The effect of family functioning and family sense of competence on people with mental illness

Family Relations

Volumn 47, Issue 4, 1998, Pages 443-451

  Johnson, Eric D ^a  

^a Consultation/Education Associates ^*  (United States)

Author keywords

Caregiving; Coping; Ethnicity; Family functioning; Mental illness

Indexed keywords

EID: 0032186526     PISSN: 01976664     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2307/585275     Document Type: Article

References (97)

1. Adebimpe, V. R. (1994). Race, racism, and epidemiological surveys. Hospital and Community Psychiatry, 45, 27-31.
2. American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
3. Anderson, C. M., Reiss, D. J., & Hogarty, G. E. (1986). Schizophrenia and the family. New York: Guilford.
4. Antonovsky, A. (1979). Health, stress, and coping. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
5. Antonovsky, A. (1987). Unraveling the mystery of health. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
6. Antonovsky, A., & Sourani, T. (1988). Family sense of coherence and family adaptation. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 50, 79-92.
7. Aviram, U. (1990). Community care of the seriously mentally ill: Continuing problems and current issues. Community Mental Health Journal, 26, 69-88.
8. Axelrod, J., Geismar, L., & Ross, R. (1994). Families of chronically mentally ill patients: Their structure, coping resources, and tolerance for deviant behavior. Health and Social Work, 19, 271-278.
9. Bachrach, L. L., Talbott, J. A., & Meyerson, A. T. (1987). The chronic psychiatric patient as a "difficult" patient: A conceptual analysis. In A.T. Meyerson (Ed.), New directions for mental health services: Vol. 33. Barriers to treating the chronic mentally ill. San Francisco: Jossey Bass.
10. Bateson, G., Jackson, D. D., Haley, J., & Weakland, J. (1956). Toward a theory of schizophrenia. Behavioral Science, 1(4), 251-264.
11. Bernheim, K. F., & Lehman, A. F. (1985). Working with families of the mentally ill. New York: Norton.
12. Biegel, D. E., Milligan, S. E., Putnam, P. L., & Song, L. Y. (1994). Predictors of burden among lower socioeconomic status caregivers of persons with chronic mental illness. Community Mental Health Journal, 30, 473-494.
13. Bigbee, J. L. (1992). Family stress, hardiness, and illness: A pilot study. Family Relations, 41, 212-217.
14. Bray, J. H. (1995). Family assessment: Current issues in evaluating families. Family Relations, 44, 469-477.
15. Brekke, J. S., & Mathiesen, S. G. (1995). Effects of parental involvement on the functioning of noninstitutionalized adults with schizophrenia. Psychiatric Services, 46, 1149-1155.
16. Brown, G. W., Birley, J. L. T., & Wing, J. K. (1972). Influence of family life on the course of schizophrenic disorders: A replication. British Journal of Psychiatry, 121, 241-258.
17. Camasso, M. J., & Geismar, L. L. (1992). A multivariate approach to construct reliability and validity assessment: The case of family functioning. Social Work Research and Abstracts, 28(4), 16-26.
18. Carter, D. E., & Newman, F. L. (1976). A client-oriented system of mental health service delivery and program management: A workbook and guide. Washington. DC: NIMH.
19. Casimir, G. J., & Morrison, B. J. (1993). Rethinking work with "multicultural populations." Community Mental Health Journal, 29, 547-559.
20. Coyne, J. C. (1987). Depression, biology, marriage and marital therapy. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 13, 393-408.
21. Coyne, J. C., & Downey, G. (1991). Social factors and psychopathology: Stress, social support, and coping processes. Annual Review of Psychology, 42, 401-425.
22. Curran, J. P., & Cirelli, V. A. (1988). The role of psychosocial factors in the etiology, course, and outcome of schizophrenia. In M. T. Tsuang & J. C. Simpson (Eds.), Handbook of Schizophrenia, Vol. 3: Nosology, Epidemiology, and Genetics (pp. 275-297). New York: Elsevier Science Publishers.
23. Drake, R. E., & Mueser, K. T. (Eds.). (1996). New directions for mental health services: Dual diagnosis of major mental illness and substance abuse. Vol. 2: Recent research and clinical implications (Vol. 70). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
24. Falloon, I. R. H., Boyd, J. L., & McGill, C. W. (1984). Family care of schizophrenia. New York: Guilford.
