Systematic clinical methodology for validating bipolar-II disorder: Data in mid-stream from a french national multi-site study (EPIDEP)

Journal of Affective Disorders

Volumn 50, Issue 2-3, 1998, Pages 163-173

  Hantouche, Elie G ^a   Akiskal, Hagop S ^b   Lancrenon, Sylvie ^c   Allilaire, Jean François ^a   Sechter, Daniel ^d   Azorin, Jean Michel ^e   Bourgeois, Marc ^f   Fraud, Jean Philippe ^g   Châtenet Duchêne, Liliane ^e,g  

^a SORBONNE UNIVERSITÉ   (France)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^c Sylia Stat   (France)

^d HÔPITAL SAINT JACQUES   (France)

^e HÔPITAL SAINTE MARGUERITE   (France)

^f UNIVERSITÉ DE BORDEAUX   (France)

^g SANOFI   (France)

Author keywords

Affective temperaments; Bipolar II; Cyclothymia; Hypomania; Major depression

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ANALYTIC METHOD; ARTICLE; CLINICAL TRIAL; DEPRESSION; DYSTHYMIA; FEMALE; FRANCE; HUMAN; HYPOMANIA; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MANIC DEPRESSIVE PSYCHOSIS; METHODOLOGY; MULTICENTER STUDY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RATING SCALE; VALIDATION PROCESS;

EID: 0032170847     PISSN: 01650327     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0165-0327(98)00112-8     Document Type: Article

References (65)

