Smoking, lipoproteins and coronary heart disease risk. Data from the Munster heart study (PROCAM)

European Heart Journal

Volumn 19, Issue 11, 1998, Pages 1632-1641

  Cullen, Paul ^a,b,c   Schulte, H ^b   Assmann, G ^a,b  

^a Inst Klin Chem L   (Germany)

^b Inst fur Arterioskleroseforschung   (Germany)

^c UNIVERSITY OF MÜNSTER   (Germany)

Author keywords

Coronary heart disease; Epidemiology; Fibrinogen; Lipoproteins; Smoking

Indexed keywords

FIBRINOGEN; LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; TRIACYLGLYCEROL;

ADULT; ARTICLE; BLOOD PRESSURE; BODY MASS; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; CHOLESTEROL BLOOD LEVEL; CIGARETTE SMOKING; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEMALE; FIBRINOGEN BLOOD LEVEL; FOLLOW UP; HEART INFARCTION; HUMAN; ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE; LIPOPROTEIN BLOOD LEVEL; MALE; NORMAL HUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SEX DIFFERENCE; TRIACYLGLYCEROL BLOOD LEVEL;

ADULT; CHOLESTEROL, HDL; CHOLESTEROL, LDL; CORONARY ARTERIOSCLEROSIS; CORONARY DISEASE; FEMALE; FIBRINOGEN; GERMANY; HUMANS; LIPOPROTEINS; LOGISTIC MODELS; MALE; PROSPECTIVE STUDIES; RISK FACTORS; SMOKING;

EID: 0032211217     PISSN: 0195668X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1053/euhj.1998.1086     Document Type: Article

References (43)