25. Falloon, I. R. H., & Liberman, R. P. (1983). Interactions between drug and psychosocial therapy in schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 9, 543-554.
26. Fife, B. L. (1995). The measurement of meaning in illness. Social Science and Medicine, 40, 1021-1028.
27. Folkman, S., Lazarus, R. S., Dunkel-Schetter, C., DeLongis, A., & Gruen, R. J. (1986). The dynamics of a stressful encounter: Cognitive appraisal, coping, and encounter outcomes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 50, 992-1003.
28. Frank, G. H. (1965). The role of the family in the development of psychopathology. Psychological Bulletin, 64(3), 191-205.
29. Freedman, R. I., & Moran, A. (1984). Wanderers in a promised land: The chronically mentally ill and deinstitutionalization. Medical Care, 22 (no. 12, supplement), S1-S60.
30. Geismar, L. L. (1980). Family and community functioning (2nd ed.). Metuchen, NJ: Scarecrow.
31. Geismar, L. L., & Camasso, M. J. (1993). The family functioning scale: A guide to research and practice. New York: Springer.
32. Giordano, J. (1994). Mental health and the melting pot: An introduction. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 64(3), 342-345.
33. Goldman, H. H., Adams, N. H., & Taube, C. A. (1983). Deinstitutionalization: The data demythologized. Hospital and Community Psychiatry, 34, 129-134.
34. Goldman, H. H., Gattozzi, A. A., & Taube, C. A. (1981). Defining and counting the chronically mentally ill. Hospital and Community Psychiatry, 32, 21-27.
35. Goldstein, M. J. (1987). Psychosocial issues. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 13, 157-171.
36. Goldstein, M. J. (1992). Commentary on "expressed emotion in depressed patients and their partners." Family Process, 31, 172-174.
37. Goldstein, M. J., & Miklowitz, D. J. (1995). The effectiveness of psychoeducational family therapy in the treatment of schizophrenic disorders. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 21, 361-376.
38. Greenberg, J. S., Kim, H. W., & Greenley, J. R. (1997). Factors associated with subjective burden in siblings of adults with severe mental illness. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 67, 231-241.
39. Grob, G. N. (1987). The forging of mental health policy in America: World War II to new frontier. Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences, 43, 410-446.
40. Guarnaccia, P. J., & Parra, P. (1996). Ethnicity, social status, and families' experiences of caring for a mentally ill family member. Community Mental Health Journal, 32, 243-260.
41. Hatfield, A. B. (1991). The National Alliance for the Mentally Ill: A decade later. Community Mental Health Journal, 27, 95-103.
42. Hatfield, A. B., & Lefley, H. P. (Eds.) (1987). Families of the mentally ill: Coping and adaptation. New York: Guilford.
43. Horwitz, A. V., Reinhard, S. C., & Howell-White, S. (1996). Caregiving as reciprocal exchange in families with seriously mentally ill members. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 37, 149-162.
44. Jackson, D. D. (Ed.). (1960). The etiology of schizophrenia. New York: Basic Books.
45. Jenkins, J. H., & Karno, M. (1992). The meaning of expressed emotion: Theoretical issues raised by cross cultural research. American Journal of Psychiatry 149, 9-21.
46. Kanter, J., Lamb, H. R., & Loeper, C. (1987). Expressed emotion in families: A critical review. Hospital and Community Psychiatry, 38, 374-380.
47. Kobasa, S. C. (1979). Stressful life events, personality, and health: An inquiry into hardiness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 37, 1-11.
48. Kobasa, S. C., Maddi, S. R., & Courington, S. (1981). Personality and constitution as mediators in the stress-illness relationship. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 22, 368-378.
49. Lamb, H. R. (1981). What did we really expect from deinstitutionalization? Hospital and Community Psychiatry, 32, 105-109.
50. Lazarus, R. S. (1977). Cognitive and coping processes in emotion. In A. Monat & R. S. Lazarus (Eds.), Stress and coping: An anthology (pp. 145-158). New York: Columbia University Press.
51. Lefley, H. P. (1992). Expressed emotion: Conceptual, clinical, and social policy issues. Hospital and Community Psychiatry, 43, 591-598.
52. Lefley, H. P. (1996). Family caregiving in mental illness. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
