Military reform in Russia: Dilemmas, obstacles, and prospects

International Security

Volumn 22, Issue 4, 1998, Pages 83-134

  Arbatov, Alexei G ^a  

^a NONE

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[No Author keywords available]

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EID: 0032222264     PISSN: 01622889     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1162/isec.22.4.83     Document Type: Article

References (62)

1. L. Rokhlin, "Address to the Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation and to the Russian Military, June 23, 1997," Nezavisimoye Voennoe Obozrenie, No. 24 (June 5-11, 1997), pp. 2-3.
2. According to the law "On defense," "other troops and military formations" consist primarily of the border guards, internal troops, railway troops, and troops of the presidential Federal Agency on Governmental Communications and Information.
3. A.G. Arbatov, "Army Reform in the Midst of Disaster," Moscow News, No. 3 (January 20-26, 1995).
4. A. Lebed, "Russia Has the Army, But Is It Indeed an Army?" Nezavisimaya Gazeta, November 16, 1994.
5. V. Lopatin, "A Professional Army Instead of an Armed Nation," Novaya Ezhednevnaya Gazeta, May 26, 1994.
6. V. Lukin, "The Medicine for Geopolitical Psychosis," Obozrenie, No. 6 (June 1995), pp. 10-14.
7. See "Principal Guidance on the Military Doctrine of the Russian Federation," Izvestiya, November 18, 1993, pp. 1-4.
8. R. Woff, The Armed forces of the Former Soviet Union, Vol. 1, Update 1 (Portsmouth, N.H.: Carmichael and Sweet).
9. D. Trenin, "Collective Security and Collective Defense," Nezavisimaya Gazeta, November 4, 1994.
10. A. Konovalov, "Towards a New Division of Europe? Russia and the North Atlantic Alliance," Nezavisimaya Gazeta, December 7, 1994.
11. S. Oznobistchev, "Cooperation between Russia and NATO: Doubts and Prospects," PRISM, Vol. 3, No. 10 (June 1997), pp. 5-11.
12. Alexei G. Arbatov and B. Makeev, "The Kurile Barrier," Novoye Vriemya, No. 42 (November 1992), pp. 24-26.
13. S. Karaganov, Alexei G. Arbatov, and V. Tret'yakov, "Russia's Military Reform," Report of the Council on Foreign Defense Policy, in Nezavisimoye Voennoe Obozrenie, No. 25 (July 12-19, 1997), pp. 1-7.
14. Rokhlin, "Address to the Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation."
15. G. Yavlinsky, "There Is an Alternative to Robber Capitalism," Vabloko of Moscow Region, No. 24-25 (July 11, 1997), pp. 10-14.
16. World Military Expenditures and Arms Transfers 1995 (Washington, D.C., 1996), pp. 80-83, 86-87.
17. Reference information on the 1997 Federal Budge Law and the 1997 Federal Budget Sequestering Draft Law, Committee on Defense, State Duma, the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation (Moscow, December 1996 and June 1997).
18. S. Rogov, "Will Russia's Armed Forces Survive?" Nezavisimaya Gazeta, November 3, 1994.
19. V, Borodin, "The Government Has Promised to Foot 70 Percent of the Military Bill," Kommersant Daily, November 24, 1994.
20. Reference information on the 1997 Federal Budget Law and 1997 Federal Budget Sequestering Draft Law.
21. P. Baev, "Russia's Armed Forces: Spontaneous Demobilization," Bulletin on Arms Control, No. 13 (February), pp. 8-13.
22. Reference information on the 1997 Federal Budget Law and 1997 Federal Budget Sequestering Draft Law.
23. The balance between Russia and the United States in 1997 was 10,000 to 7,000 in tanks; 20,000 to 12,000 in armored combat vehicles; 4,700 to 3,200 in combat airplanes; 3,200 to 4,500 in combat helicopters; 270 to 235 in large combat ships; 101 to 96 in large submarines; and 10,000 to 9,000 in strategic and tactical nuclear warheads, respectively.
24. Reference information on the 1997 Federal Budget Law and 1997 Federal Budget Sequestering Draft Law.
25. A.G. Arbatov and G. Batanov, "What Kind of Army Can We Afford?" Moscow News, No. 67 (October 1-8, 1995).
