Reproducing a fit citizenry: Dependency, eugenics, and the law of marriage in the United States, 1860-1920

Law and Social Inquiry

Volumn 23, Issue 3, 1998, Pages 541-585

  Lindsay, Matthew J ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0032236227     PISSN: 08976546     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-4469.1998.tb00121.x     Document Type: Review

References (111)

1. Bardaglio, Peter W. 1995. Reconstructing the Household: Families, Sex, and the Law in the Nineteenth-Century South. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.
2. Basch, Norma. 1983. In the Eyes of the Law: Women, Marriage, and Property in Nineteenth-Century New York. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press.
3. Batten, Samuel Z. 1908. The Redemption of the Unfit. The American Journal of Sociology 14:233-60.
4. Bederman, Gail. 1995. Manliness and Civilization: A Cultural History of Gender and Race in the United States, 1880-1917. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
5. Bishop, Joel Prentiss. 1864. Commentaries on the Law of Marriage and Divorce. Vol. 1. Boston: Little, Brown.
6. _. 1891. New Commentaries on Marriage, Divorce, and Separation. Vol. 1. Chicago: T. H. Flood.
7. Blackmar, Elizabeth. 1989. Manhattan for Rent, 1785-1850. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press.
8. Bloch, Ruth H. 1987. The Gendered Meanings of Virtue in Revolutionary America. Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 13:37-58.
9. Boyer, Paul. 1978. Urban Masses and Moral Order in America, 1820-1920. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
10. Boydston, Jeanne. 1990. Home and Work: Housework, Wages, and the Ideology of Labor in the Early Republic. New York: Oxford University Press.
11. Brandt, Alan M. 1985. No Magic Bullet: A Social History of Venereal Disease in the United States Since 1880. New York: Oxford University Press.
12. Burchell, Graham, Colin Gordon, and Peter Miller, eds. 1991. The Foucault Effect: Studies in Governmentality. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
13. Calhoun, Arthur W. 1919. A Social History of the American Family from the Colonial Times to the Present. Vol. 3. Cleveland: Arthur H. Clark.
14. Chused, Richard. 1992. Married Women's Property Law: 1800-1850. In Cott 1992.
15. _. 1992. Late Nineteenth-Century Married Women's Property Law: Reception of the Early Married Women's Property Acts by Courts and Legislatures. In Cott 1992.
16. Clark, Elizabeth B. 1990. Matrimonial Bonds: Slavery and Divorce in Nineteenth-Century America. Law and History Review 8:25-54.
17. Cohen, Felix. 1935. Transcendental Nonsense and the Functional Approach. Columbia Law Review 35:809-49.
18. Cook, Frank Gaylord. 1888a. Reform in the Celebration of Marriage. Atlantic Monthly 61:680-90.
19. _. 1888b. The Marriage Celebration in the United States. Atlantic Monthly 61:520-32.
20. _. 1888c. The Marriage Celebration in Europe. Atlantic Monthly 61:245-61.
21. Cott, Nancy. 1977. The Bonds of Womanhood: "Woman's Sphere" in New England, 1780-1835. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press.
22. _. 1988. The Grounding of Modem Feminism. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press.
23. _, ed. 1992. History of Women in the United States: Historical Articles on Women's Lives and Activities. Vol. 3, Domestic Relations and Law. New York: K. G. Saur.
24. _. 1995. Giving Character to Our Whole Civil Polity: Marriage and the Public Order in the Late Nineteenth Century. In U. S. History as Women's History, ed. Linda Kerber, Alice Kessler-Harris, and Kathryn Kish Sklar. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.
25. Davenport, Charles B. 1912. Eugenics and Charity. Report of the National Conference of Social Work 39:280-82.
26. Davis, David Brion. 1975. The Problem of Slavery in the Age of Revolution, 1770-1823. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press.
27. Degler, Carl N. 1991. In Search of Human Nature: The Decline and Revival of Daruinism in American Social Thought. New York: Oxford University Press.
28. Dike, Samuel W. 1890. Uniform Marriage and Divorce Laws. The Arena 2:399-408.
29. Donzelot, Jacques. 1997. The Policing of Families. Trans. Robert Hurley. Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press.
30. DuBois, Ellen Carol. 1987. Outgrowing the Compact of Our Fathers: Equal Rights, Woman Suffrage, and the United States Constitution, 1820-1878. Journal of American History 74:836-62.
31. Eugenics. 1904. The Nation 78:446.
32. Eugenic Marriage Laws. 1913. The Outlook 105:242-43.
33. Evolution Working Backward. 1906. The independent 61:702-3.
34. Extinction of the Upper Classes. 1909. The Nineteenth Century 60:97-108.