53. Lidz, T., & Fleck, S. (1960). Schizophrenia, human integration, and the role of the family. In D. D. Jackson (Ed.), The etiology of schizophrenia (pp. 323-345). New York: Basic Books.
54. Manderscheid, R. W., & Barrett, S. A. (Eds.). (1987). Mental health, United States, 1987. Rockville, MD: NIMH.
55. Marsh, D. T., Lefley, H. P., Evans-Rhodes, D., Ansell, V. I., Doerzbacher, B. M., LaBarbera, L., & Paluzzi, J. E. (1996). The family experience of mental illness: Evidence of resilience. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, 20, 3-12.
56. Mattlin, J. A., Wethington, E., & Kessler, R. C. (1990). Situational determinants of coping and coping effectiveness. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 31, 103-122.
57. McCubbin, H. I., McCubbin, M. A., Patterson, J. M., Cauble, A. E., Wilson, L. R., & Warwick, W. (1983). CHIP-Coping Health Inventory for Parents: An assessment of parental coping patterns in the care of the chronically ill child. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 45, 359-369.
58. McFarlane, W. R., Link, B., Dushay, R., Marchal, J., & Crilly, J. (1995). Psychoeducational multiple family groups: Four-year relapse outcome in schizophrenia. Family Process, 34, 127-144.
59. Mechanic, D. (1986). The challenge of chronic mental illness: A retrospective and prospective view. Hospital and Community Psychiatry, 37, 891-896.
60. Medvene, L. J., Mendoza, R., Lin, K. M., Harris, N., & Miller, M. (1995). Increasing Mexican-American attendance of support groups for parents of the mentally ill: Organizational and psychological factors. Journal of Community Psychology, 23, 307-324.
61. Meissner, W. W. (1970). Thinking about the family - psychiatric aspects. In N. W. Ackerman (Ed.), Family process (pp. 131-70). New York: Basic Books.
62. Miklowitz, D. J., Goldstein, M. J., Doane, J. A., Nuechterlein, K. H., Strachan, A. M., Snyder, K. S., & Magana-Amato, A. (1989). Is expressed emotion an index of a transactional process? I. Parents' affective style. Family Process, 28, 153-168.
63. Milstein, G., Guarnaccia, P. J., & Midlarsky, E. (1995). Ethnic differences in the interpretation of mental illness: Perspectives of caregivers. Research in Community and Mental Health, 8, 155-178.
64. Minkoff, K., & Drake, R. E. (Eds.). (1991). New directions for mental health services: Dual diagnosis of major mental illness and substance disorder (vol. 50). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
65. Mishler, E. G., & Waxler, N. E. (1965). Family interaction processes and schizophrenia: A review of current theories. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 11, 269-315.
66. National Council of Community Mental Health Centers (NCCMHC). (1987). On the cutting edge: Mental illness and substance abuse: The dually diagnosed client (Clinical Series No. 2). Rockville, MD: Author.
67. New Jersey Division of Mental Health and Hospitals (NJDMH&H). (1979). C.R.I.S. procedure manual. Trenton, NJ: Author.
68. Noh, S., & Turner, R. J. (1987). Living with psychiatric patients: Implications for the mental health of family members. Social Science and Medicine, 25, 263-271.
69. Nuechterlein, K. H., & Dawson, M. E. (1984). A heuristic vulnerability/stress model of schizophrenic episodes. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 10, 300-311.
70. Nuechterlein, K. H., Dawson, M. E., Gitlin, M., Ventura, J., Goldstein, M. J., Snyder, K. S., Yee, C. M., & Mintz, J. (1992). Developmental processes in schizophrenic disorders: Longitudinal studies of vulnerability and stress. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 18, 387-424.
71. Olson, D. H. (1986). Circumplex model VII: Validation studies and FACES III. Family Process, 25, 337-351.
72. Olson, D. H., McCubbin, H. I., & Associates. (1985). Family inventories (rev. ed.). St. Paul, MN: Family Social Science, University of Minnesota.
73. Olson, D. H., Sprenkle, D. H., & Russell, C. S. (1979). Circumplex model of marital and family systems: I. Cohesion and adaptability dimensions, family types, and clinical applications. Family Process, 18(1), 3-28.
74. Pearlin, L. I., Menaghan, E. G., Lieberman, M. A., & Mullan, J. T. (1981). The stress process. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 22, 337-356.
75. Pickett, S. A., Cook, J. A., Cohler, B. J., & Solomon, M. L. (1997). Positive parent/adult child relationships: Impact of severe mental illness and caregiving burden. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 67, 220-230.
