Clearing up clouded waters: palaeoenvironmental analysis of freshwater mussel assemblages from the Green River shell middens, western Kentucky

Journal of Archaeological Science

Volumn 25, Issue 9, 1998, Pages 907-926

  Morey, Darcy F ^a   Crothers, George M ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS   (United States)

^b WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARCHAEOLOGY; MIDDEN; PALAEOENVIRONMENT;

GREEN RIVER; KENTUCKY; UNITED STATES;

EID: 0032171004     PISSN: 03054403     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1006/jasc.1997.0272     Document Type: Article

References (92)

1. Annis, W. (1977). Conversations with William Marquardt, Julie Stein, and others, recorded in June, 1977 and October, 1979, in Logansport, Kentucky. Bowling Green, KY: Western Kentucky University, Department of Library Special Collections, Folklife Archives (accession number pending).
2. Anonymous. (1963). Registers of letters received by the Topographical Bureau of the War Department, 1824-1866. Washington D.C.: The National Archives of the United States, Record Group 77, Microcopy No. 505, Roll 1.
3. Baker, R. G., Mäher, L. J., Chumbley, C. A., &Van Zant, K. L. (1992). Patterns of Holocene environmental change in the midwestern United States. Quaternary Research 37, 379-389.
4. Bogan, A. E. (1997). Evidence for freshwater bivalve extinction in the Pleistocene/Holocene record? Paper presented at the 62nd Annual Meeting of the Society for American Archaeology, Nashville, TN.
5. Burch, J. B. (1975). Freshwater Unioacean Clams (Mollusca: Pelecypoda) of North America. Hamburg, Michigan: Malacological Publications.
6. Butler County Historical and Genealogical Society. (1987). Butler County, Kentucky-A History of Butler County and its People. Bowling Green, KY: Taylor.
7. Carstens, K. C. &Watson, P. J. (Ed.). (1996). Of Caves and Shell Mounds. Tuscaloosa, AL: University of Alabama Press.
8. Cicerello, R. R. &Hannan, R. R. (1990). Survey of the Freshwater Unionidae (Mussels) (Bivalvia: Margaritiferidae and Unionidae) in the Green River in Mammoth Cave National Park, Kentucky. Frankfort, KY: Kentucky State Nature Preserves Commission, Technical Report.
9. Cicerello, R. R., Warren, M. L. &Schuster, G. A. (1991). A distributional checklist of the freshwater unionids (Bivalvia: Unionoidea) of Kentucky. American Malacological Bulletin 8, 113-129.
10. Claassen, C. (1991a). New hypotheses for the demise of the shell mound Archaic. In (C. H. McNutt, Ed.) The Archaic Period in the Mid-South. Jackson, MS: Mississippi Department of Archives and History, Archaeology Report 24, pp. 66-71.
11. Claassen, C. (1991b). Gender, shellfishing, and the shell mound Archaic. In (J. M. Gero &M. Conkey, Eds) Engendering Archaeology: Women and Prehistory. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, pp. 276-300.
12. Claassen, C. (1992). Shell mounds as burial mounds: A revision of the shell mound Archaic. In (D. Pollack &A. G. Henderson, Eds) Current Archaeological Research in Kentucky: Volume Two. Frankfort, KY: Kentucky Heritage Council, pp. 1-11.
13. Claassen, C. (1996a). Research problems with shells from Green River shell matrix sites. In (K. C. Carstens &P. J. Watson, Eds) Of Caves and Shell Mounds. Tuscaloosa, AL: University of Alabama Press, pp. 132-139.
14. Claassen, C. (1996b). A consideration of the social organization of the shell mound Archaic. In (K. E. Sassaman &D. G. Anderson, Eds) Archaeology of the Mid-Holocene Southeast. Gainesville, FL: University Press of Florida, pp. 235-258.
15. Clench, W. J. &van der Schalie, H. (1944). Notes on naiades from the Green, Salt, and Tradewater Rivers in Kentucky. Papers of the Michigan Academy of Arts and Sciences 29, 223-228.
