. Schultz, Constructing Urban Culture: American Cities and City Planning, 1899-1920 (New York, 1989). Also useful are Warner (n. 2 above); Charles H. Weidner, Water for a City: A History of New York City's Problem from the Beginning to the Delaware River System (New Brunswick, N.J., 1974); Fern L. Nesson, Great Waters: A History of Boston's Water Supply (Hanover, N.H., 1983); and Gail Cooper, Air-conditioning America: Engineers and the Controlled Environment, 1900-1960 (Baltimore, 1998).
149. Louis Cain, Sanitation Strategy for a Lakefront Metropolis: The Case of Chicago (DeKalb, Ill., 1978); Eugene Moehring, Public Works and the Patterns of Urban Real Estate Growth in Manhattan, 1835-1894 (New York, 1981); Harold L. Platt, City Building in the New South: The Growth of Public Services in Houston, Texas, 1830-1910 (Philadelphia, 1983); Christine Meisner Rosen, The Limits of Power: Great Fires and the Process of City Growth in America (New York, 1986); Ann Durkin Keating, Building Chicago: Suburban Developers and the Creation of a Divided Metropolis (Chicago, 1988); and Stanley K. Schultz, Constructing Urban Culture: American Cities and City Planning, 1899-1920 (New York, 1989). Also useful are Warner (n. 2 above); Charles H. Weidner, Water for a City: A History of New York City's Problem from the Beginning to the Delaware River System (New Brunswick, N.J., 1974); Fern L. Nesson, Great Waters: A History of Boston's Water Supply (Hanover, N.H., 1983); and Gail Cooper, Air-conditioning America: Engineers and the Controlled Environment, 1900-1960 (Baltimore, 1998).
150. Louis Cain, Sanitation Strategy for a Lakefront Metropolis: The Case of Chicago (DeKalb, Ill., 1978); Eugene Moehring, Public Works and the Patterns of Urban Real Estate Growth in Manhattan, 1835-1894 (New York, 1981); Harold L. Platt, City Building in the New South: The Growth of Public Services in Houston, Texas, 1830-1910 (Philadelphia, 1983); Christine Meisner Rosen, The Limits of Power: Great Fires and the Process of City Growth in America (New York, 1986); Ann Durkin Keating, Building Chicago: Suburban Developers and the Creation of a Divided Metropolis (Chicago, 1988); and Stanley K. Schultz, Constructing Urban Culture: American Cities and City Planning, 1899-1920 (New York, 1989). Also useful are Warner (n. 2 above); Charles H. Weidner, Water for a City: A History of New York City's Problem from the Beginning to the Delaware River System (New Brunswick, N.J., 1974); Fern L. Nesson, Great Waters: A History of Boston's Water Supply (Hanover, N.H., 1983); and Gail Cooper, Air-conditioning America: Engineers and the Controlled Environment, 1900-1960 (Baltimore, 1998).
151. Louis Cain, Sanitation Strategy for a Lakefront Metropolis: The Case of Chicago (DeKalb, Ill., 1978); Eugene Moehring, Public Works and the Patterns of Urban Real Estate Growth in Manhattan, 1835-1894 (New York, 1981); Harold L. Platt, City Building in the New South: The Growth of Public Services in Houston, Texas, 1830-1910 (Philadelphia, 1983); Christine Meisner Rosen, The Limits of Power: Great Fires and the Process of City Growth in America (New York, 1986); Ann Durkin Keating, Building Chicago: Suburban Developers and the Creation of a Divided Metropolis (Chicago, 1988); and Stanley K. Schultz, Constructing Urban Culture: American Cities and City Planning, 1899-1920 (New York, 1989). Also useful are Warner (n. 2 above); Charles H. Weidner, Water for a City: A History of New York City's Problem from the Beginning to the Delaware River System (New Brunswick, N.J., 1974); Fern L. Nesson, Great Waters: A History of Boston's Water Supply (Hanover, N.H., 1983); and Gail Cooper, Air-conditioning America: Engineers and the Controlled Environment, 1900-1960 (Baltimore, 1998).
152. Louis Cain, Sanitation Strategy for a Lakefront Metropolis: The Case of Chicago (DeKalb, Ill., 1978); Eugene Moehring, Public Works and the Patterns of Urban Real Estate Growth in Manhattan, 1835-1894 (New York, 1981); Harold L. Platt, City Building in the New South: The Growth of Public Services in Houston, Texas, 1830-1910 (Philadelphia, 1983); Christine Meisner Rosen, The Limits of Power: Great Fires and the Process of City Growth in America (New York, 1986); Ann Durkin Keating, Building Chicago: Suburban Developers and the Creation of a Divided Metropolis (Chicago, 1988); and Stanley K. Schultz, Constructing Urban Culture: American Cities and City Planning, 1899-1920 (New York, 1989). Also useful are Warner (n. 2 above); Charles H. Weidner, Water for a City: A History of New York City's Problem from the Beginning to the Delaware River System (New Brunswick, N.J., 1974); Fern L. Nesson, Great Waters: A History of Boston's Water Supply (Hanover, N.H., 1983); and Gail Cooper, Air-conditioning America: Engineers and the Controlled Environment, 1900-1960 (Baltimore, 1998).
153. Louis Cain, Sanitation Strategy for a Lakefront Metropolis: The Case of Chicago (DeKalb, Ill., 1978); Eugene Moehring, Public Works and the Patterns of Urban Real Estate Growth in Manhattan, 1835-1894 (New York, 1981); Harold L. Platt, City Building in the New South: The Growth of Public Services in Houston, Texas, 1830-1910 (Philadelphia, 1983); Christine Meisner Rosen, The Limits of Power: Great Fires and the Process of City Growth in America (New York, 1986); Ann Durkin Keating, Building Chicago: Suburban Developers and the Creation of a Divided Metropolis (Chicago, 1988); and Stanley K. Schultz, Constructing Urban Culture: American Cities and City Planning, 1899-1920 (New York, 1989). Also useful are Warner (n. 2 above); Charles H. Weidner, Water for a City: A History of New York City's Problem from the Beginning to the Delaware River System (New Brunswick, N.J., 1974); Fern L. Nesson, Great Waters: A History of Boston's Water Supply (Hanover, N.H., 1983); and Gail Cooper, Air-conditioning America: Engineers and the Controlled Environment, 1900-1960 (Baltimore, 1998).
154. Louis Cain, Sanitation Strategy for a Lakefront Metropolis: The Case of Chicago (DeKalb, Ill., 1978); Eugene Moehring, Public Works and the Patterns of Urban Real Estate Growth in Manhattan, 1835-1894 (New York, 1981); Harold L. Platt, City Building in the New South: The Growth of Public Services in Houston, Texas, 1830-1910 (Philadelphia, 1983); Christine Meisner Rosen, The Limits of Power: Great Fires and the Process of City Growth in America (New York, 1986); Ann Durkin Keating, Building Chicago: Suburban Developers and the Creation of a Divided Metropolis (Chicago, 1988); and Stanley K. Schultz, Constructing Urban Culture: American Cities and City Planning, 1899-1920 (New York, 1989). Also useful are Warner (n. 2 above); Charles H. Weidner, Water for a City: A History of New York City's Problem from the Beginning to the Delaware River System (New Brunswick, N.J., 1974); Fern L. Nesson, Great Waters: A History of Boston's Water Supply (Hanover, N.H., 1983); and Gail Cooper, Air-conditioning America: Engineers and the Controlled Environment, 1900-1960 (Baltimore, 1998).
155. See, for example, Oscar H. Allison, "Raymond R. Tucker: The Smoke Elimination Years, 1934-1950" (Ph.D. diss., St. Louis University, 1978); and R. Dale Grinder, "The Battle for Clean Air: The Smoke Problem in Post-Civil War America," in Melosi, Pollution and Reform in American Cities. For a discussion of the smoke pollution inflicted upon Pennsylvania towns by charcoal making and the iron industry, see Arthur Cecil Bining, Pennsylvania Iron Manufacture in the Eighteenth Century (Harrisburg, Pa., 1973), 59-64. For the smoke nuisance produced by the heaters and blowers used to protect southern California's citrus crops from frost damage, see Alan M. Paterson, "Oranges, Soot, and Science: The Development of Frost Protection in California," Technology and Culture 16 (July 1975): 360-76.
156. See, for example, Oscar H. Allison, "Raymond R. Tucker: The Smoke Elimination Years, 1934-1950" (Ph.D. diss., St. Louis University, 1978); and R. Dale Grinder, "The Battle for Clean Air: The Smoke Problem in Post-Civil War America," in Melosi, Pollution and Reform in American Cities. For a discussion of the smoke pollution inflicted upon Pennsylvania towns by charcoal making and the iron industry, see Arthur Cecil Bining, Pennsylvania Iron Manufacture in the Eighteenth Century (Harrisburg, Pa., 1973), 59-64. For the smoke nuisance produced by the heaters and blowers used to protect southern California's citrus crops from frost damage, see Alan M. Paterson, "Oranges, Soot, and Science: The Development of Frost Protection in California," Technology and Culture 16 (July 1975): 360-76.
157. See, for example, Oscar H. Allison, "Raymond R. Tucker: The Smoke Elimination Years, 1934-1950" (Ph.D. diss., St. Louis University, 1978); and R. Dale Grinder, "The Battle for Clean Air: The Smoke Problem in Post-Civil War America," in Melosi, Pollution and Reform in American Cities. For a discussion of the smoke pollution inflicted upon Pennsylvania towns by charcoal making and the iron industry, see Arthur Cecil Bining, Pennsylvania Iron Manufacture in the Eighteenth Century (Harrisburg, Pa., 1973), 59-64. For the smoke nuisance produced by the heaters and blowers used to protect southern California's citrus crops from frost damage, see Alan M. Paterson, "Oranges, Soot, and Science: The Development of Frost Protection in California," Technology and Culture 16 (July 1975): 360-76.
158. See, for example, Oscar H. Allison, "Raymond R. Tucker: The Smoke Elimination Years, 1934-1950" (Ph.D. diss., St. Louis University, 1978); and R. Dale Grinder, "The Battle for Clean Air: The Smoke Problem in Post-Civil War America," in Melosi, Pollution and Reform in American Cities. For a discussion of the smoke pollution inflicted upon Pennsylvania towns by charcoal making and the iron industry, see Arthur Cecil Bining, Pennsylvania Iron Manufacture in the Eighteenth Century (Harrisburg, Pa., 1973), 59-64. For the smoke nuisance produced by the heaters and blowers used to protect southern California's citrus crops from frost damage, see Alan M. Paterson, "Oranges, Soot, and Science: The Development of Frost Protection in California," Technology and Culture 16 (July 1975): 360-76.
159. Te Brake (n. 16 above); and Flick (n. 16 above). For subsequent studies of smoke control in Great Britain, see Eric Ashby and Mary Anderson, The Politics of Clean Air (Oxford, 1981); Peter Brimblecomb, The Big Smoke: A History of Air Pollution in London since Medieval Times (London, 1987); and Newell (n. 1 above).
160. Te Brake (n. 16 above); and Flick (n. 16 above). For subsequent studies of smoke control in Great Britain, see Eric Ashby and Mary Anderson, The Politics of Clean Air (Oxford, 1981); Peter Brimblecomb, The Big Smoke: A History of Air Pollution in London since Medieval Times (London, 1987); and Newell (n. 1 above).
161. Te Brake (n. 16 above); and Flick (n. 16 above). For subsequent studies of smoke control in Great Britain, see Eric Ashby and Mary Anderson, The Politics of Clean Air (Oxford, 1981); Peter Brimblecomb, The Big Smoke: A History of Air Pollution in London since Medieval Times (London, 1987); and Newell (n. 1 above).
162. Te Brake (n. 16 above); and Flick (n. 16 above). For subsequent studies of smoke control in Great Britain, see Eric Ashby and Mary Anderson, The Politics of Clean Air (Oxford, 1981); Peter Brimblecomb, The Big Smoke: A History of Air Pollution in London since Medieval Times (London, 1987); and Newell (n. 1 above).
163. Te Brake (n. 16 above); and Flick (n. 16 above). For subsequent studies of smoke control in Great Britain, see Eric Ashby and Mary Anderson, The Politics of Clean Air (Oxford, 1981); Peter Brimblecomb, The Big Smoke: A History of Air Pollution in London since Medieval Times (London, 1987); and Newell (n. 1 above).
164. See Joel A. Tarr and Bill Lamperes, "Changing Fuel Use Behavior and Energy Transitions: The Pittsburgh Smoke Control Movement, 1940-1950, A Case Study in Historical Analogy," Journal of Social History 14 (1981): 561-88; and Joel A. Tarr and Kenneth Koons, "Railroad Smoke Control: A Case Study in the Regulation of a Mobile Pollution Source," in Energy and Transport: Historical Perspectives in Policy Issues, ed. George H. Daniels and Mark H. Rose (Beverly Hills, Calif., 1982), 71-92. Also useful are Joel A. Tarr and Carl Zimring, "The Struggle for Smoke Control in St. Louis: Achievement and Emulation," in Common Fields: An Environmental History of St. Louis, ed. Andrew Hurley (Saint Louis, 1997), 199-220; and David Stradling, "Civilized Air: Coal, Smoke, and Environmentalism in America, 1880-1920" (Ph.D. diss., University of Wisconsin, Madison, 1996).
165. See Joel A. Tarr and Bill Lamperes, "Changing Fuel Use Behavior and Energy Transitions: The Pittsburgh Smoke Control Movement, 1940-1950, A Case Study in Historical Analogy," Journal of Social History 14 (1981): 561-88; and Joel A. Tarr and Kenneth Koons, "Railroad Smoke Control: A Case Study in the Regulation of a Mobile Pollution Source," in Energy and Transport: Historical Perspectives in Policy Issues, ed. George H. Daniels and Mark H. Rose (Beverly Hills, Calif., 1982), 71-92. Also useful are Joel A. Tarr and Carl Zimring, "The Struggle for Smoke Control in St. Louis: Achievement and Emulation," in Common Fields: An Environmental History of St. Louis, ed. Andrew Hurley (Saint Louis, 1997), 199-220; and David Stradling, "Civilized Air: Coal, Smoke, and Environmentalism in America, 1880-1920" (Ph.D. diss., University of Wisconsin, Madison, 1996).
166. See Joel A. Tarr and Bill Lamperes, "Changing Fuel Use Behavior and Energy Transitions: The Pittsburgh Smoke Control Movement, 1940-1950, A Case Study in Historical Analogy," Journal of Social History 14 (1981): 561-88; and Joel A. Tarr and Kenneth Koons, "Railroad Smoke Control: A Case Study in the Regulation of a Mobile Pollution Source," in Energy and Transport: Historical Perspectives in Policy Issues, ed. George H. Daniels and Mark H. Rose (Beverly Hills, Calif., 1982), 71-92. Also useful are Joel A. Tarr and Carl Zimring, "The Struggle for Smoke Control in St. Louis: Achievement and Emulation," in Common Fields: An Environmental History of St. Louis, ed. Andrew Hurley (Saint Louis, 1997), 199-220; and David Stradling, "Civilized Air: Coal, Smoke, and Environmentalism in America, 1880-1920" (Ph.D. diss., University of Wisconsin, Madison, 1996).
167. See Joel A. Tarr and Bill Lamperes, "Changing Fuel Use Behavior and Energy Transitions: The Pittsburgh Smoke Control Movement, 1940-1950, A Case Study in Historical Analogy," Journal of Social History 14 (1981): 561-88; and Joel A. Tarr and Kenneth Koons, "Railroad Smoke Control: A Case Study in the Regulation of a Mobile Pollution Source," in Energy and Transport: Historical Perspectives in Policy Issues, ed. George H. Daniels and Mark H. Rose (Beverly Hills, Calif., 1982), 71-92. Also useful are Joel A. Tarr and Carl Zimring, "The Struggle for Smoke Control in St. Louis: Achievement and Emulation," in Common Fields: An Environmental History of St. Louis, ed. Andrew Hurley (Saint Louis, 1997), 199-220; and David Stradling, "Civilized Air: Coal, Smoke, and Environmentalism in America, 1880-1920" (Ph.D. diss., University of Wisconsin, Madison, 1996).
168. Scott Hamilton Dewey, "'Don't Breathe the Air': Air Pollution and the Evolution of Environmental Policy and Politics in the U.S., 1945-1979" (Ph.D. diss., Rice University, 1997).
169. James E. Krier and Edmund Ursin, Pollution and Policy: A Case Essay on California and Federal Experience with Motor Vehicle Air Pollution, 1940-1975 (Berkeley, 1977). See also Frank P. Grad et al., The Automobile and the Regulation of Its Impact on the Environment (Norman, Okla., 1975); Marvin Brienes, "The Fight against Smog in Los Angeles, 1943-1957" (Ph.D. diss., University of California, Davis, 1975); and Ralph Gakenheimer, ed., The Automobile and the Environment: An International Perspective (Cambridge, Mass., 1978).
170. James E. Krier and Edmund Ursin, Pollution and Policy: A Case Essay on California and Federal Experience with Motor Vehicle Air Pollution, 1940-1975 (Berkeley, 1977). See also Frank P. Grad et al., The Automobile and the Regulation of Its Impact on the Environment (Norman, Okla., 1975); Marvin Brienes, "The Fight against Smog in Los Angeles, 1943-1957" (Ph.D. diss., University of California, Davis, 1975); and Ralph Gakenheimer, ed., The Automobile and the Environment: An International Perspective (Cambridge, Mass., 1978).
171. James E. Krier and Edmund Ursin, Pollution and Policy: A Case Essay on California and Federal Experience with Motor Vehicle Air Pollution, 1940-1975 (Berkeley, 1977). See also Frank P. Grad et al., The Automobile and the Regulation of Its Impact on the Environment (Norman, Okla., 1975); Marvin Brienes, "The Fight against Smog in Los Angeles, 1943-1957" (Ph.D. diss., University of California, Davis, 1975); and Ralph Gakenheimer, ed., The Automobile and the Environment: An International Perspective (Cambridge, Mass., 1978).
172. James E. Krier and Edmund Ursin, Pollution and Policy: A Case Essay on California and Federal Experience with Motor Vehicle Air Pollution, 1940-1975 (Berkeley, 1977). See also Frank P. Grad et al., The Automobile and the Regulation of Its Impact on the Environment (Norman, Okla., 1975); Marvin Brienes, "The Fight against Smog in Los Angeles, 1943-1957" (Ph.D. diss., University of California, Davis, 1975); and Ralph Gakenheimer, ed., The Automobile and the Environment: An International Perspective (Cambridge, Mass., 1978).
173. James J. Flink, The Automobile Age (Cambridge, Mass., 1988), 386-88. See also Mark S. Foster, From Streetcar to Superhighway: American City Planners and Urban Transportation, 1900-1940 (Philadelphia, 1981); Scott L. Bottles, Los Angeles and the Automobile: The Making of the Modern City (Berkeley, 1987); Bruce E. Seely, Building the American Highway System: Engineers as Policy Makers (Philadelphia, 1987); and Clay McShane, Down the Asphalt Path: The Automobile and the American City (New York, 1994). Several authors have examined the issue of lead additives to gasoline and their health effects on workers. This research has been summarized in Mark Aldrich, Safety First: Technology, Labor, and Business in the Building of American Work Safety, 1870-1939 (Baltimore, 1997).
174. James J. Flink, The Automobile Age (Cambridge, Mass., 1988), 386-88. See also Mark S. Foster, From Streetcar to Superhighway: American City Planners and Urban Transportation, 1900-1940 (Philadelphia, 1981); Scott L. Bottles, Los Angeles and the Automobile: The Making of the Modern City (Berkeley, 1987); Bruce E. Seely, Building the American Highway System: Engineers as Policy Makers (Philadelphia, 1987); and Clay McShane, Down the Asphalt Path: The Automobile and the American City (New York, 1994). Several authors have examined the issue of lead additives to gasoline and their health effects on workers. This research has been summarized in Mark Aldrich, Safety First: Technology, Labor, and Business in the Building of American Work Safety, 1870-1939 (Baltimore, 1997).
175. James J. Flink, The Automobile Age (Cambridge, Mass., 1988), 386-88. See also Mark S. Foster, From Streetcar to Superhighway: American City Planners and Urban Transportation, 1900-1940 (Philadelphia, 1981); Scott L. Bottles, Los Angeles and the Automobile: The Making of the Modern City (Berkeley, 1987); Bruce E. Seely, Building the American Highway System: Engineers as Policy Makers (Philadelphia, 1987); and Clay McShane, Down the Asphalt Path: The Automobile and the American City (New York, 1994). Several authors have examined the issue of lead additives to gasoline and their health effects on workers. This research has been summarized in Mark Aldrich, Safety First: Technology, Labor, and Business in the Building of American Work Safety, 1870-1939 (Baltimore, 1997).
176. James J. Flink, The Automobile Age (Cambridge, Mass., 1988), 386-88. See also Mark S. Foster, From Streetcar to Superhighway: American City Planners and Urban Transportation, 1900-1940 (Philadelphia, 1981); Scott L. Bottles, Los Angeles and the Automobile: The Making of the Modern City (Berkeley, 1987); Bruce E. Seely, Building the American Highway System: Engineers as Policy Makers (Philadelphia, 1987); and Clay McShane, Down the Asphalt Path: The Automobile and the American City (New York, 1994). Several authors have examined the issue of lead additives to gasoline and their health effects on workers. This research has been summarized in Mark Aldrich, Safety First: Technology, Labor, and Business in the Building of American Work Safety, 1870-1939 (Baltimore, 1997).
177. James J. Flink, The Automobile Age (Cambridge, Mass., 1988), 386-88. See also Mark S. Foster, From Streetcar to Superhighway: American City Planners and Urban Transportation, 1900-1940 (Philadelphia, 1981); Scott L. Bottles, Los Angeles and the Automobile: The Making of the Modern City (Berkeley, 1987); Bruce E. Seely, Building the American Highway System: Engineers as Policy Makers (Philadelphia, 1987); and Clay McShane, Down the Asphalt Path: The Automobile and the American City (New York, 1994). Several authors have examined the issue of lead additives to gasoline and their health effects on workers. This research has been summarized in Mark Aldrich, Safety First: Technology, Labor, and Business in the Building of American Work Safety, 1870-1939 (Baltimore, 1997).
178. James J. Flink, The Automobile Age (Cambridge, Mass., 1988), 386-88. See also Mark S. Foster, From Streetcar to Superhighway: American City Planners and Urban Transportation, 1900-1940 (Philadelphia, 1981); Scott L. Bottles, Los Angeles and the Automobile: The Making of the Modern City (Berkeley, 1987); Bruce E. Seely, Building the American Highway System: Engineers as Policy Makers (Philadelphia, 1987); and Clay McShane, Down the Asphalt Path: The Automobile and the American City (New York, 1994). Several authors have examined the issue of lead additives to gasoline and their health effects on workers. This research has been summarized in Mark Aldrich, Safety First: Technology, Labor, and Business in the Building of American Work Safety, 1870-1939 (Baltimore, 1997).
179. William Cronon, Nature's Metropolis: Chicago and the Great West (New York, 1991).
180. For an early expression of interest in the historical connections between technology and public health, see S. Colum Gilfillan's letter to the editor, "The Inventive Lag in Classical Mediterranean Society," Technology and Culture 3 (1962): 85-87, which discusses the impact of lead poisoning on the Roman aristocracy.
181. Merril Eisenbud, Environment, Technology, and Health: Human Ecology in Historical Perspective (New York, 1978), 3, 8-12.
182. Barbara Gutmann Rosenkrantz, Public Health and the State: Changing Views in Massachusetts, 1842-1936 (Cambridge, Mass., 1972); John Duffy, A History of
183. Barbara Gutmann Rosenkrantz, Public Health and the State: Changing Views in Massachusetts, 1842-1936 (Cambridge, Mass., 1972); John Duffy, A History of Public Health in New York City, 1625-1866 (New York, 1968), and A History of Public Health in New York City, 1866-1966 (New York, 1974); Judith Walzer Leavitt, The Healthiest City: Milwaukee and the Politics of Health Reform (Princeton, N.J., 1982); and Stuart Galishoof, Newark: The Nation's Unhealthiest City, 1832-1895 (New Brunswick, N.J., 1988).
184. Barbara Gutmann Rosenkrantz, Public Health and the State: Changing Views in Massachusetts, 1842-1936 (Cambridge, Mass., 1972); John Duffy, A History of Public Health in New York City, 1625-1866 (New York, 1968), and A History of Public Health in New York City, 1866-1966 (New York, 1974); Judith Walzer Leavitt, The Healthiest City: Milwaukee and the Politics of Health Reform (Princeton, N.J., 1982); and Stuart Galishoof, Newark: The Nation's Unhealthiest City, 1832-1895 (New Brunswick, N.J., 1988).
185. Barbara Gutmann Rosenkrantz, Public Health and the State: Changing Views in Massachusetts, 1842-1936 (Cambridge, Mass., 1972); John Duffy, A History of Public Health in New York City, 1625-1866 (New York, 1968), and A History of Public Health in New York City, 1866-1966 (New York, 1974); Judith Walzer Leavitt, The Healthiest City: Milwaukee and the Politics of Health Reform (Princeton, N.J., 1982); and Stuart Galishoof, Newark: The Nation's Unhealthiest City, 1832-1895 (New Brunswick, N.J., 1988).
186. Barbara Gutmann Rosenkrantz, Public Health and the State: Changing Views in Massachusetts, 1842-1936 (Cambridge, Mass., 1972); John Duffy, A History of Public Health in New York City, 1625-1866 (New York, 1968), and A History of Public Health in New York City, 1866-1966 (New York, 1974); Judith Walzer Leavitt, The Healthiest City: Milwaukee and the Politics of Health Reform (Princeton, N.J., 1982); and Stuart Galishoof, Newark: The Nation's Unhealthiest City, 1832-1895 (New Brunswick, N.J., 1988).
187. Suellen Hoy, Chasing Dirt: The American Pursuit of Cleanliness (New York, 1995); Maureen Ogle, All the Modern Conveniences: American Household Plumbing, 1840-1890 (Baltimore, 1996); and Ruth Schwartz Cowan, More Work for Mother: The Ironies of Household Technology from the Open Hearth to the Microwave (New York, 1983). See also Susan Strasser, Never Done: A History of American Housework (New York, 1982); S. J. Kleinberg, The Shadow of the Mills: Working-Class Families in Pittsburgh, 1870-1907 (Pittsburgh, 1989); Richard L. Bushman, The Refinement of America: Persons, Houses, Cities (New York, 1992); Carolyn M. Goldstein, "Mediating Consumption: Home Economics and American Consumers, 1900-1940" (Ph.D. diss., University of Delaware, 1994); and Arwen Palmer Mohun, Power Laundries: Gender, Technology, and Work in Great Britain and the United States, 1880-1940 (forthcoming).
188. Suellen Hoy, Chasing Dirt: The American Pursuit of Cleanliness (New York, 1995); Maureen Ogle, All the Modern Conveniences: American Household Plumbing, 1840-1890 (Baltimore, 1996); and Ruth Schwartz Cowan, More Work for Mother: The Ironies of Household Technology from the Open Hearth to the Microwave (New York, 1983). See also Susan Strasser, Never Done: A History of American Housework (New York, 1982); S. J. Kleinberg, The Shadow of the Mills: Working-Class Families in Pittsburgh, 1870-1907 (Pittsburgh, 1989); Richard L. Bushman, The Refinement of America: Persons, Houses, Cities (New York, 1992); Carolyn M. Goldstein, "Mediating Consumption: Home Economics and American Consumers, 1900-1940" (Ph.D. diss., University of Delaware, 1994); and Arwen Palmer Mohun, Power Laundries: Gender, Technology, and Work in Great Britain and the United States, 1880-1940 (forthcoming).
189. Suellen Hoy, Chasing Dirt: The American Pursuit of Cleanliness (New York, 1995); Maureen Ogle, All the Modern Conveniences: American Household Plumbing, 1840-1890 (Baltimore, 1996); and Ruth Schwartz Cowan, More Work for Mother: The Ironies of Household Technology from the Open Hearth to the Microwave (New York, 1983). See also Susan Strasser, Never Done: A History of American Housework (New York, 1982); S. J. Kleinberg, The Shadow of the Mills: Working-Class Families in Pittsburgh, 1870-1907 (Pittsburgh, 1989); Richard L. Bushman, The Refinement of America: Persons, Houses, Cities (New York, 1992); Carolyn M. Goldstein, "Mediating Consumption: Home Economics and American Consumers, 1900-1940" (Ph.D. diss., University of Delaware, 1994); and Arwen Palmer Mohun, Power Laundries: Gender, Technology, and Work in Great Britain and the United States, 1880-1940 (forthcoming).
190. Suellen Hoy, Chasing Dirt: The American Pursuit of Cleanliness (New York, 1995); Maureen Ogle, All the Modern Conveniences: American Household Plumbing, 1840-1890 (Baltimore, 1996); and Ruth Schwartz Cowan, More Work for Mother: The Ironies of Household Technology from the Open Hearth to the Microwave (New York, 1983). See also Susan Strasser, Never Done: A History of American Housework (New York, 1982); S. J. Kleinberg, The Shadow of the Mills: Working-Class Families in Pittsburgh, 1870-1907 (Pittsburgh, 1989); Richard L. Bushman, The Refinement of America: Persons, Houses, Cities (New York, 1992); Carolyn M. Goldstein, "Mediating Consumption: Home Economics and American Consumers, 1900-1940" (Ph.D. diss., University of Delaware, 1994); and Arwen Palmer Mohun, Power Laundries: Gender, Technology, and Work in Great Britain and the United States, 1880-1940 (forthcoming).
191. Suellen Hoy, Chasing Dirt: The American Pursuit of Cleanliness (New York, 1995); Maureen Ogle, All the Modern Conveniences: American Household Plumbing, 1840-1890 (Baltimore, 1996); and Ruth Schwartz Cowan, More Work for Mother: The Ironies of Household Technology from the Open Hearth to the Microwave (New York, 1983). See also Susan Strasser, Never Done: A History of American Housework (New York, 1982); S. J. Kleinberg, The Shadow of the Mills: Working-Class Families in Pittsburgh, 1870-1907 (Pittsburgh, 1989); Richard L. Bushman, The Refinement of America: Persons, Houses, Cities (New York, 1992); Carolyn M. Goldstein, "Mediating Consumption: Home Economics and American Consumers, 1900-1940" (Ph.D. diss., University of Delaware, 1994); and Arwen Palmer Mohun, Power Laundries: Gender, Technology, and Work in Great Britain and the United States, 1880-1940 (forthcoming).
192. Suellen Hoy, Chasing Dirt: The American Pursuit of Cleanliness (New York, 1995); Maureen Ogle, All the Modern Conveniences: American Household Plumbing, 1840-1890 (Baltimore, 1996); and Ruth Schwartz Cowan, More Work for Mother: The Ironies of Household Technology from the Open Hearth to the Microwave (New York, 1983). See also Susan Strasser, Never Done: A History of American Housework (New York, 1982); S. J. Kleinberg, The Shadow of the Mills: Working-Class Families in Pittsburgh, 1870-1907 (Pittsburgh, 1989); Richard L. Bushman, The Refinement of America: Persons, Houses, Cities (New York, 1992); Carolyn M. Goldstein, "Mediating Consumption: Home Economics and American Consumers, 1900-1940" (Ph.D. diss., University of Delaware, 1994); and Arwen Palmer Mohun, Power Laundries: Gender, Technology, and Work in Great Britain and the United States, 1880-1940 (forthcoming).
193. Suellen Hoy, Chasing Dirt: The American Pursuit of Cleanliness (New York, 1995); Maureen Ogle, All the Modern Conveniences: American Household Plumbing, 1840-1890 (Baltimore, 1996); and Ruth Schwartz Cowan, More Work for Mother: The Ironies of Household Technology from the Open Hearth to the Microwave (New York, 1983). See also Susan Strasser, Never Done: A History of American Housework (New York, 1982); S. J. Kleinberg, The Shadow of the Mills: Working-Class Families in Pittsburgh, 1870-1907 (Pittsburgh, 1989); Richard L. Bushman, The Refinement of America: Persons, Houses, Cities (New York, 1992); Carolyn M. Goldstein, "Mediating Consumption: Home Economics and American Consumers, 1900-1940" (Ph.D. diss., University of Delaware, 1994); and Arwen Palmer Mohun, Power Laundries: Gender, Technology, and Work in Great Britain and the United States, 1880-1940 (forthcoming).
194. Suellen Hoy, Chasing Dirt: The American Pursuit of Cleanliness (New York, 1995); Maureen Ogle, All the Modern Conveniences: American Household Plumbing, 1840-1890 (Baltimore, 1996); and Ruth Schwartz Cowan, More Work for Mother: The Ironies of Household Technology from the Open Hearth to the Microwave (New York, 1983). See also Susan Strasser, Never Done: A History of American Housework (New York, 1982); S. J. Kleinberg, The Shadow of the Mills: Working-Class Families in Pittsburgh, 1870-1907 (Pittsburgh, 1989); Richard L. Bushman, The Refinement of America: Persons, Houses, Cities (New York, 1992); Carolyn M. Goldstein, "Mediating Consumption: Home Economics and American Consumers, 1900-1940" (Ph.D. diss., University of Delaware, 1994); and Arwen Palmer Mohun, Power Laundries: Gender, Technology, and Work in Great Britain and the United States, 1880-1940 (forthcoming).
195. McEvoy, "Working Environments" (n. 13 above), p. S160. See also Richard White, "Are You an Environmentalist or Do You Work for a Living? Work and Nature," in Uncommon Ground: Toward Reinventing Nature, ed. William Cronon (New York, 1995), 171-85.
196. McEvoy, "Working Environments" (n. 13 above), p. S160. See also Richard White, "Are You an Environmentalist or Do You Work for a Living? Work and Nature," in Uncommon Ground: Toward Reinventing Nature, ed. William Cronon (New York, 1995), 171-85.
197. See, for example, Hubert Skidmore, Hawk's Nest (New York, 1941); George Rosen, The History of Miners' Disease (New York, 1943); and Louis Teleky, History of Factory and Mine Hygiene (New York, 1948).
198. See, for example, Hubert Skidmore, Hawk's Nest (New York, 1941); George Rosen, The History of Miners' Disease (New York, 1943); and Louis Teleky, History of Factory and Mine Hygiene (New York, 1948).
199. See, for example, Hubert Skidmore, Hawk's Nest (New York, 1941); George Rosen, The History of Miners' Disease (New York, 1943); and Louis Teleky, History of Factory and Mine Hygiene (New York, 1948).
200. William Graebner, Coal-Mining Safety in the Progressive Period: The Political Economy of Reform (Lexington, Ky., 1976); Mark Wyman, Hard Rock Epic: Western Miners and the Industrial Revolution, 1860-1910 (Berkeley, 1979); Alan Derickson, Workers' Health, Workers' Democracy: The Western Miners' Struggle, 1891-1925 (Ithaca, N.Y., 1988); and Martin Cherniack, The Hawk's Nest Incident: America's Worst Industrial Disaster (New Haven, Conn., 1986). See also Jacqueline Karnell Corn, Response to Occupational Health Hazards: A Historical Perspective (New York, 1992); and Mark Aldrich, "Preventing 'the Needless Peril of the Coal Mine': The Bureau of Mines and the Campaign against Coal Mine Explosions, 1910-1940," Technology and Culture 36 (1995): 483-518.
201. William Graebner, Coal-Mining Safety in the Progressive Period: The Political Economy of Reform (Lexington, Ky., 1976); Mark Wyman, Hard Rock Epic: Western Miners and the Industrial Revolution, 1860-1910 (Berkeley, 1979); Alan Derickson, Workers' Health, Workers' Democracy: The Western Miners' Struggle, 1891-1925 (Ithaca, N.Y., 1988); and Martin Cherniack, The Hawk's Nest Incident: America's Worst Industrial Disaster (New Haven, Conn., 1986). See also Jacqueline Karnell Corn, Response to Occupational Health Hazards: A Historical Perspective (New York, 1992); and Mark Aldrich, "Preventing 'the Needless Peril of the Coal Mine': The Bureau of Mines and the Campaign against Coal Mine Explosions, 1910-1940," Technology and Culture 36 (1995): 483-518.
202. William Graebner, Coal-Mining Safety in the Progressive Period: The Political Economy of Reform (Lexington, Ky., 1976); Mark Wyman, Hard Rock Epic: Western Miners and the Industrial Revolution, 1860-1910 (Berkeley, 1979); Alan Derickson, Workers' Health, Workers' Democracy: The Western Miners' Struggle, 1891-1925 (Ithaca, N.Y., 1988); and Martin Cherniack, The Hawk's Nest Incident: America's Worst Industrial Disaster (New Haven, Conn., 1986). See also Jacqueline Karnell Corn, Response to Occupational Health Hazards: A Historical Perspective (New York, 1992); and Mark Aldrich, "Preventing 'the Needless Peril of the Coal Mine': The Bureau of Mines and the Campaign against Coal Mine Explosions, 1910-1940," Technology and Culture 36 (1995): 483-518.
203. William Graebner, Coal-Mining Safety in the Progressive Period: The Political Economy of Reform (Lexington, Ky., 1976); Mark Wyman, Hard Rock Epic: Western Miners and the Industrial Revolution, 1860-1910 (Berkeley, 1979); Alan Derickson, Workers' Health, Workers' Democracy: The Western Miners' Struggle, 1891-1925 (Ithaca, N.Y., 1988); and Martin Cherniack, The Hawk's Nest Incident: America's Worst Industrial Disaster (New Haven, Conn., 1986). See also Jacqueline Karnell Corn, Response to Occupational Health Hazards: A Historical Perspective (New York, 1992); and Mark Aldrich, "Preventing 'the Needless Peril of the Coal Mine': The Bureau of Mines and the Campaign against Coal Mine Explosions, 1910-1940," Technology and Culture 36 (1995): 483-518.
204. William Graebner, Coal-Mining Safety in the Progressive Period: The Political Economy of Reform (Lexington, Ky., 1976); Mark Wyman, Hard Rock Epic: Western Miners and the Industrial Revolution, 1860-1910 (Berkeley, 1979); Alan Derickson, Workers' Health, Workers' Democracy: The Western Miners' Struggle, 1891-1925 (Ithaca, N.Y., 1988); and Martin Cherniack, The Hawk's Nest Incident: America's Worst Industrial Disaster (New Haven, Conn., 1986). See also Jacqueline Karnell Corn, Response to Occupational Health Hazards: A Historical Perspective (New York, 1992); and Mark Aldrich, "Preventing 'the Needless Peril of the Coal Mine': The Bureau of Mines and the Campaign against Coal Mine Explosions, 1910-1940," Technology and Culture 36 (1995): 483-518.