35. Forbath, William E. 1991. Law and the Shaping of the American Labor Movement. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
36. Foucault, Michel. 1979. Omnes et Singulatim: Toward a Criticism of "Political Reason." In The Tanner Lectures on Human Values II, ed. Sterling M. McMurrin. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press.
37. _. 1991. Governmentality. In Burchell, Gordon, and Miller 1991.
38. Fredrickson, George. 1965. The Inner Civil War: Northern Intellectuals and the Crisis of the Union. New York: Harper and Row.
39. Ginzberg, Lori D. 1990. Women and the Work of Benevolence: Morality, Politics, and Class in the 19th-Century United States. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press.
40. Goodsell, Willystine. 1915. A History of the Family as a Social and Educational Institution. New York: Macmillan.
41. Gordon, Linda. 1988. Heroes of Their Own Lives: The Politics and History of Family Violence, Boston, 1880-1960. New York: Penguin Books.
42. _, ed. 1990. Women, the State, and Welfare. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.
43. Grossberg, Michael. 1985. Governing the Hearth: Law and Family in Nineteenth-Century America. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.
44. Guyer, Michael. 1916. Being Well Born: An Introduction to Eugenics. Indianapolis, Ind.: Bobbs-Merill.
45. Hall, Fred S. 1925. Medical Certification For Marriage. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
46. Haller, Mark H. 1963. Eugenics: Hereditarian Attitudes in American Thought. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press.
47. Hattam, Victoria C. 1993. Labor Visions and State Power: The Origins of Business Unionism in the United States. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.
48. Heredity and Human Progress. 1900. The Nation, Nov. 1, 349-50.
49. Holt, Thomas C. 1992. The Problem of Freedom: Race, Labor, and Politics in Jamaica and Britain, 1832-1938. Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press.
50. Horwitz, Morton J. 1977. The Transformation of American Law, 1780-1860. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
51. Howard, George Elliott. 1904. The History of Matrimonial Institutions. Vol. 3. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
52. _. 1909. Divorce and the Public Welfare. McClure's Magazine 84:232-42.
53. Humphrey, Seth K. 1913. Parenthood and Social Consciousness. The Forum 49:257-64.
54. J., M. 1888. The Common Law Marriage. Virginia Law Journal 12:1-13.
55. Katz, Michael. 1986. In the Shadow of the Poorhouse: A Social History of Welfare in America. New York: Basic Books.
56. Keller, Morton. 1977. Affairs of State: Public Life in Late Nineteenth Century America. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
57. Kerber, Linda. 1980. Women of the Republic: Intellect and Ideology in Revolutionary America. New York: W. W. Norton.
58. _. 1988. Separate Spheres, Female Worlds, Woman's Place: The Rhetoric of Women's History. Journal of American History 75:9-39.
59. Kessler-Harris, Alice. 1982. Out to Work: A History of Wage-earning Women in the United States. New York: Oxford University Press.
60. Kevles, Daniel. 1985. In the Name of Eugenics: Genetics and the Uses of Human Heredity. New York: Harvard University Press.
61. Lebsock, Suzanne D. 1992. Radical Reconstruction of Southern Women. In Cott 1992.
62. Manson, Edward. 1914. Eugenics and Legislation. Journal of the Society of Comparative Legislation 19:123-29.
63. McCurry, Stephanie. 1995. Masters of Small Worlds: Yeoman Households, Gender Relations, and the Political Culture of the Antebellum South Carolina Low Country. New York: Oxford University Press.
64. Meyer, Adolf. 1916. The Right to Marry: What Can a Democratic Civilization Do About Heredity and Child Welfare. The Survey 36:243-46.
65. Meyerwitz, Joanne. 1988. Women Adrift: Independent Wage Earners in Chicago, 1880-1930. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
66. Mink, Gwendolyn. 1990. The Lady and the Tramp: Gender, Race, and the Origins of the American Welfare State. In Gordon 1990.
67. _. 1995. The Wages of Motherhood: Inequality in the Welfare State, 1917-1942. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press.
68. Mintz, Steven. 1989. Regulating the American Family. Journal of Family History 14:387-408.
69. Mintz, Steven, and Susan Kellogg. 1988. Domestic Revolutions: A Social History of American Family Life. New York: Free Press.
70. Montgomery, David. 1981. Beyond Equality: Labor and the Radical Republicans, 1862-1872. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
71. Morrow, Prince A. 1904. Social Diseases and Marriage: Social Prophylaxis. New York: Lea Brothers.
