Seasonal rainfall partitioning under runon and runoff conditions on sandy soil in Niger. On-farm measurements and water balance modelling

Journal of Hydrology

Volumn 210, Issue 1-4, 1998, Pages 68-92

  Rockstrom J ^a   Jansson, P E ^b   Barron, J ^a  

^a STOCKHOLM UNIVERSITY   (Sweden)

^b SWEDISH UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES   (Sweden)

Author keywords

On farm; Pearl millet; Sahel; Soil evaporation; Transpiration; Water use efficiency

Indexed keywords

AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF; CROPS; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; FLOW OF WATER; MATHEMATICAL MODELS; PARAMETER ESTIMATION; PERCOLATION (FLUIDS); SOILS;

SEASONAL RAINFALL PARTITIONING; SOIL EVAPORATION; WATER USE EFFICIENCY;

RAIN;

PARTITIONING; SEMIARID REGION;

NIGER;

EID: 0032171041     PISSN: 00221694     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0022-1694(98)00176-0     Document Type: Article

References (63)

1. Agnew, C.T. and Andersson, E.W., 1992. Water resources in the arid realm. Routledge physical environment series. Routledge, London.
2. Allen, S.J., Oliver, H.R., Gash, J.H.C. and Wallace, J.S., 1990. Albedo variation over vegetated and bare soil surfaces in the Sahel. In: Third WMO symposium on meteorological aspects of tropical droughts with the emphasis on long-range forecasting. Niamey, Niger, 30 April-4 May, 1990, WMO/TD 353, pp. 187-190.
3. Alvenás, G., Jansson, P.-E., 1997. Model for evaporation, moisture and temperature of bare soil: calibration and sensitivity analysis, Agric. For. Met., 88, 47-56.
4. Azam-Ali, S.N., 1983. Seasonal estimates of transpiration from a millet crop using a porometer, Agric. Meteorol., 30, 13-24.
5. Breman, H. and Kessler, J.J., 1995. Woody plants in agro-ecosystems of semiarid regions. Springer, Berlin, p. 340.
6. Brouwer, J., Fussell, L.K., Herrmann, L., 1993. Soil and crop growth micro-variability in the West African semi-arid tropics: a possible risk-reducing factor for subsistence farmers, Agric. Ecosys. Environ., 45, 229-238.
7. Camillo, P.J., Gurney, R.J., 1986. A resistance parameter for bare-soil evaporation models, Soil. Sci, 141, 95-105.
8. Casenave, A., Valentin, C., 1992. A runoff classification system based on surface features criteria in semi-arid areas of West Africa, J. Hydrol., 130, 231-249.
9. Choudbury, B.J., Monteith, J.L., 1988. A four-layer model for the heat budget of homogeneous land surfaces, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 114, 373-398.
10. Daamen, C.C., Simmonds, L.P., Wallace, J.S., Laryea, K.B., Sivakumar, M.V.K., 1993. Use of microlysimeters to measure evaporation from sandy soils, Agric. For. Meteorol., 65, 159-173.
11. Daamen, C.C., Simmonds, L.P., Sivakumar, M.V.K., 1995. The impact of sparse millet crops on evaporation from soil in semi-arid Niger, Agric. Water Mngt, 27, 225-242.
12. Daamen, C.C., 1997. Two source model of surface fluxes for millet fields in Niger, Agric. For. Meteorol., 83, 205-230.
13. Dancette, C., 1983. Besoins en eau du mil au Sénégal-adaptations en zone semi-aride tropicale, L'Agronomie Tropicale, 38 (4), 267-280.
14. d'Herbes, J.M., Valentin, C., 1997. Land surface conditions of the Niamey region (Niger): ecological and hydrological implications, J. Hydrol., 188, 13-42.
15. Doorenbos, J. and Pruitt, W.O., 1984. Crop water requirements. FAO Irrigation and Drainage paper no. 24. FAO, Rome, p. 144.
16. Gaze, S.R., Simmonds, L.P., Brouwer, J., Bouma, J., 1997. Measurement of surface redistribution of rainfall and modelling its effect on water balance calculations of a millet field on sandy soil in Niger, J. Hydrol., 188, 267-284.
17. Goodrich, D.C., Faurès, J.-M., Woolhiser, D.A., Lane, L.J., Sorooshian, S., 1995. Measurement and analysis of small-scale convective storm rainfall variability, J. Hydrol., 173, 283-308.
18. Goutorbe, J.-P., Lebel, T., Tinga, A., Bessemoulin, P., Brouwer, J., Dolman, A.J., Engman, E.T., Gash, J.H.C., Hoepffner, M., Kabat, P., Kerr, Y.H., Monteney, B., Prince, S., Said, F., Sellers, P., Wallace, J.S., 1994. HAPEX-Sahel: a large-scale study of land-atmosphere interactions in the semi-arid tropics, Ann. Geophys., 12, 53-64.