205. William Graebner, Coal-Mining Safety in the Progressive Period: The Political Economy of Reform (Lexington, Ky., 1976); Mark Wyman, Hard Rock Epic: Western Miners and the Industrial Revolution, 1860-1910 (Berkeley, 1979); Alan Derickson, Workers' Health, Workers' Democracy: The Western Miners' Struggle, 1891-1925 (Ithaca, N.Y., 1988); and Martin Cherniack, The Hawk's Nest Incident: America's Worst Industrial Disaster (New Haven, Conn., 1986). See also Jacqueline Karnell Corn, Response to Occupational Health Hazards: A Historical Perspective (New York, 1992); and Mark Aldrich, "Preventing 'the Needless Peril of the Coal Mine': The Bureau of Mines and the Campaign against Coal Mine Explosions, 1910-1940," Technology and Culture 36 (1995): 483-518.
206. David Rosner and Gerald Markowitz, Deadly Dust: Silicosis and the Politics of Occupational Disease in Twentieth-Century America (Princeton, N.J., 1991), 8-9. Their earlier book was David Rosner and Gerald Markowitz, eds., Dying for Work: Workers' Safety and Health in Twentieth-Century America (Bloomington, Ind., 1987).
207. David Rosner and Gerald Markowitz, Deadly Dust: Silicosis and the Politics of Occupational Disease in Twentieth-Century America (Princeton, N.J., 1991), 8-9. Their earlier book was David Rosner and Gerald Markowitz, eds., Dying for Work: Workers' Safety and Health in Twentieth-Century America (Bloomington, Ind., 1987).
208. For a corroborating account of a related industry, see Claudia Clark, Radium Girls: Women and Industrial Health Reform, 1910-1935 (Chapel Hill, N.C., 1997). Also useful are Barton C. Hacker, The Dragon's Tail: Radiation Safety in the Manhattan Project, 1942-1946 (Berkeley, 1987), and Elements of Controversy: The Atomic Energy Commission and Radiation Safety in Nuclear Weapons Testing, 1947-1974 (Berkeley, 1994).
209. For a corroborating account of a related industry, see Claudia Clark, Radium Girls: Women and Industrial Health Reform, 1910-1935 (Chapel Hill, N.C., 1997). Also useful are Barton C. Hacker, The Dragon's Tail: Radiation Safety in the Manhattan Project, 1942-1946 (Berkeley, 1987), and Elements of Controversy: The Atomic Energy Commission and Radiation Safety in Nuclear Weapons Testing, 1947-1974 (Berkeley, 1994).
210. For a corroborating account of a related industry, see Claudia Clark, Radium Girls: Women and Industrial Health Reform, 1910-1935 (Chapel Hill, N.C., 1997). Also useful are Barton C. Hacker, The Dragon's Tail: Radiation Safety in the Manhattan Project, 1942-1946 (Berkeley, 1987), and Elements of Controversy: The Atomic Energy Commission and Radiation Safety in Nuclear Weapons Testing, 1947-1974 (Berkeley, 1994).
211. Christopher C. Sellers, Hazards of the Job: From Industrial Disease to Environmental Health Science (Chapel Hill, N.C., 1997); and Aldrich, Safety First (n. 42 above).
212. Christopher C. Sellers, Hazards of the Job: From Industrial Disease to Environmental Health Science (Chapel Hill, N.C., 1997); and Aldrich, Safety First (n. 42 above).
213. Aldrich, Safety First. The concept of risk, as it involves the nexus of technology and the environment, is explored in Mary Douglas and Aaron Wildavsky, Risk and Culture: An Essay on the Selection of Technological and Environmental Dangers (Berkeley, 1982); and Aaron Wildavsky, But Is It True? A Citizens Guide to Environmental Health and Safety Issues (Cambridge, Mass., 1995). Also useful is Allan Mazur, A Hazardous Inquiry: The "Rashomon" Effect at Love Canal (Cambridge, Mass., 1998).
214. Aldrich, Safety First. The concept of risk, as it involves the nexus of technology and the environment, is explored in Mary Douglas and Aaron Wildavsky, Risk and Culture: An Essay on the Selection of Technological and Environmental Dangers (Berkeley, 1982); and Aaron Wildavsky, But Is It True? A Citizens Guide to Environmental Health and Safety Issues (Cambridge, Mass., 1995). Also useful is Allan Mazur, A Hazardous Inquiry: The "Rashomon" Effect at Love Canal (Cambridge, Mass., 1998).
215. Aldrich, Safety First. The concept of risk, as it involves the nexus of technology and the environment, is explored in Mary Douglas and Aaron Wildavsky, Risk and Culture: An Essay on the Selection of Technological and Environmental Dangers (Berkeley, 1982); and Aaron Wildavsky, But Is It True? A Citizens Guide to Environmental Health and Safety Issues (Cambridge, Mass., 1995). Also useful is Allan Mazur, A Hazardous Inquiry: The "Rashomon" Effect at Love Canal (Cambridge, Mass., 1998).
216. Aldrich, Safety First. The concept of risk, as it involves the nexus of technology and the environment, is explored in Mary Douglas and Aaron Wildavsky, Risk and Culture: An Essay on the Selection of Technological and Environmental Dangers (Berkeley, 1982); and Aaron Wildavsky, But Is It True? A Citizens Guide to Environmental Health and Safety Issues (Cambridge, Mass., 1995). Also useful is Allan Mazur, A Hazardous Inquiry: The "Rashomon" Effect at Love Canal (Cambridge, Mass., 1998).
217. Joseph A. Pratt, The Growth of a Refining Region (Greenwich, Conn., 1980); Hurley, "Creating Ecological Wastelands" (n. 22 above), 340-64; and John T. Cumbler, "Whatever Happened to Industrial Waste? Reform, Compromise, and Science in Nineteenth Century Southern New England," Journal of Social History 29 (fall 1995): 149-71. See also H. Wayne Morgan, ed., Industrial America: The Environment and Social Problems, 1865-1920 (Chicago, 1974); and Joseph A. Pratt, "Letting the Grandchildren Do: Environmental Planning during the Ascent of Oil as a Major Energy Source," Public Historian 2 (summer 1980): 28-61.
218. Joseph A. Pratt, The Growth of a Refining Region (Greenwich, Conn., 1980); Hurley, "Creating Ecological Wastelands" (n. 22 above), 340-64; and John T. Cumbler, "Whatever Happened to Industrial Waste? Reform, Compromise, and Science in Nineteenth Century Southern New England," Journal of Social History 29 (fall 1995): 149-71. See also H. Wayne Morgan, ed., Industrial America: The Environment and Social Problems, 1865-1920 (Chicago, 1974); and Joseph A. Pratt, "Letting the Grandchildren Do: Environmental Planning during the Ascent of Oil as a Major Energy Source," Public Historian 2 (summer 1980): 28-61.
219. Joseph A. Pratt, The Growth of a Refining Region (Greenwich, Conn., 1980); Hurley, "Creating Ecological Wastelands" (n. 22 above), 340-64; and John T. Cumbler, "Whatever Happened to Industrial Waste? Reform, Compromise, and Science in Nineteenth Century Southern New England," Journal of Social History 29 (fall 1995): 149-71. See also H. Wayne Morgan, ed., Industrial America: The Environment and Social Problems, 1865-1920 (Chicago, 1974); and Joseph A. Pratt, "Letting the Grandchildren Do: Environmental Planning during the Ascent of Oil as a Major Energy Source," Public Historian 2 (summer 1980): 28-61.
220. Joseph A. Pratt, The Growth of a Refining Region (Greenwich, Conn., 1980); Hurley, "Creating Ecological Wastelands" (n. 22 above), 340-64; and John T. Cumbler, "Whatever Happened to Industrial Waste? Reform, Compromise, and Science in Nineteenth Century Southern New England," Journal of Social History 29 (fall 1995): 149-71. See also H. Wayne Morgan, ed., Industrial America: The Environment and Social Problems, 1865-1920 (Chicago, 1974); and Joseph A. Pratt, "Letting the Grandchildren Do: Environmental Planning during the Ascent of Oil as a Major Energy Source," Public Historian 2 (summer 1980): 28-61.
221. Joseph A. Pratt, The Growth of a Refining Region (Greenwich, Conn., 1980); Hurley, "Creating Ecological Wastelands" (n. 22 above), 340-64; and John T. Cumbler, "Whatever Happened to Industrial Waste? Reform, Compromise, and Science in Nineteenth Century Southern New England," Journal of Social History 29 (fall 1995): 149-71. See also H. Wayne Morgan, ed., Industrial America: The Environment and Social Problems, 1865-1920 (Chicago, 1974); and Joseph A. Pratt, "Letting the Grandchildren Do: Environmental Planning during the Ascent of Oil as a Major Energy Source," Public Historian 2 (summer 1980): 28-61.
222. Robert B. Gordon and Patrick M. Malone, The Texture of Industry: An Archaeological View of the Industrialization of North America (New York, 1994).
223. Theodore Steinberg, Nature Incorporated: Industrialization and the Waters of New England (New York, 1991); William McGucken, Biodegradable: Detergents and the Environment (College Station, Tex., 1991); and Terence Kehoe, Cleaning Up the Great Lakes: From Cooperation to Confrontation (DeKalb, Ill., 1997). See also Theodore Steinberg, "An Ecological Perspective on the Origins of Industrialization," Environmental Review 10 (winter 1986): 261-76.
224. Theodore Steinberg, Nature Incorporated: Industrialization and the Waters of New England (New York, 1991); William McGucken, Biodegradable: Detergents and the Environment (College Station, Tex., 1991); and Terence Kehoe, Cleaning Up the Great Lakes: From Cooperation to Confrontation (DeKalb, Ill., 1997). See also Theodore Steinberg, "An Ecological Perspective on the Origins of Industrialization," Environmental Review 10 (winter 1986): 261-76.
225. Theodore Steinberg, Nature Incorporated: Industrialization and the Waters of New England (New York, 1991); William McGucken, Biodegradable: Detergents and the Environment (College Station, Tex., 1991); and Terence Kehoe, Cleaning Up the Great Lakes: From Cooperation to Confrontation (DeKalb, Ill., 1997). See also Theodore Steinberg, "An Ecological Perspective on the Origins of Industrialization," Environmental Review 10 (winter 1986): 261-76.
226. Theodore Steinberg, Nature Incorporated: Industrialization and the Waters of New England (New York, 1991); William McGucken, Biodegradable: Detergents and the Environment (College Station, Tex., 1991); and Terence Kehoe, Cleaning Up the Great Lakes: From Cooperation to Confrontation (DeKalb, Ill., 1997). See also Theodore Steinberg, "An Ecological Perspective on the Origins of Industrialization," Environmental Review 10 (winter 1986): 261-76.
227. Ralph Landau and Nathan Rosenberg, "Successful Commercialization in the Chemical Process Industries," in Technology and the Wealth of Nations, ed. Nathan Rosenberg, Ralph Landau, and David C. Mowery (Stanford, 1992), 74-119.
228. Sheldon Hochheiser, Rohm and Haas: History of a Chemical Company (Philadelphia, 1986); David A. Hounshell and John K. Smith Jr., Science and Corporate Strategy: Du Pont R&D, 1902-1980 (New York, 1988); Andrew J. Butrica, Out of Thin Air: A History of Air Products and Chemicals, Inc., 1940-1990 (New York, 1990); David Dyer and David B. Sicilia, Labors of a Modern Hercules: Evolution of a Chemical Company (Boston, 1990); and Fred Aftalion, A History of the International Chemical Industry, trans. Otto Theodor Benfey (Philadelphia, 1991). For a study of the environmental impact of the chemical industry, see Colton, "Creating a Toxic Landscape" (n. 21 above).
229. Sheldon Hochheiser, Rohm and Haas: History of a Chemical Company (Philadelphia, 1986); David A. Hounshell and John K. Smith Jr., Science and Corporate Strategy: Du Pont R&D, 1902-1980 (New York, 1988); Andrew J. Butrica, Out of Thin Air: A History of Air Products and Chemicals, Inc., 1940-1990 (New York, 1990); David Dyer and David B. Sicilia, Labors of a Modern Hercules: Evolution of a Chemical Company (Boston, 1990); and Fred Aftalion, A History of the International Chemical Industry, trans. Otto Theodor Benfey (Philadelphia, 1991). For a study of the environmental impact of the chemical industry, see Colton, "Creating a Toxic Landscape" (n. 21 above).
230. Sheldon Hochheiser, Rohm and Haas: History of a Chemical Company (Philadelphia, 1986); David A. Hounshell and John K. Smith Jr., Science and Corporate Strategy: Du Pont R&D, 1902-1980 (New York, 1988); Andrew J. Butrica, Out of Thin Air: A History of Air Products and Chemicals, Inc., 1940-1990 (New York, 1990); David Dyer and David B. Sicilia, Labors of a Modern Hercules: Evolution of a Chemical Company (Boston, 1990); and Fred Aftalion, A History of the International Chemical Industry, trans. Otto Theodor Benfey (Philadelphia, 1991). For a study of the environmental impact of the chemical industry, see Colton, "Creating a Toxic Landscape" (n. 21 above).
231. Sheldon Hochheiser, Rohm and Haas: History of a Chemical Company (Philadelphia, 1986); David A. Hounshell and John K. Smith Jr., Science and Corporate Strategy: Du Pont R&D, 1902-1980 (New York, 1988); Andrew J. Butrica, Out of Thin Air: A History of Air Products and Chemicals, Inc., 1940-1990 (New York, 1990); David Dyer and David B. Sicilia, Labors of a Modern Hercules: Evolution of a Chemical Company (Boston, 1990); and Fred Aftalion, A History of the International Chemical Industry, trans. Otto Theodor Benfey (Philadelphia, 1991). For a study of the environmental impact of the chemical industry, see Colton, "Creating a Toxic Landscape" (n. 21 above).
232. Sheldon Hochheiser, Rohm and Haas: History of a Chemical Company (Philadelphia, 1986); David A. Hounshell and John K. Smith Jr., Science and Corporate Strategy: Du Pont R&D, 1902-1980 (New York, 1988); Andrew J. Butrica, Out of Thin Air: A History of Air Products and Chemicals, Inc., 1940-1990 (New York, 1990); David Dyer and David B. Sicilia, Labors of a Modern Hercules: Evolution of a Chemical Company (Boston, 1990); and Fred Aftalion, A History of the International Chemical Industry, trans. Otto Theodor Benfey (Philadelphia, 1991). For a study of the environmental impact of the chemical industry, see Colton, "Creating a Toxic Landscape" (n. 21 above).
233. Sheldon Hochheiser, Rohm and Haas: History of a Chemical Company (Philadelphia, 1986); David A. Hounshell and John K. Smith Jr., Science and Corporate Strategy: Du Pont R&D, 1902-1980 (New York, 1988); Andrew J. Butrica, Out of Thin Air: A History of Air Products and Chemicals, Inc., 1940-1990 (New York, 1990); David Dyer and David B. Sicilia, Labors of a Modern Hercules: Evolution of a Chemical Company (Boston, 1990); and Fred Aftalion, A History of the International Chemical Industry, trans. Otto Theodor Benfey (Philadelphia, 1991). For a study of the environmental impact of the chemical industry, see Colton, "Creating a Toxic Landscape" (n. 21 above).
234. Paul F. Paskoff, Industrial Evolution: Organization, Structure, and Growth of the Pennsylvania Iron Industry, 1750-1860 (Baltimore, 1983). Bining, Pennsylvania Iron Manufacture (n. 37 above), briefly mentions the timber consumed and the air pollution created by charcoal furnaces. For an economic analysis of the industry that examines wood as a factor input, while ignoring the environmental impact of deforestation, see Peter Temin, Iron and Steel in Nineteenth-Century America (Cambridge, Mass., 1964). Also useful are Tarr, "Searching for a 'Sink'" (n. 21 above); and Brooke Hindle, ed., Material Culture of the Wooden Age (Tarrytown, N.Y., 1981). For the impact of railroads on forests, see Sherry H. Olson, The Depletion Myth: A History of Railroad Use of Timber (Cambridge, Mass., 1971).
235. Paul F. Paskoff, Industrial Evolution: Organization, Structure, and Growth of the Pennsylvania Iron Industry, 1750-1860 (Baltimore, 1983). Bining, Pennsylvania Iron Manufacture (n. 37 above), briefly mentions the timber consumed and the air pollution created by charcoal furnaces. For an economic analysis of the industry that examines wood as a factor input, while ignoring the environmental impact of deforestation, see Peter Temin, Iron and Steel in Nineteenth-Century America (Cambridge, Mass., 1964). Also useful are Tarr, "Searching for a 'Sink'" (n. 21 above); and Brooke Hindle, ed., Material Culture of the Wooden Age (Tarrytown, N.Y., 1981). For the impact of railroads on forests, see Sherry H. Olson, The Depletion Myth: A History of Railroad Use of Timber (Cambridge, Mass., 1971).
236. Paul F. Paskoff, Industrial Evolution: Organization, Structure, and Growth of the Pennsylvania Iron Industry, 1750-1860 (Baltimore, 1983). Bining, Pennsylvania Iron Manufacture (n. 37 above), briefly mentions the timber consumed and the air pollution created by charcoal furnaces. For an economic analysis of the industry that examines wood as a factor input, while ignoring the environmental impact of deforestation, see Peter Temin, Iron and Steel in Nineteenth-Century America (Cambridge, Mass., 1964). Also useful are Tarr, "Searching for a 'Sink'" (n. 21 above); and Brooke Hindle, ed., Material Culture of the Wooden Age (Tarrytown, N.Y., 1981). For the impact of railroads on forests, see Sherry H. Olson, The Depletion Myth: A History of Railroad Use of Timber (Cambridge, Mass., 1971).
237. Paul F. Paskoff, Industrial Evolution: Organization, Structure, and Growth of the Pennsylvania Iron Industry, 1750-1860 (Baltimore, 1983). Bining, Pennsylvania Iron Manufacture (n. 37 above), briefly mentions the timber consumed and the air pollution created by charcoal furnaces. For an economic analysis of the industry that examines wood as a factor input, while ignoring the environmental impact of deforestation, see Peter Temin, Iron and Steel in Nineteenth-Century America (Cambridge, Mass., 1964). Also useful are Tarr, "Searching for a 'Sink'" (n. 21 above); and Brooke Hindle, ed., Material Culture of the Wooden Age (Tarrytown, N.Y., 1981). For the impact of railroads on forests, see Sherry H. Olson, The Depletion Myth: A History of Railroad Use of Timber (Cambridge, Mass., 1971).
238. Paul F. Paskoff, Industrial Evolution: Organization, Structure, and Growth of the Pennsylvania Iron Industry, 1750-1860 (Baltimore, 1983). Bining, Pennsylvania Iron Manufacture (n. 37 above), briefly mentions the timber consumed and the air pollution created by charcoal furnaces. For an economic analysis of the industry that examines wood as a factor input, while ignoring the environmental impact of deforestation, see Peter Temin, Iron and Steel in Nineteenth-Century America (Cambridge, Mass., 1964). Also useful are Tarr, "Searching for a 'Sink'" (n. 21 above); and Brooke Hindle, ed., Material Culture of the Wooden Age (Tarrytown, N.Y., 1981). For the impact of railroads on forests, see Sherry H. Olson, The Depletion Myth: A History of Railroad Use of Timber (Cambridge, Mass., 1971).
239. Paul F. Paskoff, Industrial Evolution: Organization, Structure, and Growth of the Pennsylvania Iron Industry, 1750-1860 (Baltimore, 1983). Bining, Pennsylvania Iron Manufacture (n. 37 above), briefly mentions the timber consumed and the air pollution created by charcoal furnaces. For an economic analysis of the industry that examines wood as a factor input, while ignoring the environmental impact of deforestation, see Peter Temin, Iron and Steel in Nineteenth-Century America (Cambridge, Mass., 1964). Also useful are Tarr, "Searching for a 'Sink'" (n. 21 above); and Brooke Hindle, ed., Material Culture of the Wooden Age (Tarrytown, N.Y., 1981). For the impact of railroads on forests, see Sherry H. Olson, The Depletion Myth: A History of Railroad Use of Timber (Cambridge, Mass., 1971).
240. Michael Williams, Americans and Their Forests: A Historical Geography (New York, 1989). The nineteenth-century wood chemical industry also had a devastating impact on forest resources, but it has yet to find its historian.
241. Robert V. Bartlett, The Reserve Mining Controversy: Science, Technology, and Environmental Quality (Bloomington, Ind., 1980). For the environmental litigation that followed, see Thomas F. Bastow, "This Vast Pollution . . .": United States of America v. Reserve Mining Company (Washington, D.C., 1986).
242. Robert V. Bartlett, The Reserve Mining Controversy: Science, Technology, and Environmental Quality (Bloomington, Ind., 1980). For the environmental litigation that followed, see Thomas F. Bastow, "This Vast Pollution . . .": United States of America v. Reserve Mining Company (Washington, D.C., 1986).
243. John N. Ingham, Making Iron and Steel: Independent Mills in Pittsburgh, 1820-1920 (Columbus, Ohio, 1991); and Thomas J. Misa, A Nation of Steel: The Making of Modern America, 1865-1925 (Baltimore, 1995). Ingham's dust jacket features a striking image of darkened clouds billowing from mill smokestacks. The few works that have addressed the history of iron and steel making in the American West have focused on the economic, industrial, and technological components, rather than on the environmental. See, for example, H. Lee Samehorn, Pioneer Steelmaker in the West: The Colorado Fuel and Iron Company, 1872-1903 (Boulder, Colo., 1976), and Mill and Mine: The CF&I in the Twentieth Century (Lincoln, Nebr., 1992).
244. John N. Ingham, Making Iron and Steel: Independent Mills in Pittsburgh, 1820-1920 (Columbus, Ohio, 1991); and Thomas J. Misa, A Nation of Steel: The Making of Modern America, 1865-1925 (Baltimore, 1995). Ingham's dust jacket features a striking image of darkened clouds billowing from mill smokestacks. The few works that have addressed the history of iron and steel making in the American West have focused on the economic, industrial, and technological components, rather than on the environmental. See, for example, H. Lee Samehorn, Pioneer Steelmaker in the West: The Colorado Fuel and Iron Company, 1872-1903 (Boulder, Colo., 1976), and Mill and Mine: The CF&I in the Twentieth Century (Lincoln, Nebr., 1992).
245. John N. Ingham, Making Iron and Steel: Independent Mills in Pittsburgh, 1820-1920 (Columbus, Ohio, 1991); and Thomas J. Misa, A Nation of Steel: The Making of Modern America, 1865-1925 (Baltimore, 1995). Ingham's dust jacket features a striking image of darkened clouds billowing from mill smokestacks. The few works that have addressed the history of iron and steel making in the American West have focused on the economic, industrial, and technological components, rather than on the environmental. See, for example, H. Lee Samehorn, Pioneer Steelmaker in the West: The Colorado Fuel and Iron Company, 1872-1903 (Boulder, Colo., 1976), and Mill and Mine: The CF&I in the Twentieth Century (Lincoln, Nebr., 1992).
246. John N. Ingham, Making Iron and Steel: Independent Mills in Pittsburgh, 1820-1920 (Columbus, Ohio, 1991); and Thomas J. Misa, A Nation of Steel: The Making of Modern America, 1865-1925 (Baltimore, 1995). Ingham's dust jacket features a striking image of darkened clouds billowing from mill smokestacks. The few works that have addressed the history of iron and steel making in the American West have focused on the economic, industrial, and technological components, rather than on the environmental. See, for example, H. Lee Samehorn, Pioneer Steelmaker in the West: The Colorado Fuel and Iron Company, 1872-1903 (Boulder, Colo., 1976), and Mill and Mine: The CF&I in the Twentieth Century (Lincoln, Nebr., 1992).
247. Kleinberg (n. 47 above); Andrew Hurley, Environmental Inequalities: Class, Race, and Industrial Pollution in Gary, Indiana, 1945-1980 (Chapel Hill, N.C., 1995); Tarr, "Searching for a 'Sink'"; Christine Meisner Rosen, "Differing Perceptions of the Value of Pollution Abatement across Time and Place: Balancing Doctrine in Pollution Nuisance Law, 1804-1906," Law and History Review 11 (fall 1993): 303-81, and "Noisome, Noxious, and Offensive Vapors, Fumes, and Stenches in American Towns and Cities, 1840-1865," Historical Geography 25 (1997): 49-82. See also Martin V. Melosi, "Hazardous Waste and Environmental Liability: An Historical Perspective," Houston Law Review 25 (1988): 741-80.
248. Kleinberg (n. 47 above); Andrew Hurley, Environmental Inequalities: Class, Race, and Industrial Pollution in Gary, Indiana, 1945-1980 (Chapel Hill, N.C., 1995); Tarr, "Searching for a 'Sink'"; Christine Meisner Rosen, "Differing Perceptions of the Value of Pollution Abatement across Time and Place: Balancing Doctrine in Pollution Nuisance Law, 1804-1906," Law and History Review 11 (fall 1993): 303-81, and "Noisome, Noxious, and Offensive Vapors, Fumes, and Stenches in American Towns and Cities, 1840-1865," Historical Geography 25 (1997): 49-82. See also Martin V. Melosi, "Hazardous Waste and Environmental Liability: An Historical Perspective," Houston Law Review 25 (1988): 741-80.
249. Kleinberg (n. 47 above); Andrew Hurley, Environmental Inequalities: Class, Race, and Industrial Pollution in Gary, Indiana, 1945-1980 (Chapel Hill, N.C., 1995); Tarr, "Searching for a 'Sink'"; Christine Meisner Rosen, "Differing Perceptions of the Value of Pollution Abatement across Time and Place: Balancing Doctrine in Pollution Nuisance Law, 1804-1906," Law and History Review 11 (fall 1993): 303-81, and "Noisome, Noxious, and Offensive Vapors, Fumes, and Stenches in American Towns and Cities, 1840-1865," Historical Geography 25 (1997): 49-82. See also Martin V. Melosi, "Hazardous Waste and Environmental Liability: An Historical Perspective," Houston Law Review 25 (1988): 741-80.
250. Kleinberg (n. 47 above); Andrew Hurley, Environmental Inequalities: Class, Race, and Industrial Pollution in Gary, Indiana, 1945-1980 (Chapel Hill, N.C., 1995); Tarr, "Searching for a 'Sink'"; Christine Meisner Rosen, "Differing Perceptions of the Value of Pollution Abatement across Time and Place: Balancing Doctrine in Pollution Nuisance Law, 1804-1906," Law and History Review 11 (fall 1993): 303-81, and "Noisome, Noxious, and Offensive Vapors, Fumes, and Stenches in American Towns and Cities, 1840-1865," Historical Geography 25 (1997): 49-82. See also Martin V. Melosi, "Hazardous Waste and Environmental Liability: An Historical Perspective," Houston Law Review 25 (1988): 741-80.
251. Kleinberg (n. 47 above); Andrew Hurley, Environmental Inequalities: Class, Race, and Industrial Pollution in Gary, Indiana, 1945-1980 (Chapel Hill, N.C., 1995); Tarr, "Searching for a 'Sink'"; Christine Meisner Rosen, "Differing Perceptions of the Value of Pollution Abatement across Time and Place: Balancing Doctrine in Pollution Nuisance Law, 1804-1906," Law and History Review 11 (fall 1993): 303-81, and "Noisome, Noxious, and Offensive Vapors, Fumes, and Stenches in American Towns and Cities, 1840-1865," Historical Geography 25 (1997): 49-82. See also Martin V. Melosi, "Hazardous Waste and Environmental Liability: An Historical Perspective," Houston Law Review 25 (1988): 741-80.
252. Kleinberg (n. 47 above); Andrew Hurley, Environmental Inequalities: Class, Race, and Industrial Pollution in Gary, Indiana, 1945-1980 (Chapel Hill, N.C., 1995); Tarr, "Searching for a 'Sink'"; Christine Meisner Rosen, "Differing Perceptions of the Value of Pollution Abatement across Time and Place: Balancing Doctrine in Pollution Nuisance Law, 1804-1906," Law and History Review 11 (fall 1993): 303-81, and "Noisome, Noxious, and Offensive Vapors, Fumes, and Stenches in American Towns and Cities, 1840-1865," Historical Geography 25 (1997): 49-82. See also Martin V. Melosi, "Hazardous Waste and Environmental Liability: An Historical Perspective," Houston Law Review 25 (1988): 741-80.
253. See Craig E. Colten, "Industrial Middens in Illinois: The Search for Historical Hazardous Wastes, 1870-1980," IA: The Journal of the Society for Industrial Archeology 14, no. 2 (1988): 51-61, "Historical Hazards: The Geography of Relict Industrial Wastes," Professional Geographer 42 (May 1990): 143-56, and "Chicago's Waste Lands: Refuse Disposal and Urban Growth, 1840-1990," Journal of Historical Geography 20 (April 1994): 124-42; Craig E. Colten and Peter N. Skinner, The Road to Love Canal: Managing Industrial Waste before EPA (Austin, Tex., 1996); Gorman (n. 1 above); and Andrew Hurley, "Fiasco at Wagner Electric: Environmental Justice and Urban Geography in St. Louis," Environmental History 2 (1997): 460-81. Useful methodological suggestions are provided in Shelley Bookspan, "Potentially Responsible Party Searches: Finding the Cause of Urban Grime," Public Historian 13 (spring 1991): 25-34. For the environmental justice movement, see Robert D. Bullard, Dumping in Dixie: Race, Class, and Environmental Quality (Boulder, Colo., 1990); Robert D. Bullard, ed., Unequal Protection: Environmental Justice and Communities of Color (San Francisco, 1994); Hurley, Environmental Inequalities; and Christopher H. Foreman Jr., The Promise and Peril of Environmental Justice (Washington, D.C., 1998).
254. See Craig E. Colten, "Industrial Middens in Illinois: The Search for Historical Hazardous Wastes, 1870-1980," IA: The Journal of the Society for Industrial Archeology 14, no. 2 (1988): 51-61, "Historical Hazards: The Geography of Relict Industrial Wastes," Professional Geographer 42 (May 1990): 143-56, and "Chicago's Waste Lands: Refuse Disposal and Urban Growth, 1840-1990," Journal of Historical Geography 20 (April 1994): 124-42; Craig E. Colten and Peter N. Skinner, The Road to Love Canal: Managing Industrial Waste before EPA (Austin, Tex., 1996); Gorman (n. 1 above); and Andrew Hurley, "Fiasco at Wagner Electric: Environmental Justice and Urban Geography in St. Louis," Environmental History 2 (1997): 460-81. Useful methodological suggestions are provided in Shelley Bookspan, "Potentially Responsible Party Searches: Finding the Cause of Urban Grime," Public Historian 13 (spring 1991): 25-34. For the environmental justice movement, see Robert D. Bullard, Dumping in Dixie: Race, Class, and Environmental Quality (Boulder, Colo., 1990); Robert D. Bullard, ed., Unequal Protection: Environmental Justice and Communities of Color (San Francisco, 1994); Hurley, Environmental Inequalities; and Christopher H. Foreman Jr., The Promise and Peril of Environmental Justice (Washington, D.C., 1998).
255. See Craig E. Colten, "Industrial Middens in Illinois: The Search for Historical Hazardous Wastes, 1870-1980," IA: The Journal of the Society for Industrial Archeology 14, no. 2 (1988): 51-61, "Historical Hazards: The Geography of Relict Industrial Wastes," Professional Geographer 42 (May 1990): 143-56, and "Chicago's Waste Lands: Refuse Disposal and Urban Growth, 1840-1990," Journal of Historical Geography 20 (April 1994): 124-42; Craig E. Colten and Peter N. Skinner, The Road to Love Canal: Managing Industrial Waste before EPA (Austin, Tex., 1996); Gorman (n. 1 above); and Andrew Hurley, "Fiasco at Wagner Electric: Environmental Justice and Urban Geography in St. Louis," Environmental History 2 (1997): 460-81. Useful methodological suggestions are provided in Shelley Bookspan, "Potentially Responsible Party Searches: Finding the Cause of Urban Grime," Public Historian 13 (spring 1991): 25-34. For the environmental justice movement, see Robert D. Bullard, Dumping in Dixie: Race, Class, and Environmental Quality (Boulder, Colo., 1990); Robert D. Bullard, ed., Unequal Protection: Environmental Justice and Communities of Color (San Francisco, 1994); Hurley, Environmental Inequalities; and Christopher H. Foreman Jr., The Promise and Peril of Environmental Justice (Washington, D.C., 1998).
256. See Craig E. Colten, "Industrial Middens in Illinois: The Search for Historical Hazardous Wastes, 1870-1980," IA: The Journal of the Society for Industrial Archeology 14, no. 2 (1988): 51-61, "Historical Hazards: The Geography of Relict Industrial Wastes," Professional Geographer 42 (May 1990): 143-56, and "Chicago's Waste Lands: Refuse Disposal and Urban Growth, 1840-1990," Journal of Historical Geography 20 (April 1994): 124-42; Craig E. Colten and Peter N. Skinner, The Road to Love Canal: Managing Industrial Waste before EPA (Austin, Tex., 1996); Gorman (n. 1 above); and Andrew Hurley, "Fiasco at Wagner Electric: Environmental Justice and Urban Geography in St. Louis," Environmental History 2 (1997): 460-81. Useful methodological suggestions are provided in Shelley Bookspan, "Potentially Responsible Party Searches: Finding the Cause of Urban Grime," Public Historian 13 (spring 1991): 25-34. For the environmental justice movement, see Robert D. Bullard, Dumping in Dixie: Race, Class, and Environmental Quality (Boulder, Colo., 1990); Robert D. Bullard, ed., Unequal Protection: Environmental Justice and Communities of Color (San Francisco, 1994); Hurley, Environmental Inequalities; and Christopher H. Foreman Jr., The Promise and Peril of Environmental Justice (Washington, D.C., 1998).
257. See Craig E. Colten, "Industrial Middens in Illinois: The Search for Historical Hazardous Wastes, 1870-1980," IA: The Journal of the Society for Industrial Archeology 14, no. 2 (1988): 51-61, "Historical Hazards: The Geography of Relict Industrial Wastes," Professional Geographer 42 (May 1990): 143-56, and "Chicago's Waste Lands: Refuse Disposal and Urban Growth, 1840-1990," Journal of Historical Geography 20 (April 1994): 124-42; Craig E. Colten and Peter N. Skinner, The Road to Love Canal: Managing Industrial Waste before EPA (Austin, Tex., 1996); Gorman (n. 1 above); and Andrew Hurley, "Fiasco at Wagner Electric: Environmental Justice and Urban Geography in St. Louis," Environmental History 2 (1997): 460-81. Useful methodological suggestions are provided in Shelley Bookspan, "Potentially Responsible Party Searches: Finding the Cause of Urban Grime," Public Historian 13 (spring 1991): 25-34. For the environmental justice movement, see Robert D. Bullard, Dumping in Dixie: Race, Class, and Environmental Quality (Boulder, Colo., 1990); Robert D. Bullard, ed., Unequal Protection: Environmental Justice and Communities of Color (San Francisco, 1994); Hurley, Environmental Inequalities; and Christopher H. Foreman Jr., The Promise and Peril of Environmental Justice (Washington, D.C., 1998).
258. See Craig E. Colten, "Industrial Middens in Illinois: The Search for Historical Hazardous Wastes, 1870-1980," IA: The Journal of the Society for Industrial Archeology 14, no. 2 (1988): 51-61, "Historical Hazards: The Geography of Relict Industrial Wastes," Professional Geographer 42 (May 1990): 143-56, and "Chicago's Waste Lands: Refuse Disposal and Urban Growth, 1840-1990," Journal of Historical Geography 20 (April 1994): 124-42; Craig E. Colten and Peter N. Skinner, The Road to Love Canal: Managing Industrial Waste before EPA (Austin, Tex., 1996); Gorman (n. 1 above); and Andrew Hurley, "Fiasco at Wagner Electric: Environmental Justice and Urban Geography in St. Louis," Environmental History 2 (1997): 460-81. Useful methodological suggestions are provided in Shelley Bookspan, "Potentially Responsible Party Searches: Finding the Cause of Urban Grime," Public Historian 13 (spring 1991): 25-34. For the environmental justice movement, see Robert D. Bullard, Dumping in Dixie: Race, Class, and Environmental Quality (Boulder, Colo., 1990); Robert D. Bullard, ed., Unequal Protection: Environmental Justice and Communities of Color (San Francisco, 1994); Hurley, Environmental Inequalities; and Christopher H. Foreman Jr., The Promise and Peril of Environmental Justice (Washington, D.C., 1998).
259. See Craig E. Colten, "Industrial Middens in Illinois: The Search for Historical Hazardous Wastes, 1870-1980," IA: The Journal of the Society for Industrial Archeology 14, no. 2 (1988): 51-61, "Historical Hazards: The Geography of Relict Industrial Wastes," Professional Geographer 42 (May 1990): 143-56, and "Chicago's Waste Lands: Refuse Disposal and Urban Growth, 1840-1990," Journal of Historical Geography 20 (April 1994): 124-42; Craig E. Colten and Peter N. Skinner, The Road to Love Canal: Managing Industrial Waste before EPA (Austin, Tex., 1996); Gorman (n. 1 above); and Andrew Hurley, "Fiasco at Wagner Electric: Environmental Justice and Urban Geography in St. Louis," Environmental History 2 (1997): 460-81. Useful methodological suggestions are provided in Shelley Bookspan, "Potentially Responsible Party Searches: Finding the Cause of Urban Grime," Public Historian 13 (spring 1991): 25-34. For the environmental justice movement, see Robert D. Bullard, Dumping in Dixie: Race, Class, and Environmental Quality (Boulder, Colo., 1990); Robert D. Bullard, ed., Unequal Protection: Environmental Justice and Communities of Color (San Francisco, 1994); Hurley, Environmental Inequalities; and Christopher H. Foreman Jr., The Promise and Peril of Environmental Justice (Washington, D.C., 1998).
260. See Craig E. Colten, "Industrial Middens in Illinois: The Search for Historical Hazardous Wastes, 1870-1980," IA: The Journal of the Society for Industrial Archeology 14, no. 2 (1988): 51-61, "Historical Hazards: The Geography of Relict Industrial Wastes," Professional Geographer 42 (May 1990): 143-56, and "Chicago's Waste Lands: Refuse Disposal and Urban Growth, 1840-1990," Journal of Historical Geography 20 (April 1994): 124-42; Craig E. Colten and Peter N. Skinner, The Road to Love Canal: Managing Industrial Waste before EPA (Austin, Tex., 1996); Gorman (n. 1 above); and Andrew Hurley, "Fiasco at Wagner Electric: Environmental Justice and Urban Geography in St. Louis," Environmental History 2 (1997): 460-81. Useful methodological suggestions are provided in Shelley Bookspan, "Potentially Responsible Party Searches: Finding the Cause of Urban Grime," Public Historian 13 (spring 1991): 25-34. For the environmental justice movement, see Robert D. Bullard, Dumping in Dixie: Race, Class, and Environmental Quality (Boulder, Colo., 1990); Robert D. Bullard, ed., Unequal Protection: Environmental Justice and Communities of Color (San Francisco, 1994); Hurley, Environmental Inequalities; and Christopher H. Foreman Jr., The Promise and Peril of Environmental Justice (Washington, D.C., 1998).
