Understanding water treeing mechanisms in the development of diagnostic test methods

IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation

Volumn 5, Issue 5, 1998, Pages 754-760

  Hvidsten, S ^a   Ildstad, E ^a   Sletbak, J ^a   Faremo, H ^b  

^a NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY   (Norway)

^b SINTEF ENERGY RESEARCH   (Norway)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CALCULATIONS; DIELECTRIC LOSSES; ELECTRIC CABLES; ELECTRIC CONTACTS; ELECTRIC FIELDS; FINITE ELEMENT METHOD; NONDESTRUCTIVE EXAMINATION; PERMITTIVITY;

DIAGNOSTIC TEST METHODS; MAXWELL MECHANICAL STRESSES; WATER TREED INSULATION;

ELECTRIC INSULATION;

EID: 0032179515     PISSN: 10709878     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1109/94.729699     Document Type: Article

References (24)

1. U. Gäfvert, R. Eriksson, P. Werelius, B. Holmgren and L. Olsson, "XLPE Cable Diagnosis by Measurements of Dielectric Losses as a Function of Frequency and Voltage", 13th International Conference and Exhibition on Electricity Distribution (CIRED), Brussels, Paper no. 3.06, 1995.
2. H. Faremo, B. E. Knutsen and J. A. Olsen, "12 and 24 kV XLPE Cables in Norway, Faults Related to Water Treeing", 12th International Conference and Exhibition on Electricity Distribution (CIRED), Birmingham, Paper no. 3.10, 1993.
3. E. Ildstad, "Status and Trends Diagnostic of Polymeric High Voltage Cables", Stockholm Power Tech., June 18-22, Stockholm, Sweden, pp. 124-129, No. 05-04, 1995.
4. T. Heizmann and W. Zaengl, "'Vor-ort-diagnose von Polymerisolierten Mittelspannungskabeln", Bulletin SEV/VSE No.23, pp. 27-37, 1994.
5. S. Hvidsten, E. Ildstad, B. Holmgren and P. Werelius, "Correlation between ac Breakdown Strength and Low Frequency Dielectric Loss of Water Tree Aged XLPE Cables", IEEE Transaction on Power Delivery, Vol. 13, No.1, pp. 40-45, 1998.
6. P. Werelius, B. Holmgren and U. Gäfvert, "Diagnosis of Water Tree Deteriorated MV-XLPE Cables", Proc. of Nordic Insulation Symposium (NOED-IS 96), June 10-12, Bergen, Norway 1996.
7. S. Hvidsten and E. Ildstad, "Dielectric Properties of Water Tree Aged XLPE Cables", Proc. of Nordic Insulation Symposium (NORD-IS 96), June 10-12, Bergen, Norway 1996.
8. K. Swapan, K. Battacharya and N. Brown, "Micromechanisms of Crack Initiation in Thin Films and Thick Sections of Polyethylene", Journal of Materials Science, No. 19, pp. 2519-2532, 1984.
9. R. Patsch and P. Romero, "Electrical Signals from Water Trees - Polarisation and Depolarisation Currents", 6th International Conference on Dielectric Materials, Measurements and Applications (DMMA), Sept. 7-10, Manchester, UK 1992.
10. J. Sletbak, "A Theory of Water Tree Initiation and Growth", IEEE Transaction on Power Applications and Systems, Vol. 4, July 1979.
11. N. G. McCrum, C. P. Buckley and C. P. Bucknall, Principles of polymer engineering, Oxford University Press, ISBN 0198561520, 1994.
12. H. H. Kausch, Polymer fracture, 2nd Ed., Springer Verlag, ISBN 0 387 08786 9, 1987.
13. P. T. Reynolds, "Micromechanisms of Deformation in Polyethylene", Journal of Materials Science Letters, No.7, pp. 759-762, 1988.
14. E. Ildstad, H. Bördsen, H. Faremo and B. Knutsen, "Influence of Mechanical Stress and Frequency on Water Treeing in XLPE Cable Insulation", IEEE International Symposium on Electrical Insulation, Toronto, Canada, June 3-6, 1990.
15. T. Kouti, J. Karppo, P. Huotari and A. Hongisto, "Experience in On-Line Relaxation of XLPE Insulated High Voltage Cables", Jicable 95, A.2.3, pp. 45-50, 1995.
16. P. Dunn. and G. F. Sansom, "Stress Cracking of Polyamide by Metal Salts", Journal of Applied Polymer Science, No. 13, pp. 1641-1688, 1969.
17. S. Bamji, A. Bulinski, J. Densley, A. Garton and N. Shimizu, "Properties of Water Treed and Non-Treed XLPE Cable Insulation", CEIDP Oct. 21-25, Claymont, DE, USA, 1984.
18. L. J. Rose, V. Rose and J. J. de Bellet, "The Effect of Polymer Microstructure on Water Tree Performance in Crosslinked Polyethylene for Cable Insulation", ICSD, Erlangen, pp. 250, July 1986.
19. R. H. Olley, D. C. Basset, A. S. Vaughan, V. A. A. Banks, P. B. McAllister and S. M. Moody, "Delineating Water Trees in Cross-Linked Polyethylene: a New Technique", Journal of Materials Science, No. 27, pp. 5192-5198, 1992.
20. W. B. Reid, L. J. Rose, V. Rose, A. Campus, C. Baker and J. Walton, "Water Tree Degradation in Power Cable Insulation: Understanding and Prevention", 6th International Conference on Dielectric Materials, Measurements and Applications (DMMA), Sept. 7-10, Manchester, UK, 1992.
21. FLUX2D™ ver. 7.1, CAD package electromagnetic and thermal using finite elements - guide, CEDRAT, Nov. 1994.
22. G. H. Aylward and T. J. V. Findlay, SI - Chemical data. J. Wiley & Sons, Auckland Australia, 2nd Ed., ISBN 0 471 03851 2, 1987.
23. J. L. Chen and J. C. Filippini, "The Morphology and the Behaviour of the Water Tree", IEEE Transactions of Electrical Insulation, pp. 271-286, Vol. 28, No.2, April 1993.
24. U. Rengel, "Space Charge Distribution in Single Water Trees Measured by Laser Induced Pressure Pulse Method", Jicable 95, Versailles, France, June 25-29, pp. 175-178, 1995.