1. [1] Kannel WB. Update on the role of smoking in coronary artery disease. Am Heart J 1981; 101: 319-28.
2. [2] Stamler J. Cigarette smoking and atherosclerotic coronary artery disease. N Y Acad Med 1968; 44: 1476-94.
3. [3] Freeman DJ, Packard CJ. Smoking and plasma lipoprotein metabolism. Clin Sci 1995; 89: 333-42.
4. [4] Eliasson M, Lundblad D, Hägg E. Cardiovascular risk factors in young snuff-users and cigarette smokers. J Intern Med 1991; 230: 17-22.
5. [5] Nuttens MC, Romon M, Ruyidavets JB et al. Relationship between smoking and diet: the MONICA-France project. J Intern Med 1992; 231: 349-56.
6. [6] Midgette AS, Baron JA, Rohan TE. Do cigarette smokers have diets that increase their risks of coronary heart-disease and cancer? Am J Epidemiol 1993; 137: 521-9.
7. [7] Facchini FS, Hollenbeck CB, Jeppesen J, Ida Chen Y-D, Reaven GM. Insulin resistance and cigarette smoking. Lancet 1992; 339: 1128-39.
8. [8] Eliasson B, Attvall S, Taskinen M-R, Smith U. The insulin resistance syndrome in smokers is related to smoking habits. Arterioscler Thromb 1994; 14: 1946-50.
9. [9] Rose GA, Blackburn H. Cardiovascular survey methods. Geneva: World Health Organization, 1968: 137 ff.
10. [10] Friedewald WT, Levy J, Fredrickson DS. Estimation of the concentration of low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge. Clin Chem 1972; 18: 499-509.
11. [11] Clauss A. Gerinnungsphysiologische Schnellmethode zur Bestimmung des Fibrinogens. Acta Haematol 1957; 17: 237-46.
12. [12] Nie NH. SPSS-X Users' Guide. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1983.
13. [13] Ray AA. SAS Users' Guide: Basics. Cary, NC: SAS Institute, 1982.
14. [14] Assmann G, Schulte H, von Eckardstein A. Hypertriglyceridemia and elevated levels of lipoprotein (a) are risks factors for major coronary events in middle-aged men. Am J Cardiol 1996; 77: 1179-84.
15. [15] Gritz ER, Klesges RC, Meyer AW. Smoking and body weight: implications for interventions and post-cessation weight control. Ann Behav Med 1989; 11: 144-53.
16. [16] Rigotti NA. Cigarette smoking and body weight. N Engl J Med 1989; 320: 931-3.
17. [17] Williamson DF, Madans J, Anda RF, Kleinman JC, Giovino GA, Byers T. Smoking cessation and severity of weight gain in a national cohort. N Engl J Med 1991; 324: 739-45.
18. [18] Dyer AR, Stamler J, Paul O et al. Alcohol consumption, cardiovascular risk factors, and mortality in two Chicago epidemiologic studies. Circulation 1977; 56: 1067-74.
19. [19] Wannamethee G, Shaper AG. Blood lipids: the relationship with alcohol intake, smoking and body weight. J Epidemiol Comm Health 1993; 46: 197-202.
20. [20] Bolton-Smith C, Woodward M, Brown CA, Tunstall-Pedoe H. Nutrient intake by duration of ex-smoking in the Scottish Heart Health Study. Br J Nutr 1993; 69: 315-32.
21. [21] Jousilahti P, Tuomilehto J, Vartiainen E, Pekkanen J, Puska P. Body-weight, cardiovascular risk-factors, and coronary mortality - 15-year follow-up of middle-aged men and women in eastern Finland. Circulation 1996; 93: 1372-9.
22. [22] Jensen EX, Fusch C, Jaeger P, Peheim E, Horber FF. Impact of chronic cigarette smoking on body composition and fuel metabolism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1995; 80: 2181-5.
23. [23] Hubert HB, Feinleib M, McNamara PM, Castelli WP. Obesity as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease: a 26-year follow-up of participants in the Framingham heart study. Circulation 1983; 67: 968-77.
24. [24] Harris T, Cook EF, Garrison R, Kannel WB, Higgins M, Goldman L. Obesity and mortality in nonsmokers aged 65 years and older - the Framingham Heart Study. Am J Epidemiol 1986; 124: 513.
25. [25] Manson JE, Colditz GA, Stampfer MJ. A prospective study of obesity and risk of coronary heart disease in women. N Engl J Med 1990; 322: 882-9.
26. [26] Wattigney WA, Harsha DW, Srinivasan SR, Webber LS, Berenson GS. Increasing impact of obesity on serum lipids and lipoproteins in young adults - the Bogalusa Heart Study. Arch Int Med 1991; 151: 2017-22.
27. [27] Fitzgerald AP, Jarrett RJ. Body weight and coronary heart disease mortality - an analysis in relation to age and smoking habit - 15 years follow-up data from the Whitehall study. Int J Obes 1992; 16: 119-23.
28. [28] Garrison RJ, Higgins MW, Kannel WB. Obesity and coronary heart disease. Curr Op Lipidol 1996; 7: 199-202.
29. [29] Wilhelmsen L. Coronary heart disease: epidemiology of smoking and intervention studies of smoking. Am Heart J 1988; 115: 242-9.
30. [30] Marmot MG, Smith GD, Stansfeld S et al. Health inequalities among British civil servants - the Whitehall-II study. Lancet 1991; 337: 1387-93.
31. [31] Fulton JE, Shekelle RB. Cigarette smoking, weight gain, and coronary mortality - Results from the Chicago Western Electric Study. Circulation 1997; 96: 1438-44.
32. [32] Cullen P, Schulte H, Assmann G. The Münster Heart Study (PROCAM). Total mortality in middle-aged men is increased at low total and LDL cholesterol concentrations in smokers but not in nonsmokers. Circulation 1997; 96: 2128-36.
33. [33] Odell PM, Anderson KM, Kannel WB. New models for predicting cardiovascular events. J Clin Epidemiol 1994; 47: 583-92.
34. [34] Cremer P, Nagel D, Mann H et al. Ten-year follow-up results from the Goettingen Risk, Incidence and Prevalence Study (GRIPS). I. Risk factors for myocardial infarction in a cohort of 5790 men. Atherosclerosis 1997; 129: 221-30.
35. [35] Criqui MH, Wallace RB, Heiss G, Mishkel K, Schonfeld G, Jones GTL. Cigarette smoking and plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Circulation 1980; 62 (Suppl IV): IV70-IV76.
36. [36] Wilson PWF, Garrison RJ, Abbott RD, Castelli WP. Factors associated with lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Arteriosclerosis 1983; 3: 273-81.
37. [37] Craig WY, Palomäki GE, Haddow JE. Cigarette smoking and serum lipid and lipoprotein concentrations: an analysis of published data. BMJ 1989; 298: 784-8.
38. [38] Atvall S, Fowelin J, Lager I. Smoking induces insulin resistance: a potential link with the insulin resistance syndrome. J Intern Med 1993; 233: 327-32.
39. [39] Eliasson B, Taskinen M-R, Smith U. Long-term use of nicotine gum is associated with hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance. Circulation 1996; 94: 878-81.
40. [40] Godsland IF, Wynn V, Walton C, Stevenson JC. Insulin resistance and cigarette smoking. Lancet 1996; 339: 1619-20.
41. [41] Janzon L, Berntorp K, Jansson M, Lindell S-E, Trell E. Glucose tolerance and smoking: a population study of oral and intravenous glucose tolerance tests in middle-aged men. Diabetologia 1983; 25: 86-8.
42. [42] Reaven GM. Role of insulin resistance in human disease. Diabetes 1988; 37: 1595-1607.
43. [43] Freeman DJ, Griffin BA, Murray E et al. Smoking and plasma lipoproteins in man - effects on low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and high density lipoprotein subfraction distribution. Eur J Clin Invest 1993; 23: 630-40.