26. Contact soldiers agree to serve in the armed forces for three years. In return, they receive a modest salary, housing, health insurance, and other benefits. Women cannot be drafted in Russia, but they can volunteer for contract service.
27. A. Golovnev, "Fighting in Chechnya: Lessons and Conclusions," interview with Krasnaya Zvezda, February 19, 1995.
28. Reference information on the 1997 Federal Budget Law and 1997 Federal Budget Sequestering Draft Law.
29. Ibid.
30. A.G. Arbatov, "Duma Steps Back from Military Reform," Moscow News, No. 14, (April 14-20, 1995).
31. Karaganov et al., "Russia's Military Reform."
32. S. Karaganov, "European Security Is Undergoing Its Deepest Crisis," Segodnia, August 1994.
33. Reference information on the 1997 Federal Budget Law and 1997 Federal Budget Sequestering Draft Law.
34. A. Zhilin, "If the War Comes Tomorrow," Moscow News, No. 2 (January 9-16, 1994).
35. Reference information on the 1997 Federal Budget Law and 1997 Federal Budget Sequestering Draft Law.
36. V. Litovkin, "Decay: The Criminal Trial of Three officers of the Northern Fleet," Izvestia, May 12, 1995.
37. A. Kondrashov and V. Tsepliaev, "The Army Will Have To Be Disbanded: There Is No Money," Argumenty I Fakty, No. 32 (August 6, 1997).
38. A. Zhilin, "Generals in Business," Moscow News, No. 24 (June 17-23, 1994).
39. V. Shylkov, "Economic Readjustment within the Russian Defense-Industrial Complex," Security Dialogue, Vol. 26, No. 1 (March 1995), pp. 19-34.
40. Rogov, "Will Russia's Armed Forces Survive?"
41. These include the ministries of electronics, the chemical industry, avionics, medium machine-building (now Minatom), and general machine-building. These ministries used to be under the Soviet Council of Ministers (in particular, the Military-Industrial Commission) and the Central Committee of the Communist Party. Although the Defense Ministry was able to exert some influence over policymaking, its measure of control was quite limited until funding and weapons were in hand.
42. Reference information on the 1997 Federal Budget Law and 1997 Federal Budget Sequestering Draft Law.
43. Ibid.
44. P. Mann, "Economic Morass Foils Military Progress," AW&ST, May 26, 1997, pp. 72-73.
45. Shylkov, "Economic Readjustment within the Russian Defense-Industrial Complex."
46. Reference information on the 1997 Federal Budget Law and 1997 Federal Budget Sequestering Draft Law.
47. G. Kostev, "Problems of Safety with Operating and Dismantling Nuclear Submarines," Report of the Committee on Critical Technologies and Nonproliferation, Moscow, 1997.
48. K. Kobets, "Priorities of Russia's Military Policy," Nezevasimaya Gazeta, February 5, 1992, pp. 1-2.
49. P. Grachev, "The Russian Army: A New Time," interview with Nezavisimaya Gazeta, June 3, 1993.
50. L. Shevtsova, "Russia Faces New Choices: Contradictions of Post-Communist Development," Security Dialogue, Vol. 26, No. 3 (September 1994), pp. 321-334.
51. Reference information on the 1997 Federal Budget Law and 1997 Federal Budget Sequestering Draft Law.
52. Ibid.
53. Karaganov et al., Russia's Military Reform.
54. Reference information on the 1997 Federal Budget Law and 1997 Federal Budget Sequestering Draft Law.
55. Ibid.
56. Karaganov et al., Russia's Military Reform.
57. A. Kokoshin, "Defense Industry Conversion in the Russian Federation," in Teresa Pelton Johnson and Steven E. Miller, eds., Russian Security after the Cold War (Washington, D.C.: Brassey's, 1995), pp. 43-74.
58. M. Specter, "Yeltsin's Plan to Cut Military Touches a Nerve," New York Times, July 28, 1997, pp. A1-A2.
59. Rokhlin, "Address to the Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces of the Russian and to the Russian Military."
60. Y. Gaidar, "The New Course," Izvestia, February 10, 1994.
61. Reference information on the 1997 Federal Budget Law and 1997 Federal Budget Sequestering Daft Law.
62. Karaganov et al., Russia's Military Reform.