261. See Craig E. Colten, "Industrial Middens in Illinois: The Search for Historical Hazardous Wastes, 1870-1980," IA: The Journal of the Society for Industrial Archeology 14, no. 2 (1988): 51-61, "Historical Hazards: The Geography of Relict Industrial Wastes," Professional Geographer 42 (May 1990): 143-56, and "Chicago's Waste Lands: Refuse Disposal and Urban Growth, 1840-1990," Journal of Historical Geography 20 (April 1994): 124-42; Craig E. Colten and Peter N. Skinner, The Road to Love Canal: Managing Industrial Waste before EPA (Austin, Tex., 1996); Gorman (n. 1 above); and Andrew Hurley, "Fiasco at Wagner Electric: Environmental Justice and Urban Geography in St. Louis," Environmental History 2 (1997): 460-81. Useful methodological suggestions are provided in Shelley Bookspan, "Potentially Responsible Party Searches: Finding the Cause of Urban Grime," Public Historian 13 (spring 1991): 25-34. For the environmental justice movement, see Robert D. Bullard, Dumping in Dixie: Race, Class, and Environmental Quality (Boulder, Colo., 1990); Robert D. Bullard, ed., Unequal Protection: Environmental Justice and Communities of Color (San Francisco, 1994); Hurley, Environmental Inequalities; and Christopher H. Foreman Jr., The Promise and Peril of Environmental Justice (Washington, D.C., 1998).
262. See Craig E. Colten, "Industrial Middens in Illinois: The Search for Historical Hazardous Wastes, 1870-1980," IA: The Journal of the Society for Industrial Archeology 14, no. 2 (1988): 51-61, "Historical Hazards: The Geography of Relict Industrial Wastes," Professional Geographer 42 (May 1990): 143-56, and "Chicago's Waste Lands: Refuse Disposal and Urban Growth, 1840-1990," Journal of Historical Geography 20 (April 1994): 124-42; Craig E. Colten and Peter N. Skinner, The Road to Love Canal: Managing Industrial Waste before EPA (Austin, Tex., 1996); Gorman (n. 1 above); and Andrew Hurley, "Fiasco at Wagner Electric: Environmental Justice and Urban Geography in St. Louis," Environmental History 2 (1997): 460-81. Useful methodological suggestions are provided in Shelley Bookspan, "Potentially Responsible Party Searches: Finding the Cause of Urban Grime," Public Historian 13 (spring 1991): 25-34. For the environmental justice movement, see Robert D. Bullard, Dumping in Dixie: Race, Class, and Environmental Quality (Boulder, Colo., 1990); Robert D. Bullard, ed., Unequal Protection: Environmental Justice and Communities of Color (San Francisco, 1994); Hurley, Environmental Inequalities; and Christopher H. Foreman Jr., The Promise and Peril of Environmental Justice (Washington, D.C., 1998).
263. See Craig E. Colten, "Industrial Middens in Illinois: The Search for Historical Hazardous Wastes, 1870-1980," IA: The Journal of the Society for Industrial Archeology 14, no. 2 (1988): 51-61, "Historical Hazards: The Geography of Relict Industrial Wastes," Professional Geographer 42 (May 1990): 143-56, and "Chicago's Waste Lands: Refuse Disposal and Urban Growth, 1840-1990," Journal of Historical Geography 20 (April 1994): 124-42; Craig E. Colten and Peter N. Skinner, The Road to Love Canal: Managing Industrial Waste before EPA (Austin, Tex., 1996); Gorman (n. 1 above); and Andrew Hurley, "Fiasco at Wagner Electric: Environmental Justice and Urban Geography in St. Louis," Environmental History 2 (1997): 460-81. Useful methodological suggestions are provided in Shelley Bookspan, "Potentially Responsible Party Searches: Finding the Cause of Urban Grime," Public Historian 13 (spring 1991): 25-34. For the environmental justice movement, see Robert D. Bullard, Dumping in Dixie: Race, Class, and Environmental Quality (Boulder, Colo., 1990); Robert D. Bullard, ed., Unequal Protection: Environmental Justice and Communities of Color (San Francisco, 1994); Hurley, Environmental Inequalities; and Christopher H. Foreman Jr., The Promise and Peril of Environmental Justice (Washington, D.C., 1998).
264. Robert M. Morgan, Water and the Land: A History of American Irrigation (Fairfax, Va., 1993); Todd Shallat, Structures in the Stream: Water, Science, and the Rise of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (Austin, Tex., 1994); and Donald C. Jackson, Building the Ultimate Dam: John S. Eastwood and the Control
265. Robert M. Morgan, Water and the Land: A History of American Irrigation (Fairfax, Va., 1993); Todd Shallat, Structures in the Stream: Water, Science, and the Rise of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (Austin, Tex., 1994); and Donald C. Jackson, Building the Ultimate Dam: John S. Eastwood and the Control of Water in the West (Lawrence, Kans., 1995). See also Joseph E. Stevens, Hoover Dam: An American Adventure (Norman, Okla., 1988); Mark S. Foster, Henry J. Kaiser: Builder in the Modern American West (Austin, Tex., 1989); James R. Kluger, Turning on Water with a Shovel: The Career of Elwood Mead (Albuquerque, N. Mex., 1992); Donald E. Wolf, Big Dams and other Dreams: The Six Companies Story (Norman, Okla., 1996); and Daniel W. Schneider, "Enclosing the Flood-plain: Resource Conflict on the Illinois River, 1880-1920," Environmental History 1 (1996): 70-96.
266. Robert M. Morgan, Water and the Land: A History of American Irrigation (Fairfax, Va., 1993); Todd Shallat, Structures in the Stream: Water, Science, and the Rise of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (Austin, Tex., 1994); and Donald C. Jackson, Building the Ultimate Dam: John S. Eastwood and the Control of Water in the West (Lawrence, Kans., 1995). See also Joseph E. Stevens, Hoover Dam: An American Adventure (Norman, Okla., 1988); Mark S. Foster, Henry J. Kaiser: Builder in the Modern American West (Austin, Tex., 1989); James R. Kluger, Turning on Water with a Shovel: The Career of Elwood Mead (Albuquerque, N. Mex., 1992); Donald E. Wolf, Big Dams and other Dreams: The Six Companies Story (Norman, Okla., 1996); and Daniel W. Schneider, "Enclosing the Flood-plain: Resource Conflict on the Illinois River, 1880-1920," Environmental History 1 (1996): 70-96.
267. Robert M. Morgan, Water and the Land: A History of American Irrigation (Fairfax, Va., 1993); Todd Shallat, Structures in the Stream: Water, Science, and the Rise of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (Austin, Tex., 1994); and Donald C. Jackson, Building the Ultimate Dam: John S. Eastwood and the Control of Water in the West (Lawrence, Kans., 1995). See also Joseph E. Stevens, Hoover Dam: An American Adventure (Norman, Okla., 1988); Mark S. Foster, Henry J. Kaiser: Builder in the Modern American West (Austin, Tex., 1989); James R. Kluger, Turning on Water with a Shovel: The Career of Elwood Mead (Albuquerque, N. Mex., 1992); Donald E. Wolf, Big Dams and other Dreams: The Six Companies Story (Norman, Okla., 1996); and Daniel W. Schneider, "Enclosing the Flood-plain: Resource Conflict on the Illinois River, 1880-1920," Environmental History 1 (1996): 70-96.
268. Robert M. Morgan, Water and the Land: A History of American Irrigation (Fairfax, Va., 1993); Todd Shallat, Structures in the Stream: Water, Science, and the Rise of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (Austin, Tex., 1994); and Donald C. Jackson, Building the Ultimate Dam: John S. Eastwood and the Control of Water in the West (Lawrence, Kans., 1995). See also Joseph E. Stevens, Hoover Dam: An American Adventure (Norman, Okla., 1988); Mark S. Foster, Henry J. Kaiser: Builder in the Modern American West (Austin, Tex., 1989); James R. Kluger, Turning on Water with a Shovel: The Career of Elwood Mead (Albuquerque, N. Mex., 1992); Donald E. Wolf, Big Dams and other Dreams: The Six Companies Story (Norman, Okla., 1996); and Daniel W. Schneider, "Enclosing the Flood-plain: Resource Conflict on the Illinois River, 1880-1920," Environmental History 1 (1996): 70-96.
269. Robert M. Morgan, Water and the Land: A History of American Irrigation (Fairfax, Va., 1993); Todd Shallat, Structures in the Stream: Water, Science, and the Rise of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (Austin, Tex., 1994); and Donald C. Jackson, Building the Ultimate Dam: John S. Eastwood and the Control of Water in the West (Lawrence, Kans., 1995). See also Joseph E. Stevens, Hoover Dam: An American Adventure (Norman, Okla., 1988); Mark S. Foster, Henry J. Kaiser: Builder in the Modern American West (Austin, Tex., 1989); James R. Kluger, Turning on Water with a Shovel: The Career of Elwood Mead (Albuquerque, N. Mex., 1992); Donald E. Wolf, Big Dams and other Dreams: The Six Companies Story (Norman, Okla., 1996); and Daniel W. Schneider, "Enclosing the Flood-plain: Resource Conflict on the Illinois River, 1880-1920," Environmental History 1 (1996): 70-96.
270. Robert M. Morgan, Water and the Land: A History of American Irrigation (Fairfax, Va., 1993); Todd Shallat, Structures in the Stream: Water, Science, and the Rise of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (Austin, Tex., 1994); and Donald C. Jackson, Building the Ultimate Dam: John S. Eastwood and the Control of Water in the West (Lawrence, Kans., 1995). See also Joseph E. Stevens, Hoover Dam: An American Adventure (Norman, Okla., 1988); Mark S. Foster, Henry J. Kaiser: Builder in the Modern American West (Austin, Tex., 1989); James R. Kluger, Turning on Water with a Shovel: The Career of Elwood Mead (Albuquerque, N. Mex., 1992); Donald E. Wolf, Big Dams and other Dreams: The Six Companies Story (Norman, Okla., 1996); and Daniel W. Schneider, "Enclosing the Flood-plain: Resource Conflict on the Illinois River, 1880-1920," Environmental History 1 (1996): 70-96.
271. Robert M. Morgan, Water and the Land: A History of American Irrigation (Fairfax, Va., 1993); Todd Shallat, Structures in the Stream: Water, Science, and the Rise of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (Austin, Tex., 1994); and Donald C. Jackson, Building the Ultimate Dam: John S. Eastwood and the Control of Water in the West (Lawrence, Kans., 1995). See also Joseph E. Stevens, Hoover Dam: An American Adventure (Norman, Okla., 1988); Mark S. Foster, Henry J. Kaiser: Builder in the Modern American West (Austin, Tex., 1989); James R. Kluger, Turning on Water with a Shovel: The Career of Elwood Mead (Albuquerque, N. Mex., 1992); Donald E. Wolf, Big Dams and other Dreams: The Six Companies Story (Norman, Okla., 1996); and Daniel W. Schneider, "Enclosing the Flood-plain: Resource Conflict on the Illinois River, 1880-1920," Environmental History 1 (1996): 70-96.
272. A bibliographic treatment of this topic alone would run on for pages. For examples of the most suggestive work, see Philip L. Fradkin, A River No More: The Colorado River and the West (New York, 1981; rev. ed., Berkeley, 1996); Abraham Hoffman, Vision or Villainy: Origins of the Owens Valley-Los Angeles Water Controversy (College Station, Tex., 1981); Robert G. Dunbar, Forging New Rights in Western Waters (Lincoln, Nebr., 1983); Donald J. Pisani, From the Family Farm to Agribusiness: The Irrigation Crusade in California and the West, 1850-1931 (Berkeley, 1984); Donald Worster, Rivers of Empire: Water, Aridity, and the Growth of the American West (New York, 1985); Tim Palmer, Endangered Rivers and the Conservation Movement (Berkeley, 1986); Marc Reisner, Cadillac Desert: The American West and Its Disappearing Water (New York, 1986); Russell Martin, A Story That Stands Like a Dam: Glen Canyon and the Struggle for the Soul of the West (New York, 1989); James Earl Sherow, Watering the Valley: Development along the High Plains Arkansas River, 1870-1950 (Lawrence, Kans., 1990); Norris Hundley jr., The Great Thirst: Californians and Water, 1770s-1990s (Berkeley, 1992); Mark W. T. Harvey, A Symbol of Wilderness: Echo Park and the American Conservation Movement (Albuquerque, N. Mex., 1994); and John E. Thorson, River of Promise: The Politics of Managing the Missouri River (Lawrence, Kans., 1994). The literature on the development of eastern and southern rivers is much slimmer, although the issues at stake are no less important. See, for example, John M. Kauffmann, Flow East: A Look at Our North Atlantic Rivers (New York, 1973); Thomas J. Schoenbaum, The New River Controversy (Winston-Salem, N.C., 1979); Nelson Manfred Blake, Land into Water - Water into Land: A History of Water Management in Florida (Tallahassee, Fla., 1980); Richard C. Albert, Damming the Delaware: The Rise and Fall of Tocks Island Dam (University Park, Pa., 1987); John McPhee, The Control of Nature (New York, 1989), 3-92; Joel A. Tarr and Robert U. Ayres, "Pollution Trends in the Hudson River and Raritan River Basins, 1790-1980," in The Earth as Transformed by Human Action: Global and Regional Changes in the Biosphere over the Past 300 Years, ed. B. L. Turner II et al. (New York, 1990); Susan Q. Stranahan, Susquehana, River of Dreams (Baltimore, 1993); Stine, Mixing the Waters (n. 19 above); Harvey H. Jackson III, Rivers of History: Life on the Coosa, Tallapoosa, Cahaba, and Alabama (Tuscaloosa, Ala., 1995); and Martin Reuss, Designing the Bayous: The Control of Water in the Atchafalaya Basin, 1800-1995 (Alexandria, Va., 1998).
273. A bibliographic treatment of this topic alone would run on for pages. For examples of the most suggestive work, see Philip L. Fradkin, A River No More: The Colorado River and the West (New York, 1981; rev. ed., Berkeley, 1996); Abraham Hoffman, Vision or Villainy: Origins of the Owens Valley-Los Angeles Water Controversy (College Station, Tex., 1981); Robert G. Dunbar, Forging New Rights in Western Waters (Lincoln, Nebr., 1983); Donald J. Pisani, From the Family Farm to Agribusiness: The Irrigation Crusade in California and the West, 1850-1931 (Berkeley, 1984); Donald Worster, Rivers of Empire: Water, Aridity, and the Growth of the American West (New York, 1985); Tim Palmer, Endangered Rivers and the Conservation Movement (Berkeley, 1986); Marc Reisner, Cadillac Desert: The American West and Its Disappearing Water (New York, 1986); Russell Martin, A Story That Stands Like a Dam: Glen Canyon and the Struggle for the Soul of the West (New York, 1989); James Earl Sherow, Watering the Valley: Development along the High Plains Arkansas River, 1870-1950 (Lawrence, Kans., 1990); Norris Hundley jr., The Great Thirst: Californians and Water, 1770s-1990s (Berkeley, 1992); Mark W. T. Harvey, A Symbol of Wilderness: Echo Park and the American Conservation Movement (Albuquerque, N. Mex., 1994); and John E. Thorson, River of Promise: The Politics of Managing the Missouri River (Lawrence, Kans., 1994). The literature on the development of eastern and southern rivers is much slimmer, although the issues at stake are no less important. See, for example, John M. Kauffmann, Flow East: A Look at Our North Atlantic Rivers (New York, 1973); Thomas J. Schoenbaum, The New River Controversy (Winston-Salem, N.C., 1979); Nelson Manfred Blake, Land into Water - Water into Land: A History of Water Management in Florida (Tallahassee, Fla., 1980); Richard C. Albert, Damming the Delaware: The Rise and Fall of Tocks Island Dam (University Park, Pa., 1987); John McPhee, The Control of Nature (New York, 1989), 3-92; Joel A. Tarr and Robert U. Ayres, "Pollution Trends in the Hudson River and Raritan River Basins, 1790-1980," in The Earth as Transformed by Human Action: Global and Regional Changes in the Biosphere over the Past 300 Years, ed. B. L. Turner II et al. (New York, 1990); Susan Q. Stranahan, Susquehana, River of Dreams (Baltimore, 1993); Stine, Mixing the Waters (n. 19 above); Harvey H. Jackson III, Rivers of History: Life on the Coosa, Tallapoosa, Cahaba, and Alabama (Tuscaloosa, Ala., 1995); and Martin Reuss, Designing the Bayous: The Control of Water in the Atchafalaya Basin, 1800-1995 (Alexandria, Va., 1998).
274. A bibliographic treatment of this topic alone would run on for pages. For examples of the most suggestive work, see Philip L. Fradkin, A River No More: The Colorado River and the West (New York, 1981; rev. ed., Berkeley, 1996); Abraham Hoffman, Vision or Villainy: Origins of the Owens Valley-Los Angeles Water Controversy (College Station, Tex., 1981); Robert G. Dunbar, Forging New Rights in Western Waters (Lincoln, Nebr., 1983); Donald J. Pisani, From the Family Farm to Agribusiness: The Irrigation Crusade in California and the West, 1850-1931 (Berkeley, 1984); Donald Worster, Rivers of Empire: Water, Aridity, and the Growth of the American West (New York, 1985); Tim Palmer, Endangered Rivers and the Conservation Movement (Berkeley, 1986); Marc Reisner, Cadillac Desert: The American West and Its Disappearing Water (New York, 1986); Russell Martin, A Story That Stands Like a Dam: Glen Canyon and the Struggle for the Soul of the West (New York, 1989); James Earl Sherow, Watering the Valley: Development along the High Plains Arkansas River, 1870-1950 (Lawrence, Kans., 1990); Norris Hundley jr., The Great Thirst: Californians and Water, 1770s-1990s (Berkeley, 1992); Mark W. T. Harvey, A Symbol of Wilderness: Echo Park and the American Conservation Movement (Albuquerque, N. Mex., 1994); and John E. Thorson, River of Promise: The Politics of Managing the Missouri River (Lawrence, Kans., 1994). The literature on the development of eastern and southern rivers is much slimmer, although the issues at stake are no less important. See, for example, John M. Kauffmann, Flow East: A Look at Our North Atlantic Rivers (New York, 1973); Thomas J. Schoenbaum, The New River Controversy (Winston-Salem, N.C., 1979); Nelson Manfred Blake, Land into Water - Water into Land: A History of Water Management in Florida (Tallahassee, Fla., 1980); Richard C. Albert, Damming the Delaware: The Rise and Fall of Tocks Island Dam (University Park, Pa., 1987); John McPhee, The Control of Nature (New York, 1989), 3-92; Joel A. Tarr and Robert U. Ayres, "Pollution Trends in the Hudson River and Raritan River Basins, 1790-1980," in The Earth as Transformed by Human Action: Global and Regional Changes in the Biosphere over the Past 300 Years, ed. B. L. Turner II et al. (New York, 1990); Susan Q. Stranahan, Susquehana, River of Dreams (Baltimore, 1993); Stine, Mixing the Waters (n. 19 above); Harvey H. Jackson III, Rivers of History: Life on the Coosa, Tallapoosa, Cahaba, and Alabama (Tuscaloosa, Ala., 1995); and Martin Reuss, Designing the Bayous: The Control of Water in the Atchafalaya Basin, 1800-1995 (Alexandria, Va., 1998).
275. A bibliographic treatment of this topic alone would run on for pages. For examples of the most suggestive work, see Philip L. Fradkin, A River No More: The Colorado River and the West (New York, 1981; rev. ed., Berkeley, 1996); Abraham Hoffman, Vision or Villainy: Origins of the Owens Valley-Los Angeles Water Controversy (College Station, Tex., 1981); Robert G. Dunbar, Forging New Rights in Western Waters (Lincoln, Nebr., 1983); Donald J. Pisani, From the Family Farm to Agribusiness: The Irrigation Crusade in California and the West, 1850-1931 (Berkeley, 1984); Donald Worster, Rivers of Empire: Water, Aridity, and the Growth of the American West (New York, 1985); Tim Palmer, Endangered Rivers and the Conservation Movement (Berkeley, 1986); Marc Reisner, Cadillac Desert: The American West and Its Disappearing Water (New York, 1986); Russell Martin, A Story That Stands Like a Dam: Glen Canyon and the Struggle for the Soul of the West (New York, 1989); James Earl Sherow, Watering the Valley: Development along the High Plains Arkansas River, 1870-1950 (Lawrence, Kans., 1990); Norris Hundley jr., The Great Thirst: Californians and Water, 1770s-1990s (Berkeley, 1992); Mark W. T. Harvey, A Symbol of Wilderness: Echo Park and the American Conservation Movement (Albuquerque, N. Mex., 1994); and John E. Thorson, River of Promise: The Politics of Managing the Missouri River (Lawrence, Kans., 1994). The literature on the development of eastern and southern rivers is much slimmer, although the issues at stake are no less important. See, for example, John M. Kauffmann, Flow East: A Look at Our North Atlantic Rivers (New York, 1973); Thomas J. Schoenbaum, The New River Controversy (Winston-Salem, N.C., 1979); Nelson Manfred Blake, Land into Water - Water into Land: A History of Water Management in Florida (Tallahassee, Fla., 1980); Richard C. Albert, Damming the Delaware: The Rise and Fall of Tocks Island Dam (University Park, Pa., 1987); John McPhee, The Control of Nature (New York, 1989), 3-92; Joel A. Tarr and Robert U. Ayres, "Pollution Trends in the Hudson River and Raritan River Basins, 1790-1980," in The Earth as Transformed by Human Action: Global and Regional Changes in the Biosphere over the Past 300 Years, ed. B. L. Turner II et al. (New York, 1990); Susan Q. Stranahan, Susquehana, River of Dreams (Baltimore, 1993); Stine, Mixing the Waters (n. 19 above); Harvey H. Jackson III, Rivers of History: Life on the Coosa, Tallapoosa, Cahaba, and Alabama (Tuscaloosa, Ala., 1995); and Martin Reuss, Designing the Bayous: The Control of Water in the Atchafalaya Basin, 1800-1995 (Alexandria, Va., 1998).
276. A bibliographic treatment of this topic alone would run on for pages. For examples of the most suggestive work, see Philip L. Fradkin, A River No More: The Colorado River and the West (New York, 1981; rev. ed., Berkeley, 1996); Abraham Hoffman, Vision or Villainy: Origins of the Owens Valley-Los Angeles Water Controversy (College Station, Tex., 1981); Robert G. Dunbar, Forging New Rights in Western Waters (Lincoln, Nebr., 1983); Donald J. Pisani, From the Family Farm to Agribusiness: The Irrigation Crusade in California and the West, 1850-1931 (Berkeley, 1984); Donald Worster, Rivers of Empire: Water, Aridity, and the Growth of the American West (New York, 1985); Tim Palmer, Endangered Rivers and the Conservation Movement (Berkeley, 1986); Marc Reisner, Cadillac Desert: The American West and Its Disappearing Water (New York, 1986); Russell Martin, A Story That Stands Like a Dam: Glen Canyon and the Struggle for the Soul of the West (New York, 1989); James Earl Sherow, Watering the Valley: Development along the High Plains Arkansas River, 1870-1950 (Lawrence, Kans., 1990); Norris Hundley jr., The Great Thirst: Californians and Water, 1770s-1990s (Berkeley, 1992); Mark W. T. Harvey, A Symbol of Wilderness: Echo Park and the American Conservation Movement (Albuquerque, N. Mex., 1994); and John E. Thorson, River of Promise: The Politics of Managing the Missouri River (Lawrence, Kans., 1994). The literature on the development of eastern and southern rivers is much slimmer, although the issues at stake are no less important. See, for example, John M. Kauffmann, Flow East: A Look at Our North Atlantic Rivers (New York, 1973); Thomas J. Schoenbaum, The New River Controversy (Winston-Salem, N.C., 1979); Nelson Manfred Blake, Land into Water - Water into Land: A History of Water Management in Florida (Tallahassee, Fla., 1980); Richard C. Albert, Damming the Delaware: The Rise and Fall of Tocks Island Dam (University Park, Pa., 1987); John McPhee, The Control of Nature (New York, 1989), 3-92; Joel A. Tarr and Robert U. Ayres, "Pollution Trends in the Hudson River and Raritan River Basins, 1790-1980," in The Earth as Transformed by Human Action: Global and Regional Changes in the Biosphere over the Past 300 Years, ed. B. L. Turner II et al. (New York, 1990); Susan Q. Stranahan, Susquehana, River of Dreams (Baltimore, 1993); Stine, Mixing the Waters (n. 19 above); Harvey H. Jackson III, Rivers of History: Life on the Coosa, Tallapoosa, Cahaba, and Alabama (Tuscaloosa, Ala., 1995); and Martin Reuss, Designing the Bayous: The Control of Water in the Atchafalaya Basin, 1800-1995 (Alexandria, Va., 1998).
277. A bibliographic treatment of this topic alone would run on for pages. For examples of the most suggestive work, see Philip L. Fradkin, A River No More: The Colorado River and the West (New York, 1981; rev. ed., Berkeley, 1996); Abraham Hoffman, Vision or Villainy: Origins of the Owens Valley-Los Angeles Water Controversy (College Station, Tex., 1981); Robert G. Dunbar, Forging New Rights in Western Waters (Lincoln, Nebr., 1983); Donald J. Pisani, From the Family Farm to Agribusiness: The Irrigation Crusade in California and the West, 1850-1931 (Berkeley, 1984); Donald Worster, Rivers of Empire: Water, Aridity, and the Growth of the American West (New York, 1985); Tim Palmer, Endangered Rivers and the Conservation Movement (Berkeley, 1986); Marc Reisner, Cadillac Desert: The American West and Its Disappearing Water (New York, 1986); Russell Martin, A Story That Stands Like a Dam: Glen Canyon and the Struggle for the Soul of the West (New York, 1989); James Earl Sherow, Watering the Valley: Development along the High Plains Arkansas River, 1870-1950 (Lawrence, Kans., 1990); Norris Hundley jr., The Great Thirst: Californians and Water, 1770s-1990s (Berkeley, 1992); Mark W. T. Harvey, A Symbol of Wilderness: Echo Park and the American Conservation Movement (Albuquerque, N. Mex., 1994); and John E. Thorson, River of Promise: The Politics of Managing the Missouri River (Lawrence, Kans., 1994). The literature on the development of eastern and southern rivers is much slimmer, although the issues at stake are no less important. See, for example, John M. Kauffmann, Flow East: A Look at Our North Atlantic Rivers (New York, 1973); Thomas J. Schoenbaum, The New River Controversy (Winston-Salem, N.C., 1979); Nelson Manfred Blake, Land into Water - Water into Land: A History of Water Management in Florida (Tallahassee, Fla., 1980); Richard C. Albert, Damming the Delaware: The Rise and Fall of Tocks Island Dam (University Park, Pa., 1987); John McPhee, The Control of Nature (New York, 1989), 3-92; Joel A. Tarr and Robert U. Ayres, "Pollution Trends in the Hudson River and Raritan River Basins, 1790-1980," in The Earth as Transformed by Human Action: Global and Regional Changes in the Biosphere over the Past 300 Years, ed. B. L. Turner II et al. (New York, 1990); Susan Q. Stranahan, Susquehana, River of Dreams (Baltimore, 1993); Stine, Mixing the Waters (n. 19 above); Harvey H. Jackson III, Rivers of History: Life on the Coosa, Tallapoosa, Cahaba, and Alabama (Tuscaloosa, Ala., 1995); and Martin Reuss, Designing the Bayous: The Control of Water in the Atchafalaya Basin, 1800-1995 (Alexandria, Va., 1998).
278. A bibliographic treatment of this topic alone would run on for pages. For examples of the most suggestive work, see Philip L. Fradkin, A River No More: The Colorado River and the West (New York, 1981; rev. ed., Berkeley, 1996); Abraham Hoffman, Vision or Villainy: Origins of the Owens Valley-Los Angeles Water Controversy (College Station, Tex., 1981); Robert G. Dunbar, Forging New Rights in Western Waters (Lincoln, Nebr., 1983); Donald J. Pisani, From the Family Farm to Agribusiness: The Irrigation Crusade in California and the West, 1850-1931 (Berkeley, 1984); Donald Worster, Rivers of Empire: Water, Aridity, and the Growth of the American West (New York, 1985); Tim Palmer, Endangered Rivers and the Conservation Movement (Berkeley, 1986); Marc Reisner, Cadillac Desert: The American West and Its Disappearing Water (New York, 1986); Russell Martin, A Story That Stands Like a Dam: Glen Canyon and the Struggle for the Soul of the West (New York, 1989); James Earl Sherow, Watering the Valley: Development along the High Plains Arkansas River, 1870-1950 (Lawrence, Kans., 1990); Norris Hundley jr., The Great Thirst: Californians and Water, 1770s-1990s (Berkeley, 1992); Mark W. T. Harvey, A Symbol of Wilderness: Echo Park and the American Conservation Movement (Albuquerque, N. Mex., 1994); and John E. Thorson, River of Promise: The Politics of Managing the Missouri River (Lawrence, Kans., 1994). The literature on the development of eastern and southern rivers is much slimmer, although the issues at stake are no less important. See, for example, John M. Kauffmann, Flow East: A Look at Our North Atlantic Rivers (New York, 1973); Thomas J. Schoenbaum, The New River Controversy (Winston-Salem, N.C., 1979); Nelson Manfred Blake, Land into Water - Water into Land: A History of Water Management in Florida (Tallahassee, Fla., 1980); Richard C. Albert, Damming the Delaware: The Rise and Fall of Tocks Island Dam (University Park, Pa., 1987); John McPhee, The Control of Nature (New York, 1989), 3-92; Joel A. Tarr and Robert U. Ayres, "Pollution Trends in the Hudson River and Raritan River Basins, 1790-1980," in The Earth as Transformed by Human Action: Global and Regional Changes in the Biosphere over the Past 300 Years, ed. B. L. Turner II et al. (New York, 1990); Susan Q. Stranahan, Susquehana, River of Dreams (Baltimore, 1993); Stine, Mixing the Waters (n. 19 above); Harvey H. Jackson III, Rivers of History: Life on the Coosa, Tallapoosa, Cahaba, and Alabama (Tuscaloosa, Ala., 1995); and Martin Reuss, Designing the Bayous: The Control of Water in the Atchafalaya Basin, 1800-1995 (Alexandria, Va., 1998).
279. A bibliographic treatment of this topic alone would run on for pages. For examples of the most suggestive work, see Philip L. Fradkin, A River No More: The Colorado River and the West (New York, 1981; rev. ed., Berkeley, 1996); Abraham Hoffman, Vision or Villainy: Origins of the Owens Valley-Los Angeles Water Controversy (College Station, Tex., 1981); Robert G. Dunbar, Forging New Rights in Western Waters (Lincoln, Nebr., 1983); Donald J. Pisani, From the Family Farm to Agribusiness: The Irrigation Crusade in California and the West, 1850-1931 (Berkeley, 1984); Donald Worster, Rivers of Empire: Water, Aridity, and the Growth of the American West (New York, 1985); Tim Palmer, Endangered Rivers and the Conservation Movement (Berkeley, 1986); Marc Reisner, Cadillac Desert: The American West and Its Disappearing Water (New York, 1986); Russell Martin, A Story That Stands Like a Dam: Glen Canyon and the Struggle for the Soul of the West (New York, 1989); James Earl Sherow, Watering the Valley: Development along the High Plains Arkansas River, 1870-1950 (Lawrence, Kans., 1990); Norris Hundley jr., The Great Thirst: Californians and Water, 1770s-1990s (Berkeley, 1992); Mark W. T. Harvey, A Symbol of Wilderness: Echo Park and the American Conservation Movement (Albuquerque, N. Mex., 1994); and John E. Thorson, River of Promise: The Politics of Managing the Missouri River (Lawrence, Kans., 1994). The literature on the development of eastern and southern rivers is much slimmer, although the issues at stake are no less important. See, for example, John M. Kauffmann, Flow East: A Look at Our North Atlantic Rivers (New York, 1973); Thomas J. Schoenbaum, The New River Controversy (Winston-Salem, N.C., 1979); Nelson Manfred Blake, Land into Water - Water into Land: A History of Water Management in Florida (Tallahassee, Fla., 1980); Richard C. Albert, Damming the Delaware: The Rise and Fall of Tocks Island Dam (University Park, Pa., 1987); John McPhee, The Control of Nature (New York, 1989), 3-92; Joel A. Tarr and Robert U. Ayres, "Pollution Trends in the Hudson River and Raritan River Basins, 1790-1980," in The Earth as Transformed by Human Action: Global and Regional Changes in the Biosphere over the Past 300 Years, ed. B. L. Turner II et al. (New York, 1990); Susan Q. Stranahan, Susquehana, River of Dreams (Baltimore, 1993); Stine, Mixing the Waters (n. 19 above); Harvey H. Jackson III, Rivers of History: Life on the Coosa, Tallapoosa, Cahaba, and Alabama (Tuscaloosa, Ala., 1995); and Martin Reuss, Designing the Bayous: The Control of Water in the Atchafalaya Basin, 1800-1995 (Alexandria, Va., 1998).
280. A bibliographic treatment of this topic alone would run on for pages. For examples of the most suggestive work, see Philip L. Fradkin, A River No More: The Colorado River and the West (New York, 1981; rev. ed., Berkeley, 1996); Abraham Hoffman, Vision or Villainy: Origins of the Owens Valley-Los Angeles Water Controversy (College Station, Tex., 1981); Robert G. Dunbar, Forging New Rights in Western Waters (Lincoln, Nebr., 1983); Donald J. Pisani, From the Family Farm to Agribusiness: The Irrigation Crusade in California and the West, 1850-1931 (Berkeley, 1984); Donald Worster, Rivers of Empire: Water, Aridity, and the Growth of the American West (New York, 1985); Tim Palmer, Endangered Rivers and the Conservation Movement (Berkeley, 1986); Marc Reisner, Cadillac Desert: The American West and Its Disappearing Water (New York, 1986); Russell Martin, A Story That Stands Like a Dam: Glen Canyon and the Struggle for the Soul of the West (New York, 1989); James Earl Sherow, Watering the Valley: Development along the High Plains Arkansas River, 1870-1950 (Lawrence, Kans., 1990); Norris Hundley jr., The Great Thirst: Californians and Water, 1770s-1990s (Berkeley, 1992); Mark W. T. Harvey, A Symbol of Wilderness: Echo Park and the American Conservation Movement (Albuquerque, N. Mex., 1994); and John E. Thorson, River of Promise: The Politics of Managing the Missouri River (Lawrence, Kans., 1994). The literature on the development of eastern and southern rivers is much slimmer, although the issues at stake are no less important. See, for example, John M. Kauffmann, Flow East: A Look at Our North Atlantic Rivers (New York, 1973); Thomas J. Schoenbaum, The New River Controversy (Winston-Salem, N.C., 1979); Nelson Manfred Blake, Land into Water - Water into Land: A History of Water Management in Florida (Tallahassee, Fla., 1980); Richard C. Albert, Damming the Delaware: The Rise and Fall of Tocks Island Dam (University Park, Pa., 1987); John McPhee, The Control of Nature (New York, 1989), 3-92; Joel A. Tarr and Robert U. Ayres, "Pollution Trends in the Hudson River and Raritan River Basins, 1790-1980," in The Earth as Transformed by Human Action: Global and Regional Changes in the Biosphere over the Past 300 Years, ed. B. L. Turner II et al. (New York, 1990); Susan Q. Stranahan, Susquehana, River of Dreams (Baltimore, 1993); Stine, Mixing the Waters (n. 19 above); Harvey H. Jackson III, Rivers of History: Life on the Coosa, Tallapoosa, Cahaba, and Alabama (Tuscaloosa, Ala., 1995); and Martin Reuss, Designing the Bayous: The Control of Water in the Atchafalaya Basin, 1800-1995 (Alexandria, Va., 1998).
281. A bibliographic treatment of this topic alone would run on for pages. For examples of the most suggestive work, see Philip L. Fradkin, A River No More: The Colorado River and the West (New York, 1981; rev. ed., Berkeley, 1996); Abraham Hoffman, Vision or Villainy: Origins of the Owens Valley-Los Angeles Water Controversy (College Station, Tex., 1981); Robert G. Dunbar, Forging New Rights in Western Waters (Lincoln, Nebr., 1983); Donald J. Pisani, From the Family Farm to Agribusiness: The Irrigation Crusade in California and the West, 1850-1931 (Berkeley, 1984); Donald Worster, Rivers of Empire: Water, Aridity, and the Growth of the American West (New York, 1985); Tim Palmer, Endangered Rivers and the Conservation Movement (Berkeley, 1986); Marc Reisner, Cadillac Desert: The American West and Its Disappearing Water (New York, 1986); Russell Martin, A Story That Stands Like a Dam: Glen Canyon and the Struggle for the Soul of the West (New York, 1989); James Earl Sherow, Watering the Valley: Development along the High Plains Arkansas River, 1870-1950 (Lawrence, Kans., 1990); Norris Hundley jr., The Great Thirst: Californians and Water, 1770s-1990s (Berkeley, 1992); Mark W. T. Harvey, A Symbol of Wilderness: Echo Park and the American Conservation Movement (Albuquerque, N. Mex., 1994); and John E. Thorson, River of Promise: The Politics of Managing the Missouri River (Lawrence, Kans., 1994). The literature on the development of eastern and southern rivers is much slimmer, although the issues at stake are no less important. See, for example, John M. Kauffmann, Flow East: A Look at Our North Atlantic Rivers (New York, 1973); Thomas J. Schoenbaum, The New River Controversy (Winston-Salem, N.C., 1979); Nelson Manfred Blake, Land into Water - Water into Land: A History of Water Management in Florida (Tallahassee, Fla., 1980); Richard C. Albert, Damming the Delaware: The Rise and Fall of Tocks Island Dam (University Park, Pa., 1987); John McPhee, The Control of Nature (New York, 1989), 3-92; Joel A. Tarr and Robert U. Ayres, "Pollution Trends in the Hudson River and Raritan River Basins, 1790-1980," in The Earth as Transformed by Human Action: Global and Regional Changes in the Biosphere over the Past 300 Years, ed. B. L. Turner II et al. (New York, 1990); Susan Q. Stranahan, Susquehana, River of Dreams (Baltimore, 1993); Stine, Mixing the Waters (n. 19 above); Harvey H. Jackson III, Rivers of History: Life on the Coosa, Tallapoosa, Cahaba, and Alabama (Tuscaloosa, Ala., 1995); and Martin Reuss, Designing the Bayous: The Control of Water in the Atchafalaya Basin, 1800-1995 (Alexandria, Va., 1998).