19. Gregory, P.J., 1989. Water-use efficiency of crops in the semi-arid tropics. In: Soil, crop and water management in the Sudano-Sahelian Zone. ICRISAT, Patancheru, India, pp. 85-98.
20. Grema, A.K., Hess, T.M., 1994, Water balance and water use of pearl millet-cowpea intercrops in north east Nigeria, Agric. Water Mngt, 26, 169-185.
21. Henson, I.E., Alagarswamy, G., Mahalakshmi, V., Bidinger, F.R., 1983. Stomatal response to water stress and its relationship to bulk leaf water status and osmotic adjustment in pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum (L.) Leeke), J. Exp. Bot., 34 (141), 442-450.
22. Hoogmoed, W.B., Stroosnijder, L., 1984. Crust formation on sandy soils in the Sahel I. Rainfall and infiltration, Soil Tillage Res., 4, 5-23.
23. Jacobs, A.F.G., van Boxel, J.H., 1988. Changes of the displacement height and roughness length of maize during a growing season, Agric. For. Meteorol., 42, 53-62.
24. Jansson, P.-E., 1991. Soil water and heat model, Technical description. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Division of Hydrotechnics, Report no. 165. Uppsala, p. 72.
25. Johnsson, H., Jansson, P.-E., 1991. Water balance and soil moisture dynamics of field plots with barley and grass ley, J. Hydrol., 129, 149-173.
26. Kassam, A.H., Kowal, J.M., 1975. Water use, energy balance and growth of Gero millet at Samaru, northern Nigeria, Agr. Meteorol., 15, 333-342.
27. Katerji, N., Perrier, A., 1985. Determination of canopy resistance to water vapour and its various components: theoretical approach and experimental verification, Agric. For. Meteorol., 34, 105-120.
28. Klaij, M.C., Vachaud, G., 1992. Seasonal water balance of a sandy soil in Niger cropped with pearl millet, based on profile moisture measurements, Agric. Water Mngt, 21, 313-330.
29. Kool, J.B. and Parker, J.C., 1987. Estimating soil hydraulic properties from transient flow experiments: SFIT user's guide. Report submitted to the Electric Power Research Inst. Palo Alto, CA, p. 42.
30. Lal, R., 1991. Current research on crop water balance and implications for the future. In: M.V.K. Sivakumar, J.S. Wallace, C. Renard and C. Giroux (Editors). Soil Water Balance in the Sudano-Sahelian Zone, Proceedings of an International Workshop, Niamey, Niger, February, 1991. IAHS Press, Institute of Hydrology, Wallingford, UK, pp. 31-44.
31. Le Barbé, L., Lebel, T., 1997. Rainfall climatology of the HAPEX-Sahel region during the years 1960-1990, J. Hydrol., 188, 43-73.
32. Lebel, T., Taupin, J.D., d'Amato, N., 1997. Rainfall monitoring during HAPEX-Sahel. 1 General rainfall conditions and climatology, J. Hydrol., 188, 74-96.
33. Lewan, E., 1993. Evaporation and discharge from arable land with cropped and bare soils during winter. Measurements and simulations, Agric. For. Meteorol., 64, 131-159.
34. Lindroth, A., 1985. Canopy conductance of coniferous forests related to climate, Water Resour. Res., 21 (3), 297-304.
35. Maiti, R.K. and Bidinger, F.R., 1981. Growth and development of the pearl millet plant. ICRISAT Research Bulletin no. 6. ICRISAT, Patancheru, India, p. 14.
36. Monteith. J.L., 1965. Evaporation and environment. In: G.E. Fogg (Editor), The state and movement of water in living organisms, 19th Symp. Soc. Exp. Biol. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 205-234.
37. Monteith, J.L. and Unsworth, M.H., 1990. Principles of environmental physics. Arnold, London, p. 287.
38. Payne, W.A., Lascano, R.J., Hossner, L.R., Wendt, C.W., Onken, A.B., 1991. Pearl millet growth as affected by phosphorus and water, Agron. J., 83, 942-948.
39. Payne, W.A., Hossner, L.R., Onken, A.B., Wendt, C.W., 1995. Nitrogen and phosphorus uptake in pearl millet and its relation to nutrient and transpiration efficiency, Agron. J., 87, 425-431.
40. Richards, L.A., 1931. Capillary conduction of liquids through porous mediums. Physics, 1: 318-333.
41. Rockström, J., 1997a. On-farm agrohydrological analysis of the Sahelian yield crisis: rainfall partitioning, soil nutrients and water use efficiency of pearl millet. PhD thesis in Natural Resources Management, Department of Systems Ecology, Stockholm University, Sweden, p. 220.
