The authority of the clinical ethicist

Hasting Center Report

Volumn 28, Issue 6, 1998, Pages 6-11

  Casarett, David J ^a   Daskal, Frona ^a   Lantos, John ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANALYTICAL APPROACH; BEHAVIOR; BIOETHICS AND PROFESSIONAL ETHICS; CLINICAL COMPETENCE; CONFLICT; CONSENSUS; CONSULTATION; CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY; ETHICAL THEORY; ETHICIST; ETHICS; GROUP PROCESS; HUMAN; MEDICAL ETHICS; MORALITY; PROFESSIONAL STANDARD; REVIEW; ROLE PLAYING; SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY; STANDARD; THEORETICAL MODEL;

ANALYTICAL APPROACH; BIOETHICS AND PROFESSIONAL ETHICS;

CLINICAL COMPETENCE; CONSENSUS; CONSULTANTS; CULTURAL DIVERSITY; DISSENT AND DISPUTES; ETHICAL ANALYSIS; ETHICAL THEORY; ETHICISTS; ETHICS CONSULTATION; ETHICS, CLINICAL; ETHICS, MEDICAL; GROUP PROCESSES; HUMANS; MODELS, THEORETICAL; MORALS; POWER (PSYCHOLOGY); PRINCIPLE-BASED ETHICS; PROFESSIONAL ROLE; ROLE; SOCIAL VALUES;

EID: 0032197234     PISSN: 00930334     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2307/3528261     Document Type: Article

References (44)