16. Coppin, F. E. (1891). Ink Tracings of: Survey of Green River, State of Kentucky, Surveyed Under the Direction of Lieut. Campbell Graham [maps 2-8], By Lieut's [sic] J. B. Grayson & C. P. Buckingham, Drawn by Brevet 2nd Lieut. C. P. Buckingham, 1829. Bowling Green, KY: Western Kentucky University, Department of Library Special Collections, University Archives, Map no. L36482.
17. Crocker, H. B. (1976). The Green River of Kentucky. Lexington: The University Press of Kentucky. Crothers, G. M. (in prep.). Archaic Period Subsistence and Economy: The Green River Shell Midden Sites of Kentucky. Unpublished Ph.D. Dissertation, Department of Anthropology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO.
18. Cummings, K. S. & Mayer, C. A. (1992). Field Guide to Freshwater Mussels of the Midwest. Champaign: Illinois Natural History Survey, Manual 5.
19. Deevey, E. S. & Flint, R. F. (1957). Postglacial Hypsithermal Interval. Science 125, 182-184.
20. Funkhouser, W. D. & Webb, W. S. (1928). Ancient Life in Kentucky. Lexington, KY: Kentucky Geological Survey, Series 6, Vol. 34.
21. Funkhouser, W. D. & Webb, W. S. (1932). Archaeological Survey of Kentucky. Lexington, KY: University of Kentucky, Reports in Archaeology and Anthropology 2.
22. Greene, W. P. (1898). The Green River Country From Bowling Green to Evansville, its Traffic, its Resources, its Towns. Evansville, IN: J.S. Reilly.
23. Hensley, C. K. (1991). The middle Green River shell mounds: challenging traditional interpretations using internal site analysis. In (C. Stout & C. K. Hensley, Eds) The Human Landscape in Kentucky's Past: Site Structure and Settlement Patterns. Frankfort, KY: Kentucky Heritage Council, pp. 78-97.
24. Hensley, C. K. (1994a). The Archaic Settlement System of the Middle Green River Valley, Kentucky. Unpublished Ph.D. Dissertation, Department of Anthropology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO.
25. Hensley, C. K. (1994b). Prehistoric shell mound dwellers and cavers of the Green River Valley. In Proceedings of Mammoth Cave National Park's Third Science Conference. Mammoth Cave National Park, KY: Mammoth Cave National Park and the Cave Research Foundation, pp. 13-27.
26. Isom, B. G. (1974). Mussels of the Green River, Kentucky. Transactions of the Kentucky Academy of Science 35, 55-57.
27. Jefferies, R. W. (1988). The Archaic in Kentucky: New Deal archaeological excavations. In (D. Pollack & M. L. Powell, Eds) New Deal Era Archaeology and Current Research in Kentucky. Lexington, KY: Kentucky Heritage Council, pp. 14-25.
28. Jefferies, R. W. (1996). Hunters and gatherers after the Ice Age. In (R. B. Lewis, Ed.) Kentucky Archaeology. Lexington, KY: University Press of Kentucky, pp. 39-77.
29. Johnson, L. R. (1975). The Falls City Engineers: A History of the Louisville District Corps of Engineers, United States Army. Louisville, KY: United States Army Corps of Engineers.
30. Johnson, R. I. (1978). Systematics and zoogeography of Plagiola(= Dysnomia=Epioblasma), an almost extinct genus of freshwater mussels (Bivalvia: Unionidae) from middle North America. Harvard University, Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 148, 239-320.
31. Kentucky State Nature Preserves Commission (1996). Rare and extirpated plants and animals of Kentucky. Transactions of the Kentucky Academy of Science 57, 69-91.
32. Klippel, W. E., Celmer, G. & Purdue, J. R. (1978). The Holocene naiad record at Rodgers Shelter in the western Ozark highland of Missouri. Plains Anthropologist 23, 257-271.
33. Marquardt, W. H. & Watson, P. J. (1983a). The shell mound Archaic of western Kentucky. In (J. A. Phillips & J. A. Brown, Eds) Archaic Hunters and Gatherers in the American Midwest. New York: Academic Press, pp. 323-339.