42. Rockström, J., 1997b. More food with less water? Options for efficient water management in dryland agriculture. In: A.M. Shady, A. Kassem, C.E. Delisle and M.A. Bouchard (Editors), Water resources outlook for the 21st Century: IXth World Water Congress of the International Water Resources Association (IWRA), 1-6 September 1997, Montréal, Canada. Collection Environnement de l'Université de Montréal, Hors-Série no. 9, Vol. I-II, pp. 189-191.
43. Rockström, J., de Rouw, A., 1997. Water, nutrients and slope position in on-farm pearl millet cultivation in the Sahel, Plant Soil, 195, 311-327.
44. Rockström, J., Valentin, C., 1997. Hillslope dynamics of on-farrn generation of surface water flows: the case of rainfed cultivation of pearl millet on sandy soil in the Sahel, Agric. Water Mngt, 33, 183-210.
45. Rotmans, A., 1994. Physical landqualities and surface crusting: a research into soil physical characteristics and variability on sandy Sahelian soils, Niger, Africa. MSc thesis, Department of Soil Science and Geology, University of Wageningen, The Netherlands.
46. SAS Institute Inc., 1990. SAS/STAT User's guide. Version 6, 4th edn, Vol. 1. SAS Institute Inc., Gary, NC, USA, pp. 209-245.
47. Shuttleworth, W.J., Wallace, J.S., 1985. Evaporation from sparse crops - an energy combination theory, Q. J. R. Met. Soc., 111, 839-855.
48. Sivakumar, M.V.K., 1993. Agroclimatology of West Africa: Niger. Information Bulletin no. 5. ICRISAT, Patancheru, AP 502 324, India, p. 108.
49. Soegaard, H., Boegh, E., 1995. Estimation of evapotranspiration from a millet crop in the Sahel combining sap flow, leaf area index and eddy correlation technique, J. Hydrol., 166, 265-282.
50. Soil Survey Staff, 1990. Keys to Soil Taxonomy (4th Ed.) SMSS Technical Monograph No 6, Blacksburg, Virginia, 433p.
51. Squire, G.R., 1979. The response of stomata of pearl millet (Pennisetum typhoides S. and H.) to atmospheric humidity, J. Exp. Bot., 30 (118), 925-933.
52. Squire, G.R., Gregore, P.J., Monteith, J.L., Russell, M.B., Singh, P., 1984. Control of water use by pearl millet, Exp. Agric., 20, 135-149.
53. Stannard, D.I., 1993. Comparison of Penman-Monteith, Shuttteworth-Wallace, and modified Priestley-Taylor evapotranspiration models for wildland vegetation in semiarid rangeland, Water Resour. Res., 29 (5), 1379-1392.
54. Stroosnijder, L., Hoogmoed, W.B., 1984. Crust formation on sandy soils in the Sahel II. Tillage and its effect on the water balance, Soil Tillage Res., 4, 321-337.
55. Szeicz, G., van Bavel, C.H.M., Takami, S., 1973. Stomatal factor in the water use and dry matter production by sorghum, Agric. Meteorol., 12, 361-389.
56. Tanner, C.B. and Sinclair, T.R., 1983. Efficient water use in crop production: research or re-search? In: H.M. Taylor, W.R. Jordan and T.R. Sinclair (Editors), Limitations to efficient water use in crop production. Madison Wisconsin: ASA, CSSA, SSSA. p. 538.
57. Tennant, D., 1975. A test of a modified line intersect method of estimating root length, J. EcoL, 63, 995-1002.
58. Tewolde, H., Dobrenze, A.K., Voigt, R.L., 1993. Seasonal trends in leaf photosynthesis and stomatal conductance of drought stressed and nonstressed pearl millet as associated to vapour pressure deficit, Photosynth. Res., 38, 41-49.
59. Tolk, J.A., Howell, T.A., Steiner, J.L., Krieg, D.R., 1995. Aerodynamic characteristics of corn as determined by energy balance techniques, Agron. J., 87, 464-473.
60. van Dam, J.C., van Stricker, J.N.M., Droogers, P., 1994. Inverse method to determine soil hydraulic functions from multistep outflow experiments, Soil, Sci. Soc. Am. J., 58, 647-652.
61. van Genuchten, M.Th., 1980. A closed-form equation for predicting the hydraulic conductivity of unsaturated soils, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 44, 892-898.
62. Wallace, J.S., Roberts, J.S., Sivakumar, M.V.K., 1990. The estimation of transpiration from sparse dryland millet using stomatal conductance and vegetation area indices, Agric. For. Meteorol., 51, 35-49.
63. Wallace, J.S., 1991. The measurement and modelling of evaporation from semiarid land. In: M.V.K. Sivakumar, J.S. Wallace, C. Renard and C. Giroux (Editors), Soil water balance in the Sudano-Sahelian zone. Proc. Int. Workshop, Niamey, Niger, 18-23 February 1991, IAHS Publ. no. 199. IAHS Press, Institute of Hydrology, Wallingford, UK, pp. 131-148.