282. A bibliographic treatment of this topic alone would run on for pages. For examples of the most suggestive work, see Philip L. Fradkin, A River No More: The Colorado River and the West (New York, 1981; rev. ed., Berkeley, 1996); Abraham Hoffman, Vision or Villainy: Origins of the Owens Valley-Los Angeles Water Controversy (College Station, Tex., 1981); Robert G. Dunbar, Forging New Rights in Western Waters (Lincoln, Nebr., 1983); Donald J. Pisani, From the Family Farm to Agribusiness: The Irrigation Crusade in California and the West, 1850-1931 (Berkeley, 1984); Donald Worster, Rivers of Empire: Water, Aridity, and the Growth of the American West (New York, 1985); Tim Palmer, Endangered Rivers and the Conservation Movement (Berkeley, 1986); Marc Reisner, Cadillac Desert: The American West and Its Disappearing Water (New York, 1986); Russell Martin, A Story That Stands Like a Dam: Glen Canyon and the Struggle for the Soul of the West (New York, 1989); James Earl Sherow, Watering the Valley: Development along the High Plains Arkansas River, 1870-1950 (Lawrence, Kans., 1990); Norris Hundley jr., The Great Thirst: Californians and Water, 1770s-1990s (Berkeley, 1992); Mark W. T. Harvey, A Symbol of Wilderness: Echo Park and the American Conservation Movement (Albuquerque, N. Mex., 1994); and John E. Thorson, River of Promise: The Politics of Managing the Missouri River (Lawrence, Kans., 1994). The literature on the development of eastern and southern rivers is much slimmer, although the issues at stake are no less important. See, for example, John M. Kauffmann, Flow East: A Look at Our North Atlantic Rivers (New York, 1973); Thomas J. Schoenbaum, The New River Controversy (Winston-Salem, N.C., 1979); Nelson Manfred Blake, Land into Water - Water into Land: A History of Water Management in Florida (Tallahassee, Fla., 1980); Richard C. Albert, Damming the Delaware: The Rise and Fall of Tocks Island Dam (University Park, Pa., 1987); John McPhee, The Control of Nature (New York, 1989), 3-92; Joel A. Tarr and Robert U. Ayres, "Pollution Trends in the Hudson River and Raritan River Basins, 1790-1980," in The Earth as Transformed by Human Action: Global and Regional Changes in the Biosphere over the Past 300 Years, ed. B. L. Turner II et al. (New York, 1990); Susan Q. Stranahan, Susquehana, River of Dreams (Baltimore, 1993); Stine, Mixing the Waters (n. 19 above); Harvey H. Jackson III, Rivers of History: Life on the Coosa, Tallapoosa, Cahaba, and Alabama (Tuscaloosa, Ala., 1995); and Martin Reuss, Designing the Bayous: The Control of Water in the Atchafalaya Basin, 1800-1995 (Alexandria, Va., 1998).
283. A bibliographic treatment of this topic alone would run on for pages. For examples of the most suggestive work, see Philip L. Fradkin, A River No More: The Colorado River and the West (New York, 1981; rev. ed., Berkeley, 1996); Abraham Hoffman, Vision or Villainy: Origins of the Owens Valley-Los Angeles Water Controversy (College Station, Tex., 1981); Robert G. Dunbar, Forging New Rights in Western Waters (Lincoln, Nebr., 1983); Donald J. Pisani, From the Family Farm to Agribusiness: The Irrigation Crusade in California and the West, 1850-1931 (Berkeley, 1984); Donald Worster, Rivers of Empire: Water, Aridity, and the Growth of the American West (New York, 1985); Tim Palmer, Endangered Rivers and the Conservation Movement (Berkeley, 1986); Marc Reisner, Cadillac Desert: The American West and Its Disappearing Water (New York, 1986); Russell Martin, A Story That Stands Like a Dam: Glen Canyon and the Struggle for the Soul of the West (New York, 1989); James Earl Sherow, Watering the Valley: Development along the High Plains Arkansas River, 1870-1950 (Lawrence, Kans., 1990); Norris Hundley jr., The Great Thirst: Californians and Water, 1770s-1990s (Berkeley, 1992); Mark W. T. Harvey, A Symbol of Wilderness: Echo Park and the American Conservation Movement (Albuquerque, N. Mex., 1994); and John E. Thorson, River of Promise: The Politics of Managing the Missouri River (Lawrence, Kans., 1994). The literature on the development of eastern and southern rivers is much slimmer, although the issues at stake are no less important. See, for example, John M. Kauffmann, Flow East: A Look at Our North Atlantic Rivers (New York, 1973); Thomas J. Schoenbaum, The New River Controversy (Winston-Salem, N.C., 1979); Nelson Manfred Blake, Land into Water - Water into Land: A History of Water Management in Florida (Tallahassee, Fla., 1980); Richard C. Albert, Damming the Delaware: The Rise and Fall of Tocks Island Dam (University Park, Pa., 1987); John McPhee, The Control of Nature (New York, 1989), 3-92; Joel A. Tarr and Robert U. Ayres, "Pollution Trends in the Hudson River and Raritan River Basins, 1790-1980," in The Earth as Transformed by Human Action: Global and Regional Changes in the Biosphere over the Past 300 Years, ed. B. L. Turner II et al. (New York, 1990); Susan Q. Stranahan, Susquehana, River of Dreams (Baltimore, 1993); Stine, Mixing the Waters (n. 19 above); Harvey H. Jackson III, Rivers of History: Life on the Coosa, Tallapoosa, Cahaba, and Alabama (Tuscaloosa, Ala., 1995); and Martin Reuss, Designing the Bayous: The Control of Water in the Atchafalaya Basin, 1800-1995 (Alexandria, Va., 1998).
284. A bibliographic treatment of this topic alone would run on for pages. For examples of the most suggestive work, see Philip L. Fradkin, A River No More: The Colorado River and the West (New York, 1981; rev. ed., Berkeley, 1996); Abraham Hoffman, Vision or Villainy: Origins of the Owens Valley-Los Angeles Water Controversy (College Station, Tex., 1981); Robert G. Dunbar, Forging New Rights in Western Waters (Lincoln, Nebr., 1983); Donald J. Pisani, From the Family Farm to Agribusiness: The Irrigation Crusade in California and the West, 1850-1931 (Berkeley, 1984); Donald Worster, Rivers of Empire: Water, Aridity, and the Growth of the American West (New York, 1985); Tim Palmer, Endangered Rivers and the Conservation Movement (Berkeley, 1986); Marc Reisner, Cadillac Desert: The American West and Its Disappearing Water (New York, 1986); Russell Martin, A Story That Stands Like a Dam: Glen Canyon and the Struggle for the Soul of the West (New York, 1989); James Earl Sherow, Watering the Valley: Development along the High Plains Arkansas River, 1870-1950 (Lawrence, Kans., 1990); Norris Hundley jr., The Great Thirst: Californians and Water, 1770s-1990s (Berkeley, 1992); Mark W. T. Harvey, A Symbol of Wilderness: Echo Park and the American Conservation Movement (Albuquerque, N. Mex., 1994); and John E. Thorson, River of Promise: The Politics of Managing the Missouri River (Lawrence, Kans., 1994). The literature on the development of eastern and southern rivers is much slimmer, although the issues at stake are no less important. See, for example, John M. Kauffmann, Flow East: A Look at Our North Atlantic Rivers (New York, 1973); Thomas J. Schoenbaum, The New River Controversy (Winston-Salem, N.C., 1979); Nelson Manfred Blake, Land into Water - Water into Land: A History of Water Management in Florida (Tallahassee, Fla., 1980); Richard C. Albert, Damming the Delaware: The Rise and Fall of Tocks Island Dam (University Park, Pa., 1987); John McPhee, The Control of Nature (New York, 1989), 3-92; Joel A. Tarr and Robert U. Ayres, "Pollution Trends in the Hudson River and Raritan River Basins, 1790-1980," in The Earth as Transformed by Human Action: Global and Regional Changes in the Biosphere over the Past 300 Years, ed. B. L. Turner II et al. (New York, 1990); Susan Q. Stranahan, Susquehana, River of Dreams (Baltimore, 1993); Stine, Mixing the Waters (n. 19 above); Harvey H. Jackson III, Rivers of History: Life on the Coosa, Tallapoosa, Cahaba, and Alabama (Tuscaloosa, Ala., 1995); and Martin Reuss, Designing the Bayous: The Control of Water in the Atchafalaya Basin, 1800-1995 (Alexandria, Va., 1998).
285. A bibliographic treatment of this topic alone would run on for pages. For examples of the most suggestive work, see Philip L. Fradkin, A River No More: The Colorado River and the West (New York, 1981; rev. ed., Berkeley, 1996); Abraham Hoffman, Vision or Villainy: Origins of the Owens Valley-Los Angeles Water Controversy (College Station, Tex., 1981); Robert G. Dunbar, Forging New Rights in Western Waters (Lincoln, Nebr., 1983); Donald J. Pisani, From the Family Farm to Agribusiness: The Irrigation Crusade in California and the West, 1850-1931 (Berkeley, 1984); Donald Worster, Rivers of Empire: Water, Aridity, and the Growth of the American West (New York, 1985); Tim Palmer, Endangered Rivers and the Conservation Movement (Berkeley, 1986); Marc Reisner, Cadillac Desert: The American West and Its Disappearing Water (New York, 1986); Russell Martin, A Story That Stands Like a Dam: Glen Canyon and the Struggle for the Soul of the West (New York, 1989); James Earl Sherow, Watering the Valley: Development along the High Plains Arkansas River, 1870-1950 (Lawrence, Kans., 1990); Norris Hundley jr., The Great Thirst: Californians and Water, 1770s-1990s (Berkeley, 1992); Mark W. T. Harvey, A Symbol of Wilderness: Echo Park and the American Conservation Movement (Albuquerque, N. Mex., 1994); and John E. Thorson, River of Promise: The Politics of Managing the Missouri River (Lawrence, Kans., 1994). The literature on the development of eastern and southern rivers is much slimmer, although the issues at stake are no less important. See, for example, John M. Kauffmann, Flow East: A Look at Our North Atlantic Rivers (New York, 1973); Thomas J. Schoenbaum, The New River Controversy (Winston-Salem, N.C., 1979); Nelson Manfred Blake, Land into Water - Water into Land: A History of Water Management in Florida (Tallahassee, Fla., 1980); Richard C. Albert, Damming the Delaware: The Rise and Fall of Tocks Island Dam (University Park, Pa., 1987); John McPhee, The Control of Nature (New York, 1989), 3-92; Joel A. Tarr and Robert U. Ayres, "Pollution Trends in the Hudson River and Raritan River Basins, 1790-1980," in The Earth as Transformed by Human Action: Global and Regional Changes in the Biosphere over the Past 300 Years, ed. B. L. Turner II et al. (New York, 1990); Susan Q. Stranahan, Susquehana, River of Dreams (Baltimore, 1993); Stine, Mixing the Waters (n. 19 above); Harvey H. Jackson III, Rivers of History: Life on the Coosa, Tallapoosa, Cahaba, and Alabama (Tuscaloosa, Ala., 1995); and Martin Reuss, Designing the Bayous: The Control of Water in the Atchafalaya Basin, 1800-1995 (Alexandria, Va., 1998).
286. A bibliographic treatment of this topic alone would run on for pages. For examples of the most suggestive work, see Philip L. Fradkin, A River No More: The Colorado River and the West (New York, 1981; rev. ed., Berkeley, 1996); Abraham Hoffman, Vision or Villainy: Origins of the Owens Valley-Los Angeles Water Controversy (College Station, Tex., 1981); Robert G. Dunbar, Forging New Rights in Western Waters (Lincoln, Nebr., 1983); Donald J. Pisani, From the Family Farm to Agribusiness: The Irrigation Crusade in California and the West, 1850-1931 (Berkeley, 1984); Donald Worster, Rivers of Empire: Water, Aridity, and the Growth of the American West (New York, 1985); Tim Palmer, Endangered Rivers and the Conservation Movement (Berkeley, 1986); Marc Reisner, Cadillac Desert: The American West and Its Disappearing Water (New York, 1986); Russell Martin, A Story That Stands Like a Dam: Glen Canyon and the Struggle for the Soul of the West (New York, 1989); James Earl Sherow, Watering the Valley: Development along the High Plains Arkansas River, 1870-1950 (Lawrence, Kans., 1990); Norris Hundley jr., The Great Thirst: Californians and Water, 1770s-1990s (Berkeley, 1992); Mark W. T. Harvey, A Symbol of Wilderness: Echo Park and the American Conservation Movement (Albuquerque, N. Mex., 1994); and John E. Thorson, River of Promise: The Politics of Managing the Missouri River (Lawrence, Kans., 1994). The literature on the development of eastern and southern rivers is much slimmer, although the issues at stake are no less important. See, for example, John M. Kauffmann, Flow East: A Look at Our North Atlantic Rivers (New York, 1973); Thomas J. Schoenbaum, The New River Controversy (Winston-Salem, N.C., 1979); Nelson Manfred Blake, Land into Water - Water into Land: A History of Water Management in Florida (Tallahassee, Fla., 1980); Richard C. Albert, Damming the Delaware: The Rise and Fall of Tocks Island Dam (University Park, Pa., 1987); John McPhee, The Control of Nature (New York, 1989), 3-92; Joel A. Tarr and Robert U. Ayres, "Pollution Trends in the Hudson River and Raritan River Basins, 1790-1980," in The Earth as Transformed by Human Action: Global and Regional Changes in the Biosphere over the Past 300 Years, ed. B. L. Turner II et al. (New York, 1990); Susan Q. Stranahan, Susquehana, River of Dreams (Baltimore, 1993); Stine, Mixing the Waters (n. 19 above); Harvey H. Jackson III, Rivers of History: Life on the Coosa, Tallapoosa, Cahaba, and Alabama (Tuscaloosa, Ala., 1995); and Martin Reuss, Designing the Bayous: The Control of Water in the Atchafalaya Basin, 1800-1995 (Alexandria, Va., 1998).
287. A bibliographic treatment of this topic alone would run on for pages. For examples of the most suggestive work, see Philip L. Fradkin, A River No More: The Colorado River and the West (New York, 1981; rev. ed., Berkeley, 1996); Abraham Hoffman, Vision or Villainy: Origins of the Owens Valley-Los Angeles Water Controversy (College Station, Tex., 1981); Robert G. Dunbar, Forging New Rights in Western Waters (Lincoln, Nebr., 1983); Donald J. Pisani, From the Family Farm to Agribusiness: The Irrigation Crusade in California and the West, 1850-1931 (Berkeley, 1984); Donald Worster, Rivers of Empire: Water, Aridity, and the Growth of the American West (New York, 1985); Tim Palmer, Endangered Rivers and the Conservation Movement (Berkeley, 1986); Marc Reisner, Cadillac Desert: The American West and Its Disappearing Water (New York, 1986); Russell Martin, A Story That Stands Like a Dam: Glen Canyon and the Struggle for the Soul of the West (New York, 1989); James Earl Sherow, Watering the Valley: Development along the High Plains Arkansas River, 1870-1950 (Lawrence, Kans., 1990); Norris Hundley jr., The Great Thirst: Californians and Water, 1770s-1990s (Berkeley, 1992); Mark W. T. Harvey, A Symbol of Wilderness: Echo Park and the American Conservation Movement (Albuquerque, N. Mex., 1994); and John E. Thorson, River of Promise: The Politics of Managing the Missouri River (Lawrence, Kans., 1994). The literature on the development of eastern and southern rivers is much slimmer, although the issues at stake are no less important. See, for example, John M. Kauffmann, Flow East: A Look at Our North Atlantic Rivers (New York, 1973); Thomas J. Schoenbaum, The New River Controversy (Winston-Salem, N.C., 1979); Nelson Manfred Blake, Land into Water - Water into Land: A History of Water Management in Florida (Tallahassee, Fla., 1980); Richard C. Albert, Damming the Delaware: The Rise and Fall of Tocks Island Dam (University Park, Pa., 1987); John McPhee, The Control of Nature (New York, 1989), 3-92; Joel A. Tarr and Robert U. Ayres, "Pollution Trends in the Hudson River and Raritan River Basins, 1790-1980," in The Earth as Transformed by Human Action: Global and Regional Changes in the Biosphere over the Past 300 Years, ed. B. L. Turner II et al. (New York, 1990); Susan Q. Stranahan, Susquehana, River of Dreams (Baltimore, 1993); Stine, Mixing the Waters (n. 19 above); Harvey H. Jackson III, Rivers of History: Life on the Coosa, Tallapoosa, Cahaba, and Alabama (Tuscaloosa, Ala., 1995); and Martin Reuss, Designing the Bayous: The Control of Water in the Atchafalaya Basin, 1800-1995 (Alexandria, Va., 1998).
288. A bibliographic treatment of this topic alone would run on for pages. For examples of the most suggestive work, see Philip L. Fradkin, A River No More: The Colorado River and the West (New York, 1981; rev. ed., Berkeley, 1996); Abraham Hoffman, Vision or Villainy: Origins of the Owens Valley-Los Angeles Water Controversy (College Station, Tex., 1981); Robert G. Dunbar, Forging New Rights in Western Waters (Lincoln, Nebr., 1983); Donald J. Pisani, From the Family Farm to Agribusiness: The Irrigation Crusade in California and the West, 1850-1931 (Berkeley, 1984); Donald Worster, Rivers of Empire: Water, Aridity, and the Growth of the American West (New York, 1985); Tim Palmer, Endangered Rivers and the Conservation Movement (Berkeley, 1986); Marc Reisner, Cadillac Desert: The American West and Its Disappearing Water (New York, 1986); Russell Martin, A Story That Stands Like a Dam: Glen Canyon and the Struggle for the Soul of the West (New York, 1989); James Earl Sherow, Watering the Valley: Development along the High Plains Arkansas River, 1870-1950 (Lawrence, Kans., 1990); Norris Hundley jr., The Great Thirst: Californians and Water, 1770s-1990s (Berkeley, 1992); Mark W. T. Harvey, A Symbol of Wilderness: Echo Park and the American Conservation Movement (Albuquerque, N. Mex., 1994); and John E. Thorson, River of Promise: The Politics of Managing the Missouri River (Lawrence, Kans., 1994). The literature on the development of eastern and southern rivers is much slimmer, although the issues at stake are no less important. See, for example, John M. Kauffmann, Flow East: A Look at Our North Atlantic Rivers (New York, 1973); Thomas J. Schoenbaum, The New River Controversy (Winston-Salem, N.C., 1979); Nelson Manfred Blake, Land into Water - Water into Land: A History of Water Management in Florida (Tallahassee, Fla., 1980); Richard C. Albert, Damming the Delaware: The Rise and Fall of Tocks Island Dam (University Park, Pa., 1987); John McPhee, The Control of Nature (New York, 1989), 3-92; Joel A. Tarr and Robert U. Ayres, "Pollution Trends in the Hudson River and Raritan River Basins, 1790-1980," in The Earth as Transformed by Human Action: Global and Regional Changes in the Biosphere over the Past 300 Years, ed. B. L. Turner II et al. (New York, 1990); Susan Q. Stranahan, Susquehana, River of Dreams (Baltimore, 1993); Stine, Mixing the Waters (n. 19 above); Harvey H. Jackson III, Rivers of History: Life on the Coosa, Tallapoosa, Cahaba, and Alabama (Tuscaloosa, Ala., 1995); and Martin Reuss, Designing the Bayous: The Control of Water in the Atchafalaya Basin, 1800-1995 (Alexandria, Va., 1998).
289. A bibliographic treatment of this topic alone would run on for pages. For examples of the most suggestive work, see Philip L. Fradkin, A River No More: The Colorado River and the West (New York, 1981; rev. ed., Berkeley, 1996); Abraham Hoffman, Vision or Villainy: Origins of the Owens Valley-Los Angeles Water Controversy (College Station, Tex., 1981); Robert G. Dunbar, Forging New Rights in Western Waters (Lincoln, Nebr., 1983); Donald J. Pisani, From the Family Farm to Agribusiness: The Irrigation Crusade in California and the West, 1850-1931 (Berkeley, 1984); Donald Worster, Rivers of Empire: Water, Aridity, and the Growth of the American West (New York, 1985); Tim Palmer, Endangered Rivers and the Conservation Movement (Berkeley, 1986); Marc Reisner, Cadillac Desert: The American West and Its Disappearing Water (New York, 1986); Russell Martin, A Story That Stands Like a Dam: Glen Canyon and the Struggle for the Soul of the West (New York, 1989); James Earl Sherow, Watering the Valley: Development along the High Plains Arkansas River, 1870-1950 (Lawrence, Kans., 1990); Norris Hundley jr., The Great Thirst: Californians and Water, 1770s-1990s (Berkeley, 1992); Mark W. T. Harvey, A Symbol of Wilderness: Echo Park and the American Conservation Movement (Albuquerque, N. Mex., 1994); and John E. Thorson, River of Promise: The Politics of Managing the Missouri River (Lawrence, Kans., 1994). The literature on the development of eastern and southern rivers is much slimmer, although the issues at stake are no less important. See, for example, John M. Kauffmann, Flow East: A Look at Our North Atlantic Rivers (New York, 1973); Thomas J. Schoenbaum, The New River Controversy (Winston-Salem, N.C., 1979); Nelson Manfred Blake, Land into Water - Water into Land: A History of Water Management in Florida (Tallahassee, Fla., 1980); Richard C. Albert, Damming the Delaware: The Rise and Fall of Tocks Island Dam (University Park, Pa., 1987); John McPhee, The Control of Nature (New York, 1989), 3-92; Joel A. Tarr and Robert U. Ayres, "Pollution Trends in the Hudson River and Raritan River Basins, 1790-1980," in The Earth as Transformed by Human Action: Global and Regional Changes in the Biosphere over the Past 300 Years, ed. B. L. Turner II et al. (New York, 1990); Susan Q. Stranahan, Susquehana, River of Dreams (Baltimore, 1993); Stine, Mixing the Waters (n. 19 above); Harvey H. Jackson III, Rivers of History: Life on the Coosa, Tallapoosa, Cahaba, and Alabama (Tuscaloosa, Ala., 1995); and Martin Reuss, Designing the Bayous: The Control of Water in the Atchafalaya Basin, 1800-1995 (Alexandria, Va., 1998).
290. A bibliographic treatment of this topic alone would run on for pages. For examples of the most suggestive work, see Philip L. Fradkin, A River No More: The Colorado River and the West (New York, 1981; rev. ed., Berkeley, 1996); Abraham Hoffman, Vision or Villainy: Origins of the Owens Valley-Los Angeles Water Controversy (College Station, Tex., 1981); Robert G. Dunbar, Forging New Rights in Western Waters (Lincoln, Nebr., 1983); Donald J. Pisani, From the Family Farm to Agribusiness: The Irrigation Crusade in California and the West, 1850-1931 (Berkeley, 1984); Donald Worster, Rivers of Empire: Water, Aridity, and the Growth of the American West (New York, 1985); Tim Palmer, Endangered Rivers and the Conservation Movement (Berkeley, 1986); Marc Reisner, Cadillac Desert: The American West and Its Disappearing Water (New York, 1986); Russell Martin, A Story That Stands Like a Dam: Glen Canyon and the Struggle for the Soul of the West (New York, 1989); James Earl Sherow, Watering the Valley: Development along the High Plains Arkansas River, 1870-1950 (Lawrence, Kans., 1990); Norris Hundley jr., The Great Thirst: Californians and Water, 1770s-1990s (Berkeley, 1992); Mark W. T. Harvey, A Symbol of Wilderness: Echo Park and the American Conservation Movement (Albuquerque, N. Mex., 1994); and John E. Thorson, River of Promise: The Politics of Managing the Missouri River (Lawrence, Kans., 1994). The literature on the development of eastern and southern rivers is much slimmer, although the issues at stake are no less important. See, for example, John M. Kauffmann, Flow East: A Look at Our North Atlantic Rivers (New York, 1973); Thomas J. Schoenbaum, The New River Controversy (Winston-Salem, N.C., 1979); Nelson Manfred Blake, Land into Water - Water into Land: A History of Water Management in Florida (Tallahassee, Fla., 1980); Richard C. Albert, Damming the Delaware: The Rise and Fall of Tocks Island Dam (University Park, Pa., 1987); John McPhee, The Control of Nature (New York, 1989), 3-92; Joel A. Tarr and Robert U. Ayres, "Pollution Trends in the Hudson River and Raritan River Basins, 1790-1980," in The Earth as Transformed by Human Action: Global and Regional Changes in the Biosphere over the Past 300 Years, ed. B. L. Turner II et al. (New York, 1990); Susan Q. Stranahan, Susquehana, River of Dreams (Baltimore, 1993); Stine, Mixing the Waters (n. 19 above); Harvey H. Jackson III, Rivers of History: Life on the Coosa, Tallapoosa, Cahaba, and Alabama (Tuscaloosa, Ala., 1995); and Martin Reuss, Designing the Bayous: The Control of Water in the Atchafalaya Basin, 1800-1995 (Alexandria, Va., 1998).
291. A bibliographic treatment of this topic alone would run on for pages. For examples of the most suggestive work, see Philip L. Fradkin, A River No More: The Colorado River and the West (New York, 1981; rev. ed., Berkeley, 1996); Abraham Hoffman, Vision or Villainy: Origins of the Owens Valley-Los Angeles Water Controversy (College Station, Tex., 1981); Robert G. Dunbar, Forging New Rights in Western Waters (Lincoln, Nebr., 1983); Donald J. Pisani, From the Family Farm to Agribusiness: The Irrigation Crusade in California and the West, 1850-1931 (Berkeley, 1984); Donald Worster, Rivers of Empire: Water, Aridity, and the Growth of the American West (New York, 1985); Tim Palmer, Endangered Rivers and the Conservation Movement (Berkeley, 1986); Marc Reisner, Cadillac Desert: The American West and Its Disappearing Water (New York, 1986); Russell Martin, A Story That Stands Like a Dam: Glen Canyon and the Struggle for the Soul of the West (New York, 1989); James Earl Sherow, Watering the Valley: Development along the High Plains Arkansas River, 1870-1950 (Lawrence, Kans., 1990); Norris Hundley jr., The Great Thirst: Californians and Water, 1770s-1990s (Berkeley, 1992); Mark W. T. Harvey, A Symbol of Wilderness: Echo Park and the American Conservation Movement (Albuquerque, N. Mex., 1994); and John E. Thorson, River of Promise: The Politics of Managing the Missouri River (Lawrence, Kans., 1994). The literature on the development of eastern and southern rivers is much slimmer, although the issues at stake are no less important. See, for example, John M. Kauffmann, Flow East: A Look at Our North Atlantic Rivers (New York, 1973); Thomas J. Schoenbaum, The New River Controversy (Winston-Salem, N.C., 1979); Nelson Manfred Blake, Land into Water - Water into Land: A History of Water Management in Florida (Tallahassee, Fla., 1980); Richard C. Albert, Damming the Delaware: The Rise and Fall of Tocks Island Dam (University Park, Pa., 1987); John McPhee, The Control of Nature (New York, 1989), 3-92; Joel A. Tarr and Robert U. Ayres, "Pollution Trends in the Hudson River and Raritan River Basins, 1790-1980," in The Earth as Transformed by Human Action: Global and Regional Changes in the Biosphere over the Past 300 Years, ed. B. L. Turner II et al. (New York, 1990); Susan Q. Stranahan, Susquehana, River of Dreams (Baltimore, 1993); Stine, Mixing the Waters (n. 19 above); Harvey H. Jackson III, Rivers of History: Life on the Coosa, Tallapoosa, Cahaba, and Alabama (Tuscaloosa, Ala., 1995); and Martin Reuss, Designing the Bayous: The Control of Water in the Atchafalaya Basin, 1800-1995 (Alexandria, Va., 1998).
292. A bibliographic treatment of this topic alone would run on for pages. For examples of the most suggestive work, see Philip L. Fradkin, A River No More: The Colorado River and the West (New York, 1981; rev. ed., Berkeley, 1996); Abraham Hoffman, Vision or Villainy: Origins of the Owens Valley-Los Angeles Water Controversy (College Station, Tex., 1981); Robert G. Dunbar, Forging New Rights in Western Waters (Lincoln, Nebr., 1983); Donald J. Pisani, From the Family Farm to Agribusiness: The Irrigation Crusade in California and the West, 1850-1931 (Berkeley, 1984); Donald Worster, Rivers of Empire: Water, Aridity, and the Growth of the American West (New York, 1985); Tim Palmer, Endangered Rivers and the Conservation Movement (Berkeley, 1986); Marc Reisner, Cadillac Desert: The American West and Its Disappearing Water (New York, 1986); Russell Martin, A Story That Stands Like a Dam: Glen Canyon and the Struggle for the Soul of the West (New York, 1989); James Earl Sherow, Watering the Valley: Development along the High Plains Arkansas River, 1870-1950 (Lawrence, Kans., 1990); Norris Hundley jr., The Great Thirst: Californians and Water, 1770s-1990s (Berkeley, 1992); Mark W. T. Harvey, A Symbol of Wilderness: Echo Park and the American Conservation Movement (Albuquerque, N. Mex., 1994); and John E. Thorson, River of Promise: The Politics of Managing the Missouri River (Lawrence, Kans., 1994). The literature on the development of eastern and southern rivers is much slimmer, although the issues at stake are no less important. See, for example, John M. Kauffmann, Flow East: A Look at Our North Atlantic Rivers (New York, 1973); Thomas J. Schoenbaum, The New River Controversy (Winston-Salem, N.C., 1979); Nelson Manfred Blake, Land into Water - Water into Land: A History of Water Management in Florida (Tallahassee, Fla., 1980); Richard C. Albert, Damming the Delaware: The Rise and Fall of Tocks Island Dam (University Park, Pa., 1987); John McPhee, The Control of Nature (New York, 1989), 3-92; Joel A. Tarr and Robert U. Ayres, "Pollution Trends in the Hudson River and Raritan River Basins, 1790-1980," in The Earth as Transformed by Human Action: Global and Regional Changes in the Biosphere over the Past 300 Years, ed. B. L. Turner II et al. (New York, 1990); Susan Q. Stranahan, Susquehana, River of Dreams (Baltimore, 1993); Stine, Mixing the Waters (n. 19 above); Harvey H. Jackson III, Rivers of History: Life on the Coosa, Tallapoosa, Cahaba, and Alabama (Tuscaloosa, Ala., 1995); and Martin Reuss, Designing the Bayous: The Control of Water in the Atchafalaya Basin, 1800-1995 (Alexandria, Va., 1998).
293. A bibliographic treatment of this topic alone would run on for pages. For examples of the most suggestive work, see Philip L. Fradkin, A River No More: The Colorado River and the West (New York, 1981; rev. ed., Berkeley, 1996); Abraham Hoffman, Vision or Villainy: Origins of the Owens Valley-Los Angeles Water Controversy (College Station, Tex., 1981); Robert G. Dunbar, Forging New Rights in Western Waters (Lincoln, Nebr., 1983); Donald J. Pisani, From the Family Farm to Agribusiness: The Irrigation Crusade in California and the West, 1850-1931 (Berkeley, 1984); Donald Worster, Rivers of Empire: Water, Aridity, and the Growth of the American West (New York, 1985); Tim Palmer, Endangered Rivers and the Conservation Movement (Berkeley, 1986); Marc Reisner, Cadillac Desert: The American West and Its Disappearing Water (New York, 1986); Russell Martin, A Story That Stands Like a Dam: Glen Canyon and the Struggle for the Soul of the West (New York, 1989); James Earl Sherow, Watering the Valley: Development along the High Plains Arkansas River, 1870-1950 (Lawrence, Kans., 1990); Norris Hundley jr., The Great Thirst: Californians and Water, 1770s-1990s (Berkeley, 1992); Mark W. T. Harvey, A Symbol of Wilderness: Echo Park and the American Conservation Movement (Albuquerque, N. Mex., 1994); and John E. Thorson, River of Promise: The Politics of Managing the Missouri River (Lawrence, Kans., 1994). The literature on the development of eastern and southern rivers is much slimmer, although the issues at stake are no less important. See, for example, John M. Kauffmann, Flow East: A Look at Our North Atlantic Rivers (New York, 1973); Thomas J. Schoenbaum, The New River Controversy (Winston-Salem, N.C., 1979); Nelson Manfred Blake, Land into Water - Water into Land: A History of Water Management in Florida (Tallahassee, Fla., 1980); Richard C. Albert, Damming the Delaware: The Rise and Fall of Tocks Island Dam (University Park, Pa., 1987); John McPhee, The Control of Nature (New York, 1989), 3-92; Joel A. Tarr and Robert U. Ayres, "Pollution Trends in the Hudson River and Raritan River Basins, 1790-1980," in The Earth as Transformed by Human Action: Global and Regional Changes in the Biosphere over the Past 300 Years, ed. B. L. Turner II et al. (New York, 1990); Susan Q. Stranahan, Susquehana, River of Dreams (Baltimore, 1993); Stine, Mixing the Waters (n. 19 above); Harvey H. Jackson III, Rivers of History: Life on the Coosa, Tallapoosa, Cahaba, and Alabama (Tuscaloosa, Ala., 1995); and Martin Reuss, Designing the Bayous: The Control of Water in the Atchafalaya Basin, 1800-1995 (Alexandria, Va., 1998).
294. Philip V. Scarpino, Great River: An Environmental History of the Upper Mississippi, 1890-1950 (Columbia, Mo., 1985); Tim Palmer, The Snake River: Window to the West (Washington, D.C., 1991); and Richard White, The Organic Machine (New York, 1995). See also Todd Shallat, ed., Snake: The Plain and Its People (Boise, Idaho, 1994); Paul C. Pitzer, Grand Coulee: Harnessing a Dream (Pullman, Wash., 1994); Joseph Cone, A Common Fate: Endangered Salmon and the People of the Pacific Northwest (New York, 1995); William Dietrich, Northwest Passage: The Great Columbia River (New York, 1995); Blaine Harden, A River Lost: The Life and Death of the Columbia (New York, 1996); and Tim Palmer, The Columbia: Sustaining a Modern Resource (Seattle, 1997).
295. Philip V. Scarpino, Great River: An Environmental History of the Upper Mississippi, 1890-1950 (Columbia, Mo., 1985); Tim Palmer, The Snake River: Window to the West (Washington, D.C., 1991); and Richard White, The Organic Machine (New York, 1995). See also Todd Shallat, ed., Snake: The Plain and Its People (Boise, Idaho, 1994); Paul C. Pitzer, Grand Coulee: Harnessing a Dream (Pullman, Wash., 1994); Joseph Cone, A Common Fate: Endangered Salmon and the People of the Pacific Northwest (New York, 1995); William Dietrich, Northwest Passage: The Great Columbia River (New York, 1995); Blaine Harden, A River Lost: The Life and Death of the Columbia (New York, 1996); and Tim Palmer, The Columbia: Sustaining a Modern Resource (Seattle, 1997).
296. Philip V. Scarpino, Great River: An Environmental History of the Upper Mississippi, 1890-1950 (Columbia, Mo., 1985); Tim Palmer, The Snake River: Window to the West (Washington, D.C., 1991); and Richard White, The Organic Machine (New York, 1995). See also Todd Shallat, ed., Snake: The Plain and Its People (Boise, Idaho, 1994); Paul C. Pitzer, Grand Coulee: Harnessing a Dream (Pullman, Wash., 1994); Joseph Cone, A Common Fate: Endangered Salmon and the People of the Pacific Northwest (New York, 1995); William Dietrich, Northwest Passage: The Great Columbia River (New York, 1995); Blaine Harden, A River Lost: The Life and Death of the Columbia (New York, 1996); and Tim Palmer, The Columbia: Sustaining a Modern Resource (Seattle, 1997).
297. Philip V. Scarpino, Great River: An Environmental History of the Upper Mississippi, 1890-1950 (Columbia, Mo., 1985); Tim Palmer, The Snake River: Window to the West (Washington, D.C., 1991); and Richard White, The Organic Machine (New York, 1995). See also Todd Shallat, ed., Snake: The Plain and Its People (Boise, Idaho, 1994); Paul C. Pitzer, Grand Coulee: Harnessing a Dream (Pullman, Wash., 1994); Joseph Cone, A Common Fate: Endangered Salmon and the People of the Pacific Northwest (New York, 1995); William Dietrich, Northwest Passage: The Great Columbia River (New York, 1995); Blaine Harden, A River Lost: The Life and Death of the Columbia (New York, 1996); and Tim Palmer, The Columbia: Sustaining a Modern Resource (Seattle, 1997).
298. Philip V. Scarpino, Great River: An Environmental History of the Upper Mississippi, 1890-1950 (Columbia, Mo., 1985); Tim Palmer, The Snake River: Window to the West (Washington, D.C., 1991); and Richard White, The Organic Machine (New York, 1995). See also Todd Shallat, ed., Snake: The Plain and Its People (Boise, Idaho, 1994); Paul C. Pitzer, Grand Coulee: Harnessing a Dream (Pullman, Wash., 1994); Joseph Cone, A Common Fate: Endangered Salmon and the People of the Pacific Northwest (New York, 1995); William Dietrich, Northwest Passage: The Great Columbia River (New York, 1995); Blaine Harden, A River Lost: The Life and Death of the Columbia (New York, 1996); and Tim Palmer, The Columbia: Sustaining a Modern Resource (Seattle, 1997).
299. Philip V. Scarpino, Great River: An Environmental History of the Upper Mississippi, 1890-1950 (Columbia, Mo., 1985); Tim Palmer, The Snake River: Window to the West (Washington, D.C., 1991); and Richard White, The Organic Machine (New York, 1995). See also Todd Shallat, ed., Snake: The Plain and Its People (Boise, Idaho, 1994); Paul C. Pitzer, Grand Coulee: Harnessing a Dream (Pullman, Wash., 1994); Joseph Cone, A Common Fate: Endangered Salmon and the People of the Pacific Northwest (New York, 1995); William Dietrich, Northwest Passage: The Great Columbia River (New York, 1995); Blaine Harden, A River Lost: The Life and Death of the Columbia (New York, 1996); and Tim Palmer, The Columbia: Sustaining a Modern Resource (Seattle, 1997).
300. Philip V. Scarpino, Great River: An Environmental History of the Upper Mississippi, 1890-1950 (Columbia, Mo., 1985); Tim Palmer, The Snake River: Window to the West (Washington, D.C., 1991); and Richard White, The Organic Machine (New York, 1995). See also Todd Shallat, ed., Snake: The Plain and Its People (Boise, Idaho, 1994); Paul C. Pitzer, Grand Coulee: Harnessing a Dream (Pullman, Wash., 1994); Joseph Cone, A Common Fate: Endangered Salmon and the People of the Pacific Northwest (New York, 1995); William Dietrich, Northwest Passage: The Great Columbia River (New York, 1995); Blaine Harden, A River Lost: The Life and Death of the Columbia (New York, 1996); and Tim Palmer, The Columbia: Sustaining a Modern Resource (Seattle, 1997).
301. Philip V. Scarpino, Great River: An Environmental History of the Upper Mississippi, 1890-1950 (Columbia, Mo., 1985); Tim Palmer, The Snake River: Window to the West (Washington, D.C., 1991); and Richard White, The Organic Machine (New York, 1995). See also Todd Shallat, ed., Snake: The Plain and Its People (Boise, Idaho, 1994); Paul C. Pitzer, Grand Coulee: Harnessing a Dream (Pullman, Wash., 1994); Joseph Cone, A Common Fate: Endangered Salmon and the People of the Pacific Northwest (New York, 1995); William Dietrich, Northwest Passage: The Great Columbia River (New York, 1995); Blaine Harden, A River Lost: The Life and Death of the Columbia (New York, 1996); and Tim Palmer, The Columbia: Sustaining a Modern Resource (Seattle, 1997).