76. Pickett, S. A., Vraniak, D. A., Cook, J. A., & Cohler, B. J. (1993). Strength in adversity: Blacks bear burden better than whites. Professional Psychology, 24, 460-467.
77. Pruchno, R., Patrick, J. H., & Burant, C. J. (1997). African American and white mothers of adults with chronic disabilities: Caregiving burden and satisfaction. Family Relations, 46, 335-346.
78. Rosenberg, M., Schooler, C., Schoenbach, C., & Rosenberg, F. (1995). Global self-esteem and specific self-esteem: Different concepts, different outcomes. American Sociological Review, 60, 141-156.
79. Ross, C. E., Mirowsky, J., & Goldstein, K. (1990). The impact of the family on health: The decade in review. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 52, 1059-1078.
80. Sabatelli, R. M., & Bartle, S. E. (1995). Survey approaches to the assessment of family functioning: Conceptual, operational, and analytical issues. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 57, 1025-1039.
81. Simoni, J. M., & Perez, L. (1995). Latinos and mutual support groups: A case for considering culture. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 65, 440-445.
82. Skillbeck, W. M., Acosta, F. X., Yamamoto, J., & Evans, L. A. (1984). Self-reported psychiatric symptoms among black, hispanic, and white outpatients. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 40, 1184-1189.
83. Snowden, L. R., & Cheung, F. K. (1990). Use of inpatient mental health services by members of ethnic minority groups. American Psychologist, 45, 347-355.
84. Solomon, P., & Draine, J. (1995). Subjective burden among family members of mentally ill adults: Relation to stress, coping, and adaptation. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 65, 419-427.
85. Strachan, A. M. (1986). Family intervention for the rehabilitation of schizophrenia: Toward protection and coping. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 12, 678-698.
86. Stueve, A., Vine, P., & Struening, E. L. (1997). Perceived burden among caregivers of adults with serious mental illness: Comparison of black, hispanic, and white families. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 67, 199-209.
87. Sue, S., Fujino, D. C., Hu, L., Takeuchi, D. T., & Zane, N. (1991). Community mental health services for ethnic minority groups: A test of the cultural responsiveness hypothesis. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 59, 533-540.
88. Sullivan, G., Wells, K. B., & Leake, B. (1992). Clinical factors associated with better quality of life in a seriously mentally ill population. Hospital and Community Psychiatry, 43, 794-798.
89. Tessler, R. C., Killian, L. M., & Gubman, G. D. (1987). Stages in family response to mental illness: An ideal type. Psychosocial Rehabilitation Journal, 10(4), 3-16.
90. Tobias, L. L., & MacDonald, M. L. (1977). Internal locus of control and weight loss: An insufficient condition. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 45, 647-653.
91. Vaughn, C. E., & Leff, J. P. (1976). The influence of family and social factors on the course of psychiatric llness. British Journal of Psychiatry, 129, 125-137.
92. Vaughn, C. E., & Leff, J. P. (1981). Patterns of emotional response in relatives of schizophrenic patients. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 7, 43-44.
93. Wallston, B. S., Wallston, K. A., Kaplan, G. D., & Maides, S. A. (1976). Development and validation of the health locus of control (HLC) scale. Journal of Counseling and Clinical Psychology, 44, 580-585.
94. Wing, J. K. (1978). Social influences on the course of schizophrenia. In L. C. Wynne, R. L. Cromwell, & S. Matthysse (Eds.), The nature of schizophrenia: New approaches to research and treatment (pp. 599-616) New York: John Wiley.
95. Wynne, L. C., & Singer, M. T. (1963). Thought disorder and family relations of schizophrenics. Archives of General Psychiatry, 9, 191-206.
96. Zubin, J. (1986). Models for the aetiology of schizophrenia. In G. D. Burrows, T. R. Norman, & G. Rubinstein (Eds.), Handbook of studies on schizophrenia. Part I: Epidemiology, aetiology and clinical features (pp. 97-104). New York: Elsevier Science Publishers.
97. Zubin, J., & Spring, B. (1977). Vulnerability - a new view of schizophrenia. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 86, 103-126.