1. Akiskal, H.S., Djenderejian, A.H., Rosenthal, R.H., 1977. Cyclothymic disorder: validating criteria for inclusion in the bipolar affective group. Am. J. Psychiatry 134, 1227-1233.
2. Akiskal, H.S., Rosenthal, R.H., Rosenthal, T.L., Kashgarian, M., Khani, M.K., Puzantian, V.R., 1979. Differentiation of primary affective illness from situational, symptomatic, and secondary depressions. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 36, 635-643.
3. Akiskal, H.S., Khani, M.K., Scott-Strauss, A., 1979. Cyclothymic temperament disorders. Psychiatr. Clin. North Am. 2, 527-554.
4. Akiskal, H.S., 1981. Subaffective disorders: dysthymic, cyclothymic and bipolar II disorders in the 'borderline' realm. Psychiatr. Clin. North Am. 4, 25-46.
5. Akiskal, H.S., 1983. The bipolar spectrum: New concepts in classification and diagnosis. Psychiatry Update: The American Psychiatric Association Annual Review 2, 271-292.
6. Akiskal, H.S., Walker, P.W., Puzantian, V.R., King, D., Rosenthal, J.L., Dranon, M., 1983. Bipolar outcome in the course of depressive illness. J. Affect. Disord. 5, 115-128.
7. Akiskal, H.S., Downs, J., Jordan, P., Watson, S., Daugherty, D., Pruitt, D.B., 1985. Affective disorders in the referred children and younger siblings of manic-depressives: Mode of onset and prospective course. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 42, 996-1003.
8. Akiskal, H.S., Mallya, G., 1987. Criteria for the 'soft' bipolar spectrum: Treatment implications. Psychopharmacol. Bull. 23, 68-73.
9. Akiskal, H.S., Akiskal, K., 1988. Re-assessing the prevalence of bipolar disorders: Clinical significance and artistic creativity. Psychiatrie et Psychobiologie 3, 29s-36s.
10. Akiskal, H.S., 1992. Delineating irritable-choleric and hyperthymic temperaments as variants of cyclothymia. J. Pers. Disord. 6, 326-342.
11. Akiskal, H.S., Akiskal, K., 1992. Cyclothymic, hyperthymic and depressive temperaments as subaffective variants of mood disorders. In: Tasman, A., Riba, M.B. (Eds.), Review of Psychiatry, vol. 11. American Psychiatric Press, Washington DC, pp. 43-62.
12. Akiskal, H.S., 1994. Dysthymic and cyclothymic depressions: Therapeutic considerations. J. Clin. Psychiatry 55 (suppl. 4), 46-52.
13. Akiskal, H.S., 1995. Le spectre bipolaire: Acquisitions et perspectives cliniques. Encèphale 21, 3-11.
14. Akiskal, H.S., Maser, J.D., Zeller, P., Endicott, J., Coryell, W., Keller, M., 1995. Switching from 'unipolar' to 'bipolar II': An 11-year prospective study of clinical and temperamental predictors in 559 patients. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 52, 114-123.
15. Akiskal, H.S., 1996. The prevalent clinical spectrum of bipolar disorders: Beyond DSM-IV. J. Clin. Psychopharmacol. 16 (suppl 3), 117s-122s.
16. Akiskal, H.S., Hantouche G., Bourgeois M.L., Azorin J.M., Sechter D., Allilaire J.F., Lancrenon S., Fraud J.P., Chatenet-Duchene L., 1998. Gender, temperament and the clinical picture in dysphoric mixed mania: Findings from a French national study. J. Affect. Disord. 50, 175-186.
17. Akiskal, H.S., Perugi, G., Hantouche, E., Haykal, R.H., Manning, J.S., Connor, P., in press (b). The affective temperament scales of Memphis, Pisa, Paris and San Diego: Progress towards a self-rated auto-questionnaire version (TEMPS-A). J. Affect. Disord.
18. Akiskal, H.S., Placidi G.F., Maremmani I., Signoretta, S., Liguori, A., Gervasi, R., Mallya, G., Puzantian V.R., in press (a). TEMPS-I: Delineating the most discriminant traits of the cyclothymic, depressive, hyperthymic and irritable temperaments in a nonpatient population. J. Affect. Disord.
19. Altschuler, L.L., Post, R.M., Leverich, G.S., Mikalauskas, K., Rosoff, A., Ackerman, L., 1995. Antidepressant-induced mania and cycle acceleration: A controversy revisited. Am. J. Psychiatry 152, 1130-1138.
20. Andreasen, N.C., Endicott, J., Spitzer, R.L., Winokur, G., 1977. The family history method using diagnostic criteria. Reliability and variability. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 34, 1229-1235.
21. Angst, J. 1992. L'hypomanie: A propos d'une cohorte de jeunes. Encéphale XVIII, 23-29.
22. Angst, J., 1995. The epidemiology of bipolar spectrum. Encéphale XXI (suppl. 6), 37-42.
23. Baillarger J., 1854. De la folie à double forme. Ann. Med. Psychol. (Paris) 6, 367-391.
24. Benazzi, F., 1997. Prevalence of bipolar II disorder in outpatient depression: A 203-case study in private practice. J. Affect. Disord. 43, 163-166.
25. Berner, P., Gabriel, E., Katschnig, H., Kieffer, W., Koehlert, K., Lenz, G., Nutzinger, D., Schanda, H., Simhandl, C., 1993. Diagnostic Criteria for Functional Psychoses, second ed. Cambridge University Press, New York.
26. Cassano, G.B., Akiskal, H.S., Savino, M., et al., 1992. Proposed subtypes of bipolar II and related disorders: With hypomanic episodes (or cyclothymia) and with hyperthymic temperament. J. Affect. Disord. 26, 127-140.
27. Coryell, W., Endicott, J., Maser, J.D., Keller, M.B., Leon, A.C., Akiskal, H.S., 1995. Long-term stability of polarity distinctions in the affective disorders. Am. J. Psychiatry 152, 385-390.
28. Dell'Osso, L., Placidi, G.F., Nassi, R., Freer, P., Cassano, G.B., Akiskal, H.S., 1991. The manic depressive mixed state: Familial, temperamental and psychopathologic characteristics in 108 female inpatients. Fur. Arch. Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci. 240, 234-239.
29. Dunner, D.L., Gershon, E.S., Goodwin, F.K., 1976. Heritable factors in the severity of affective illness. Biol. Psychiatry 11, 31-42.
30. Dunner, D.L., 1993. A review of the diagnostic status of 'Bipolar II' for the DSM-IV Work Group on Mood Disorders. Depression 1, 2-10.
31. Dunner, D.L., Kai Tay, L., 1993. Diagnostic reliability of the history of hypomania in bipolar II patients with major depression. Compr. Psychiatry 34, 303-307.