302. Philip V. Scarpino, Great River: An Environmental History of the Upper Mississippi, 1890-1950 (Columbia, Mo., 1985); Tim Palmer, The Snake River: Window to the West (Washington, D.C., 1991); and Richard White, The Organic Machine (New York, 1995). See also Todd Shallat, ed., Snake: The Plain and Its People (Boise, Idaho, 1994); Paul C. Pitzer, Grand Coulee: Harnessing a Dream (Pullman, Wash., 1994); Joseph Cone, A Common Fate: Endangered Salmon and the People of the Pacific Northwest (New York, 1995); William Dietrich, Northwest Passage: The Great Columbia River (New York, 1995); Blaine Harden, A River Lost: The Life and Death of the Columbia (New York, 1996); and Tim Palmer, The Columbia: Sustaining a Modern Resource (Seattle, 1997).
303. See, for example, Michael C. Robinson, Water for the West: The Bureau of Reclamation, 1902-1977 (Chicago, 1979); Doris Ostrander Dawdy, Congress in Its Wisdom: The Bureau of Reclamation and the Public Interest (Boulder, Colo., 1989); Thomas K. McCraw, Morgan Versus Lilienthal: A Feud within the TVA (Chicago, 1970); Erwin C. Hargrove and Paul K. Conkin, eds., TVA: Fifty Years of Grass Roots Bureaucracy (Urbana, Ill., 1983); William U. Chandler, The Myth of TVA: Conservation and Development in the Tennessee Valley, 1933-1983 (Cambridge, Mass., 1984); William Bruce Wheeler and Michael J. McDonald, TVA and the Tellico Dam, 1936-1979: A Bureaucratic Crisis in Post-Industrial America (Knoxville, Tenn., 1986); Arthur Maass, Muddy Waters: The Army Engineers and the Nation's Rivers (Cambridge, Mass., 1951); Albert E. Cowdrey, "Pioneering Environmental Law: The Army Corps of Engineers and the Refuse Act," Pacific Historical Review 46 (1975): 331-49; Daniel A. Mazmanian and Jeanne Nienaber, Can Organizations Change? Environmental Protection, Citizen Participation, and the Corps of Engineers (Washington, D.C., 1979); Martin Reuss, "Andrew A. Humphreys and the Development of Hydraulic Engineering: Politics and Technology in the Army Corps of Engineers, 1850-1950," Technology and Culture 26 (1985): 1-33; and Michael C. Robinson, "The Relationship between the Army Corps of Engineers and the Environmental Community, 1920-1969," Environmental Review 13 (spring 1989): 1-41.
304. See, for example, Michael C. Robinson, Water for the West: The Bureau of Reclamation, 1902-1977 (Chicago, 1979); Doris Ostrander Dawdy, Congress in Its Wisdom: The Bureau of Reclamation and the Public Interest (Boulder, Colo., 1989); Thomas K. McCraw, Morgan Versus Lilienthal: A Feud within the TVA (Chicago, 1970); Erwin C. Hargrove and Paul K. Conkin, eds., TVA: Fifty Years of Grass Roots Bureaucracy (Urbana, Ill., 1983); William U. Chandler, The Myth of TVA: Conservation and Development in the Tennessee Valley, 1933-1983 (Cambridge, Mass., 1984); William Bruce Wheeler and Michael J. McDonald, TVA and the Tellico Dam, 1936-1979: A Bureaucratic Crisis in Post-Industrial America (Knoxville, Tenn., 1986); Arthur Maass, Muddy Waters: The Army Engineers and the Nation's Rivers (Cambridge, Mass., 1951); Albert E. Cowdrey, "Pioneering Environmental Law: The Army Corps of Engineers and the Refuse Act," Pacific Historical Review 46 (1975): 331-49; Daniel A. Mazmanian and Jeanne Nienaber, Can Organizations Change? Environmental Protection, Citizen Participation, and the Corps of Engineers (Washington, D.C., 1979); Martin Reuss, "Andrew A. Humphreys and the Development of Hydraulic Engineering: Politics and Technology in the Army Corps of Engineers, 1850-1950," Technology and Culture 26 (1985): 1-33; and Michael C. Robinson, "The Relationship between the Army Corps of Engineers and the Environmental Community, 1920-1969," Environmental Review 13 (spring 1989): 1-41.
305. See, for example, Michael C. Robinson, Water for the West: The Bureau of Reclamation, 1902-1977 (Chicago, 1979); Doris Ostrander Dawdy, Congress in Its Wisdom: The Bureau of Reclamation and the Public Interest (Boulder, Colo., 1989); Thomas K. McCraw, Morgan Versus Lilienthal: A Feud within the TVA (Chicago, 1970); Erwin C. Hargrove and Paul K. Conkin, eds., TVA: Fifty Years of Grass Roots Bureaucracy (Urbana, Ill., 1983); William U. Chandler, The Myth of TVA: Conservation and Development in the Tennessee Valley, 1933-1983 (Cambridge, Mass., 1984); William Bruce Wheeler and Michael J. McDonald, TVA and the Tellico Dam, 1936-1979: A Bureaucratic Crisis in Post-Industrial America (Knoxville, Tenn., 1986); Arthur Maass, Muddy Waters: The Army Engineers and the Nation's Rivers (Cambridge, Mass., 1951); Albert E. Cowdrey, "Pioneering Environmental Law: The Army Corps of Engineers and the Refuse Act," Pacific Historical Review 46 (1975): 331-49; Daniel A. Mazmanian and Jeanne Nienaber, Can Organizations Change? Environmental Protection, Citizen Participation, and the Corps of Engineers (Washington, D.C., 1979); Martin Reuss, "Andrew A. Humphreys and the Development of Hydraulic Engineering: Politics and Technology in the Army Corps of Engineers, 1850-1950," Technology and Culture 26 (1985): 1-33; and Michael C. Robinson, "The Relationship between the Army Corps of Engineers and the Environmental Community, 1920-1969," Environmental Review 13 (spring 1989): 1-41.
306. See, for example, Michael C. Robinson, Water for the West: The Bureau of Reclamation, 1902-1977 (Chicago, 1979); Doris Ostrander Dawdy, Congress in Its Wisdom: The Bureau of Reclamation and the Public Interest (Boulder, Colo., 1989); Thomas K. McCraw, Morgan Versus Lilienthal: A Feud within the TVA (Chicago, 1970); Erwin C. Hargrove and Paul K. Conkin, eds., TVA: Fifty Years of Grass Roots Bureaucracy (Urbana, Ill., 1983); William U. Chandler, The Myth of TVA: Conservation and Development in the Tennessee Valley, 1933-1983 (Cambridge, Mass., 1984); William Bruce Wheeler and Michael J. McDonald, TVA and the Tellico Dam, 1936-1979: A Bureaucratic Crisis in Post-Industrial America (Knoxville, Tenn., 1986); Arthur Maass, Muddy Waters: The Army Engineers and the Nation's Rivers (Cambridge, Mass., 1951); Albert E. Cowdrey, "Pioneering Environmental Law: The Army Corps of Engineers and the Refuse Act," Pacific Historical Review 46 (1975): 331-49; Daniel A. Mazmanian and Jeanne Nienaber, Can Organizations Change? Environmental Protection, Citizen Participation, and the Corps of Engineers (Washington, D.C., 1979); Martin Reuss, "Andrew A. Humphreys and the Development of Hydraulic Engineering: Politics and Technology in the Army Corps of Engineers, 1850-1950," Technology and Culture 26 (1985): 1-33; and Michael C. Robinson, "The Relationship between the Army Corps of Engineers and the Environmental Community, 1920-1969," Environmental Review 13 (spring 1989): 1-41.
307. See, for example, Michael C. Robinson, Water for the West: The Bureau of Reclamation, 1902-1977 (Chicago, 1979); Doris Ostrander Dawdy, Congress in Its Wisdom: The Bureau of Reclamation and the Public Interest (Boulder, Colo., 1989); Thomas K. McCraw, Morgan Versus Lilienthal: A Feud within the TVA (Chicago, 1970); Erwin C. Hargrove and Paul K. Conkin, eds., TVA: Fifty Years of Grass Roots Bureaucracy (Urbana, Ill., 1983); William U. Chandler, The Myth of TVA: Conservation and Development in the Tennessee Valley, 1933-1983 (Cambridge, Mass., 1984); William Bruce Wheeler and Michael J. McDonald, TVA and the Tellico Dam, 1936-1979: A Bureaucratic Crisis in Post-Industrial America (Knoxville, Tenn., 1986); Arthur Maass, Muddy Waters: The Army Engineers and the Nation's Rivers (Cambridge, Mass., 1951); Albert E. Cowdrey, "Pioneering Environmental Law: The Army Corps of Engineers and the Refuse Act," Pacific Historical Review 46 (1975): 331-49; Daniel A. Mazmanian and Jeanne Nienaber, Can Organizations Change? Environmental Protection, Citizen Participation, and the Corps of Engineers (Washington, D.C., 1979); Martin Reuss, "Andrew A. Humphreys and the Development of Hydraulic Engineering: Politics and Technology in the Army Corps of Engineers, 1850-1950," Technology and Culture 26 (1985): 1-33; and Michael C. Robinson, "The Relationship between the Army Corps of Engineers and the Environmental Community, 1920-1969," Environmental Review 13 (spring 1989): 1-41.
308. See, for example, Michael C. Robinson, Water for the West: The Bureau of Reclamation, 1902-1977 (Chicago, 1979); Doris Ostrander Dawdy, Congress in Its Wisdom: The Bureau of Reclamation and the Public Interest (Boulder, Colo., 1989); Thomas K. McCraw, Morgan Versus Lilienthal: A Feud within the TVA (Chicago, 1970); Erwin C. Hargrove and Paul K. Conkin, eds., TVA: Fifty Years of Grass Roots Bureaucracy (Urbana, Ill., 1983); William U. Chandler, The Myth of TVA: Conservation and Development in the Tennessee Valley, 1933-1983 (Cambridge, Mass., 1984); William Bruce Wheeler and Michael J. McDonald, TVA and the Tellico Dam, 1936-1979: A Bureaucratic Crisis in Post-Industrial America (Knoxville, Tenn., 1986); Arthur Maass, Muddy Waters: The Army Engineers and the Nation's Rivers (Cambridge, Mass., 1951); Albert E. Cowdrey, "Pioneering Environmental Law: The Army Corps of Engineers and the Refuse Act," Pacific Historical Review 46 (1975): 331-49; Daniel A. Mazmanian and Jeanne Nienaber, Can Organizations Change? Environmental Protection, Citizen Participation, and the Corps of Engineers (Washington, D.C., 1979); Martin Reuss, "Andrew A. Humphreys and the Development of Hydraulic Engineering: Politics and Technology in the Army Corps of Engineers, 1850-1950," Technology and Culture 26 (1985): 1-33; and Michael C. Robinson, "The Relationship between the Army Corps of Engineers and the Environmental Community, 1920-1969," Environmental Review 13 (spring 1989): 1-41.
309. See, for example, Michael C. Robinson, Water for the West: The Bureau of Reclamation, 1902-1977 (Chicago, 1979); Doris Ostrander Dawdy, Congress in Its Wisdom: The Bureau of Reclamation and the Public Interest (Boulder, Colo., 1989); Thomas K. McCraw, Morgan Versus Lilienthal: A Feud within the TVA (Chicago, 1970); Erwin C. Hargrove and Paul K. Conkin, eds., TVA: Fifty Years of Grass Roots Bureaucracy (Urbana, Ill., 1983); William U. Chandler, The Myth of TVA: Conservation and Development in the Tennessee Valley, 1933-1983 (Cambridge, Mass., 1984); William Bruce Wheeler and Michael J. McDonald, TVA and the Tellico Dam, 1936-1979: A Bureaucratic Crisis in Post-Industrial America (Knoxville, Tenn., 1986); Arthur Maass, Muddy Waters: The Army Engineers and the Nation's Rivers (Cambridge, Mass., 1951); Albert E. Cowdrey, "Pioneering Environmental Law: The Army Corps of Engineers and the Refuse Act," Pacific Historical Review 46 (1975): 331-49; Daniel A. Mazmanian and Jeanne Nienaber, Can Organizations Change? Environmental Protection, Citizen Participation, and the Corps of Engineers (Washington, D.C., 1979); Martin Reuss, "Andrew A. Humphreys and the Development of Hydraulic Engineering: Politics and Technology in the Army Corps of Engineers, 1850-1950," Technology and Culture 26 (1985): 1-33; and Michael C. Robinson, "The Relationship between the Army Corps of Engineers and the Environmental Community, 1920-1969," Environmental Review 13 (spring 1989): 1-41.
310. See, for example, Michael C. Robinson, Water for the West: The Bureau of Reclamation, 1902-1977 (Chicago, 1979); Doris Ostrander Dawdy, Congress in Its Wisdom: The Bureau of Reclamation and the Public Interest (Boulder, Colo., 1989); Thomas K. McCraw, Morgan Versus Lilienthal: A Feud within the TVA (Chicago, 1970); Erwin C. Hargrove and Paul K. Conkin, eds., TVA: Fifty Years of Grass Roots Bureaucracy (Urbana, Ill., 1983); William U. Chandler, The Myth of TVA: Conservation and Development in the Tennessee Valley, 1933-1983 (Cambridge, Mass., 1984); William Bruce Wheeler and Michael J. McDonald, TVA and the Tellico Dam, 1936-1979: A Bureaucratic Crisis in Post-Industrial America (Knoxville, Tenn., 1986); Arthur Maass, Muddy Waters: The Army Engineers and the Nation's Rivers (Cambridge, Mass., 1951); Albert E. Cowdrey, "Pioneering Environmental Law: The Army Corps of Engineers and the Refuse Act," Pacific Historical Review 46 (1975): 331-49; Daniel A. Mazmanian and Jeanne Nienaber, Can Organizations Change? Environmental Protection, Citizen Participation, and the Corps of Engineers (Washington, D.C., 1979); Martin Reuss, "Andrew A. Humphreys and the Development of Hydraulic Engineering: Politics and Technology in the Army Corps of Engineers, 1850-1950," Technology and Culture 26 (1985): 1-33; and Michael C. Robinson, "The Relationship between the Army Corps of Engineers and the Environmental Community, 1920-1969," Environmental Review 13 (spring 1989): 1-41.
311. See, for example, Michael C. Robinson, Water for the West: The Bureau of Reclamation, 1902-1977 (Chicago, 1979); Doris Ostrander Dawdy, Congress in Its Wisdom: The Bureau of Reclamation and the Public Interest (Boulder, Colo., 1989); Thomas K. McCraw, Morgan Versus Lilienthal: A Feud within the TVA (Chicago, 1970); Erwin C. Hargrove and Paul K. Conkin, eds., TVA: Fifty Years of Grass Roots Bureaucracy (Urbana, Ill., 1983); William U. Chandler, The Myth of TVA: Conservation and Development in the Tennessee Valley, 1933-1983 (Cambridge, Mass., 1984); William Bruce Wheeler and Michael J. McDonald, TVA and the Tellico Dam, 1936-1979: A Bureaucratic Crisis in Post-Industrial America (Knoxville, Tenn., 1986); Arthur Maass, Muddy Waters: The Army Engineers and the Nation's Rivers (Cambridge, Mass., 1951); Albert E. Cowdrey, "Pioneering Environmental Law: The Army Corps of Engineers and the Refuse Act," Pacific Historical Review 46 (1975): 331-49; Daniel A. Mazmanian and Jeanne Nienaber, Can Organizations Change? Environmental Protection, Citizen Participation, and the Corps of Engineers (Washington, D.C., 1979); Martin Reuss, "Andrew A. Humphreys and the Development of Hydraulic Engineering: Politics and Technology in the Army Corps of Engineers, 1850-1950," Technology and Culture 26 (1985): 1-33; and Michael C. Robinson, "The Relationship between the Army Corps of Engineers and the Environmental Community, 1920-1969," Environmental Review 13 (spring 1989): 1-41.
312. See, for example, Michael C. Robinson, Water for the West: The Bureau of Reclamation, 1902-1977 (Chicago, 1979); Doris Ostrander Dawdy, Congress in Its Wisdom: The Bureau of Reclamation and the Public Interest (Boulder, Colo., 1989); Thomas K. McCraw, Morgan Versus Lilienthal: A Feud within the TVA (Chicago, 1970); Erwin C. Hargrove and Paul K. Conkin, eds., TVA: Fifty Years of Grass Roots Bureaucracy (Urbana, Ill., 1983); William U. Chandler, The Myth of TVA: Conservation and Development in the Tennessee Valley, 1933-1983 (Cambridge, Mass., 1984); William Bruce Wheeler and Michael J. McDonald, TVA and the Tellico Dam, 1936-1979: A Bureaucratic Crisis in Post-Industrial America (Knoxville, Tenn., 1986); Arthur Maass, Muddy Waters: The Army Engineers and the Nation's Rivers (Cambridge, Mass., 1951); Albert E. Cowdrey, "Pioneering Environmental Law: The Army Corps of Engineers and the Refuse Act," Pacific Historical Review 46 (1975): 331-49; Daniel A. Mazmanian and Jeanne Nienaber, Can Organizations Change? Environmental Protection, Citizen Participation, and the Corps of Engineers (Washington, D.C., 1979); Martin Reuss, "Andrew A. Humphreys and the Development of Hydraulic Engineering: Politics and Technology in the Army Corps of Engineers, 1850-1950," Technology and Culture 26 (1985): 1-33; and Michael C. Robinson, "The Relationship between the Army Corps of Engineers and the Environmental Community, 1920-1969," Environmental Review 13 (spring 1989): 1-41.
313. See, for example, Michael C. Robinson, Water for the West: The Bureau of Reclamation, 1902-1977 (Chicago, 1979); Doris Ostrander Dawdy, Congress in Its Wisdom: The Bureau of Reclamation and the Public Interest (Boulder, Colo., 1989); Thomas K. McCraw, Morgan Versus Lilienthal: A Feud within the TVA (Chicago, 1970); Erwin C. Hargrove and Paul K. Conkin, eds., TVA: Fifty Years of Grass Roots Bureaucracy (Urbana, Ill., 1983); William U. Chandler, The Myth of TVA: Conservation and Development in the Tennessee Valley, 1933-1983 (Cambridge, Mass., 1984); William Bruce Wheeler and Michael J. McDonald, TVA and the Tellico Dam, 1936-1979: A Bureaucratic Crisis in Post-Industrial America (Knoxville, Tenn., 1986); Arthur Maass, Muddy Waters: The Army Engineers and the Nation's Rivers (Cambridge, Mass., 1951); Albert E. Cowdrey, "Pioneering Environmental Law: The Army Corps of Engineers and the Refuse Act," Pacific Historical Review 46 (1975): 331-49; Daniel A. Mazmanian and Jeanne Nienaber, Can Organizations Change? Environmental Protection, Citizen Participation, and the Corps of Engineers (Washington, D.C., 1979); Martin Reuss, "Andrew A. Humphreys and the Development of Hydraulic Engineering: Politics and Technology in the Army Corps of Engineers, 1850-1950," Technology and Culture 26 (1985): 1-33; and Michael C. Robinson, "The Relationship between the Army Corps of Engineers and the Environmental Community, 1920-1969," Environmental Review 13 (spring 1989): 1-41.
314. Among the works that touch upon this interplay are Samuel P. Hays, Conservation and the Gospel of Efficiency: The Progressive Conservation Movement, 1890-1920 (Cambridge, Mass., 1959); Donald C. Swain, Federal Conservation Policy, 1921-1933 (Berkeley, 1963); Jeffrey K. Stine, "Regulating Wetlands in the 1970s: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the Environmental Organizations," Journal of Forest History 27 (April 1983): 60-75; Carroll Pursell, "Conservation, Environmentalism, and the Engineers: The Progressive Era and the Recent Past," in Environmental History: Critical Issues in Comparative Perspective, ed. Kendall E. Bailes (Lanham, Md., 1985), 176-92; and Jamie W. Moore and Dorothy P. Moore, The Army Corps of Engineers and the Evolution of Federal Flood Plain Management Policy (Boulder, Colo., 1989).
315. Among the works that touch upon this interplay are Samuel P. Hays, Conservation and the Gospel of Efficiency: The Progressive Conservation Movement, 1890-1920 (Cambridge, Mass., 1959); Donald C. Swain, Federal Conservation Policy, 1921-1933 (Berkeley, 1963); Jeffrey K. Stine, "Regulating Wetlands in the 1970s: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the Environmental Organizations," Journal of Forest History 27 (April 1983): 60-75; Carroll Pursell, "Conservation, Environmentalism, and the Engineers: The Progressive Era and the Recent Past," in Environmental History: Critical Issues in Comparative Perspective, ed. Kendall E. Bailes (Lanham, Md., 1985), 176-92; and Jamie W. Moore and Dorothy P. Moore, The Army Corps of Engineers and the Evolution of Federal Flood Plain Management Policy (Boulder, Colo., 1989).
316. Among the works that touch upon this interplay are Samuel P. Hays, Conservation and the Gospel of Efficiency: The Progressive Conservation Movement, 1890-1920 (Cambridge, Mass., 1959); Donald C. Swain, Federal Conservation Policy, 1921-1933 (Berkeley, 1963); Jeffrey K. Stine, "Regulating Wetlands in the 1970s: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the Environmental Organizations," Journal of Forest History 27 (April 1983): 60-75; Carroll Pursell, "Conservation, Environmentalism, and the Engineers: The Progressive Era and the Recent Past," in Environmental History: Critical Issues in Comparative Perspective, ed. Kendall E. Bailes (Lanham, Md., 1985), 176-92; and Jamie W. Moore and Dorothy P. Moore, The Army Corps of Engineers and the Evolution of Federal Flood Plain Management Policy (Boulder, Colo., 1989).
317. Among the works that touch upon this interplay are Samuel P. Hays, Conservation and the Gospel of Efficiency: The Progressive Conservation Movement, 1890-1920 (Cambridge, Mass., 1959); Donald C. Swain, Federal Conservation Policy, 1921-1933 (Berkeley, 1963); Jeffrey K. Stine, "Regulating Wetlands in the 1970s: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the Environmental Organizations," Journal of Forest History 27 (April 1983): 60-75; Carroll Pursell, "Conservation, Environmentalism, and the Engineers: The Progressive Era and the Recent Past," in Environmental History: Critical Issues in Comparative Perspective, ed. Kendall E. Bailes (Lanham, Md., 1985), 176-92; and Jamie W. Moore and Dorothy P. Moore, The Army Corps of Engineers and the Evolution of Federal Flood Plain Management Policy (Boulder, Colo., 1989).
318. Among the works that touch upon this interplay are Samuel P. Hays, Conservation and the Gospel of Efficiency: The Progressive Conservation Movement, 1890-1920 (Cambridge, Mass., 1959); Donald C. Swain, Federal Conservation Policy, 1921-1933 (Berkeley, 1963); Jeffrey K. Stine, "Regulating Wetlands in the 1970s: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the Environmental Organizations," Journal of Forest History 27 (April 1983): 60-75; Carroll Pursell, "Conservation, Environmentalism, and the Engineers: The Progressive Era and the Recent Past," in Environmental History: Critical Issues in Comparative Perspective, ed. Kendall E. Bailes (Lanham, Md., 1985), 176-92; and Jamie W. Moore and Dorothy P. Moore, The Army Corps of Engineers and the Evolution of Federal Flood Plain Management Policy (Boulder, Colo., 1989).
319. John Opie, Ogallala: Water for a Dry Land (Lincoln, Nebr., 1993). See also Donald E. Green, Land of the Underground Rain: Irrigation on the Texas High Plains, 1910-1970 (Austin, Tex., 1973); and Ronald L. Nye, "Visions of Salt: Salinity and Drainage in the San Joaquin Valley, California, 1870-1970" (Ph.D. diss., University of California, Santa Barbara, 1986).
320. John Opie, Ogallala: Water for a Dry Land (Lincoln, Nebr., 1993). See also Donald E. Green, Land of the Underground Rain: Irrigation on the Texas High Plains, 1910-1970 (Austin, Tex., 1973); and Ronald L. Nye, "Visions of Salt: Salinity and Drainage in the San Joaquin Valley, California, 1870-1970" (Ph.D. diss., University of California, Santa Barbara, 1986).
321. John Opie, Ogallala: Water for a Dry Land (Lincoln, Nebr., 1993). See also Donald E. Green, Land of the Underground Rain: Irrigation on the Texas High Plains, 1910-1970 (Austin, Tex., 1973); and Ronald L. Nye, "Visions of Salt: Salinity and Drainage in the San Joaquin Valley, California, 1870-1970" (Ph.D. diss., University of California, Santa Barbara, 1986).
322. Ann Vileisis, Discovering the Unknown Landscape: A History of America's Wetlands (Washington, D.C., 1997); Hugh Prince, Wetlands of the American Midwest: A Historical Geography of Changing Attitudes (Chicago, 1997). For earlier accounts of wetlands that paid some attention to reclamation technologies, see Paul L. Errington, Of Men and Marshes (New York, 1957); Joseph V. Siry, Marshes of the Ocean Shore: Development of an Ecological Ethic (College Station, Tex., 1984); and Kimberly R. Sebold, From Marsh to Farm: The Landscape Transformation of Coastal New Jersey (Washington, D.C., 1992). For a study of reclamation technology that conversely downplayed its environmental effects, see Marion M. Weaver, History of Tile Drainage (In America prior to 1900) (Waterloo, N.Y., 1964).
323. Ann Vileisis, Discovering the Unknown Landscape: A History of America's Wetlands (Washington, D.C., 1997); Hugh Prince, Wetlands of the American Midwest: A Historical Geography of Changing Attitudes (Chicago, 1997). For earlier accounts of wetlands that paid some attention to reclamation technologies, see Paul L. Errington, Of Men and Marshes (New York, 1957); Joseph V. Siry, Marshes of the Ocean Shore: Development of an Ecological Ethic (College Station, Tex., 1984); and Kimberly R. Sebold, From Marsh to Farm: The Landscape Transformation of Coastal New Jersey (Washington, D.C., 1992). For a study of reclamation technology that conversely downplayed its environmental effects, see Marion M. Weaver, History of Tile Drainage (In America prior to 1900) (Waterloo, N.Y., 1964).
324. Ann Vileisis, Discovering the Unknown Landscape: A History of America's Wetlands (Washington, D.C., 1997); Hugh Prince, Wetlands of the American Midwest: A Historical Geography of Changing Attitudes (Chicago, 1997). For earlier accounts of wetlands that paid some attention to reclamation technologies, see Paul L. Errington, Of Men and Marshes (New York, 1957); Joseph V. Siry, Marshes of the Ocean Shore: Development of an Ecological Ethic (College Station, Tex., 1984); and Kimberly R. Sebold, From Marsh to Farm: The Landscape Transformation of Coastal New Jersey (Washington, D.C., 1992). For a study of reclamation technology that conversely downplayed its environmental effects, see Marion M. Weaver, History of Tile Drainage (In America prior to 1900) (Waterloo, N.Y., 1964).
325. Ann Vileisis, Discovering the Unknown Landscape: A History of America's Wetlands (Washington, D.C., 1997); Hugh Prince, Wetlands of the American Midwest: A Historical Geography of Changing Attitudes (Chicago, 1997). For earlier accounts of wetlands that paid some attention to reclamation technologies, see Paul L. Errington, Of Men and Marshes (New York, 1957); Joseph V. Siry, Marshes of the Ocean Shore: Development of an Ecological Ethic (College Station, Tex., 1984); and Kimberly R. Sebold, From Marsh to Farm: The Landscape Transformation of Coastal New Jersey (Washington, D.C., 1992). For a study of reclamation technology that conversely downplayed its environmental effects, see Marion M. Weaver, History of Tile Drainage (In America prior to 1900) (Waterloo, N.Y., 1964).
326. Ann Vileisis, Discovering the Unknown Landscape: A History of America's Wetlands (Washington, D.C., 1997); Hugh Prince, Wetlands of the American Midwest: A Historical Geography of Changing Attitudes (Chicago, 1997). For earlier accounts of wetlands that paid some attention to reclamation technologies, see Paul L. Errington, Of Men and Marshes (New York, 1957); Joseph V. Siry, Marshes of the Ocean Shore: Development of an Ecological Ethic (College Station, Tex., 1984); and Kimberly R. Sebold, From Marsh to Farm: The Landscape Transformation of Coastal New Jersey (Washington, D.C., 1992). For a study of reclamation technology that conversely downplayed its environmental effects, see Marion M. Weaver, History of Tile Drainage (In America prior to 1900) (Waterloo, N.Y., 1964).
327. Ann Vileisis, Discovering the Unknown Landscape: A History of America's Wetlands (Washington, D.C., 1997); Hugh Prince, Wetlands of the American Midwest: A Historical Geography of Changing Attitudes (Chicago, 1997). For earlier accounts of wetlands that paid some attention to reclamation technologies, see Paul L. Errington, Of Men and Marshes (New York, 1957); Joseph V. Siry, Marshes of the Ocean Shore: Development of an Ecological Ethic (College Station, Tex., 1984); and Kimberly R. Sebold, From Marsh to Farm: The Landscape Transformation of Coastal New Jersey (Washington, D.C., 1992). For a study of reclamation technology that conversely downplayed its environmental effects, see Marion M. Weaver, History of Tile Drainage (In America prior to 1900) (Waterloo, N.Y., 1964).
328. See, for example, Wallace Kaufman and Orrin H. Pilkey Jr., The Beaches Are Moving: The Drowning of America's Shoreline (Durham, N.C., 1983); Susan Pritchard O'Hara and Gregory Graves, Saving California's Coast: Army Engineers at Oceanside and Humboldt Bay (Spokane, Wash., 1991); and Orrin H. Pilkey Jr. and Katharine L. Dixon, The Corps and the Shore (Washington, D.C., 1996).
329. See, for example, Wallace Kaufman and Orrin H. Pilkey Jr., The Beaches Are Moving: The Drowning of America's Shoreline (Durham, N.C., 1983); Susan Pritchard O'Hara and Gregory Graves, Saving California's Coast: Army Engineers at Oceanside and Humboldt Bay (Spokane, Wash., 1991); and Orrin H. Pilkey Jr. and Katharine L. Dixon, The Corps and the Shore (Washington, D.C., 1996).
330. See, for example, Wallace Kaufman and Orrin H. Pilkey Jr., The Beaches Are Moving: The Drowning of America's Shoreline (Durham, N.C., 1983); Susan Pritchard O'Hara and Gregory Graves, Saving California's Coast: Army Engineers at Oceanside and Humboldt Bay (Spokane, Wash., 1991); and Orrin H. Pilkey Jr. and Katharine L. Dixon, The Corps and the Shore (Washington, D.C., 1996).
331. For examples of critical assessments of the environmental impact of water resources development written by nonhistorians but utilizing historical case studies, see Elizabeth S. Helfman, Rivers and Watersheds in America's Future (New York, 1965); Donald E. Carr, Death of the Sweet Waters (New York, 1966); Gene Marine, America the Raped: The Engineering Mentality and the Devastation of a Continent (New York, 1969); George Laycock, The Diligent Destroyers (New York, 1970); Arthur E. Morgan, Dams and Other Disasters: A Century of the Army Corps of Engineers in Civil Works (Boston, 1971); Richard L. Berkman and W. Kip Viscusi, Damming the West (New York, 1973); Martin Heuvelmans, The River Killers (Harrisburg, Pa., 1974); Edward Goldsmith and Nicholas Hildyard, The Social and Environmental Effects of Large Dams (San Francisco, 1984); and Constance Elizabeth Hunt and Verne Huser, Down by the River: The Impact of Federal Water Projects and Policies on Biological Diversity (Washington, D.C., 1988).
332. For examples of critical assessments of the environmental impact of water resources development written by nonhistorians but utilizing historical case studies, see Elizabeth S. Helfman, Rivers and Watersheds in America's Future (New York, 1965); Donald E. Carr, Death of the Sweet Waters (New York, 1966); Gene Marine, America the Raped: The Engineering Mentality and the Devastation of a Continent (New York, 1969); George Laycock, The Diligent Destroyers (New York, 1970); Arthur E. Morgan, Dams and Other Disasters: A Century of the Army Corps of Engineers in Civil Works (Boston, 1971); Richard L. Berkman and W. Kip Viscusi, Damming the West (New York, 1973); Martin Heuvelmans, The River Killers (Harrisburg, Pa., 1974); Edward Goldsmith and Nicholas Hildyard, The Social and Environmental Effects of Large Dams (San Francisco, 1984); and Constance Elizabeth Hunt and Verne Huser, Down by the River: The Impact of Federal Water Projects and Policies on Biological Diversity (Washington, D.C., 1988).
333. For examples of critical assessments of the environmental impact of water resources development written by nonhistorians but utilizing historical case studies, see Elizabeth S. Helfman, Rivers and Watersheds in America's Future (New York, 1965); Donald E. Carr, Death of the Sweet Waters (New York, 1966); Gene Marine, America the Raped: The Engineering Mentality and the Devastation of a Continent (New York, 1969); George Laycock, The Diligent Destroyers (New York, 1970); Arthur E. Morgan, Dams and Other Disasters: A Century of the Army Corps of Engineers in Civil Works (Boston, 1971); Richard L. Berkman and W. Kip Viscusi, Damming the West (New York, 1973); Martin Heuvelmans, The River Killers (Harrisburg, Pa., 1974); Edward Goldsmith and Nicholas Hildyard, The Social and Environmental Effects of Large Dams (San Francisco, 1984); and Constance Elizabeth Hunt and Verne Huser, Down by the River: The Impact of Federal Water Projects and Policies on Biological Diversity (Washington, D.C., 1988).
334. For examples of critical assessments of the environmental impact of water resources development written by nonhistorians but utilizing historical case studies, see Elizabeth S. Helfman, Rivers and Watersheds in America's Future (New York, 1965); Donald E. Carr, Death of the Sweet Waters (New York, 1966); Gene Marine, America the Raped: The Engineering Mentality and the Devastation of a Continent (New York, 1969); George Laycock, The Diligent Destroyers (New York, 1970); Arthur E. Morgan, Dams and Other Disasters: A Century of the Army Corps of Engineers in Civil Works (Boston, 1971); Richard L. Berkman and W. Kip Viscusi, Damming the West (New York, 1973); Martin Heuvelmans, The River Killers (Harrisburg, Pa., 1974); Edward Goldsmith and Nicholas Hildyard, The Social and Environmental Effects of Large Dams (San Francisco, 1984); and Constance Elizabeth Hunt and Verne Huser, Down by the River: The Impact of Federal Water Projects and Policies on Biological Diversity (Washington, D.C., 1988).
335. For examples of critical assessments of the environmental impact of water resources development written by nonhistorians but utilizing historical case studies, see Elizabeth S. Helfman, Rivers and Watersheds in America's Future (New York, 1965); Donald E. Carr, Death of the Sweet Waters (New York, 1966); Gene Marine, America the Raped: The Engineering Mentality and the Devastation of a Continent (New York, 1969); George Laycock, The Diligent Destroyers (New York, 1970); Arthur E. Morgan, Dams and Other Disasters: A Century of the Army Corps of Engineers in Civil Works (Boston, 1971); Richard L. Berkman and W. Kip Viscusi, Damming the West (New York, 1973); Martin Heuvelmans, The River Killers (Harrisburg, Pa., 1974); Edward Goldsmith and Nicholas Hildyard, The Social and Environmental Effects of Large Dams (San Francisco, 1984); and Constance Elizabeth Hunt and Verne Huser, Down by the River: The Impact of Federal Water Projects and Policies on Biological Diversity (Washington, D.C., 1988).
336. For examples of critical assessments of the environmental impact of water resources development written by nonhistorians but utilizing historical case studies, see Elizabeth S. Helfman, Rivers and Watersheds in America's Future (New York, 1965); Donald E. Carr, Death of the Sweet Waters (New York, 1966); Gene Marine, America the Raped: The Engineering Mentality and the Devastation of a Continent (New York, 1969); George Laycock, The Diligent Destroyers (New York, 1970); Arthur E. Morgan, Dams and Other Disasters: A Century of the Army Corps of Engineers in Civil Works (Boston, 1971); Richard L. Berkman and W. Kip Viscusi, Damming the West (New York, 1973); Martin Heuvelmans, The River Killers (Harrisburg, Pa., 1974); Edward Goldsmith and Nicholas Hildyard, The Social and Environmental Effects of Large Dams (San Francisco, 1984); and Constance Elizabeth Hunt and Verne Huser, Down by the River: The Impact of Federal Water Projects and Policies on Biological Diversity (Washington, D.C., 1988).
337. For examples of critical assessments of the environmental impact of water resources development written by nonhistorians but utilizing historical case studies, see Elizabeth S. Helfman, Rivers and Watersheds in America's Future (New York, 1965); Donald E. Carr, Death of the Sweet Waters (New York, 1966); Gene Marine, America the Raped: The Engineering Mentality and the Devastation of a Continent (New York, 1969); George Laycock, The Diligent Destroyers (New York, 1970); Arthur E. Morgan, Dams and Other Disasters: A Century of the Army Corps of Engineers in Civil Works (Boston, 1971); Richard L. Berkman and W. Kip Viscusi, Damming the West (New York, 1973); Martin Heuvelmans, The River Killers (Harrisburg, Pa., 1974); Edward Goldsmith and Nicholas Hildyard, The Social and Environmental Effects of Large Dams (San Francisco, 1984); and Constance Elizabeth Hunt and Verne Huser, Down by the River: The Impact of Federal Water Projects and Policies on Biological Diversity (Washington, D.C., 1988).
338. For examples of critical assessments of the environmental impact of water resources development written by nonhistorians but utilizing historical case studies, see Elizabeth S. Helfman, Rivers and Watersheds in America's Future (New York, 1965); Donald E. Carr, Death of the Sweet Waters (New York, 1966); Gene Marine, America the Raped: The Engineering Mentality and the Devastation of a Continent (New York, 1969); George Laycock, The Diligent Destroyers (New York, 1970); Arthur E. Morgan, Dams and Other Disasters: A Century of the Army Corps of Engineers in Civil Works (Boston, 1971); Richard L. Berkman and W. Kip Viscusi, Damming the West (New York, 1973); Martin Heuvelmans, The River Killers (Harrisburg, Pa., 1974); Edward Goldsmith and Nicholas Hildyard, The Social and Environmental Effects of Large Dams (San Francisco, 1984); and Constance Elizabeth Hunt and Verne Huser, Down by the River: The Impact of Federal Water Projects and Policies on Biological Diversity (Washington, D.C., 1988).
339. For examples of critical assessments of the environmental impact of water resources development written by nonhistorians but utilizing historical case studies, see Elizabeth S. Helfman, Rivers and Watersheds in America's Future (New York, 1965); Donald E. Carr, Death of the Sweet Waters (New York, 1966); Gene Marine, America the Raped: The Engineering Mentality and the Devastation of a Continent (New York, 1969); George Laycock, The Diligent Destroyers (New York, 1970); Arthur E. Morgan, Dams and Other Disasters: A Century of the Army Corps of Engineers in Civil Works (Boston, 1971); Richard L. Berkman and W. Kip Viscusi, Damming the West (New York, 1973); Martin Heuvelmans, The River Killers (Harrisburg, Pa., 1974); Edward Goldsmith and Nicholas Hildyard, The Social and Environmental Effects of Large Dams (San Francisco, 1984); and Constance Elizabeth Hunt and Verne Huser, Down by the River: The Impact of Federal Water Projects and Policies on Biological Diversity (Washington, D.C., 1988).