34. Marquardt, W. H. & Watson, P. J. (1983b). Excavation and recovery of biological remains from two Archaic shell middens in western Kentucky. Southeastern Archaeological Conference Bulletin 20, 112-129.
35. Marquardt, W. H. & Watson, P. J. (1997). The Green River Shell Mound Archaic: interpretive trajectories. Paper presented at the 54th Southeastern Archaeological Conference, Baton Rouge, LA.
36. Matteson, M. R. (1958). Analysis of an environment as suggested by shells of fresh-water mussels discarded by Indians of Illinois. Transactions of the Illinois State Academy of Sciences 51, 8-13.
37. Matteson, M. R. (1960). Reconstruction of prehistoric environments through the analysis of molluscan collections from shell middens. American Antiquity 26, 117-120.
38. Miller, A. C., Payne, B. S. & Neill, L. T. (1994). A recent re-evaluation of the bivalve fauna of the lower Green River, Kentucky. Transactions of the Kentucky Academy of Science 55, 46-54.
39. Milner, G. R. & Smith, V. G. (1988). Kentucky's New Deal archaeological excavations, collections, and research. In (D. Pollack & M.L. Powell, Eds) New Deal Era Archaeology and Current Research in Kentucky. Lexington, KY: Kentucky Heritage Council, pp. 1-13.
40. Moore, C. B. (1916). Some Aboriginal Sites on the Green River, Kentucky. Philadelphia: Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Journal 16.
41. Morey, D. F. (1996). A Preliminary Analysis of Identified Freshwater Mussels from Archaeological Site 15BT11, Butler County, Kentucky. Report submitted to the Department of Anthropology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri.
42. Morrison, J. P. (1942). Preliminary report on mollusks found in shellmounds of Pickwick Landing Basin in the Tennessee River Valley. In (W. Webb and D. L. DeJarnette, Eds) An Archaeological Survey of Pickwick Basin in Adjacent Portions of the States of Alabama, Mississippi, and Tennessee. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin 129, pp. 337-392.
43. Oesch, R. D. (1984). Missouri Naiades: A Guide to the Mussels of Missouri. Jefferson City, MO: Missouri Department of Conservation.
44. Ortmann, A. E. (1920). Correlation of shape and station in freshwater mussels (naiades). Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 59, 269-312.
45. Ortmann, A. E. (1925). The naiad-fauna of the Tennessee River system below Walden Gorge. The American Midland Naturalist 9, 321-372.
46. Ortmann, A. E. (1926). The naiades of the Green River drainage in Kentucky. Annals of the Carnegie Museum 17, 167-189.
47. Parmalee, P. W. (1967). The Fresh-Water Mussels of Illinois. Springfield, IL: Illinois State Museum, Popular Science Series 13.
48. Parmalee, P. W. (1988). A comparative study of late prehistoric and modern molluscan faunas of the Little Pigeon River System, Tennessee. American Malacological Bulletin 6, 165-178.
49. Parmalee, P. W. (1994). Freshwater mussels from Smith and Dust Bottom caves. Journal of Alabama Archaeology 40, 135-162.
50. Parmalee, P. W. & Bogan, A. E. (1986). Molluscan remains from aboriginal middens at the Clinch River breeder reactor plant site, Roane County, Tennessee. American Malacological Bulletin 4, 25-37.
51. Parmalee, P. W. & Klippel, W. E. (1986). A prehistoric aboriginal freshwater mussel assemblage from the Duck River in middle Tennessee. The Nautilus 100, 134-140.
52. Parmalee, P. W. & Hughes, M. H. (1993). Freshwater mussels (Mollusca: Pelecypoda: Unionidae) of Tellico Lake: twelve years after impoundment of the Little Tennessee River. Annals of the Carnegie Museum 62, 81-93.
53. Parmalee, P. W. & Hughes, M. H. (1994). Freshwater mussels (Bivalvia: Unionidae) of the Hiwassee River in east Tennessee. American Malacological Bulletin 11, 21-27.
54. Parmalee, P. W., Paloumpis, A. A. & Wilson, N. (1972). Animals Utilized by Woodland Peoples Occupying the Apple Creek Site, Illinois. Springfield, IL: Illinois State Museum, Reports of Investigations 23.