72. Mr. Roosevelt's Views on Race Suicide. 1906. Ladies Home Journal 23:21.
73. National Divorce Reform League. 1887. Annual Report of 1886. Montpelier: Vermont Watchman and State Journal Press.
74. _. 1889. Annual Report of 1888. Montpelier: Vermont Watchman and State Journal Press.
75. Novak, William J. 1996. The People's Welfare: Law and Regulation in Nineteenth-Century America. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.
76. Parenthood. 1908. The Independent 64:644-45.
77. Parenthood and Race Culture. 1910. The Survey 23:731-33.
78. Parsons, Elsie Clews. 1906. The Family. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons.
79. Peabody, J. B. 1912. Putting It Up to Philanthropy. The Survey 29:98-99.
80. Pearson, Karl. 1907. The Scope and Importance to the State of the Science of National Eugenics. Popular Science Monthly 71:385-412.
81. Peiss, Kathy. 1986. Cheap Amusements: Working Women and Leisure in Turn-of-the-Century New York. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
82. Phelps, Elizabeth Stuart. 1890. Women's Views of Divorce. The North American Review 150:130-31.
83. Polsky, Andrew J. 1991. The Rise of the Therapeutic State. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.
84. Present Disintegration of the American Home. 1911. Current Literature 51:296-98.
85. Procacci, Giovanna. 1991. Social Economy and the Government of Poverty. In Burchell, Gordon, and Miller 1991.
86. Roosevelt, Theodore. 1907. A Letter from President Roosevelt on Race Suicide. The American Monthly Review of Reviews 35:550-51.
87. _. 1914. Twisted Eugenics. The Outlook 105:30-34.
88. Ryan, Mary P. 1981. Cradle of the Middle Class: The Family in Oneida County, New York, 1790-1865. New York: Cambridge University Press.
89. Sapiro, Virginia. 1990. The Gender Basis of American Social Policy. In Gordon 1990.
90. Schouler, James. 1882. A Treatise on the Law of Husband and Wife. Boston: Little, Brown.
91. Siegel, Reva. 1994a. Home as Work: The First Woman's Rights Claims Concerning Wives' Household Labor. Yale Law Review 103:1073-1217.
92. _. 1994b. The Modernization of Marital Status Law: Adjudicating Wives' Rights to Earnings, 1860-1930. Georgetown Law Journal 82:2127-2225.
93. _. 1996. "The Rule of Love": Wife Beating as Prerogative and Privacy. Yale Law Journal 105:2117-2207.
94. Skocpol, Theda. 1992. Protecting Soldiers and Mothers: The Political Origins of Social Policy in the United States. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
95. Smith, Jessie Spaulding. 1914. Marriage, Sterilization, and Commitment Laws Aimed at Decreasing Mental Deficiency. Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 1914:364-70.
96. Spencer, Edward W. 1915. Some Phases of Marriage Law and Legislation from a Sanitary and Eugenic Standpoint. Yale Law Review 25:58-73.
97. Stanley, Amy Dru. 1988. Conjugal Bonds and Wage Labor: Rights of Contract in the Age of Emancipation. Journal of American History 75:471-500.
98. _. 1992. Beggars Can't Be Choosers: Compulsion and Contract in Postbellum America. Journal of American History 78:1265-93.
99. _. 1996. Home Life and the Morality of the Market. In The Market Revolution in America: Social, Political, and Religious Expressions, 1800-1880, ed. Melvyn Stokes and Stephen Conway. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia.
100. Stanley, Hiram M. 1890. Our Own Civilization and the Marriage Problem. The Arena 2:94-100.
101. Stansell, Christine. 1986. City of Women: Sex and Class in New York, 1789-1860. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
102. Stewart, David. 1887. The Law of Marriage and Divorce. San Francisco: Bancroft-Whitney.
103. Strahan, S. A. K. 1892. Marriage and Disease: A Study of Heredity and the More Important Family Degenerations. London: K. Paul, Trench, and Trübner.
104. Swindlehurst, Albert. 1916. Some Phases of the Law of Marriage. Harvard Law Review 30:124-40.
105. Trachtenberg, Alan. 1982. The Incorporation of America: Culture and Society in the Gilded Age. New York: Hill and Wang.
106. Vernier, Chester. 1931. American Family Laws. Palo Alto, Calif.: Stanford University Press.
107. Walters, Ronald G. 1978. The Anti-Slavery Appeal: American Abolitionism After 1830. Baltimore: Norton.
108. Weightman, Hugh. 1883. Marriage and Its Prohibitions. American Law Review 17:166-85.
109. Wetham, W. C. D. and C. D. Wetham. 1909. The Extinction of the Upper Classes. The Nineteenth Century 60:95-108.
110. Willrich, Michael. 1998. The Two Percent Solution: Eugenic Jurisprudence and the Socialization of American Law, 1900-1930. Law and History Review 16:63-111.
111. Wood, Gordon. 1991. The Radicalism of the American Revolution. New York: Vintage Books.