340. Richard A. Bartlett, Troubled Waters: Champion International and the Pigeon River Controversy (Knoxville, Tenn., 1995); and Burke (n. 16 above). Also useful is Thomas R. Huffman, Protectors of the Land and Water: Environmentalism in Wisconsin, 1961-1968 (Chapel Hill, N.C., 1994).
341. Richard A. Bartlett, Troubled Waters: Champion International and the Pigeon River Controversy (Knoxville, Tenn., 1995); and Burke (n. 16 above). Also useful is Thomas R. Huffman, Protectors of the Land and Water: Environmentalism in Wisconsin, 1961-1968 (Chapel Hill, N.C., 1994).
342. Richard A. Bartlett, Troubled Waters: Champion International and the Pigeon River Controversy (Knoxville, Tenn., 1995); and Burke (n. 16 above). Also useful is Thomas R. Huffman, Protectors of the Land and Water: Environmentalism in Wisconsin, 1961-1968 (Chapel Hill, N.C., 1994).
343. Peter A. Coates, The Trans-Alaska Pipeline Controversy: Technology, Conservation, and the Frontier (Bethlehem, Pa., 1991); and Stine, Mixing the Waters (n. 19 above). See also Jeffrey K. Stine, "Environmental Politics and Water Resources Development: The Case of the Army Corps of Engineers during the 1970s" (Ph.D. diss., University of California, Santa Barbara, 1984); and Donald Worster, "Alaska: The Underworld Erupts," in his Under Western Skies: Nature and History in the American West (New York, 1992), 154-224.
344. Peter A. Coates, The Trans-Alaska Pipeline Controversy: Technology, Conservation, and the Frontier (Bethlehem, Pa., 1991); and Stine, Mixing the Waters (n. 19 above). See also Jeffrey K. Stine, "Environmental Politics and Water Resources Development: The Case of the Army Corps of Engineers during the 1970s" (Ph.D. diss., University of California, Santa Barbara, 1984); and Donald Worster, "Alaska: The Underworld Erupts," in his Under Western Skies: Nature and History in the American West (New York, 1992), 154-224.
345. Peter A. Coates, The Trans-Alaska Pipeline Controversy: Technology, Conservation, and the Frontier (Bethlehem, Pa., 1991); and Stine, Mixing the Waters (n. 19 above). See also Jeffrey K. Stine, "Environmental Politics and Water Resources Development: The Case of the Army Corps of Engineers during the 1970s" (Ph.D. diss., University of California, Santa Barbara, 1984); and Donald Worster, "Alaska: The Underworld Erupts," in his Under Western Skies: Nature and History in the American West (New York, 1992), 154-224.
346. Peter A. Coates, The Trans-Alaska Pipeline Controversy: Technology, Conservation, and the Frontier (Bethlehem, Pa., 1991); and Stine, Mixing the Waters (n. 19 above). See also Jeffrey K. Stine, "Environmental Politics and Water Resources Development: The Case of the Army Corps of Engineers during the 1970s" (Ph.D. diss., University of California, Santa Barbara, 1984); and Donald Worster, "Alaska: The Underworld Erupts," in his Under Western Skies: Nature and History in the American West (New York, 1992), 154-224.
347. See Rosenberg, Technology and American Economic Growth (n. 8 above), 18-24; and Nathan Rosenberg, "Technological Innovation and Natural Resources: The Niggardliness of Nature Reconsidered," in Technological Innovation: A Critical Review of Current Knowledge, ed. Patrick Kelly and Melvin Kranzberg (San Francisco, 1978), 183-97.
348. See Rosenberg, Technology and American Economic Growth (n. 8 above), 18-24; and Nathan Rosenberg, "Technological Innovation and Natural Resources: The Niggardliness of Nature Reconsidered," in Technological Innovation: A Critical Review of Current Knowledge, ed. Patrick Kelly and Melvin Kranzberg (San Francisco, 1978), 183-97.
349. Duane A. Smith, Mining America: The Industry and the Environment, 1800-1980 (Lawrence, Kans., 1987); Timothy J. LeCain, "Moving Mountains: Technology and the Environment in Western Copper Mining" (Ph.D. diss., University of Delaware, 1998); Fredric L. Quivik, "Smoke and Tailings: An Environmental History of Copper Smelting Technologies in Montana, 1880-1930" (Ph.D. diss., University of Pennsylvania, 1998); and William Cronon, "Kennecott Journey: The Paths out of Town," in Under an Open Sky: Rethinking America's Western Past, ed. William Cronon, George Miles, and Jay Gitlin (New York, 1992), 28-51. See also Robert L. Kelley, Gold vs. Grain: The Hydraulic Mining Controversy in California's Sacramento Valley (Glendale, Calif., 1959); Larry D. Lankton, Cradle to Grave: Life, Work, and Death at the Lake Superior Copper Mines (New York, 1991); M. L. Quinn, "Industry and Environment in the Appalachian Copper Basin, 1890-1930," Technology and Culture 34 (1993): 575-612; John D. Wirth, "The Trail Smelter Dispute: Canadians and Americans Confront Transboundary Pollution, 1927-41," Environmental History 1 (1996): 34-51; and Fredric L. Quivik, "The Historic Landscape of Butte and Anaconda, Montana," in Images of an American Land: Vernacular Architecture in the Western United States, ed. Thomas Carter (Albuquerque, N. Mex., 1997), 267-90.
350. Duane A. Smith, Mining America: The Industry and the Environment, 1800-1980 (Lawrence, Kans., 1987); Timothy J. LeCain, "Moving Mountains: Technology and the Environment in Western Copper Mining" (Ph.D. diss., University of Delaware, 1998); Fredric L. Quivik, "Smoke and Tailings: An Environmental History of Copper Smelting Technologies in Montana, 1880-1930" (Ph.D. diss., University of Pennsylvania, 1998); and William Cronon, "Kennecott Journey: The Paths out of Town," in Under an Open Sky: Rethinking America's Western Past, ed. William Cronon, George Miles, and Jay Gitlin (New York, 1992), 28-51. See also Robert L. Kelley, Gold vs. Grain: The Hydraulic Mining Controversy in California's Sacramento Valley (Glendale, Calif., 1959); Larry D. Lankton, Cradle to Grave: Life, Work, and Death at the Lake Superior Copper Mines (New York, 1991); M. L. Quinn, "Industry and Environment in the Appalachian Copper Basin, 1890-1930," Technology and Culture 34 (1993): 575-612; John D. Wirth, "The Trail Smelter Dispute: Canadians and Americans Confront Transboundary Pollution, 1927-41," Environmental History 1 (1996): 34-51; and Fredric L. Quivik, "The Historic Landscape of Butte and Anaconda, Montana," in Images of an American Land: Vernacular Architecture in the Western United States, ed. Thomas Carter (Albuquerque, N. Mex., 1997), 267-90.
351. Duane A. Smith, Mining America: The Industry and the Environment, 1800-1980 (Lawrence, Kans., 1987); Timothy J. LeCain, "Moving Mountains: Technology and the Environment in Western Copper Mining" (Ph.D. diss., University of Delaware, 1998); Fredric L. Quivik, "Smoke and Tailings: An Environmental History of Copper Smelting Technologies in Montana, 1880-1930" (Ph.D. diss., University of Pennsylvania, 1998); and William Cronon, "Kennecott Journey: The Paths out of Town," in Under an Open Sky: Rethinking America's Western Past, ed. William Cronon, George Miles, and Jay Gitlin (New York, 1992), 28-51. See also Robert L. Kelley, Gold vs. Grain: The Hydraulic Mining Controversy in California's Sacramento Valley (Glendale, Calif., 1959); Larry D. Lankton, Cradle to Grave: Life, Work, and Death at the Lake Superior Copper Mines (New York, 1991); M. L. Quinn, "Industry and Environment in the Appalachian Copper Basin, 1890-1930," Technology and Culture 34 (1993): 575-612; John D. Wirth, "The Trail Smelter Dispute: Canadians and Americans Confront Transboundary Pollution, 1927-41," Environmental History 1 (1996): 34-51; and Fredric L. Quivik, "The Historic Landscape of Butte and Anaconda, Montana," in Images of an American Land: Vernacular Architecture in the Western United States, ed. Thomas Carter (Albuquerque, N. Mex., 1997), 267-90.
352. Duane A. Smith, Mining America: The Industry and the Environment, 1800-1980 (Lawrence, Kans., 1987); Timothy J. LeCain, "Moving Mountains: Technology and the Environment in Western Copper Mining" (Ph.D. diss., University of Delaware, 1998); Fredric L. Quivik, "Smoke and Tailings: An Environmental History of Copper Smelting Technologies in Montana, 1880-1930" (Ph.D. diss., University of Pennsylvania, 1998); and William Cronon, "Kennecott Journey: The Paths out of Town," in Under an Open Sky: Rethinking America's Western Past, ed. William Cronon, George Miles, and Jay Gitlin (New York, 1992), 28-51. See also Robert L. Kelley, Gold vs. Grain: The Hydraulic Mining Controversy in California's Sacramento Valley (Glendale, Calif., 1959); Larry D. Lankton, Cradle to Grave: Life, Work, and Death at the Lake Superior Copper Mines (New York, 1991); M. L. Quinn, "Industry and Environment in the Appalachian Copper Basin, 1890-1930," Technology and Culture 34 (1993): 575-612; John D. Wirth, "The Trail Smelter Dispute: Canadians and Americans Confront Transboundary Pollution, 1927-41," Environmental History 1 (1996): 34-51; and Fredric L. Quivik, "The Historic Landscape of Butte and Anaconda, Montana," in Images of an American Land: Vernacular Architecture in the Western United States, ed. Thomas Carter (Albuquerque, N. Mex., 1997), 267-90.
353. Duane A. Smith, Mining America: The Industry and the Environment, 1800-1980 (Lawrence, Kans., 1987); Timothy J. LeCain, "Moving Mountains: Technology and the Environment in Western Copper Mining" (Ph.D. diss., University of Delaware, 1998); Fredric L. Quivik, "Smoke and Tailings: An Environmental History of Copper Smelting Technologies in Montana, 1880-1930" (Ph.D. diss., University of Pennsylvania, 1998); and William Cronon, "Kennecott Journey: The Paths out of Town," in Under an Open Sky: Rethinking America's Western Past, ed. William Cronon, George Miles, and Jay Gitlin (New York, 1992), 28-51. See also Robert L. Kelley, Gold vs. Grain: The Hydraulic Mining Controversy in California's Sacramento Valley (Glendale, Calif., 1959); Larry D. Lankton, Cradle to Grave: Life, Work, and Death at the Lake Superior Copper Mines (New York, 1991); M. L. Quinn, "Industry and Environment in the Appalachian Copper Basin, 1890-1930," Technology and Culture 34 (1993): 575-612; John D. Wirth, "The Trail Smelter Dispute: Canadians and Americans Confront Transboundary Pollution, 1927-41," Environmental History 1 (1996): 34-51; and Fredric L. Quivik, "The Historic Landscape of Butte and Anaconda, Montana," in Images of an American Land: Vernacular Architecture in the Western United States, ed. Thomas Carter (Albuquerque, N. Mex., 1997), 267-90.
354. Duane A. Smith, Mining America: The Industry and the Environment, 1800-1980 (Lawrence, Kans., 1987); Timothy J. LeCain, "Moving Mountains: Technology and the Environment in Western Copper Mining" (Ph.D. diss., University of Delaware, 1998); Fredric L. Quivik, "Smoke and Tailings: An Environmental History of Copper Smelting Technologies in Montana, 1880-1930" (Ph.D. diss., University of Pennsylvania, 1998); and William Cronon, "Kennecott Journey: The Paths out of Town," in Under an Open Sky: Rethinking America's Western Past, ed. William Cronon, George Miles, and Jay Gitlin (New York, 1992), 28-51. See also Robert L. Kelley, Gold vs. Grain: The Hydraulic Mining Controversy in California's Sacramento Valley (Glendale, Calif., 1959); Larry D. Lankton, Cradle to Grave: Life, Work, and Death at the Lake Superior Copper Mines (New York, 1991); M. L. Quinn, "Industry and Environment in the Appalachian Copper Basin, 1890-1930," Technology and Culture 34 (1993): 575-612; John D. Wirth, "The Trail Smelter Dispute: Canadians and Americans Confront Transboundary Pollution, 1927-41," Environmental History 1 (1996): 34-51; and Fredric L. Quivik, "The Historic Landscape of Butte and Anaconda, Montana," in Images of an American Land: Vernacular Architecture in the Western United States, ed. Thomas Carter (Albuquerque, N. Mex., 1997), 267-90.
355. Duane A. Smith, Mining America: The Industry and the Environment, 1800-1980 (Lawrence, Kans., 1987); Timothy J. LeCain, "Moving Mountains: Technology and the Environment in Western Copper Mining" (Ph.D. diss., University of Delaware, 1998); Fredric L. Quivik, "Smoke and Tailings: An Environmental History of Copper Smelting Technologies in Montana, 1880-1930" (Ph.D. diss., University of Pennsylvania, 1998); and William Cronon, "Kennecott Journey: The Paths out of Town," in Under an Open Sky: Rethinking America's Western Past, ed. William Cronon, George Miles, and
356. Duane A. Smith, Mining America: The Industry and the Environment, 1800-1980 (Lawrence, Kans., 1987); Timothy J. LeCain, "Moving Mountains: Technology and the Environment in Western Copper Mining" (Ph.D. diss., University of Delaware, 1998); Fredric L. Quivik, "Smoke and Tailings: An Environmental History of Copper Smelting Technologies in Montana, 1880-1930" (Ph.D. diss., University of Pennsylvania, 1998); and William Cronon, "Kennecott Journey: The Paths out of Town," in Under an Open Sky: Rethinking America's Western Past, ed. William Cronon, George Miles, and Jay Gitlin (New York, 1992), 28-51. See also Robert L. Kelley, Gold vs. Grain: The Hydraulic Mining Controversy in California's Sacramento Valley (Glendale, Calif., 1959); Larry D. Lankton, Cradle to Grave: Life, Work, and Death at the Lake Superior Copper Mines (New York, 1991); M. L. Quinn, "Industry and Environment in the Appalachian Copper Basin, 1890-1930," Technology and Culture 34 (1993): 575-612; John D. Wirth, "The Trail Smelter Dispute: Canadians and Americans Confront Transboundary Pollution, 1927-41," Environmental History 1 (1996): 34-51; and Fredric L. Quivik, "The Historic Landscape of Butte and Anaconda, Montana," in Images of an American Land: Vernacular Architecture in the Western United States, ed. Thomas Carter (Albuquerque, N. Mex., 1997), 267-90.
357. Duane A. Smith, Mining America: The Industry and the Environment, 1800-1980 (Lawrence, Kans., 1987); Timothy J. LeCain, "Moving Mountains: Technology and the Environment in Western Copper Mining" (Ph.D. diss., University of Delaware, 1998); Fredric L. Quivik, "Smoke and Tailings: An Environmental History of Copper Smelting Technologies in Montana, 1880-1930" (Ph.D. diss., University of Pennsylvania, 1998); and William Cronon, "Kennecott Journey: The Paths out of Town," in Under an Open Sky: Rethinking America's Western Past, ed. William Cronon, George Miles, and Jay Gitlin (New York, 1992), 28-51. See also Robert L. Kelley, Gold vs. Grain: The Hydraulic Mining Controversy in California's Sacramento Valley (Glendale, Calif., 1959); Larry D. Lankton, Cradle to Grave: Life, Work, and Death at the Lake Superior Copper Mines (New York, 1991); M. L. Quinn, "Industry and Environment in the Appalachian Copper Basin, 1890-1930," Technology and Culture 34 (1993): 575-612; John D. Wirth, "The Trail Smelter Dispute: Canadians and Americans Confront Transboundary Pollution, 1927-41," Environmental History 1 (1996): 34-51; and Fredric L. Quivik, "The Historic Landscape of Butte and Anaconda, Montana," in Images of an American Land: Vernacular Architecture in the Western United States, ed. Thomas Carter (Albuquerque, N. Mex., 1997), 267-90.
358. Agricultural history once commanded greater attention within SHOT and the pages of Technology and Culture, although these earlier works tended to focus on the hardware, not on the environmental effects of technology. This tradition can be seen in C. Clyde Jones and Homer E. Socolofsky, guest editors, "Agricultural History Symposium: Science and Technology in Agriculture," a special issue of Agricultural History 54 (January 1980). For a guide to this literature, see R. Douglas Hurt and Mary Ellen Hurt, The History of Agricultural Science and Technology: An International Annotated Bibliography (New York, 1994).
359. Agricultural history once commanded greater attention within SHOT and the pages of Technology and Culture, although these earlier works tended to focus on the hardware, not on the environmental effects of technology. This tradition can be seen in C. Clyde Jones and Homer E. Socolofsky, guest editors, "Agricultural History Symposium: Science and Technology in Agriculture," a special issue of Agricultural History 54 (January 1980). For a guide to this literature, see R. Douglas Hurt and Mary Ellen Hurt, The History of Agricultural Science and Technology: An International Annotated Bibliography (New York, 1994).
360. Worster, "Agroecological Perspective in History" (n. 14 above), 1087-106. See also Carville Earle, "The Myth of the Southern Soil Miner: Macrohistory, Agricultural Innovation, and Environmental Change," in The Ends of the Earth: Perspectives on Modern Environmental History, ed. Donald Worster (New York, 1988), 175-210; Daniel E. Vasey, An Ecological History of Agriculture, 10,000 B.C.-A.D. 10,000 (Ames, Iowa, 1992); Frieda Knobloch, The Culture of Wilderness: Agriculture as Colonization in the American West (Chapel Hill, N.C., 1996); and Emily W. B. Russell, People and the Land through Time: Linking Ecology and History (New Haven, Conn., 1997).
361. Worster, "Agroecological Perspective in History" (n. 14 above), 1087-106. See also Carville Earle, "The Myth of the Southern Soil Miner: Macrohistory, Agricultural Innovation, and Environmental Change," in The Ends of the Earth: Perspectives on Modern Environmental History, ed. Donald Worster (New York, 1988), 175-210; Daniel E. Vasey, An Ecological History of Agriculture, 10,000 B.C.-A.D. 10,000 (Ames, Iowa, 1992); Frieda Knobloch, The Culture of Wilderness: Agriculture as Colonization in the American West (Chapel Hill, N.C., 1996); and Emily W. B. Russell, People and the Land through Time: Linking Ecology and History (New Haven, Conn., 1997).
362. Worster, "Agroecological Perspective in History" (n. 14 above), 1087-106. See also Carville Earle, "The Myth of the Southern Soil Miner: Macrohistory, Agricultural Innovation, and Environmental Change," in The Ends of the Earth: Perspectives on Modern Environmental History, ed. Donald Worster (New York, 1988), 175-210; Daniel E. Vasey, An Ecological History of Agriculture, 10,000 B.C.-A.D. 10,000 (Ames, Iowa, 1992); Frieda Knobloch, The Culture of Wilderness: Agriculture as Colonization in the American West (Chapel Hill, N.C., 1996); and Emily W. B. Russell, People and the Land through Time: Linking Ecology and History (New Haven, Conn., 1997).
363. Worster, "Agroecological Perspective in History" (n. 14 above), 1087-106. See also Carville Earle, "The Myth of the Southern Soil Miner: Macrohistory, Agricultural Innovation, and Environmental Change," in The Ends of the Earth: Perspectives on Modern Environmental History, ed. Donald Worster (New York, 1988), 175-210; Daniel E. Vasey, An Ecological History of Agriculture, 10,000 B.C.-A.D. 10,000 (Ames, Iowa, 1992); Frieda Knobloch, The Culture of Wilderness: Agriculture as Colonization in the American West (Chapel Hill, N.C., 1996); and Emily W. B. Russell, People and the Land through Time: Linking Ecology and History (New Haven, Conn., 1997).
364. Worster, "Agroecological Perspective in History" (n. 14 above), 1087-106. See also Carville Earle, "The Myth of the Southern Soil Miner: Macrohistory, Agricultural Innovation, and Environmental Change," in The Ends of the Earth: Perspectives on Modern Environmental History, ed. Donald Worster (New York, 1988), 175-210; Daniel E. Vasey, An Ecological History of Agriculture, 10,000 B.C.-A.D. 10,000 (Ames, Iowa, 1992); Frieda Knobloch, The Culture of Wilderness: Agriculture as Colonization in the American West (Chapel Hill, N.C., 1996); and Emily W. B. Russell, People and the Land through Time: Linking Ecology and History (New Haven, Conn., 1997).
365. Carolyn Merchant, Ecological Revolutions: Nature, Gender, and Science in New England (Chapel Hill, N.C., 1989); Mart A. Stewart, "What Nature Suffers to Groe": Life, Labor, and Landscape on the Georgia Coast, 1680-1920 (Athens, Ga., 1996); and Richard White, Land Use, Environment, and Social Change: The Shaping of Island County, Washington (Seattle, 1980). See also James C. Malin, The Grassland of North America: Prolegomena to Its History (Lawrence, Kans., 1947); William Cronon, Changes in the Land: Indians, Colonists, and the Ecology of New England (New York, 1983); Albert E. Cowdrey, This Land, This South: An Environmental History (Lexington, Ky., 1983); Timothy Silver, A New Face on the Countryside: Indians, Colonists, and Slaves in South Atlantic Forests, 1500-1800 (Cambridge, 1990); and Jack Temple Kirby, Poquosin: A Study of Rural Landscape and Society (Chapel Hill, N.C., 1995). For parallel perspectives on a regional fishing industry, see Arthur F. McEvoy, The Fisherman's Problem: Ecology and Law in the California Fisheries, 1850-1980 (Cambridge, 1986).
366. Carolyn Merchant, Ecological Revolutions: Nature, Gender, and Science in New England (Chapel Hill, N.C., 1989); Mart A. Stewart, "What Nature Suffers to Groe": Life, Labor, and Landscape on the Georgia Coast, 1680-1920 (Athens, Ga., 1996); and Richard White, Land Use, Environment, and Social Change: The Shaping of Island County, Washington (Seattle, 1980). See also James C. Malin, The Grassland of North America: Prolegomena to Its History (Lawrence, Kans., 1947); William Cronon, Changes in the Land: Indians, Colonists, and the Ecology of New England (New York, 1983); Albert E. Cowdrey, This Land, This South: An Environmental History (Lexington, Ky., 1983); Timothy Silver, A New Face on the Countryside: Indians, Colonists, and Slaves in South Atlantic Forests, 1500-1800 (Cambridge, 1990); and Jack Temple Kirby, Poquosin: A Study of Rural Landscape and Society (Chapel Hill, N.C., 1995). For parallel perspectives on a regional fishing industry, see Arthur F. McEvoy, The Fisherman's Problem: Ecology and Law in the California Fisheries, 1850-1980 (Cambridge, 1986).
367. Carolyn Merchant, Ecological Revolutions: Nature, Gender, and Science in New England (Chapel Hill, N.C., 1989); Mart A. Stewart, "What Nature Suffers to Groe": Life, Labor, and Landscape on the Georgia Coast, 1680-1920 (Athens, Ga., 1996); and Richard White, Land Use, Environment, and Social Change: The Shaping of Island County, Washington (Seattle, 1980). See also James C. Malin, The Grassland of North America: Prolegomena to Its History (Lawrence, Kans., 1947); William Cronon, Changes in the Land: Indians, Colonists, and the Ecology of New England (New York, 1983); Albert E. Cowdrey, This Land, This South: An Environmental History (Lexington, Ky., 1983); Timothy Silver, A New Face on the Countryside: Indians, Colonists, and Slaves in South Atlantic Forests, 1500-1800 (Cambridge, 1990); and Jack Temple Kirby, Poquosin: A Study of Rural Landscape and Society (Chapel Hill, N.C., 1995). For parallel perspectives on a regional fishing industry, see Arthur F. McEvoy, The Fisherman's Problem: Ecology and Law in the California Fisheries, 1850-1980 (Cambridge, 1986).
368. Carolyn Merchant, Ecological Revolutions: Nature, Gender, and Science in New England (Chapel Hill, N.C., 1989); Mart A. Stewart, "What Nature Suffers to Groe": Life, Labor, and Landscape on the Georgia Coast, 1680-1920 (Athens, Ga., 1996); and Richard White, Land Use, Environment, and Social Change: The Shaping of Island County, Washington (Seattle, 1980). See also James C. Malin, The Grassland of North America: Prolegomena to Its History (Lawrence, Kans., 1947); William Cronon, Changes in the Land: Indians, Colonists, and the Ecology of New England (New York, 1983); Albert E. Cowdrey, This Land, This South: An Environmental History (Lexington, Ky., 1983); Timothy Silver, A New Face on the Countryside: Indians, Colonists, and Slaves in South Atlantic Forests, 1500-1800 (Cambridge, 1990); and Jack Temple Kirby, Poquosin: A Study of Rural Landscape and Society (Chapel Hill, N.C., 1995). For parallel perspectives on a regional fishing industry, see Arthur F. McEvoy, The Fisherman's Problem: Ecology and Law in the California Fisheries, 1850-1980 (Cambridge, 1986).
369. Carolyn Merchant, Ecological Revolutions: Nature, Gender, and Science in New England (Chapel Hill, N.C., 1989); Mart A. Stewart, "What Nature Suffers to Groe": Life, Labor, and Landscape on the Georgia Coast, 1680-1920 (Athens, Ga., 1996); and Richard White, Land Use, Environment, and Social Change: The Shaping of Island County, Washington (Seattle, 1980). See also James C. Malin, The Grassland of North America: Prolegomena to Its History (Lawrence, Kans., 1947); William Cronon, Changes in the Land: Indians, Colonists, and the Ecology of New England (New York, 1983); Albert E. Cowdrey, This Land, This South: An Environmental History (Lexington, Ky., 1983); Timothy Silver, A New Face on the Countryside: Indians, Colonists, and Slaves in South Atlantic Forests, 1500-1800 (Cambridge, 1990); and Jack Temple Kirby, Poquosin: A Study of Rural Landscape and Society (Chapel Hill, N.C., 1995). For parallel perspectives on a regional fishing industry, see Arthur F. McEvoy, The Fisherman's Problem: Ecology and Law in the California Fisheries, 1850-1980 (Cambridge, 1986).
370. Carolyn Merchant, Ecological Revolutions: Nature, Gender, and Science in New England (Chapel Hill, N.C., 1989); Mart A. Stewart, "What Nature Suffers to Groe": Life, Labor, and Landscape on the Georgia Coast, 1680-1920 (Athens, Ga., 1996); and Richard White, Land Use, Environment, and Social Change: The Shaping of Island County, Washington (Seattle, 1980). See also James C. Malin, The Grassland of North America: Prolegomena to Its History (Lawrence, Kans., 1947); William Cronon, Changes in the Land: Indians, Colonists, and the Ecology of New England (New York, 1983); Albert E. Cowdrey, This Land, This South: An Environmental History (Lexington, Ky., 1983); Timothy Silver, A New Face on the Countryside: Indians, Colonists, and Slaves in South Atlantic Forests, 1500-1800 (Cambridge, 1990); and Jack Temple Kirby, Poquosin: A Study of Rural Landscape and Society (Chapel Hill, N.C., 1995). For parallel perspectives on a regional fishing industry, see Arthur F. McEvoy, The Fisherman's Problem: Ecology and Law in the California Fisheries, 1850-1980 (Cambridge, 1986).
371. Carolyn Merchant, Ecological Revolutions: Nature, Gender, and Science in New England (Chapel Hill, N.C., 1989); Mart A. Stewart, "What Nature Suffers to Groe": Life, Labor, and Landscape on the Georgia Coast, 1680-1920 (Athens, Ga., 1996); and Richard White, Land Use, Environment, and Social Change: The Shaping of Island County, Washington (Seattle, 1980). See also James C. Malin, The Grassland of North America: Prolegomena to Its History (Lawrence, Kans., 1947); William Cronon, Changes in the Land: Indians, Colonists, and the Ecology of New England (New York, 1983); Albert E. Cowdrey, This Land, This South: An Environmental History (Lexington, Ky., 1983); Timothy Silver, A New Face on the Countryside: Indians, Colonists, and Slaves in South Atlantic Forests, 1500-1800 (Cambridge, 1990); and Jack Temple Kirby, Poquosin: A Study of Rural Landscape and Society (Chapel Hill, N.C., 1995). For parallel perspectives on a regional fishing industry, see Arthur F. McEvoy, The Fisherman's Problem: Ecology and Law in the California Fisheries, 1850-1980 (Cambridge, 1986).
372. Carolyn Merchant, Ecological Revolutions: Nature, Gender, and Science in New England (Chapel Hill, N.C., 1989); Mart A. Stewart, "What Nature Suffers to Groe": Life, Labor, and Landscape on the Georgia Coast, 1680-1920 (Athens, Ga., 1996); and Richard White, Land Use, Environment, and Social Change: The Shaping of Island County, Washington (Seattle, 1980). See also James C. Malin, The Grassland of North America: Prolegomena to Its History (Lawrence, Kans., 1947); William Cronon, Changes in the Land: Indians, Colonists, and the Ecology of New England (New York, 1983); Albert E. Cowdrey, This Land, This South: An Environmental History (Lexington, Ky., 1983); Timothy Silver, A New Face on the Countryside: Indians, Colonists, and Slaves in South Atlantic Forests, 1500-1800 (Cambridge, 1990); and Jack Temple Kirby, Poquosin: A Study of Rural Landscape and Society (Chapel Hill, N.C., 1995). For parallel perspectives on a regional fishing industry, see Arthur F. McEvoy, The Fisherman's Problem: Ecology and Law in the California Fisheries, 1850-1980 (Cambridge, 1986).
373. Carolyn Merchant, Ecological Revolutions: Nature, Gender, and Science in New England (Chapel Hill, N.C., 1989); Mart A. Stewart, "What Nature Suffers to Groe": Life, Labor, and Landscape on the Georgia Coast, 1680-1920 (Athens, Ga., 1996); and Richard White, Land Use, Environment, and Social Change: The Shaping of Island County, Washington (Seattle, 1980). See also James C. Malin, The Grassland of North America: Prolegomena to Its History (Lawrence, Kans., 1947); William Cronon, Changes in the Land: Indians, Colonists, and the Ecology of New England (New York, 1983); Albert E. Cowdrey, This Land, This South: An Environmental History (Lexington, Ky., 1983); Timothy Silver, A New Face on the Countryside: Indians, Colonists, and Slaves in South Atlantic Forests, 1500-1800 (Cambridge, 1990); and Jack Temple Kirby, Poquosin: A Study of Rural Landscape and Society (Chapel Hill, N.C., 1995). For parallel perspectives on a regional fishing industry, see Arthur F. McEvoy, The Fisherman's Problem: Ecology and Law in the California Fisheries, 1850-1980 (Cambridge, 1986).
374. Donald Worster, Dust Bowl: The Southern Plains in the 1930s (New York, 1979). For an extension of this argument, see Donald Worster, An Unsettled Country: Changing Landscapes of the American West (Albuquerque, N. Mex., 1994). For an alternative interpretation, see R. Douglas Hurt, The Dust Bowl: An Agricultural and Social History (Chicago, 1981).
375. Donald Worster, Dust Bowl: The Southern Plains in the 1930s (New York, 1979). For an extension of this argument, see Donald Worster, An Unsettled Country: Changing Landscapes of the American West (Albuquerque, N. Mex., 1994). For an alternative interpretation, see R. Douglas Hurt, The Dust Bowl: An Agricultural and Social History (Chicago, 1981).
376. Donald Worster, Dust Bowl: The Southern Plains in the 1930s (New York, 1979). For an extension of this argument, see Donald Worster, An Unsettled Country: Changing Landscapes of the American West (Albuquerque, N. Mex., 1994). For an alternative interpretation, see R. Douglas Hurt, The Dust Bowl: An Agricultural and Social History (Chicago, 1981).
377. Rachel Carson, Silent Spring (Boston, 1962); Robert L. Rudd, Pesticides and the Living Landscape (Madison, Wisc., 1964); Frank Graham Jr., Since Silent Spring (Boston, 1970); James Whorton, Before Silent Spring: Pesticides and Public Health in Pre-DDT America (Princeton, N.J., 1974); Douglas Helms, "Just Lookin' for a Home: The Cotton Boll Weevil and the South" (Ph.D. diss., Florida State University, 1977); Gino J. Marco, Robert M. Hollingworth, and William Durham, eds., Silent Spring Revisited (Washington, D.C., 1987); and Christopher J. Bosso, Pesticides and Politics: The Life Cycle of a Public Issue (Pittsburgh, 1987). For a full-scale biography of Carson that addresses both the impact of her writings and her various experiences with industrial pollution, see Linda Lear, Rachel Carson: Witness for Nature (New York, 1997).
378. Rachel Carson, Silent Spring (Boston, 1962); Robert L. Rudd, Pesticides and the Living Landscape (Madison, Wisc., 1964); Frank Graham Jr., Since Silent Spring (Boston, 1970); James Whorton, Before Silent Spring: Pesticides and Public Health in Pre-DDT America (Princeton, N.J., 1974); Douglas Helms, "Just Lookin' for a Home: The Cotton Boll Weevil and the South" (Ph.D. diss., Florida State University, 1977); Gino J. Marco, Robert M. Hollingworth, and William Durham, eds., Silent Spring Revisited (Washington, D.C., 1987); and Christopher J. Bosso, Pesticides and Politics: The Life Cycle of a Public Issue (Pittsburgh, 1987). For a full-scale biography of Carson that addresses both the impact of her writings and her various experiences with industrial pollution, see Linda Lear, Rachel Carson: Witness for Nature (New York, 1997).
379. Rachel Carson, Silent Spring (Boston, 1962); Robert L. Rudd, Pesticides and the Living Landscape (Madison, Wisc., 1964); Frank Graham Jr., Since Silent Spring (Boston, 1970); James Whorton, Before Silent Spring: Pesticides and Public Health in Pre-DDT America (Princeton, N.J., 1974); Douglas Helms, "Just Lookin' for a Home: The Cotton Boll Weevil and the South" (Ph.D. diss., Florida State University, 1977); Gino J. Marco, Robert M. Hollingworth, and William Durham, eds., Silent Spring Revisited (Washington, D.C., 1987); and Christopher J. Bosso, Pesticides and Politics: The Life Cycle of a Public Issue (Pittsburgh, 1987). For a full-scale biography of Carson that addresses both the impact of her writings and her various experiences with industrial pollution, see Linda Lear, Rachel Carson: Witness for Nature (New York, 1997).
380. Rachel Carson, Silent Spring (Boston, 1962); Robert L. Rudd, Pesticides and the Living Landscape (Madison, Wisc., 1964); Frank Graham Jr., Since Silent Spring (Boston, 1970); James Whorton, Before Silent Spring: Pesticides and Public Health in Pre-DDT America (Princeton, N.J., 1974); Douglas Helms, "Just Lookin' for a Home: The Cotton Boll Weevil and the South" (Ph.D. diss., Florida State University, 1977); Gino J. Marco, Robert M. Hollingworth, and William Durham, eds., Silent Spring Revisited (Washington, D.C., 1987); and Christopher J. Bosso, Pesticides and Politics: The Life Cycle of a Public Issue (Pittsburgh, 1987). For a full-scale biography of Carson that addresses both the impact of her writings and her various experiences with industrial pollution, see Linda Lear, Rachel Carson: Witness for Nature (New York, 1997).
381. Rachel Carson, Silent Spring (Boston, 1962); Robert L. Rudd, Pesticides and the Living Landscape (Madison, Wisc., 1964); Frank Graham Jr., Since Silent Spring (Boston, 1970); James Whorton, Before Silent Spring: Pesticides and Public Health in Pre-DDT America (Princeton, N.J., 1974); Douglas Helms, "Just Lookin' for a Home: The Cotton Boll Weevil and the South" (Ph.D. diss., Florida State University, 1977); Gino J. Marco, Robert M. Hollingworth, and William Durham, eds., Silent Spring Revisited (Washington, D.C., 1987); and Christopher J. Bosso, Pesticides and Politics: The Life Cycle of a Public Issue (Pittsburgh, 1987). For a full-scale biography of Carson that addresses both the impact of her writings and her various experiences with industrial pollution, see Linda Lear, Rachel Carson: Witness for Nature (New York, 1997).
382. Rachel Carson, Silent Spring (Boston, 1962); Robert L. Rudd, Pesticides and the Living Landscape (Madison, Wisc., 1964); Frank Graham Jr., Since Silent Spring (Boston, 1970); James Whorton, Before Silent Spring: Pesticides and Public Health in Pre-DDT America (Princeton, N.J., 1974); Douglas Helms, "Just Lookin' for a Home: The Cotton Boll Weevil and the South" (Ph.D. diss., Florida State University, 1977); Gino J. Marco, Robert M. Hollingworth, and William Durham, eds., Silent Spring Revisited (Washington, D.C., 1987); and Christopher J. Bosso, Pesticides and Politics: The Life Cycle of a Public Issue (Pittsburgh, 1987). For a full-scale biography of Carson that addresses both the impact of her writings and her various experiences with industrial pollution, see Linda Lear, Rachel Carson: Witness for Nature (New York, 1997).
383. Rachel Carson, Silent Spring (Boston, 1962); Robert L. Rudd, Pesticides and the Living Landscape (Madison, Wisc., 1964); Frank Graham Jr., Since Silent Spring (Boston, 1970); James Whorton, Before Silent Spring: Pesticides and Public Health in Pre-DDT America (Princeton, N.J., 1974); Douglas Helms, "Just Lookin' for a Home: The Cotton Boll Weevil and the South" (Ph.D. diss., Florida State University, 1977); Gino J. Marco, Robert M. Hollingworth, and William Durham, eds., Silent Spring Revisited (Washington, D.C., 1987); and Christopher J. Bosso, Pesticides and Politics: The Life Cycle of a Public Issue (Pittsburgh, 1987). For a full-scale biography of Carson that addresses both the impact of her writings and her various experiences with industrial pollution, see Linda Lear, Rachel Carson: Witness for Nature (New York, 1997).
384. Rachel Carson, Silent Spring (Boston, 1962); Robert L. Rudd, Pesticides and the Living Landscape (Madison, Wisc., 1964); Frank Graham Jr., Since Silent Spring (Boston, 1970); James Whorton, Before Silent Spring: Pesticides and Public Health in Pre-DDT America (Princeton, N.J., 1974); Douglas Helms, "Just Lookin' for a Home: The Cotton Boll Weevil and the South" (Ph.D. diss., Florida State University, 1977); Gino J. Marco, Robert M. Hollingworth, and William Durham, eds., Silent Spring Revisited (Washington, D.C., 1987); and Christopher J. Bosso, Pesticides and Politics: The Life Cycle of a Public Issue (Pittsburgh, 1987). For a full-scale biography of Carson that addresses both the impact of her writings and her various experiences with industrial pollution, see Linda Lear, Rachel Carson: Witness for Nature (New York, 1997).