55. Parmalee, P. W., Klippel, W. E. & Bogan, A. E. (1980). Notes on the prehistoric and present status of the naiad fauna of the Middle Cumberland River, Smith County, Tennessee. The Nautilus 94, 93-105.
56. Parmalee, P. W., Klippel, W. E. & Bogan, A. E. (1982). Aboriginal and freshwater mussel assemblages (Pelecypoda: Unionidae) from the Chickamaugua Reservoir, Tennessee. Brimleyana 8, 75-90.
57. Patch, D. C. (1976). An Analysis of the Archaeological Shell of Fresh Water Mottusks from the Carlston Annis Shellmound, West Central Kentucky. Unpublished B.A. Honors Thesis, Department of Anthropology, Washington University, St. Louis MO.
58. Peacock, E. (1997). Discerning prehistoric anthropogenic landscape alteration through changes in freshwater bivalve assemblages. Paper presented at the 62nd Annual Meeting of the Society for American Archaeology, Nashville, TN.
59. Price, S F. (1900). Mollusca of southern Kentucky. The Nautilus 14, 75-79.
60. Sickel, J. B. & Chandler C. C. (1996). Unionid fauna of the lower Cumberland River from Barkley Dam to the Ohio River, Kentucky (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Unionidae). Transactions of the Kentucky Academy of Science 57, 33-16.
61. Stansbery, D. H. (1965). The naiad fauna of the Green River at Munfordville, Kentucky. American Malacological Union Annual Report 1965, 13-14.
62. Stein, J. K. (1980). Geoarchaeology of the Green River Shell Mounds, Kentucky. Ann Arbor, MI: University Microfilms (Ph.D. Thesis, Center for Ancient Studies, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis).
63. Stein, J. K. (1982). Geoarchaeology of the Green River shell middens. Southeastern Archaeology 1, 24-39.
64. Styles, B. W. (1981). Fauna! Exploitation and Resource Selection: Late Woodland Subsistence in the Lower Illinois Valley. Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Archaeological Program, Scientific Papers 3.
65. Styles, B. W. (1986). Aquatic exploitation in the lower Illinois River Valley the role of paleoecological change. In (S.W. Neusius, Ed.) Foraging, Collecting, and Harvesting: Archaic Period Subsistence and Settlement in the Eastern Woodlands. Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois University, Center for Archaeological Investigations, Occasional Paper 6, pp. 145-174.
66. Taylor, R. W. (1989). Changes in freshwater mussel populations of the Ohio River: 1,000 BP to recent times. Ohio Journal of Science 89, 188-191.
67. Theler, J. L. (1987a). Woodland Tradition Economic Strategies. Iowa City, IA: University of Iowa, Office of the State Archaeologist, Report 17.
68. Théier, J. L. (1987b). Prehistoric freshwater mussel assemblages of the Mississippi River in southwestern Wisconsin. The Nautilus 101, 143-150.
69. Théier, J. L. (1991). Aboriginal utilization of freshwater mussels at the Aztalan site, Wisconsin. In (J. R. Purdue, W. E. Klippel & B. W. Styles, Eds) Beamers, Bobwhites, and Blue-Points: Tributes to the Career of Paul W. Parmalee. Springfield, IL: Illinois State Museum, Scientific Papers 23, pp. 315-332.
70. Turgeon, D. D., Bogan, A. E., Coan, E. V., Emerson, W. K., Lyons, W. G., Pratt, W. L., Roper, C. F. E., Scheltema, A., Thompson, F. G. & Williams, J. D. (1988). Common and Scientific Names of Aquatic Invertebrates from the United States and Canada: Mollusks. Bethesda, MD: American Fisheries Society Special Publication 16.
71. United States Army Corps of Engineers (1975). Final Environmental Impact Statement: Continued Operation and Maintenance, Green River and Barren Rivers, Kentucky. Louisville, KY: United States Army Engineer District.
72. Warren, R. E. (1975). Prehistoric Unionacean (Freshwater Mussel) Utilization at the Widows Creek Site (1JA305), Northeast Alabama. Unpublished M.A. Thesis, Department of Anthropology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln.