32. Egeland, J.A., 1983. Bipolarity: The iceberg of affective disorders?. Compr. Psychiatry 24, 337-344.
33. Endicott, J., Nee, J., Andreasen, N., Clayton, P., Keller, M., Coryell, W., 1985. Bipolar II. Combine or keep separate?. J. Affect. Disord. 8, 17-28.
34. Falret, J.P., 1854. Mémoire sur la folie circulaire, forme de maladie mentale caractérisée par la reproduction sucessive et réguliare de l'état maniqaue, de l'état mélancolique, et d'un intervalle lucide plus ou moins prolongé. Bull. Acad. Natl. Med. 19, 382-415.
35. Goodwin F.K., Jamison K.R., 1990. Manic-depressive Illness. Oxford University Press, New York.
36. Hamilton, M., 1960. A rating scale for depression. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 23, 56-62.
37. Hantouche E.G, Akiskal H.S., 1997. Clinical assessment of affective temperaments. Encéphale XXIII (suppl 1), 27-34.
38. Haustgen, T., 1995. Aspects historiques des troubles bipolaires dans la psychiatrie francaise. Encéphale XXI (suppl. VI), 13-20.
39. Haykal, R.F., Akiskal, H.S., 1990. Bupropion as a promising approach to rapidly cycling bipolar II patients. J. Clin. Psychiatry 51, 450-454.
40. Himmelhoch, J., Mulla, D., Neil, J., Detre, T., Kupfer, D., 1976. Incidence and significance of mixed affective states in a bipolar population. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 33, 1062-1066.
41. Jacobsen, F.M., 1993. Low-dose valproate: A new treatment for cyclothymia, mild rapid cycling disorders, and premenstrual syndrome. J. Clin. Psychiatry 54, 229-234.
42. Kraepelin, E., 1921. Manic-depressive insanity and paranoia. ES Livingstone, Edinburgh.
43. Kovacs, M., Akiskal, H.S., Gatsonis, C., Parrone, P.L., 1994. Childhood-onset of dysthymic disorder: Clinical features and prospective naturalistic outcome. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 51, 365-374.
44. Koukopoulous, A., Reginaldi, D., Laddomada, P., et al., 1980. Course of the manic-depressive cycle and changes caused by treatment. Pharmacopsychiatria 13, 156-167.
45. Koukopoulous, A., Tundo, A., Floris, G.F., Reginald, D., Minai, G.P., Tondo, L., 1990. Changes in life habits that may influence the course of affective disorders. In: Stefanis C.N., Rabavilas A.D., Soldates C.R. (Eds.), Psychiatry - A World Perspective, Elsevier, Amsterdam.
46. Koukopoulous, A., Faedda, G., Proietti, R., D'Amico, S., DePisa, E., Simonetto, C., 1992. A mixed depressive syndrome. Ence phale 18, 19-21.
47. Manning, J.S., Haykal, R.F., Connor, P.D., Akiskal, H.S., 1997. On the nature of depressive and anxious states in a family practice setting: The high prevalence of Bipolar II and related disorders in a cohort followed longitudinally. Compr. Psychiatry 38, 102-108.
48. McElroy, S.L., Keck, P.E., Pope, H.G., Hudson, J.I., Faedda, G.L., Swann, A.C., 1992. Clinical and research implications of the diagnosis of dysphoric or mixed mania or hypomania. Am. J. Psychiatry 149, 1633-1644.
49. McElroy, S., Strakowski, S.M., Keck, P.E., Tugrul, K., West, S.A., Lonczack, H.S., 1995. Difference and similarities in mixed and pure mania. Compr. Psychiatry 36, 187-194.
50. Placidi, G.F., Signoretta, S., Liguori, A., Gervasi, R., Maremmani, I., Akiskal, H.S., 1998. The semi-stuctured affective temperament interview (TEMPS-I): Reliability and psychometric properties in 1010 14-26 year old students. J. Affect. Disord. 47, 1-10.
51. Pope, H.G., Lipinski, J.F., 1978. Diagnosis in schizophrenia and manic-depressive illness: A re-assessment of the specificity of 'schizophrenic' symptoms in the light of current research. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 22, 11-21.
52. Puzantian and Akiskal, 1979. Author, please supply. See folio 5.
53. Rice, J.P., McDonald-Scott, P., Endicott, J., Coryell, W., Grove, W.W., Keller, M.B., 1986. The stability of diagnosis with an application to bipolar II disorder. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 19, 285-296.
54. Rosenthal, N.E., 1993. Winter Blues. Guilford Press, New York.
55. Rosenthal, T.L., Akiskal, H.S., Scott-Strauss, A., Rosenthal, R.H., David, M., 1981. Familial and developmental factors in characterological depressions. J. Affect. Disord. 3, 183-192.
56. Simpson, S.G., Folstein, S.E., Meyers, D.A., 1993. Bipolar II: The most common bipolar phenotype?. Am. J. Psychiatry 150, 901-903.
57. Stoll, A.L., Mayer, P.V., Kolbrener, B.A., Kolbrener, M., Goldstein, E., Sulpit, B., Lucier, J., Cohen, B.M., Tohen, M., 1994. Antidepressant-associated mania: A controlled comparison with spontaneous mania. Am. J. Psychiatry 151, 1642-1645.
58. Strober, M., Carlson, G., 1982. Bipolar illness in adolescents with major depression: Clinical, genetic, and psychopharmacologic predictors in a three-to-four year prospective follow-up investigation. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 39, 549-555.
59. Sultzer, D.L., Cummings, J.L., 1989. Drug-induced mania -Causative agents, clinical characteristics and management: A retrospective analysis of the literature. Med. Toxicol. Adverse Drug Exp. 4, 127-143.
60. Taylor, M.A., Gaztanaga, P., Abrams, R., 1974. Manic-depressive illness and acute schizophrenia: A clinical, family history and treatment response study. Am. J. Psychiatry 131, 678-682.
61. Weissman, M.M., Myers, J.K., 1978. Affective disorders in a US urban community: The use of Research Diagnostic Criteria in an epidemiological survey. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 35, 1304-1311.
62. Wehr, T.A., Goodwin, F.K., 1987. Can antidepressants cause mania and worsen the course of affective illness?. Am. J. Psychiatry 144, 1403-1411.
63. Winokur et al., 1969. Author, please supply. See folio 5.
64. World Health Organization, 1992. The ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders. WHO, Geneva.
65. Zornberg, G.L., Pope, H.G., 1993. Treatment of depression in bipolar disorder: New directions for research. J. Clin. Psychopharmacol. 13, 397-408.