1. Ruth B. Purtilo, "Ethics Consultations in the Hospital," NEJM 311 (1984): 983-86;
2. John C. Fletcher, "The Goals of Ethics Consultation," Biolaw 2 (1986): 37-47.
3. See Peter A. Singer, Edmund D. Pellegrino, and Mark Siegler, "Ethics Committees and Consultants," Journal of Clinical Ethics 1 (1990): 263-67;
4. Ruth Macklin, "Ethical Theory and Applied Ethics: A Reply to the Skeptics," in Clinical Ethics: Theory and Practice, ed. Barry Hoffmaster, Benjamin Freedman, and Gwen Fraser (Clifton, N.J.: Humana Press, 1989), pp. 102-24.
5. John LaPuma, David Schiedermayer, and Mark Siegler, "How Ethics Committees Can Help Resolve Dilemmas About Dying Patients," Western Journal of Medicine 163 (1995): 263-67.
6. Giles Scofield, "Ethics Consultation: The Least Dangerous Profession?" Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 2 (1993): 417-48.
7. Margaret Urban Walker, "Keeping Moral Space Open: New Images of Ethics Consulting," Hastings Center Report 23, no. 2 (1993): 33-40, at 35.
8. See LaPuma, Schiedermayer, and Siegler, "How Ethics Committees Can Help,"
9. John LaPuma and David Schiedermayer, "Must the Ethics Consultant See the Patient?" Journal of Clinical Ethics 1 (1990): 56-59;
10. Mark Siegler, "Defining the Goals of Ethics Consultation: A Necessary Step for Improving Quality," Quality Review Bulletin (1992): 15-16;
11. Troyen A. Brennan, "Ethics Committees and Decisions to Limit Care: The Experience at the Massachusetts General Hospital," JAMA 260 (1988): 803-807;
12. Singer et al., "Ethics Committees and Consultants";
13. Mark Siegler and Peter Singer, "Clinical Ethics Consultation: Godsend or God Squad?" American Journal of Medicine 85 (1988): 759-60.
14. For the roots of this model, see Philip A. Tumulty, "What Is a Clinician and What Does He Do?" NEJM 283 (1970): 20-24;
15. Mark Siegler, "Medical Consultation in the Context of the Physician-Patient Relationship," in Responsibility In Health Care, ed. George J. Agich (Dordrecht: D. Reidel, 1982), pp. 141-62.
16. On the model of mediation, see Mary Beth West, "Mediation and Communication Techniques in Ethics Consultation," Journal of Clinical Ethics 3 (1992): 291-92;
17. Mary Beth West and Joan McIver Gibson, "Facilitating Medical Ethics Case Review: What Medical Ethics Committees Can Learn from Mediation and Facilitation Techniques," Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 1 (1992): 63-74;
18. Susan Rubin and Laurie Zoloth-Dorfman, "First-Person Plural: Community and Method in Ethics Consultation," Journal of Clinical Ethics 5 (1994): 49-54.
19. On the model of hermeneutics, see Ronald Carson, "Interpretive Bioethics: The Way of Discernment," Theoretical Medicine 11 (1990): 51-59;
20. William Donnelly, "From Principles to Principals: The New Direction in Medical Ethics," Theoretical Medicine 15 (1994): 141-48;
21. Stephen Daniel, "Hermeneutical Clinical Ethics: A Commentary," Theoretical Medicine 15 (1994): 133-39;
22. David Thomasma, "Clinical Ethics as Medical Hermeneutics," Theoretical Medicine 15 (1994): 93-111.
23. On the model of psychotherapy, see Timothy J. Keay, "Ethics Committees and Family Ghosts: Case Studies," Journal of Clinical Ethics 5 (1994): 19-22.
24. Joel E. Frader, "Political and Interpersonal Aspects of Ethics Consultation," Theoretical Medicine 13 (1992): 31-44;
25. George J. Agich, "Clinical Ethics: A Theoretical Look," Social Science and Medicine 30 (1990): 389-99;
26. David Barnard, "Reflections of a Reluctant Clinical Ethicist: Ethics Consultation and the Collapse of Critical Distance," Theoretical Medicine 13 (1992): 15-22.
27. Jürgen Habermas, Moral Consciousness and Communicative Action, tr. Christian Lenhardt and Shierry Weber Nicholson (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1990). It is important to note, however, that Habermas cannot be viewed simply as a moral theorist. His early work folds together philosophy and politics, and in his later work he has become increasingly concerned with the interrelation of morality, communication, and the threat of bureaucratization. Moral theory represents only one part of a large and complex oeuvre.
28. Clifford Geerrz, The Interpretation of Cultures (New York: Basic Books, 1973), p. 93.
29. Habermas, Moral Consciousness, pp. 66-68.
30. On the role of the physician: Neil G. Smedira, B. H. Evans, L. S. Grais et al., "Withholding and Withdrawal of Life Support From the Critically Ill," NEJM 322 (1990): 309-15.
31. On the role of ethicists: Robert D. Orr, Kelly D. Morton, Dennis M. deLeon, and Juan C. Fals, "Evaluation of an Ethics Consultation Service: Patient and Family Perspective," American Journal of Medicine 101 (1996): 135-41;
32. David Casarett and Mark Siegler, "The Role of the Ethics Consultation Service in Unilateral DNAR Orders," Critical Care Medicine, forthcoming;
33. Brennan, "Ethics Committees and Decisions to Limit Care";
34. John LaPuma, Carol B. Stocking, Cheryl M. Darling, and Mark Siegler, "Community Hospital Ethics Consultation: Evaluation and Comparison With a University Hospital Service," American Journal of Medicine 92 (1992): 346-51;
35. John LaPuma, Carol B. Stocking, Marc D. Silverstein et al., "An Ethics Consultation Service in a Teaching Hospital: Utilization and Evaluation," JAMA 260 (1988): 808-11.
36. George H. Mead, Mind, Self and Society (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1934).
37. Jürgen Habermas, The Theory of Communicative Action, tr. Thomas McCarthy (Boston: Beacon Press, 1984), chapters 1 and 3.
38. Habermas, Moral Consciousness, p. 68.
39. Jonathan D. Moreno, "Ethics By Committee: The Moral Authority of Consensus," Journal of Medicine and Philosophy 13 (1988): 413-32.
40. Arthur Kleinman, Patients and Healers in the Context of Culture (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1980), pp. 71-83.
41. Andy Clark, "Connectionism, Moral Cognition, and Collaborative Problem-Solving," in Minds and Morals, ed. Larry May, Marilyn Friedman, and Andy Clark (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1996), pp. 109-27, at 122-23.
42. LaPuma et al., "Community Hospital Ethics Consultation";
43. John A. McClung, Russell S. Kramer, Margaret DeLuca, and Harlan J. Barber, "Evaluations of a Medical Ethics Consultation Service: Opinions of Patients and Health Care Providers," American Journal of Medicine 100 (1996): 456-60.
44. Guido Calabresi and Philip Bobbitt, Tragic Choices (New York: W. W. Norton, 1978).