73. Warren, R. E. (1991). Freshwater mussels as paleoenvironmental indicators: a quantitative approach to assemblage analysis. In (J. R. Purdue, W. E. Klippel, & B. W. Styles, Eds) Beamers, Bobwhites, and Blue-Points: Tributes to the Career of Paul W. Parmalee. Springfield, IL: Illinois State Museum, Scientific Papers 23, pp. 23-66.
74. Warren, R. E. (1992). UNIO: A Spreadsheet Program for Reconstructing Aquatic Environments Based on the Species Composition of Freshwater Mussel (Unionoidea) Assemblages. Springfield, IL: Illinois State Museum Society, Quaternary Studies Program, Technical Report 92-000-3.
75. Warren, R. E. (1995a). Prehistoric mussel faunas from the northern Ozark highland of Missouri: cultural and geological implications. The Missouri Archaeologist 53, 80-100.
76. Warren, R. E. (1995b). Variation and Change in Freshwater Mussel Faunas from Two Caves in the Northern Ozark Highland of Missouri. Springfield, IL: Illinois State Museum, Quaternary Studies Program, Technical Report 95-954-9.
77. Warren, R. E. (1995c). Illinois mussels: the silent storytellers. The Living Museum 57, 19-22.
78. Watson, P. J. (1969). The Prehistory of Salts Cave, Kentucky. Springfield, IL: Illinois State Museum, Reports of Investigations 16.
79. Watson, P. J. (Ed.). (1974). Archaeology of the Mammoth Cave Area. New York: Academic Press.
80. Watson, P. J. (1976). In pursuit of prehistoric subsistence: a comparative account of some contemporary flotation techniques. Mid-Continental Journal of Archaeology 1, 77-100.
81. Watson, P. J. (1985). The impact of early horticulture in the upland drainages of the Midwest and Midsouth. In (R.I. Ford, Ed.) Prehistoric Food Production in the North America. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan, Museum of Anthropology, Anthropological Papers 75, pp. 99-147.
82. Watson, P. J. (1996). Of caves and shell mounds in west-central Kentucky. In (K. C. Carstens & P. J. Watson, Eds) Of Caves and Shell Mounds. Tuscaloosa, AL: University of Alabama Press, pp. 159-164.
83. Watters, G. T. (1995). A Guide to the Freshwater Mussels of Ohio (3rd edition). Columbus, OH: Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of Wildlife.
84. Webb, W. S. (1950a). The Carlson Annis mound: Site 5, Butler County, Kentucky. Lexington, KY: University of Kentucky, Reports in Anthropology 7.
85. Webb, W. S. (1950b). The Read Shell midden: Site 10, Butler County, Kentucky. Lexington, KY: University of Kentucky, Reports in Anthropology 7.
86. Webb, W. S. (1974). Indian Knoll. Knoxville, TN: University of Tennessee Press (originally published 1946 in Lexington, KY, as University of Kentucky, Reports in Anthropology 4 Part 1).
87. Webb, W. S. & Haag, W. G. (1939). The Chiggerville site: site 1, Ohio County, Kentucky. Lexington, KY: University of Kentucky, Reports in Anthropology 4.
88. Webb, W. S. & Haag, W. G. (1940). Cypress Creek villages: sites 11 and 12, McLean County, Kentucky. Lexington, KY: University of Kentucky, Reports in Anthropology 4.
89. Webb, W. S. & Haag, W. G. (1947). Archaic sites in McLean County, Kentucky. Lexington, KY: University of Kentucky, Reports in Anthropology 7.
90. Williams, J. C. (1969). Mussel Fishery Investigation, Tennessee, Ohio and Green Rivers, Final Report. Murray, Kentucky: Murray State University Biological Station, State of Kentucky Project Report 4-19-R.
91. Winters, H. D. (1974). Introduction to the new edition. In (W. S. Webb, Ed.) Indian Knoll. Knoxville, TN: University of Tennessee Press, pp. v-xxvii.
92. Wright, H. E., Jr. (1992). Patterns of Holocene climatic change in the midwestern United States. Quaternary Research 38, 129-134.