385. Whorton; Thomas R. Dunlap, DDT: Scientists, Citizens, and Public Policy (Princeton, 1981); John H. Perkins, Insects, Experts, and the Insecticide Crisis: The Quest for New Pest Management Strategies (New York, 1982); Edmund P. Russell III, "War on Insects: Warfare, Insecticides, and Environmental Change in the United States, 1870-1945" (Ph.D. diss., University of Michigan, 1993), and "'Speaking of Annihilation': Mobilizing for War against Human and Insect Enemies, 1914-1945," Journal of American History 82 (1996): 1505-29. See also Perkins, "Reshaping Technology in Wartime" (n. 16 above).
386. Whorton; Thomas R. Dunlap, DDT: Scientists, Citizens, and Public Policy (Princeton, 1981); John H. Perkins, Insects, Experts, and the Insecticide Crisis: The Quest for New Pest Management Strategies (New York, 1982); Edmund P. Russell III, "War on Insects: Warfare, Insecticides, and Environmental Change in the United States, 1870-1945" (Ph.D. diss., University of Michigan, 1993), and "'Speaking of Annihilation': Mobilizing for War against Human and Insect Enemies, 1914-1945," Journal of American History 82 (1996): 1505-29. See also Perkins, "Reshaping Technology in Wartime" (n. 16 above).
387. Whorton; Thomas R. Dunlap, DDT: Scientists, Citizens, and Public Policy (Princeton, 1981); John H. Perkins, Insects, Experts, and the Insecticide Crisis: The Quest for New Pest Management Strategies (New York, 1982); Edmund P. Russell III, "War on Insects: Warfare, Insecticides, and Environmental Change in the United States, 1870-1945" (Ph.D. diss., University of Michigan, 1993), and "'Speaking of Annihilation': Mobilizing for War against Human and Insect Enemies, 1914-1945," Journal of American History 82 (1996): 1505-29. See also Perkins, "Reshaping Technology in Wartime" (n. 16 above).
388. Whorton; Thomas R. Dunlap, DDT: Scientists, Citizens, and Public Policy (Princeton, 1981); John H. Perkins, Insects, Experts, and the Insecticide Crisis: The Quest for New Pest Management Strategies (New York, 1982); Edmund P. Russell III, "War on Insects: Warfare, Insecticides, and Environmental Change in the United States, 1870-1945" (Ph.D. diss., University of Michigan, 1993), and "'Speaking of Annihilation': Mobilizing for War against Human and Insect Enemies, 1914-1945," Journal of American History 82 (1996): 1505-29. See also Perkins, "Reshaping Technology in Wartime" (n. 16 above).
389. Whorton; Thomas R. Dunlap, DDT: Scientists, Citizens, and Public Policy (Princeton, 1981); John H. Perkins, Insects, Experts, and the Insecticide Crisis: The Quest for New Pest Management Strategies (New York, 1982); Edmund P. Russell III, "War on Insects: Warfare, Insecticides, and Environmental Change in the United States, 1870-1945" (Ph.D. diss., University of Michigan, 1993), and "'Speaking of Annihilation': Mobilizing for War against Human and Insect Enemies, 1914-1945," Journal of American History 82 (1996): 1505-29. See also Perkins, "Reshaping Technology in Wartime" (n. 16 above).
390. John R. Stilgoe, Common Landscape of America, 1580 to 1845 (New Haven, Conn., 1982), and Metropolitan Corridor: Railroads and the American Scene (New Haven, Conn., 1983); Gordon G. Whitney, From Coastal Wilderness to Fruited Plain: A History of Environmental Change in Temperate North America, 1500 to the Present (Cambridge, 1994). For a sample of the contributions of historical geography and landscape studies to our understanding of the reciprocal influences of technology and the environment, see Michael P. Conzen, ed., The Making of the American Landscape (New York, 1990); Bret Wallach, At Odds with Progress: Americans and Conservation (Tucson, Ariz., 1991); Larry M. Dilsaver and Craig E. Colten, eds., The American Environment: Interpretations of Past Geographies (Lanham, Md., 1992); Alexander Wilson, The Culture of Nature: North American Landscape from Disney to the "Exxon Valdez" (Cambridge, Mass., 1992); Rutherford H. Platt, Rowan A. Roundtree, and Pamela C. Muick, The Ecological City: Preserving and Restoring Urban Biodiversity (Amherst, Mass., 1994); Robert Thayer, Gray World, Green Heart: Technology, Nature, and the Sustainable Landscape (New York, 1994); and George F. Thompson, ed., Landscape in America (Austin, Tex., 1995). Also useful is Linda Flint McClelland, Building the National Parks: Historic Landscape Design and Construction (Baltimore, 1998).
391. John R. Stilgoe, Common Landscape of America, 1580 to 1845 (New Haven, Conn., 1982), and Metropolitan Corridor: Railroads and the American Scene (New Haven, Conn., 1983); Gordon G. Whitney, From Coastal Wilderness to Fruited Plain: A History of Environmental Change in Temperate North America, 1500 to the Present (Cambridge, 1994). For a sample of the contributions of historical geography and landscape studies to our understanding of the reciprocal influences of technology and the environment, see Michael P. Conzen, ed., The Making of the American Landscape (New York, 1990); Bret Wallach, At Odds with Progress: Americans and Conservation (Tucson, Ariz., 1991); Larry M. Dilsaver and Craig E. Colten, eds., The American Environment: Interpretations of Past Geographies (Lanham, Md., 1992); Alexander Wilson, The Culture of Nature: North American Landscape from Disney to the "Exxon Valdez" (Cambridge, Mass., 1992); Rutherford H. Platt, Rowan A. Roundtree, and Pamela C. Muick, The Ecological City: Preserving and Restoring Urban Biodiversity (Amherst, Mass., 1994); Robert Thayer, Gray World, Green Heart: Technology, Nature, and the Sustainable Landscape (New York, 1994); and George F. Thompson, ed., Landscape in America (Austin, Tex., 1995). Also useful is Linda Flint McClelland, Building the National Parks: Historic Landscape Design and Construction (Baltimore, 1998).
392. John R. Stilgoe, Common Landscape of America, 1580 to 1845 (New Haven, Conn., 1982), and Metropolitan Corridor: Railroads and the American Scene (New Haven, Conn., 1983); Gordon G. Whitney, From Coastal Wilderness to Fruited Plain: A History of Environmental Change in Temperate North America, 1500 to the Present (Cambridge, 1994). For a sample of the contributions of historical geography and landscape studies to our understanding of the reciprocal influences of technology and the environment, see Michael P. Conzen, ed., The Making of the American Landscape (New York, 1990); Bret Wallach, At Odds with Progress: Americans and Conservation (Tucson, Ariz., 1991); Larry M. Dilsaver and Craig E. Colten, eds., The American Environment: Interpretations of Past Geographies (Lanham, Md., 1992); Alexander Wilson, The Culture of Nature: North American Landscape from Disney to the "Exxon Valdez" (Cambridge, Mass., 1992); Rutherford H. Platt, Rowan A. Roundtree, and Pamela C. Muick, The Ecological City: Preserving and Restoring Urban Biodiversity (Amherst, Mass., 1994); Robert Thayer, Gray World, Green Heart: Technology, Nature, and the Sustainable Landscape (New York, 1994); and George F. Thompson, ed., Landscape in America (Austin, Tex., 1995). Also useful is Linda Flint McClelland, Building the National Parks: Historic Landscape Design and Construction (Baltimore, 1998).
393. John R. Stilgoe, Common Landscape of America, 1580 to 1845 (New Haven, Conn., 1982), and Metropolitan Corridor: Railroads and the American Scene (New Haven, Conn., 1983); Gordon G. Whitney, From Coastal Wilderness to Fruited Plain: A History of Environmental Change in Temperate North America, 1500 to the Present (Cambridge, 1994). For a sample of the contributions of historical geography and landscape studies to our understanding of the reciprocal influences of technology and the environment, see Michael P. Conzen, ed., The Making of the American Landscape (New York, 1990); Bret Wallach, At Odds with Progress: Americans and Conservation (Tucson, Ariz., 1991); Larry M. Dilsaver and Craig E. Colten, eds., The American Environment: Interpretations of Past Geographies (Lanham, Md., 1992); Alexander Wilson, The Culture of Nature: North American Landscape from Disney to the "Exxon Valdez" (Cambridge, Mass., 1992); Rutherford H. Platt, Rowan A. Roundtree, and Pamela C. Muick, The Ecological City: Preserving and Restoring Urban Biodiversity (Amherst, Mass., 1994); Robert Thayer, Gray World, Green Heart: Technology, Nature, and the Sustainable Landscape (New York, 1994); and George F. Thompson, ed., Landscape in America (Austin, Tex., 1995). Also useful is Linda Flint McClelland, Building the National Parks: Historic Landscape Design and Construction (Baltimore, 1998).
394. John R. Stilgoe, Common Landscape of America, 1580 to 1845 (New Haven, Conn., 1982), and Metropolitan Corridor: Railroads and the American Scene (New Haven, Conn., 1983); Gordon G. Whitney, From Coastal Wilderness to Fruited Plain: A History of Environmental Change in Temperate North America, 1500 to the Present (Cambridge, 1994). For a sample of the contributions of historical geography and landscape studies to our understanding of the reciprocal influences of technology and the environment, see Michael P. Conzen, ed., The Making of the American Landscape (New York, 1990); Bret Wallach, At Odds with Progress: Americans and Conservation (Tucson, Ariz., 1991); Larry M. Dilsaver and Craig E. Colten, eds., The American Environment: Interpretations of Past Geographies (Lanham, Md., 1992); Alexander Wilson, The Culture of Nature: North American Landscape from Disney to the "Exxon Valdez" (Cambridge, Mass., 1992); Rutherford H. Platt, Rowan A. Roundtree, and Pamela C. Muick, The Ecological City: Preserving and Restoring Urban Biodiversity (Amherst, Mass., 1994); Robert Thayer, Gray World, Green Heart: Technology, Nature, and the Sustainable Landscape (New York, 1994); and George F. Thompson, ed., Landscape in America (Austin, Tex., 1995). Also useful is Linda Flint McClelland, Building the National Parks: Historic Landscape Design and Construction (Baltimore, 1998).
395. John R. Stilgoe, Common Landscape of America, 1580 to 1845 (New Haven, Conn., 1982), and Metropolitan Corridor: Railroads and the American Scene (New Haven, Conn., 1983); Gordon G. Whitney, From Coastal Wilderness to Fruited Plain: A History of Environmental Change in Temperate North America, 1500 to the Present (Cambridge, 1994). For a sample of the contributions of historical geography and landscape studies to our understanding of the reciprocal influences of technology and the environment, see Michael P. Conzen, ed., The Making of the American Landscape (New York, 1990); Bret Wallach, At Odds with Progress: Americans and Conservation (Tucson, Ariz., 1991); Larry M. Dilsaver and Craig E. Colten, eds., The American Environment: Interpretations of Past Geographies (Lanham, Md., 1992); Alexander Wilson, The Culture of Nature: North American Landscape from Disney to the "Exxon Valdez" (Cambridge, Mass., 1992); Rutherford H. Platt, Rowan A. Roundtree, and Pamela C. Muick, The Ecological City: Preserving and Restoring Urban Biodiversity (Amherst, Mass., 1994); Robert Thayer, Gray World, Green Heart: Technology, Nature, and the Sustainable Landscape (New York, 1994); and George F. Thompson, ed., Landscape in America (Austin, Tex., 1995). Also useful is Linda Flint McClelland, Building the National Parks: Historic Landscape Design and Construction (Baltimore, 1998).
396. John R. Stilgoe, Common Landscape of America, 1580 to 1845 (New Haven, Conn., 1982), and Metropolitan Corridor: Railroads and the American Scene (New Haven, Conn., 1983); Gordon G. Whitney, From Coastal Wilderness to Fruited Plain: A History of Environmental Change in Temperate North America, 1500 to the Present (Cambridge, 1994). For a sample of the contributions of historical geography and landscape studies to our understanding of the reciprocal influences of technology and the environment, see Michael P. Conzen, ed., The Making of the American Landscape (New York, 1990); Bret Wallach, At Odds with Progress: Americans and Conservation (Tucson, Ariz., 1991); Larry M. Dilsaver and Craig E. Colten, eds., The American Environment: Interpretations of Past Geographies (Lanham, Md., 1992); Alexander Wilson, The Culture of Nature: North American Landscape from Disney to the "Exxon Valdez" (Cambridge, Mass., 1992); Rutherford H. Platt, Rowan A. Roundtree, and Pamela C. Muick, The Ecological City: Preserving and Restoring Urban Biodiversity (Amherst, Mass., 1994); Robert Thayer, Gray World, Green Heart: Technology, Nature, and the Sustainable Landscape (New York, 1994); and George F. Thompson, ed., Landscape in America (Austin, Tex., 1995). Also useful is Linda Flint McClelland, Building the National Parks: Historic Landscape Design and Construction (Baltimore, 1998).
397. John R. Stilgoe, Common Landscape of America, 1580 to 1845 (New Haven, Conn., 1982), and Metropolitan Corridor: Railroads and the American Scene (New Haven, Conn., 1983); Gordon G. Whitney, From Coastal Wilderness to Fruited Plain: A History of Environmental Change in Temperate North America, 1500 to the Present (Cambridge, 1994). For a sample of the contributions of historical geography and landscape studies to our understanding of the reciprocal influences of technology and the environment, see Michael P. Conzen, ed., The Making of the American Landscape (New York, 1990); Bret Wallach, At Odds with Progress: Americans and Conservation (Tucson, Ariz., 1991); Larry M. Dilsaver and Craig E. Colten, eds., The American Environment: Interpretations of Past Geographies (Lanham, Md., 1992); Alexander Wilson, The Culture of Nature: North American Landscape from Disney to the "Exxon Valdez" (Cambridge, Mass., 1992); Rutherford H. Platt, Rowan A. Roundtree, and Pamela C. Muick, The Ecological City: Preserving and Restoring Urban Biodiversity (Amherst, Mass., 1994); Robert Thayer, Gray World, Green Heart: Technology, Nature, and the Sustainable Landscape (New York, 1994); and George F. Thompson, ed., Landscape in America (Austin, Tex., 1995). Also useful is Linda Flint McClelland, Building the National Parks: Historic Landscape Design and Construction (Baltimore, 1998).
398. John R. Stilgoe, Common Landscape of America, 1580 to 1845 (New Haven, Conn., 1982), and Metropolitan Corridor: Railroads and the American Scene (New Haven, Conn., 1983); Gordon G. Whitney, From Coastal Wilderness to Fruited Plain: A History of Environmental Change in Temperate North America, 1500 to the Present (Cambridge, 1994). For a sample of the contributions of historical geography and landscape studies to our understanding of the reciprocal influences of technology and the environment, see Michael P. Conzen, ed., The Making of the American Landscape (New York, 1990); Bret Wallach, At Odds with Progress: Americans and Conservation (Tucson, Ariz., 1991); Larry M. Dilsaver and Craig E. Colten, eds., The American Environment: Interpretations of Past Geographies (Lanham, Md., 1992); Alexander Wilson, The Culture of Nature: North American Landscape from Disney to the "Exxon Valdez" (Cambridge, Mass., 1992); Rutherford H. Platt, Rowan A. Roundtree, and Pamela C. Muick, The Ecological City: Preserving and Restoring Urban Biodiversity (Amherst, Mass., 1994); Robert Thayer, Gray World, Green Heart: Technology, Nature, and the Sustainable Landscape (New York, 1994); and George F. Thompson, ed., Landscape in America (Austin, Tex., 1995). Also useful is Linda Flint McClelland, Building the National Parks: Historic Landscape Design and Construction (Baltimore, 1998).
399. John R. Stilgoe, Common Landscape of America, 1580 to 1845 (New Haven, Conn., 1982), and Metropolitan Corridor: Railroads and the American Scene (New Haven, Conn., 1983); Gordon G. Whitney, From Coastal Wilderness to Fruited Plain: A History of Environmental Change in Temperate North America, 1500 to the Present (Cambridge, 1994). For a sample of the contributions of historical geography and landscape studies to our understanding of the reciprocal influences of technology and the environment, see Michael P. Conzen, ed., The Making of the American Landscape (New York, 1990); Bret Wallach, At Odds with Progress: Americans and Conservation (Tucson, Ariz., 1991); Larry M. Dilsaver and Craig E. Colten, eds., The American Environment: Interpretations of Past Geographies (Lanham, Md., 1992); Alexander Wilson, The Culture of Nature: North American Landscape from Disney to the "Exxon Valdez" (Cambridge, Mass., 1992); Rutherford H. Platt, Rowan A. Roundtree, and Pamela C. Muick, The Ecological City: Preserving and Restoring Urban Biodiversity (Amherst, Mass., 1994); Robert Thayer, Gray World, Green Heart: Technology, Nature, and the Sustainable Landscape (New York, 1994); and George F. Thompson, ed., Landscape in America (Austin, Tex., 1995). Also useful is Linda Flint McClelland, Building the National Parks: Historic Landscape Design and Construction (Baltimore, 1998).
400. John R. Stilgoe, Common Landscape of America, 1580 to 1845 (New Haven, Conn., 1982), and Metropolitan Corridor: Railroads and the American Scene (New Haven, Conn., 1983); Gordon G. Whitney, From Coastal Wilderness to Fruited Plain: A History of Environmental Change in Temperate North America, 1500 to the Present (Cambridge, 1994). For a sample of the contributions of historical geography and landscape studies to our understanding of the reciprocal influences of technology and the environment, see Michael P. Conzen, ed., The Making of the American Landscape (New York, 1990); Bret Wallach, At Odds with Progress: Americans and Conservation (Tucson, Ariz., 1991); Larry M. Dilsaver and Craig E. Colten, eds., The American Environment: Interpretations of Past Geographies (Lanham, Md., 1992); Alexander Wilson, The Culture of Nature: North American Landscape from Disney to the "Exxon Valdez" (Cambridge, Mass., 1992); Rutherford H. Platt, Rowan A. Roundtree, and Pamela C. Muick, The Ecological City: Preserving and Restoring Urban Biodiversity (Amherst, Mass., 1994); Robert Thayer, Gray World, Green Heart: Technology, Nature, and the Sustainable Landscape (New York, 1994); and George F. Thompson, ed., Landscape in America (Austin, Tex., 1995). Also useful is Linda Flint McClelland, Building the National Parks: Historic Landscape Design and Construction (Baltimore, 1998).
401. Simon Schama, Landscape and Memory (New York, 1995), 9. For his observation that England's "natural" landscape was actually man-made, see René Jules Dubos, So Human an Animal (New York, 1968).
402. Simon Schama, Landscape and Memory (New York, 1995), 9. For his observation that England's "natural" landscape was actually man-made, see René Jules Dubos, So Human an Animal (New York, 1968).
403. David E. Nye, American Technological Sublime (Cambridge, Mass., 1994); and William Irwin, The New Niagara: Tourism, Technology, and the Landscape of Niagara Falls, 1776-1917 (University Park, Pa., 1996). See also Gail E. H. Evans, "Storm over Niagara: A Study of the Interplay of Cultural Values, Resources Politics, and Environmental Policy in an International Setting, 1670-1950" (Ph.D. diss., University of California, Santa Barbara, 1991); and Pierre Berton, Niagara: A History of the Falls (Toronto, 1992).
404. David E. Nye, American Technological Sublime (Cambridge, Mass., 1994); and William Irwin, The New Niagara: Tourism, Technology, and the Landscape of Niagara Falls, 1776-1917 (University Park, Pa., 1996). See also Gail E. H. Evans, "Storm over Niagara: A Study of the Interplay of Cultural Values, Resources Politics, and Environmental Policy in an International Setting, 1670-1950" (Ph.D. diss., University of California, Santa Barbara, 1991); and Pierre Berton, Niagara: A History of the Falls (Toronto, 1992).
405. David E. Nye, American Technological Sublime (Cambridge, Mass., 1994); and William Irwin, The New Niagara: Tourism, Technology, and the Landscape of Niagara Falls, 1776-1917 (University Park, Pa., 1996). See also Gail E. H. Evans, "Storm over Niagara: A Study of the Interplay of Cultural Values, Resources Politics, and Environmental Policy in an International Setting, 1670-1950" (Ph.D. diss., University of California, Santa Barbara, 1991); and Pierre Berton, Niagara: A History of the Falls (Toronto, 1992).
406. David E. Nye, American Technological Sublime (Cambridge, Mass., 1994); and William Irwin, The New Niagara: Tourism, Technology, and the Landscape of Niagara Falls, 1776-1917 (University Park, Pa., 1996). See also Gail E. H. Evans, "Storm over Niagara: A Study of the Interplay of Cultural Values, Resources Politics, and Environmental Policy in an International Setting, 1670-1950" (Ph.D. diss., University of California, Santa Barbara, 1991); and Pierre Berton, Niagara: A History of the Falls (Toronto, 1992).
407. See, for example, Lester W. Milbrath, Environmentalists: Vanguard for a New Society (Albany, N.Y., 1984); James P. Lester, ed., Environmental Politics and Policy: Theories and Evidence (Durham, N.C., 1989); George Hoberg, Pluralism by Design: Environmental Policy and the American Regulatory State (New York, 1992); Philip Shabecoff, A Fierce Green Fire: The American Environmental Movement (New York, 1993); Robert Gottlieb, Forcing the Spring: The Transformation of the American Environmental Movement (Washington, D.C., 1993); Kirkpatrick Sale, The Green Revolution: The American Environmental Movement, 1962-1992 (New York, 1993); and Daniel J. Fiorino, Making Environmental Policy (Berkeley, 1995). The most thorough work by a historian in this area is Samuel P. Hays, Beauty, Health, and Permanence: Environmental Politics in the United States, 1955-1985 (New York, 1987). Also useful is Victor Ferkiss, Nature, Technology, and Society: Cultural Roots of the Current Environmental Crisis (New York, 1993).
408. See, for example, Lester W. Milbrath, Environmentalists: Vanguard for a New Society (Albany, N.Y., 1984); James P. Lester, ed., Environmental Politics and Policy: Theories and Evidence (Durham, N.C., 1989); George Hoberg, Pluralism by Design: Environmental Policy and the American Regulatory State (New York, 1992); Philip Shabecoff, A Fierce Green Fire: The American Environmental Movement (New York, 1993); Robert Gottlieb, Forcing the Spring: The Transformation of the American Environmental Movement (Washington, D.C., 1993); Kirkpatrick Sale, The Green Revolution: The American Environmental Movement, 1962-1992 (New York, 1993); and Daniel J. Fiorino, Making Environmental Policy (Berkeley, 1995). The most thorough work by a historian in this area is Samuel P. Hays, Beauty, Health, and Permanence: Environmental Politics in the United States, 1955-1985 (New York, 1987). Also useful is Victor Ferkiss, Nature, Technology, and Society: Cultural Roots of the Current Environmental Crisis (New York, 1993).
409. See, for example, Lester W. Milbrath, Environmentalists: Vanguard for a New Society (Albany, N.Y., 1984); James P. Lester, ed., Environmental Politics and Policy: Theories and Evidence (Durham, N.C., 1989); George Hoberg, Pluralism by Design: Environmental Policy and the American Regulatory State (New York, 1992); Philip Shabecoff, A Fierce Green Fire: The American Environmental Movement (New York, 1993); Robert Gottlieb, Forcing the Spring: The Transformation of the American Environmental Movement (Washington, D.C., 1993); Kirkpatrick Sale, The Green Revolution: The American Environmental Movement, 1962-1992 (New York, 1993); and Daniel J. Fiorino, Making Environmental Policy (Berkeley, 1995). The most thorough work by a historian in this area is Samuel P. Hays, Beauty, Health, and Permanence: Environmental Politics in the United States, 1955-1985 (New York, 1987). Also useful is Victor Ferkiss, Nature, Technology, and Society: Cultural Roots of the Current Environmental Crisis (New York, 1993).
410. See, for example, Lester W. Milbrath, Environmentalists: Vanguard for a New Society (Albany, N.Y., 1984); James P. Lester, ed., Environmental Politics and Policy: Theories and Evidence (Durham, N.C., 1989); George Hoberg, Pluralism by Design: Environmental Policy and the American Regulatory State (New York, 1992); Philip Shabecoff, A Fierce Green Fire: The American Environmental Movement (New York, 1993); Robert Gottlieb, Forcing the Spring: The Transformation of the American Environmental Movement (Washington, D.C., 1993); Kirkpatrick Sale, The Green Revolution: The American Environmental Movement, 1962-1992 (New York, 1993); and Daniel J. Fiorino, Making Environmental Policy (Berkeley, 1995). The most thorough work by a historian in this area is Samuel P. Hays, Beauty, Health, and Permanence: Environmental Politics in the United States, 1955-1985 (New York, 1987). Also useful is Victor Ferkiss, Nature, Technology, and Society: Cultural Roots of the Current Environmental Crisis (New York, 1993).
411. See, for example, Lester W. Milbrath, Environmentalists: Vanguard for a New Society (Albany, N.Y., 1984); James P. Lester, ed., Environmental Politics and Policy: Theories and Evidence (Durham, N.C., 1989); George Hoberg, Pluralism by Design: Environmental Policy and the American Regulatory State (New York, 1992); Philip Shabecoff, A Fierce Green Fire: The American Environmental Movement (New York, 1993); Robert Gottlieb, Forcing the Spring: The Transformation of the American Environmental Movement (Washington, D.C., 1993); Kirkpatrick Sale, The Green Revolution: The American Environmental Movement, 1962-1992 (New York, 1993); and Daniel J. Fiorino, Making Environmental Policy (Berkeley, 1995). The most thorough work by a historian in this area is Samuel P. Hays, Beauty, Health, and Permanence: Environmental Politics in the United States, 1955-1985 (New York, 1987). Also useful is Victor Ferkiss, Nature, Technology, and Society: Cultural Roots of the Current Environmental Crisis (New York, 1993).
412. See, for example, Lester W. Milbrath, Environmentalists: Vanguard for a New Society (Albany, N.Y., 1984); James P. Lester, ed., Environmental Politics and Policy: Theories and Evidence (Durham, N.C., 1989); George Hoberg, Pluralism by Design: Environmental Policy and the American Regulatory State (New York, 1992); Philip Shabecoff, A Fierce Green Fire: The American Environmental Movement (New York, 1993); Robert Gottlieb, Forcing the Spring: The Transformation of the American Environmental Movement (Washington, D.C., 1993); Kirkpatrick Sale, The Green Revolution: The American Environmental Movement, 1962-1992 (New York, 1993); and Daniel J. Fiorino, Making Environmental Policy (Berkeley, 1995). The most thorough work by a historian in this area is Samuel P. Hays, Beauty, Health, and Permanence: Environmental Politics in the United States, 1955-1985 (New York, 1987). Also useful is Victor Ferkiss, Nature, Technology, and Society: Cultural Roots of the Current Environmental Crisis (New York, 1993).
413. See, for example, Lester W. Milbrath, Environmentalists: Vanguard for a New Society (Albany, N.Y., 1984); James P. Lester, ed., Environmental Politics and Policy: Theories and Evidence (Durham, N.C., 1989); George Hoberg, Pluralism by Design: Environmental Policy and the American Regulatory State (New York, 1992); Philip Shabecoff, A Fierce Green Fire: The American Environmental Movement (New York, 1993); Robert Gottlieb, Forcing the Spring: The Transformation of the American Environmental Movement (Washington, D.C., 1993); Kirkpatrick Sale, The Green Revolution: The American Environmental Movement, 1962-1992 (New York, 1993); and Daniel J. Fiorino, Making Environmental Policy (Berkeley, 1995). The most thorough work by a historian in this area is Samuel P. Hays, Beauty, Health, and Permanence: Environmental Politics in the United States, 1955-1985 (New York, 1987). Also useful is Victor Ferkiss, Nature, Technology, and Society: Cultural Roots of the Current Environmental Crisis (New York, 1993).
414. See, for example, Lester W. Milbrath, Environmentalists: Vanguard for a New Society (Albany, N.Y., 1984); James P. Lester, ed., Environmental Politics and Policy: Theories and Evidence (Durham, N.C., 1989); George Hoberg, Pluralism by Design: Environmental Policy and the American Regulatory State (New York, 1992); Philip Shabecoff, A Fierce Green Fire: The American Environmental Movement (New York, 1993); Robert Gottlieb, Forcing the Spring: The Transformation of the American Environmental Movement (Washington, D.C., 1993); Kirkpatrick Sale, The Green Revolution: The American Environmental Movement, 1962-1992 (New York, 1993); and Daniel J. Fiorino, Making Environmental Policy (Berkeley, 1995). The most thorough work by a historian in this area is Samuel P. Hays, Beauty, Health, and Permanence: Environmental Politics in the United States, 1955-1985 (New York, 1987). Also useful is Victor Ferkiss, Nature, Technology, and Society: Cultural Roots of the Current Environmental Crisis (New York, 1993).
415. See, for example, Lester W. Milbrath, Environmentalists: Vanguard for a New Society (Albany, N.Y., 1984); James P. Lester, ed., Environmental Politics and Policy: Theories and Evidence (Durham, N.C., 1989); George Hoberg, Pluralism by Design: Environmental Policy and the American Regulatory State (New York, 1992); Philip Shabecoff, A Fierce Green Fire: The American Environmental Movement (New York, 1993); Robert Gottlieb, Forcing the Spring: The Transformation of the American Environmental Movement (Washington, D.C., 1993); Kirkpatrick Sale, The Green Revolution: The American Environmental Movement, 1962-1992 (New York, 1993); and Daniel J. Fiorino, Making Environmental Policy (Berkeley, 1995). The most thorough work by a historian in this area is Samuel P. Hays, Beauty, Health, and Permanence: Environmental Politics in the United States, 1955-1985 (New York, 1987). Also useful is Victor Ferkiss, Nature, Technology, and Society: Cultural Roots of the Current Environmental Crisis (New York, 1993).
416. In 1996, the U.S. Government Printing Office issued a CD-ROM set that contained the full text of every OTA report ever issued. See Office of Technology Assessment CD-ROM (Washington, D.C., 1996). For a political scientist's evaluation of OTA, see Bruce Bimber, The Politics of Expertise in Congress: The Rise and Fall of the Office of Technology Assessment (Albany, N.Y., 1996).
417. In 1996, the U.S. Government Printing Office issued a CD-ROM set that contained the full text of every OTA report ever issued. See Office of Technology Assessment CD-ROM (Washington, D.C., 1996). For a political scientist's evaluation of OTA, see Bruce Bimber, The Politics of Expertise in Congress: The Rise and Fall of the Office of Technology Assessment (Albany, N.Y., 1996).
418. See, for example, Lynn White jr., "Technology Assessment from the Stance of a Medieval Historian," American Historical Review 79 (February 1974): 1-13; Carroll Pursell, "Belling the Cat: A Critique of Technology Assessment," Lex et Scientia 10 (October-December 1974): 130-45; Tarr, Retrospective Technology Assessment (n. 34 above); Howard P. Segal, "Assessing Retrospective Technology Assessment: A Review of the Literature," Technology in Society 4 (1982): 231-46; Nancy Carson, "Process, Prescience, and Pragmatism: The Office of Technology Assessment," in Organizations for Policy Analysis: Helping Government Think, ed. Carol H. Weiss (Newbury Park, Calif., 1992); and Jeffrey K. Stine, Twenty Years of Science in the Public Interest: A History of the Congressional Science and Engineering Fellowship Program (Washington, D.C., 1994).
419. See, for example, Lynn White jr., "Technology Assessment from the Stance of a Medieval Historian," American Historical Review 79 (February 1974): 1-13; Carroll Pursell, "Belling the Cat: A Critique of Technology Assessment," Lex et Scientia 10 (October-December 1974): 130-45; Tarr, Retrospective Technology Assessment (n. 34 above); Howard P. Segal, "Assessing Retrospective Technology Assessment: A Review of the Literature," Technology in Society 4 (1982): 231-46; Nancy Carson, "Process, Prescience, and Pragmatism: The Office of Technology Assessment," in Organizations for Policy Analysis: Helping Government Think, ed. Carol H. Weiss (Newbury Park, Calif., 1992); and Jeffrey K. Stine,
420. See, for example, Lynn White jr., "Technology Assessment from the Stance of a Medieval Historian," American Historical Review 79 (February 1974): 1-13; Carroll Pursell, "Belling the Cat: A Critique of Technology Assessment," Lex et Scientia 10 (October-December 1974): 130-45; Tarr, Retrospective Technology Assessment (n. 34 above); Howard P. Segal, "Assessing Retrospective Technology Assessment: A Review of the Literature," Technology in Society 4 (1982): 231-46; Nancy Carson, "Process, Prescience, and Pragmatism: The Office of Technology Assessment," in Organizations for Policy Analysis: Helping Government Think, ed. Carol H. Weiss (Newbury Park, Calif., 1992); and Jeffrey K. Stine, Twenty Years of Science in the Public Interest: A History of the Congressional Science and Engineering Fellowship Program (Washington, D.C., 1994).
421. See, for example, Lynn White jr., "Technology Assessment from the Stance of a Medieval Historian," American Historical Review 79 (February 1974): 1-13; Carroll Pursell, "Belling the Cat: A Critique of Technology Assessment," Lex et Scientia 10 (October-December 1974): 130-45; Tarr, Retrospective Technology Assessment (n. 34 above); Howard P. Segal, "Assessing Retrospective Technology Assessment: A Review of the Literature," Technology in Society 4 (1982): 231-46; Nancy Carson, "Process, Prescience, and Pragmatism: The Office of Technology Assessment," in Organizations for Policy Analysis: Helping Government Think, ed. Carol H. Weiss (Newbury Park, Calif., 1992); and Jeffrey K. Stine, Twenty Years of Science in the Public Interest: A History of the Congressional Science and Engineering Fellowship Program (Washington, D.C., 1994).
422. See, for example, Lynn White jr., "Technology Assessment from the Stance of a Medieval Historian," American Historical Review 79 (February 1974): 1-13; Carroll Pursell, "Belling the Cat: A Critique of Technology Assessment," Lex et Scientia 10 (October-December 1974): 130-45; Tarr, Retrospective Technology Assessment (n. 34 above); Howard P. Segal, "Assessing Retrospective Technology Assessment: A Review of the Literature," Technology in Society 4 (1982): 231-46; Nancy Carson, "Process, Prescience, and Pragmatism: The Office of Technology Assessment," in Organizations for Policy Analysis: Helping Government Think, ed. Carol H. Weiss (Newbury Park, Calif., 1992); and Jeffrey K. Stine, Twenty Years of Science in the Public Interest: A History of the Congressional Science and Engineering Fellowship Program (Washington, D.C., 1994).
423. See, for example, Lynn White jr., "Technology Assessment from the Stance of a Medieval Historian," American Historical Review 79 (February 1974): 1-13; Carroll Pursell, "Belling the Cat: A Critique of Technology Assessment," Lex et Scientia 10 (October-December 1974): 130-45; Tarr, Retrospective Technology Assessment (n. 34 above); Howard P. Segal, "Assessing Retrospective Technology Assessment: A Review of the Literature," Technology in Society 4 (1982): 231-46; Nancy Carson, "Process, Prescience, and Pragmatism: The Office of Technology Assessment," in Organizations for Policy Analysis: Helping Government Think, ed. Carol H. Weiss (Newbury Park, Calif., 1992); and Jeffrey K. Stine, Twenty Years of Science in the Public Interest: A History of the Congressional Science and Engineering Fellowship Program (Washington, D.C., 1994).
424. See Tarr, Retrospective Technology Assessment.
425. E. F. Schumacher, Small Is Beautiful: Economics as if People Mattered (New York, 1973); Ivan Illich, Tools for Conviviality (New York, 1973); and Carroll W. Pursell Jr., "The History of Technology as a Source of Appropriate Technology," The Public Historian 1 (winter 1979): 15-22. For the connections between the environmental and appropriate technology movements, see Charles T. Rubin, The Green Crusade: Rethinking the Roots of Environmentalism (New York, 1994). Also useful are Amory B. Lovins, Soft Energy Paths: Toward a Durable Peace (New York, 1977); Lane de Moll and Gigi Coe, eds., Stepping Stones: Appropriate Technology and Beyond (New York, 1978); Arnold Pacey, The Culture of Technology (Cambridge, Mass., 1983); Langdon Winner, The Whale and the Reactor: A Search for Limits in an Age of High Technology (Chicago, 1986); Carroll Pursell, "The Rise and Fall of the Appropriate Technology Movement in the United States, 1965-1985," Technology and Culture 34 (1993): 629-37; and Jordan Kleiman, "The Appropriate Technology Movement in American Political Culture" (Ph.D. diss., University of Rochester, expected 1998).
426. E. F. Schumacher, Small Is Beautiful: Economics as if People Mattered (New York, 1973); Ivan Illich, Tools for Conviviality (New York, 1973); and Carroll W. Pursell Jr., "The History of Technology as a Source of Appropriate Technology," The Public Historian 1 (winter 1979): 15-22. For the connections between the environmental and appropriate technology movements, see Charles T. Rubin, The Green Crusade: Rethinking the Roots of Environmentalism (New York, 1994). Also useful are Amory B. Lovins, Soft Energy Paths: Toward a Durable Peace (New York, 1977); Lane de Moll and Gigi Coe, eds., Stepping Stones: Appropriate Technology and Beyond (New York, 1978); Arnold Pacey, The Culture of Technology (Cambridge, Mass., 1983); Langdon Winner, The Whale and the Reactor: A Search for Limits in an Age of High Technology (Chicago, 1986); Carroll Pursell, "The Rise and Fall of the Appropriate Technology Movement in the United States, 1965-1985," Technology and Culture 34 (1993): 629-37; and Jordan Kleiman, "The Appropriate Technology Movement in American Political Culture" (Ph.D. diss., University of Rochester, expected 1998).
427. E. F. Schumacher, Small Is Beautiful: Economics as if People Mattered (New York, 1973); Ivan Illich, Tools for Conviviality (New York, 1973); and Carroll W. Pursell Jr., "The History of Technology as a Source of Appropriate Technology," The Public Historian 1 (winter 1979): 15-22. For the connections between the environmental and appropriate technology movements, see Charles T. Rubin, The Green Crusade: Rethinking the Roots of Environmentalism (New York, 1994). Also useful are Amory B. Lovins, Soft Energy Paths: Toward a Durable Peace (New York, 1977); Lane de Moll and Gigi Coe, eds., Stepping Stones: Appropriate Technology and Beyond (New York, 1978); Arnold Pacey, The Culture of Technology (Cambridge, Mass., 1983); Langdon Winner, The Whale and the Reactor: A Search for Limits in an Age of High Technology (Chicago, 1986); Carroll Pursell, "The Rise and Fall of the Appropriate Technology Movement in the United States, 1965-1985," Technology and Culture 34 (1993): 629-37; and Jordan Kleiman, "The Appropriate Technology Movement in American Political Culture" (Ph.D. diss., University of Rochester, expected 1998).
428. E. F. Schumacher, Small Is Beautiful: Economics as if People Mattered (New York, 1973); Ivan Illich, Tools for Conviviality (New York, 1973); and Carroll W. Pursell Jr., "The History of Technology as a Source of Appropriate Technology," The Public Historian 1 (winter 1979): 15-22. For the connections between the environmental and appropriate technology movements, see Charles T. Rubin, The Green Crusade: Rethinking the Roots of Environmentalism (New York, 1994). Also useful are Amory B. Lovins, Soft Energy Paths: Toward a Durable Peace (New York, 1977); Lane de Moll and Gigi Coe, eds., Stepping Stones: Appropriate Technology and Beyond (New York, 1978); Arnold Pacey, The Culture of Technology (Cambridge, Mass., 1983); Langdon Winner, The Whale and the Reactor: A Search for Limits in an Age of High Technology (Chicago, 1986); Carroll Pursell, "The Rise and Fall of the Appropriate Technology Movement in the United States, 1965-1985," Technology and Culture 34 (1993): 629-37; and Jordan Kleiman, "The Appropriate Technology Movement in American Political Culture" (Ph.D. diss., University of Rochester, expected 1998).
429. E. F. Schumacher, Small Is Beautiful: Economics as if People Mattered (New York, 1973); Ivan Illich, Tools for Conviviality (New York, 1973); and Carroll W. Pursell Jr., "The History of Technology as a Source of Appropriate Technology," The Public Historian 1 (winter 1979): 15-22. For the connections between the environmental and appropriate technology movements, see Charles T. Rubin, The Green Crusade: Rethinking the Roots of Environmentalism (New York, 1994). Also useful are Amory B. Lovins, Soft Energy Paths: Toward a Durable Peace (New York, 1977); Lane de Moll and Gigi Coe, eds., Stepping Stones: Appropriate Technology and Beyond (New York, 1978); Arnold Pacey, The Culture of Technology (Cambridge, Mass., 1983); Langdon Winner, The Whale and the Reactor: A Search for Limits in an Age of High Technology (Chicago, 1986); Carroll Pursell, "The Rise and Fall of the Appropriate Technology Movement in the United States, 1965-1985," Technology and Culture 34 (1993): 629-37; and Jordan Kleiman, "The Appropriate Technology Movement in American Political Culture" (Ph.D. diss., University of Rochester, expected 1998).
430. E. F. Schumacher, Small Is Beautiful: Economics as if People Mattered (New York, 1973); Ivan Illich, Tools for Conviviality (New York, 1973); and Carroll W. Pursell Jr., "The History of Technology as a Source of Appropriate Technology," The Public Historian 1 (winter 1979): 15-22. For the connections between the environmental and appropriate technology movements, see Charles T. Rubin, The Green Crusade: Rethinking the Roots of Environmentalism (New York, 1994). Also useful are Amory B. Lovins, Soft Energy Paths: Toward a Durable Peace (New York, 1977); Lane de Moll and Gigi Coe, eds., Stepping Stones: Appropriate Technology and Beyond (New York, 1978); Arnold Pacey, The Culture of Technology (Cambridge, Mass., 1983); Langdon Winner, The Whale and the Reactor: A Search for Limits in an Age of High Technology (Chicago, 1986); Carroll Pursell, "The Rise and Fall of the Appropriate Technology Movement in the United States, 1965-1985," Technology and Culture 34 (1993): 629-37; and Jordan Kleiman, "The Appropriate Technology Movement in American Political Culture" (Ph.D. diss., University of Rochester, expected 1998).
431. E. F. Schumacher, Small Is Beautiful: Economics as if People Mattered (New York, 1973); Ivan Illich, Tools for Conviviality (New York, 1973); and Carroll W. Pursell Jr., "The History of Technology as a Source of Appropriate Technology," The Public Historian 1 (winter 1979): 15-22. For the connections between the environmental and appropriate technology movements, see Charles T. Rubin, The Green Crusade: Rethinking the Roots of Environmentalism (New York, 1994). Also useful are Amory B. Lovins, Soft Energy Paths: Toward a Durable Peace (New York, 1977); Lane de Moll and Gigi Coe, eds., Stepping Stones: Appropriate Technology and Beyond (New York, 1978); Arnold Pacey, The Culture of Technology (Cambridge, Mass., 1983); Langdon Winner, The Whale and the Reactor: A Search for Limits in an Age of High Technology (Chicago, 1986); Carroll Pursell, "The Rise and Fall of the Appropriate Technology Movement in the United States, 1965-1985," Technology and Culture 34 (1993): 629-37; and Jordan Kleiman, "The Appropriate Technology Movement in American Political Culture" (Ph.D. diss., University of Rochester, expected 1998).
432. E. F. Schumacher, Small Is Beautiful: Economics as if People Mattered (New York, 1973); Ivan Illich, Tools for Conviviality (New York, 1973); and Carroll W. Pursell Jr., "The History of Technology as a Source of Appropriate Technology," The Public Historian 1 (winter 1979): 15-22. For the connections between the environmental and appropriate technology movements, see Charles T. Rubin, The Green Crusade: Rethinking the Roots of Environmentalism (New York, 1994). Also useful are Amory B. Lovins, Soft Energy Paths: Toward a Durable Peace (New York, 1977); Lane de Moll and Gigi Coe, eds., Stepping Stones: Appropriate Technology and Beyond (New York, 1978); Arnold Pacey, The Culture of Technology (Cambridge, Mass., 1983); Langdon Winner, The Whale and the Reactor: A Search for Limits in an Age of High Technology (Chicago, 1986); Carroll Pursell, "The Rise and Fall of the Appropriate Technology Movement in the United States, 1965-1985," Technology and Culture 34 (1993): 629-37; and Jordan Kleiman, "The Appropriate Technology Movement in American Political Culture" (Ph.D. diss., University of Rochester, expected 1998).
433. E. F. Schumacher, Small Is Beautiful: Economics as if People Mattered (New York, 1973); Ivan Illich, Tools for Conviviality (New York, 1973); and Carroll W. Pursell Jr., "The History of Technology as a Source of Appropriate Technology," The Public Historian 1 (winter 1979): 15-22. For the connections between the environmental and appropriate technology movements, see Charles T. Rubin, The Green Crusade: Rethinking the Roots of Environmentalism (New York, 1994). Also useful are Amory B. Lovins, Soft Energy Paths: Toward a Durable Peace (New York, 1977); Lane de Moll and Gigi Coe, eds., Stepping Stones: Appropriate Technology and Beyond (New York, 1978); Arnold Pacey, The Culture of Technology (Cambridge, Mass., 1983); Langdon Winner, The Whale and the Reactor: A Search for Limits in an Age of High Technology (Chicago, 1986); Carroll Pursell, "The Rise and Fall of the Appropriate Technology Movement in the United States, 1965-1985," Technology and Culture 34 (1993): 629-37; and Jordan Kleiman, "The Appropriate Technology Movement in American Political Culture" (Ph.D. diss., University of Rochester, expected 1998).
434. E. F. Schumacher, Small Is Beautiful: Economics as if People Mattered (New York, 1973); Ivan Illich, Tools for Conviviality (New York, 1973); and Carroll W. Pursell Jr., "The History of Technology as a Source of Appropriate Technology," The Public Historian 1 (winter 1979): 15-22. For the connections between the environmental and appropriate technology movements, see Charles T. Rubin, The Green Crusade: Rethinking the Roots of Environmentalism (New York, 1994). Also useful are Amory B. Lovins, Soft Energy Paths: Toward a Durable Peace (New York, 1977); Lane de Moll and Gigi Coe, eds., Stepping Stones: Appropriate Technology and Beyond (New York, 1978); Arnold Pacey, The Culture of Technology (Cambridge, Mass., 1983); Langdon Winner, The Whale and the Reactor: A Search for Limits in an Age of High Technology (Chicago, 1986); Carroll Pursell, "The Rise and Fall of the Appropriate Technology Movement in the United States, 1965-1985," Technology and Culture 34 (1993): 629-37; and Jordan Kleiman, "The Appropriate Technology Movement in American Political Culture" (Ph.D. diss., University of Rochester, expected 1998).
435. Richard H. K. Victor, Environmental Politics and the Coal Coalition (College Station, Tex., 1980); Hugh S. Gorman, "From Conservation to Environment: The Engineering Response to Pollution Concerns in the U.S. Petroleum Industry, 1921-1981" (Ph.D. diss., Carnegie Mellon University, 1996); James C. Williams, Modern California (n. 19 above); and Walter A. Rosenbaum, Energy, Politics, and Public Policy, 2d ed. (Washington, D.C., 1987). See also Ken Butti and John Perlin, A Golden Thread: 2500 Years of Solar Architecture and Technology (New York, 1980); George H. Daniels and Mark H. Rose, eds., Energy and Transport: Historical Perspectives in Policy Issues (Beverly Hills, Calif., 1982); Melosi, Coping with Abundance (n. 35 above); and J. Samuel Walker, Containing the Atom: Nuclear Regulation in a Changing Environment, 1963-1971 (Berkeley, 1992).
436. Richard H. K. Victor, Environmental Politics and the Coal Coalition (College Station, Tex., 1980); Hugh S. Gorman, "From Conservation to Environment: The Engineering Response to Pollution Concerns in the U.S. Petroleum Industry, 1921-1981" (Ph.D. diss., Carnegie Mellon University, 1996); James C. Williams, Modern California (n. 19 above); and Walter A. Rosenbaum, Energy, Politics, and Public Policy, 2d ed. (Washington, D.C., 1987). See also Ken Butti and John Perlin, A Golden Thread: 2500 Years of Solar Architecture and Technology (New York, 1980); George H. Daniels and Mark H. Rose, eds., Energy and Transport: Historical Perspectives in Policy Issues (Beverly Hills, Calif., 1982); Melosi, Coping with Abundance (n. 35 above); and J. Samuel Walker, Containing the Atom: Nuclear Regulation in a Changing Environment, 1963-1971 (Berkeley, 1992).
437. Richard H. K. Victor, Environmental Politics and the Coal Coalition (College Station, Tex., 1980); Hugh S. Gorman, "From Conservation to Environment: The Engineering Response to Pollution Concerns in the U.S. Petroleum Industry, 1921-1981" (Ph.D. diss., Carnegie Mellon University, 1996); James C. Williams, Modern California (n. 19 above); and Walter A. Rosenbaum, Energy, Politics, and Public Policy, 2d ed. (Washington, D.C., 1987). See also Ken Butti and John Perlin, A Golden Thread: 2500 Years of Solar Architecture and Technology (New York, 1980); George H. Daniels and Mark H. Rose, eds., Energy and Transport: Historical Perspectives in Policy Issues (Beverly Hills, Calif., 1982); Melosi, Coping with Abundance (n. 35 above); and J. Samuel Walker, Containing the Atom: Nuclear Regulation in a Changing Environment, 1963-1971 (Berkeley, 1992).
438. Richard H. K. Victor, Environmental Politics and the Coal Coalition (College Station, Tex., 1980); Hugh S. Gorman, "From Conservation to Environment: The Engineering Response to Pollution Concerns in the U.S. Petroleum Industry, 1921-1981" (Ph.D. diss., Carnegie Mellon University, 1996); James C. Williams, Modern California (n. 19 above); and Walter A. Rosenbaum, Energy, Politics, and Public Policy, 2d ed. (Washington, D.C., 1987). See also Ken Butti and John Perlin, A Golden Thread: 2500 Years of Solar Architecture and Technology (New York, 1980); George H. Daniels and Mark H. Rose, eds., Energy and Transport: Historical Perspectives in Policy Issues (Beverly Hills, Calif., 1982); Melosi, Coping with Abundance (n. 35 above); and J. Samuel Walker, Containing the Atom: Nuclear Regulation in a Changing Environment, 1963-1971 (Berkeley, 1992).
439. Richard H. K. Victor, Environmental Politics and the Coal Coalition (College Station, Tex., 1980); Hugh S. Gorman, "From Conservation to Environment: The Engineering Response to Pollution Concerns in the U.S. Petroleum Industry, 1921-1981" (Ph.D. diss., Carnegie Mellon University, 1996); James C. Williams, Modern California (n. 19 above); and Walter A. Rosenbaum, Energy, Politics, and Public Policy, 2d ed. (Washington, D.C., 1987). See also Ken Butti and John Perlin, A Golden Thread: 2500 Years of Solar Architecture and Technology (New York, 1980); George H. Daniels and Mark H. Rose, eds., Energy and Transport: Historical Perspectives in Policy Issues (Beverly Hills, Calif., 1982); Melosi, Coping with Abundance (n. 35 above); and J. Samuel Walker, Containing the Atom: Nuclear Regulation in a Changing Environment, 1963-1971 (Berkeley, 1992).
440. Richard H. K. Victor, Environmental Politics and the Coal Coalition (College Station, Tex., 1980); Hugh S. Gorman, "From Conservation to Environment: The Engineering Response to Pollution Concerns in the U.S. Petroleum Industry, 1921-1981" (Ph.D. diss., Carnegie Mellon University, 1996); James C. Williams, Modern California (n. 19 above); and Walter A. Rosenbaum, Energy, Politics, and Public Policy, 2d ed. (Washington, D.C., 1987). See also Ken Butti and John Perlin, A Golden Thread: 2500 Years of Solar Architecture and Technology (New York, 1980); George H. Daniels and Mark H. Rose, eds., Energy and Transport: Historical Perspectives in Policy Issues (Beverly Hills, Calif., 1982); Melosi, Coping with Abundance (n. 35 above); and J. Samuel Walker, Containing the Atom: Nuclear Regulation in a Changing Environment, 1963-1971 (Berkeley, 1992).
441. Richard H. K. Victor, Environmental Politics and the Coal Coalition (College Station, Tex., 1980); Hugh S. Gorman, "From Conservation to Environment: The Engineering Response to Pollution Concerns in the U.S. Petroleum Industry, 1921-1981" (Ph.D. diss., Carnegie Mellon University, 1996); James C. Williams, Modern California (n. 19 above); and Walter A. Rosenbaum, Energy, Politics, and Public Policy, 2d ed. (Washington, D.C., 1987). See also Ken Butti and John Perlin, A Golden Thread: 2500 Years of Solar Architecture and Technology (New York, 1980); George H. Daniels and Mark H. Rose, eds., Energy and Transport: Historical Perspectives in Policy Issues (Beverly Hills, Calif., 1982); Melosi, Coping with Abundance (n. 35 above); and J. Samuel Walker, Containing the Atom: Nuclear Regulation in a Changing Environment, 1963-1971 (Berkeley, 1992).
442. Richard H. K. Victor, Environmental Politics and the Coal Coalition (College Station, Tex., 1980); Hugh S. Gorman, "From Conservation to Environment: The Engineering Response to Pollution Concerns in the U.S. Petroleum Industry, 1921-1981" (Ph.D. diss., Carnegie Mellon University, 1996); James C. Williams, Modern California (n. 19 above); and Walter A. Rosenbaum, Energy, Politics, and Public Policy, 2d ed. (Washington, D.C., 1987). See also Ken Butti and John Perlin, A Golden Thread: 2500 Years of Solar Architecture and Technology (New York, 1980); George H. Daniels and Mark H. Rose, eds., Energy and Transport: Historical Perspectives in Policy Issues (Beverly Hills, Calif., 1982); Melosi, Coping with Abundance (n. 35 above); and J. Samuel Walker, Containing the Atom: Nuclear Regulation in a Changing Environment, 1963-1971 (Berkeley, 1992).
443. For general works on the agency, see John Quarles, Cleaning Up America: An Insider's View of the Environmental Protection Agency (Boston, 1976); Bruce A. Ackerman and William T. Hassler, Clean Coal/Dirty Air: Or How the Clean Air Act Became a Multibillion-Dollar Bail-Out for High-Sulfur Coal Producers and What Should Be Done aboutit (New Haven, Conn., 1981); Robert F. Durant, When Government Regulates Itself: EPA, TVA, and Pollution Control in the 1970s (Knoxville, Tenn., 1985); Marc K. Landy, Marc J. Roberts, and Stephen R. Thomas, The Environmental Protection Agency: Asking the Wrong Questions (New York, 1990); Joel A. Mintz, Enforcement at the EPA: High Stakes and Hard Choices (Austin, Tex., 1995); and Edmund P. Russell III, "Lost among the Parts per Billion: Ecological Protection at the United States Environmental Protection Agency, 1970-1993," Environmental History 2 (1997): 29-51.
444. For general works on the agency, see John Quarles, Cleaning Up America: An Insider's View of the Environmental Protection Agency (Boston, 1976); Bruce A. Ackerman and William T. Hassler, Clean Coal/Dirty Air: Or How the Clean Air Act Became a Multibillion-Dollar Bail-Out for High-Sulfur Coal Producers and What Should Be Done aboutit (New Haven, Conn., 1981); Robert F. Durant, When Government Regulates Itself: EPA, TVA, and Pollution Control in the 1970s (Knoxville, Tenn., 1985); Marc K. Landy, Marc J. Roberts, and Stephen R. Thomas, The Environmental Protection Agency: Asking the Wrong Questions (New York, 1990); Joel A. Mintz, Enforcement at the EPA: High Stakes and Hard Choices (Austin, Tex., 1995); and Edmund P. Russell III, "Lost among the Parts per Billion: Ecological Protection at the United States Environmental Protection Agency, 1970-1993," Environmental History 2 (1997): 29-51.
445. For general works on the agency, see John Quarles, Cleaning Up America: An Insider's View of the Environmental Protection Agency (Boston, 1976); Bruce A. Ackerman and William T. Hassler, Clean Coal/Dirty Air: Or How the Clean Air Act Became a Multibillion-Dollar Bail-Out for High-Sulfur Coal Producers and What Should Be Done aboutit (New Haven, Conn., 1981); Robert F. Durant, When Government Regulates Itself: EPA, TVA, and Pollution Control in the 1970s (Knoxville, Tenn., 1985); Marc K. Landy, Marc J. Roberts, and Stephen R. Thomas, The Environmental Protection Agency: Asking the Wrong Questions (New York, 1990); Joel A. Mintz, Enforcement at the EPA: High Stakes and Hard Choices (Austin, Tex., 1995); and Edmund P. Russell III, "Lost among the Parts per Billion: Ecological Protection at the United States Environmental Protection Agency, 1970-1993," Environmental History 2 (1997): 29-51.
446. For general works on the agency, see John Quarles, Cleaning Up America: An Insider's View of the Environmental Protection Agency (Boston, 1976); Bruce A. Ackerman and William T. Hassler, Clean Coal/Dirty Air: Or How the Clean Air Act Became a Multibillion-Dollar Bail-Out for High-Sulfur Coal Producers and What Should Be Done aboutit (New Haven, Conn., 1981); Robert F. Durant, When Government Regulates Itself: EPA, TVA, and Pollution Control in the 1970s (Knoxville, Tenn., 1985); Marc K. Landy, Marc J. Roberts, and Stephen R. Thomas, The Environmental Protection Agency: Asking the Wrong Questions (New York, 1990); Joel A. Mintz, Enforcement at the EPA: High Stakes and Hard Choices (Austin, Tex., 1995); and Edmund P. Russell III, "Lost among the Parts per Billion: Ecological Protection at the United States Environmental Protection Agency, 1970-1993," Environmental History 2 (1997): 29-51.
447. For general works on the agency, see John Quarles, Cleaning Up America: An Insider's View of the Environmental Protection Agency (Boston, 1976); Bruce A. Ackerman and William T. Hassler, Clean Coal/Dirty Air: Or How the Clean Air Act Became a Multibillion-Dollar Bail-Out for High-Sulfur Coal Producers and What Should Be Done aboutit (New Haven, Conn., 1981); Robert F. Durant, When Government Regulates Itself: EPA, TVA, and Pollution Control in the 1970s (Knoxville, Tenn., 1985); Marc K. Landy, Marc J. Roberts, and Stephen R. Thomas, The Environmental Protection Agency: Asking the Wrong Questions (New York, 1990); Joel A. Mintz, Enforcement at the EPA: High Stakes and Hard Choices (Austin, Tex., 1995); and Edmund P. Russell III, "Lost among the Parts per Billion: Ecological Protection at the United States Environmental Protection Agency, 1970-1993," Environmental History 2 (1997): 29-51.
448. For general works on the agency, see John Quarles, Cleaning Up America: An Insider's View of the Environmental Protection Agency (Boston, 1976); Bruce A. Ackerman and William T. Hassler, Clean Coal/Dirty Air: Or How the Clean Air Act Became a Multibillion-Dollar Bail-Out for High-Sulfur Coal Producers and What Should Be Done aboutit (New Haven, Conn., 1981); Robert F. Durant, When Government Regulates Itself: EPA, TVA, and Pollution Control in the 1970s (Knoxville, Tenn., 1985); Marc K. Landy, Marc J. Roberts, and Stephen R. Thomas, The Environmental Protection Agency: Asking the Wrong Questions (New York, 1990); Joel A. Mintz, Enforcement at the EPA: High Stakes and Hard Choices (Austin, Tex., 1995); and Edmund P. Russell III, "Lost among the Parts per Billion: Ecological Protection at the United States Environmental Protection Agency, 1970-1993," Environmental History 2 (1997): 29-51.
449. The history of technology experienced a similar dilemma prior to SHOT's establishment.
450. See, for example, Russell, "War on Insects" (n. 84 above); Gorman, "From Conservation to Environment"; LeCain (n. 78 above); Quivik, "Smoke and Tailings" (n. 78 above); Lynne Page Snyder, "'The Death-Dealing Smog over Donora, Pa': Industrial Air Pollution, Public Health, and Federal Policy, 1915-1963" (Ph.D. diss., University of Pennsylvania, 1994); Marguerite S. Shaffer, "See America First: Tourism and National Identity, 1905-1930" (Ph.D. diss., Harvard University, 1994); Nicholas A. Casner, "Acid Water: A History of Coal Mine Pollution in Western Pennsylvania, 1880-1950" (Ph.D. diss., Carnegie Mellon University, 1994); Jeffrey Charles Ellis, "When Green Was Pink: Environmental Dissent in Cold War America" (Ph.D. diss., University of California, Davis, 1995); Adam Rome, "Prairie Creek Hills Estates: An Environmental History of American Homebuilding, 1945-1970" (Ph.D. diss., University of Kansas, 1996); David G. Hendricks, "Conservation's End: Resource Development in the Age of Ecology, 1957-1982" (Ph.D. diss., University of California, Davis, 1998); Barbara L. Allen, "Language, Identity, and Place: Strategizing Community Change in Louisiana's Cancer Alley" (Ph.D. diss., Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, expected 1998); and Betsy Mendelsohn, "Urban Quagmire: Law, Industry, and Chicago's Wetlands, 1820-1920" (Ph.D. diss., University of Chicago, expected 1999).
451. See, for example, Russell, "War on Insects" (n. 84 above); Gorman, "From Conservation to Environment"; LeCain (n. 78 above); Quivik, "Smoke and Tailings" (n. 78 above); Lynne Page Snyder, "'The Death-Dealing Smog over Donora, Pa': Industrial Air Pollution, Public Health, and Federal Policy, 1915-1963" (Ph.D. diss., University of Pennsylvania, 1994); Marguerite S. Shaffer, "See America First: Tourism and National Identity, 1905-1930" (Ph.D. diss., Harvard University, 1994); Nicholas A. Casner, "Acid Water: A History of Coal Mine Pollution in Western Pennsylvania, 1880-1950" (Ph.D. diss., Carnegie Mellon University, 1994); Jeffrey Charles Ellis, "When Green Was Pink: Environmental Dissent in Cold War America" (Ph.D. diss., University of California, Davis, 1995); Adam Rome, "Prairie Creek Hills Estates: An Environmental History of American Homebuilding, 1945-1970" (Ph.D. diss., University of Kansas, 1996); David G. Hendricks, "Conservation's End: Resource Development in the Age of Ecology, 1957-1982" (Ph.D. diss., University of California, Davis, 1998); Barbara L. Allen, "Language, Identity, and Place: Strategizing Community Change in Louisiana's Cancer Alley" (Ph.D. diss., Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, expected 1998); and Betsy Mendelsohn, "Urban Quagmire: Law, Industry, and Chicago's Wetlands, 1820-1920" (Ph.D. diss., University of Chicago, expected 1999).
452. See, for example, Russell, "War on Insects" (n. 84 above); Gorman, "From Conservation to Environment"; LeCain (n. 78 above); Quivik, "Smoke and Tailings" (n. 78 above); Lynne Page Snyder, "'The Death-Dealing Smog over Donora, Pa': Industrial Air Pollution, Public Health, and Federal Policy, 1915-1963" (Ph.D. diss., University of Pennsylvania, 1994); Marguerite S. Shaffer, "See America First: Tourism and National Identity, 1905-1930" (Ph.D. diss., Harvard University, 1994); Nicholas A. Casner, "Acid Water: A History of Coal Mine Pollution in Western Pennsylvania, 1880-1950" (Ph.D. diss., Carnegie Mellon University, 1994); Jeffrey Charles Ellis, "When Green Was Pink: Environmental Dissent in Cold War America" (Ph.D. diss., University of California, Davis, 1995); Adam Rome, "Prairie Creek Hills Estates: An Environmental History of American Homebuilding, 1945-1970" (Ph.D. diss., University of Kansas, 1996); David G. Hendricks, "Conservation's End: Resource Development in the Age of Ecology, 1957-1982" (Ph.D. diss., University of California, Davis, 1998); Barbara L. Allen, "Language, Identity, and Place: Strategizing Community Change in Louisiana's Cancer Alley" (Ph.D. diss., Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, expected 1998); and Betsy Mendelsohn, "Urban Quagmire: Law, Industry, and Chicago's Wetlands, 1820-1920" (Ph.D. diss., University of Chicago, expected 1999).
453. See, for example, Russell, "War on Insects" (n. 84 above); Gorman, "From Conservation to Environment"; LeCain (n. 78 above); Quivik, "Smoke and Tailings" (n. 78 above); Lynne Page Snyder, "'The Death-Dealing Smog over Donora, Pa': Industrial Air Pollution, Public Health, and Federal Policy, 1915-1963" (Ph.D. diss., University of Pennsylvania, 1994); Marguerite S. Shaffer, "See America First: Tourism and National Identity, 1905-1930" (Ph.D. diss., Harvard University, 1994); Nicholas A. Casner, "Acid Water: A History of Coal Mine Pollution in Western Pennsylvania, 1880-1950" (Ph.D. diss., Carnegie Mellon University, 1994); Jeffrey Charles Ellis, "When Green Was Pink: Environmental Dissent in Cold War America" (Ph.D. diss., University of California, Davis, 1995); Adam Rome, "Prairie Creek Hills Estates: An Environmental History of American Homebuilding, 1945-1970" (Ph.D. diss., University of Kansas, 1996); David G. Hendricks, "Conservation's End: Resource Development in the Age of Ecology, 1957-1982" (Ph.D. diss., University of California, Davis, 1998); Barbara L. Allen, "Language, Identity, and Place: Strategizing Community Change in Louisiana's Cancer Alley" (Ph.D. diss., Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, expected 1998); and Betsy Mendelsohn, "Urban Quagmire: Law, Industry, and Chicago's Wetlands, 1820-1920" (Ph.D. diss., University of Chicago, expected 1999).
454. See, for example, Russell, "War on Insects" (n. 84 above); Gorman, "From Conservation to Environment"; LeCain (n. 78 above); Quivik, "Smoke and Tailings" (n. 78 above); Lynne Page Snyder, "'The Death-Dealing Smog over Donora, Pa': Industrial Air Pollution, Public Health, and Federal Policy, 1915-1963" (Ph.D. diss., University of Pennsylvania, 1994); Marguerite S. Shaffer, "See America First: Tourism and National Identity, 1905-1930" (Ph.D. diss., Harvard University, 1994); Nicholas A. Casner, "Acid Water: A History of Coal Mine Pollution in Western Pennsylvania, 1880-1950" (Ph.D. diss., Carnegie Mellon University, 1994); Jeffrey Charles Ellis, "When Green Was Pink: Environmental Dissent in Cold War America" (Ph.D. diss., University of California, Davis, 1995); Adam Rome, "Prairie Creek Hills Estates: An Environmental History of American Homebuilding, 1945-1970" (Ph.D. diss., University of Kansas, 1996); David G. Hendricks, "Conservation's End: Resource Development in the Age of Ecology, 1957-1982" (Ph.D. diss., University of California, Davis, 1998); Barbara L. Allen, "Language, Identity, and Place: Strategizing Community Change in Louisiana's Cancer Alley" (Ph.D. diss., Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, expected 1998); and Betsy Mendelsohn, "Urban Quagmire: Law, Industry, and Chicago's Wetlands, 1820-1920" (Ph.D. diss., University of Chicago, expected 1999).
455. See, for example, Russell, "War on Insects" (n. 84 above); Gorman, "From Conservation to Environment"; LeCain (n. 78 above); Quivik, "Smoke and Tailings" (n. 78 above); Lynne Page Snyder, "'The Death-Dealing Smog over Donora, Pa': Industrial Air Pollution, Public Health, and Federal Policy, 1915-1963" (Ph.D. diss., University of Pennsylvania, 1994); Marguerite S. Shaffer, "See America First: Tourism and National Identity, 1905-1930" (Ph.D. diss., Harvard University, 1994); Nicholas A. Casner, "Acid Water: A History of Coal Mine Pollution in Western Pennsylvania, 1880-1950" (Ph.D. diss., Carnegie Mellon University, 1994); Jeffrey Charles Ellis, "When Green Was Pink: Environmental Dissent in Cold War America" (Ph.D. diss., University of California, Davis, 1995); Adam Rome, "Prairie Creek Hills Estates: An Environmental History of American Homebuilding, 1945-1970" (Ph.D. diss., University of Kansas, 1996); David G. Hendricks, "Conservation's End: Resource Development in the Age of Ecology, 1957-1982" (Ph.D. diss., University of California, Davis, 1998); Barbara L. Allen, "Language, Identity, and Place: Strategizing Community Change in Louisiana's Cancer Alley" (Ph.D. diss., Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, expected 1998); and Betsy Mendelsohn, "Urban Quagmire: Law, Industry, and Chicago's Wetlands, 1820-1920" (Ph.D. diss., University of Chicago, expected 1999).
456. See, for example, Russell, "War on Insects" (n. 84 above); Gorman, "From Conservation to Environment"; LeCain (n. 78 above); Quivik, "Smoke and Tailings" (n. 78 above); Lynne Page Snyder, "'The Death-Dealing Smog over Donora, Pa': Industrial Air Pollution, Public Health, and Federal Policy, 1915-1963" (Ph.D. diss., University of Pennsylvania, 1994); Marguerite S. Shaffer, "See America First: Tourism and National Identity, 1905-1930" (Ph.D. diss., Harvard University, 1994); Nicholas A. Casner, "Acid Water: A History of Coal Mine Pollution in Western Pennsylvania, 1880-1950" (Ph.D. diss., Carnegie Mellon University, 1994); Jeffrey Charles Ellis, "When Green Was Pink: Environmental Dissent in Cold War America" (Ph.D. diss., University of California, Davis, 1995); Adam Rome, "Prairie Creek Hills Estates: An Environmental History of American Homebuilding, 1945-1970" (Ph.D. diss., University of Kansas, 1996); David G. Hendricks, "Conservation's End: Resource Development in the Age of Ecology, 1957-1982" (Ph.D. diss., University of California, Davis, 1998); Barbara L. Allen, "Language, Identity, and Place: Strategizing Community Change in Louisiana's Cancer Alley" (Ph.D. diss., Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, expected 1998); and Betsy Mendelsohn, "Urban Quagmire: Law, Industry, and Chicago's Wetlands, 1820-1920" (Ph.D. diss., University of Chicago, expected 1999).
457. See, for example, Russell, "War on Insects" (n. 84 above); Gorman, "From Conservation to Environment"; LeCain (n. 78 above); Quivik, "Smoke and Tailings" (n. 78 above); Lynne Page Snyder, "'The Death-Dealing Smog over Donora, Pa': Industrial Air Pollution, Public Health, and Federal Policy, 1915-1963" (Ph.D. diss., University of Pennsylvania, 1994); Marguerite S. Shaffer, "See America First: Tourism and National Identity, 1905-1930" (Ph.D. diss., Harvard University, 1994); Nicholas A. Casner, "Acid Water: A History of Coal Mine Pollution in Western Pennsylvania, 1880-1950" (Ph.D. diss., Carnegie Mellon University, 1994); Jeffrey Charles Ellis, "When Green Was Pink: Environmental Dissent in Cold War America" (Ph.D. diss., University of California, Davis, 1995); Adam Rome, "Prairie Creek Hills Estates: An Environmental History of American Homebuilding, 1945-1970" (Ph.D. diss., University of Kansas, 1996); David G. Hendricks, "Conservation's End: Resource Development in the Age of Ecology, 1957-1982" (Ph.D. diss., University of California, Davis, 1998); Barbara L. Allen, "Language, Identity, and Place: Strategizing Community Change in Louisiana's Cancer Alley" (Ph.D. diss., Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, expected 1998); and Betsy Mendelsohn, "Urban Quagmire: Law, Industry, and Chicago's Wetlands, 1820-1920" (Ph.D. diss., University of Chicago, expected 1999).
458. See, for example, Russell, "War on Insects" (n. 84 above); Gorman, "From Conservation to Environment"; LeCain (n. 78 above); Quivik, "Smoke and Tailings" (n. 78 above); Lynne Page Snyder, "'The Death-Dealing Smog over Donora, Pa': Industrial Air Pollution, Public Health, and Federal Policy, 1915-1963" (Ph.D. diss., University of Pennsylvania, 1994); Marguerite S. Shaffer, "See America First: Tourism and National Identity, 1905-1930" (Ph.D. diss., Harvard University, 1994); Nicholas A. Casner, "Acid Water: A History of Coal Mine Pollution in Western Pennsylvania, 1880-1950" (Ph.D. diss., Carnegie Mellon University, 1994); Jeffrey Charles Ellis, "When Green Was Pink: Environmental Dissent in Cold War America" (Ph.D. diss., University of California, Davis, 1995); Adam Rome, "Prairie Creek Hills Estates: An Environmental History of American Homebuilding, 1945-1970" (Ph.D. diss., University of Kansas, 1996); David G. Hendricks, "Conservation's End: Resource Development in the Age of Ecology, 1957-1982" (Ph.D. diss., University of California, Davis, 1998); Barbara L. Allen, "Language, Identity, and Place: Strategizing Community Change in Louisiana's Cancer Alley" (Ph.D. diss., Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, expected 1998); and Betsy Mendelsohn, "Urban Quagmire: Law, Industry, and Chicago's Wetlands, 1820-1920" (Ph.D. diss., University of Chicago, expected 1999).
459. See, for example, Russell, "War on Insects" (n. 84 above); Gorman, "From Conservation to Environment"; LeCain (n. 78 above); Quivik, "Smoke and Tailings" (n. 78 above); Lynne Page Snyder, "'The Death-Dealing Smog over Donora, Pa': Industrial Air Pollution, Public Health, and Federal Policy, 1915-1963" (Ph.D. diss., University of Pennsylvania, 1994); Marguerite S. Shaffer, "See America First: Tourism and National Identity, 1905-1930" (Ph.D. diss., Harvard University, 1994); Nicholas A. Casner, "Acid Water: A History of Coal Mine Pollution in Western Pennsylvania, 1880-1950" (Ph.D. diss., Carnegie Mellon University, 1994); Jeffrey Charles Ellis, "When Green Was Pink: Environmental Dissent in Cold War America" (Ph.D. diss., University of California, Davis, 1995); Adam Rome, "Prairie Creek Hills Estates: An Environmental History of American Homebuilding, 1945-1970" (Ph.D. diss., University of Kansas, 1996); David G. Hendricks, "Conservation's End: Resource Development in the Age of Ecology, 1957-1982" (Ph.D. diss., University of California, Davis, 1998); Barbara L. Allen, "Language, Identity, and Place: Strategizing Community Change in Louisiana's Cancer Alley" (Ph.D. diss., Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, expected 1998); and Betsy Mendelsohn, "Urban Quagmire: Law, Industry, and Chicago's Wetlands, 1820-1920" (Ph.D. diss., University of Chicago, expected 1999).
460. See, for example, Russell, "War on Insects" (n. 84 above); Gorman, "From Conservation to Environment"; LeCain (n. 78 above); Quivik, "Smoke and Tailings" (n. 78 above); Lynne Page Snyder, "'The Death-Dealing Smog over Donora, Pa': Industrial Air Pollution, Public Health, and Federal Policy, 1915-1963" (Ph.D. diss., University of Pennsylvania, 1994); Marguerite S. Shaffer, "See America First: Tourism and National Identity, 1905-1930" (Ph.D. diss., Harvard University, 1994); Nicholas A. Casner, "Acid Water: A History of Coal Mine Pollution in Western Pennsylvania, 1880-1950" (Ph.D. diss., Carnegie Mellon University, 1994); Jeffrey Charles Ellis, "When Green Was Pink: Environmental Dissent in Cold War America" (Ph.D. diss., University of California, Davis, 1995); Adam Rome, "Prairie Creek Hills Estates: An Environmental History of American Homebuilding, 1945-1970" (Ph.D. diss., University of Kansas, 1996); David G. Hendricks, "Conservation's End: Resource Development in the Age of Ecology, 1957-1982" (Ph.D. diss., University of California, Davis, 1998); Barbara L. Allen, "Language, Identity, and Place: Strategizing Community Change in Louisiana's Cancer Alley" (Ph.D. diss., Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, expected 1998); and Betsy Mendelsohn, "Urban Quagmire: Law, Industry, and Chicago's Wetlands, 1820-1920" (Ph.D. diss., University of Chicago, expected 1999).
461. See, for example, Russell, "War on Insects" (n. 84 above); Gorman, "From Conservation to Environment"; LeCain (n. 78 above); Quivik, "Smoke and Tailings" (n. 78 above); Lynne Page Snyder, "'The Death-Dealing Smog over Donora, Pa': Industrial Air Pollution, Public Health, and Federal Policy, 1915-1963" (Ph.D. diss., University of Pennsylvania, 1994); Marguerite S. Shaffer, "See America First: Tourism and National Identity, 1905-1930" (Ph.D. diss., Harvard University, 1994); Nicholas A. Casner, "Acid Water: A History of Coal Mine Pollution in Western Pennsylvania, 1880-1950" (Ph.D. diss., Carnegie Mellon University, 1994); Jeffrey Charles Ellis, "When Green Was Pink: Environmental Dissent in Cold War America" (Ph.D. diss., University of California, Davis, 1995); Adam Rome, "Prairie Creek Hills Estates: An Environmental History of American Homebuilding, 1945-1970" (Ph.D. diss., University of Kansas, 1996); David G. Hendricks, "Conservation's End: Resource Development in the Age of Ecology, 1957-1982" (Ph.D. diss., University of California, Davis, 1998); Barbara L. Allen, "Language, Identity, and Place: Strategizing Community Change in Louisiana's Cancer Alley" (Ph.D. diss., Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, expected 1998); and Betsy Mendelsohn, "Urban Quagmire: Law, Industry, and Chicago's Wetlands, 1820-1920" (Ph.D. diss., University of Chicago, expected 1999).
462. Christine Meisner Rosen, "Industrial Ecology and the Greening of Business History," Business and Economic History 26 (fall 1997): 123-37.